287:
557:
530:
358:
kilometres (12 mi) in length, has remained accessible to the local community within walking distance or by taking public transit. Membership revenues are critical to facilitating access. As of 2006, approximately 40% of the RBG's annual budget comes from support from the
Province of Ontario, the City of Hamilton and the Region of Halton. The remainder, 60%, is classed as 'self-generated revenue' and is raised annually from admissions, memberships, donations, summer camps, and fees-for-service.
28:
545:
569:
482:
470:
458:
1241:
494:
278:
Hamilton
Harbour Commission (Now Hamilton Oshawa Port Authority) as part of the areas historical federal port regulation. In the late 1970s the Harbour Commission and Royal Botanical Gardens made an agreement transferring regulation of use of the water area to the Gardens in support of its environmental protection mandate. However, Royal Botanical Gardens has no regulatory control over the quality of water flowing into its wetlands.
518:
446:
506:
274:). Both of these plants are listed as Endangered in Canada under the Species at Risk Act. In 2008, the RBG was designated as an Important Amphibian and Reptile Area by CARCNET, the Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network. Several plants listed on various Endangered Species Protection programs are held for protection and education purposes in various garden areas.
330:. In 1954 Leslie Laking, initially Assistant Director and Horticulturist, was appointed as Director and served until 1981. Under his guidance, the institution developed into the major entity it is today. In the 1960s growth in horticultural expertise enriched the gardens and its programs, including new staff such as taxonomist
403:
collections, the Katie
Osborne Lilac Collection. The "Lilac Dell" contains 570 plants of 407 unique varieties and is one of RBG's biggest attractions in late May. Royal Botanical Gardens also holds the second-largest garden show in Canada called The Ontario Garden Show. It comes second only to Canada
277:
Unusually, Royal
Botanical Gardens is both the owner of the land under the provincially significant Class 1 Wetland, Cootes Paradise, and Grindstone Marsh as well as regulator of activities on the water, despite it being an inlet of Lake Ontario. Water area activity regulation was formerly under the
221:
RBG's mandate derives from a
Provincial Act of 1941 centred on human interaction with the natural world and protection of environmentally significant lands that form the western tip of Lake Ontario. The Gardens cover an area of approximately 10 km by 4 km that is dominated by two coastal wetlands,
245:
The 980 hectares (2,422 acres) of nature sanctuary owned by the Royal
Botanical Gardens is largely a remnant of the Dundas Marsh Game Preserve created in 1927. The properties now carry many cultural and environmental designations. Multiple national historic site features are associated with area,
357:
and then in the 1940s by the
Province of Ontario. By the early 1980s, funding restrictions and the desire to become increasingly self-supported led to charging of an admission fee for the cultivated garden areas. Admission is free to members. The extensive system of nature trails, more than 20
407:
Innovative educational programs are operated from both RBG's main building in
Burlington and the Nature Interpretive Centre, located in the Arboretum to the north of Cootes Paradise in Hamilton. More than 18,000 school children per year visit the organized school programs, and over 200 public
361:
An organized volunteer group of more than 500 members supports the efforts to fulfill the RBG mandate. Annually, volunteers help raises tens of thousands of dollars and donate tens of thousands of hours in such roles as tour guides, events support, staffing the
Archives, and maintaining plant
318:. The North-Western Entrance to Hamilton project included an extensive set of gardens designed by the Toronto firm of Wilson, Bunnell and Borgstrom. Among these was the Rock Garden created by lining a 5.5 acre abandoned gravel pit with limestone from the
313:
to call the gardens the "Royal
Botanical Gardens". At the same time as the proposal for the botanical gardens was under consideration, the City of Hamilton was undertaking an ambitious program of beautification on the nearby
325:
The original vision of RBG was a mixture of horticultural displays and protected natural forests and wetlands. The first Director of RBG, Dr. Norman Radforth, was appointed in 1947 and was a Professor of Botany at nearby
226:
inland to the plateau of the Niagara Escarpment. The many different gardens and natural areas are accessed through nine public entrance locations. RBG is one of several Prescribed Public Bodies listed under the
388:
The natural lands or nature sanctuaries of Royal Botanical Gardens include some of the most significant wildlife and native plant areas in Canada. The largest area, which includes the wetland called
370:
Royal Botanical Gardens presents five garden areas to visitors: Hendrie Park, RBG Centre (which includes the Mediterranean Garden, RBG's only conservatory), The Arboretum, Laking Garden, and the
374:
and Nancy Gordon Rock Garden. Major natural areas include trails through the valley of the lower Grindstone Creek, Rock Chapel, north and south shores of Cootes Paradise, and Princess Point.
341:
With approximately 1,100 ha (2,700 acres) of property, Royal Botanical Gardens is one of the largest such institutions in North America. In 2006, the Auxiliary of RBG published
630:
396:, one of the best bird-watching areas in Canada, and is the subject of one of Canada's largest ecological rehabilitation efforts aimed at a wetland, called 'Project Paradise.'
72:
1335:
1994:
883:
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Wildlife Branch, Outdoor Recreation Group; Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ontario Region (January 1985).
322:. In 1932 the Board of Park Management brought together the Burlington Heights gardens and the south shore of Cootes Paradise as Royal Botanical Gardens.
595:
1459:
1707:
1316:
911:
850:
817:
1577:
1107:
1907:
1948:
1230:
600:
556:
246:
with the site featuring prominently as a landing and connection point to other regions of the Great Lakes. It is considered an important
1835:
732:
420:
198:. It covers extensive environmentally protected areas, historic sites, and culturally relevant gardens from Burlington to neighbouring
1572:
1340:
1989:
1805:
1712:
590:
423:
and is active in local, regional, national, and international efforts to conserve plant diversity and ensure its sustainable use.
2019:
1409:
1360:
338:. Over the years additional protected lands were added to RBG, including most recently the Berry Tract South property in 2015.
239:
234:
In 2006, in support of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, Royal Botanical Gardens was selected as Canada's
760:
2004:
1557:
1365:
1263:
1022:
984:
962:
266:) which is found nowhere else in Canada, and the largest remaining population of one of Canada's most endangered trees, the
1979:
2009:
1850:
1681:
1614:
884:
585:
416:
294:
Royal Botanical Gardens developed as a concept in the 1920s under the City of Hamilton Board of Park Management, led by
2014:
1912:
1686:
1676:
1562:
529:
728:
1928:
1780:
1702:
1434:
789:
218:, as well as being a significant local and regional horticultural, education, conservation, and scientific resource.
149:
1296:
286:
1671:
1223:
1167:
1775:
1722:
1609:
1401:
1311:
704:
259:
1943:
1717:
1596:
926:
408:
education offerings include such diverse topics as botanical illustration, organic cooking and basic botany.
1999:
1752:
1540:
1273:
377:
Long standing RBG trails on the Niagara Escarpment at Rock Chapel are part of the original founding of the
315:
65:
1825:
1820:
1742:
1464:
1286:
1119:
544:
1984:
1840:
1810:
1216:
1727:
1656:
1281:
1258:
862:
829:
1938:
1873:
1765:
1661:
1567:
610:
568:
1880:
1868:
1790:
1770:
1635:
927:"Public Works Committee: Motion on Dundas Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and Cootes Paradise"
1785:
1301:
211:
952:
262:. More than 1,100 species of plants grow within its boundaries including the Bashful Bulrush (
1525:
1480:
306:. The proposed botanical garden would also protect extensive natural areas along the marsh.
1630:
1505:
228:
680:
654:
8:
1902:
1795:
1760:
1732:
1666:
1520:
1370:
764:
331:
327:
303:
255:
187:
50:
250:
for Canada, with a very high proportion of the wild plants of Canada in one area; is an
1953:
1863:
1800:
1604:
1530:
1510:
1449:
1378:
1011:
905:
882:
858:
825:
319:
517:
505:
493:
481:
469:
457:
1895:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1345:
1244:
1028:
1018:
958:
354:
298:. Initially the proposed botanical garden was to be located along the south shore of
199:
1070:
445:
1651:
1439:
1429:
1424:
1355:
1291:
1147:
768:
605:
427:
409:
295:
988:
1515:
1500:
1419:
1321:
389:
299:
1815:
1737:
1306:
790:"Biosphere Reserve Information - Canada - Niagara Escarpment Biosphere Reserve"
335:
290:
Plaque with history on T. B. McQuesten, the founder of Royal Botanical Gardens.
27:
1973:
1885:
1548:
310:
87:
74:
1032:
1013:
Love, sweat and soil: a history of Royal Botanical Gardens from 1930 to 1981
886:
An Evaluation System for Wetlands of Ontario South of the Precambrian Shield
343:
Love, sweat and soil: a history of Royal Botanical Gardens from 1930 to 1981
1933:
1890:
1444:
1108:
InsideHalton Article: RBG hikers, bird watchers benefit from trail software
736:
393:
385:
to bring its trail network to the internet through an interactive website.
371:
267:
223:
222:
and landscapes that were carved during the last glaciation, extending from
1958:
1414:
1386:
1350:
1208:
378:
1858:
1830:
1582:
1327:
1174:
1391:
925:
Vanderbeek, Councillor A; Jackson, Councillor T (February 13, 2017).
392:
or Dundas Marsh, is a major spawning area for native fish species in
729:"Botanical Garden named National Focal Point for Plant Conservation"
1240:
382:
353:
Funding for the institution was initially provided largely by the
1552:
431:
215:
203:
191:
54:
1586:
1143:
1087:
797:
535:
207:
195:
58:
954:
The Once and Future Great Lakes Country: An Ecological History
400:
1088:"RBG Auxiliary Volunteer Opportunities and Information Page"
1046:
631:"Royal Botanical Gardens wants to see more paying visitors"
412:
offers an ECO Studies program in conjunction with the RBG.
681:"Royal Botanical Gardens National Historic Site of Canada"
655:"Royal Botanical Gardens National Historic Site of Canada"
160:
Royal Botanical Gardens National Historic Site of Canada
399:
The Arboretum contains one of the world's most diverse
186:(RBG) is a heritage-listed botanical garden located in
1201:
210:. It is one of the major tourist attractions between
132:
1017:. Hamilton, ON: Royal Botanical Gardens Auxiliary.
596:
List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage
1995:Organizations based in Canada with royal patronage
1010:
761:"Dundas Valley and Dundas Marsh - Dundas, Ontario"
1708:Hamilton-Wentworth Catholic District School Board
924:
892:(2nd ed.). Governments of Ontario and Canada
242:(GSPC) by Environment and Climate Change Canada.
1971:
1460:Spencer Gorge/Webster's Falls Conservation Area
1173:. Royal Botanical Gardens. 2007. Archived from
705:"Royal Botanical Gardens | Destination Ontario"
1224:
1908:John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport
910:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
309:Formal permission was obtained in 1930 from
601:List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in Canada
415:Royal Botanical Gardens is a member of the
1238:
1231:
1217:
733:Botanic Gardens Conservation International
426:Royal Botanical Gardens's properties span
421:Botanic Gardens Conservation International
260:Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve
987:. Royal Botanical Gardens. Archived from
944:
302:Marsh surrounding the Hamilton campus of
1713:Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board
591:List of attractions in Hamilton, Ontario
430:, hosting several popular locations for
285:
1972:
1008:
240:Global Strategy for Plant Conservation
1578:List of tallest buildings in Hamilton
1366:Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway
1212:
950:
755:
753:
562:Blooms at the Lilac Celebration, RBG
1949:Hamilton–Brantford–Cambridge Trails
818:"Species Profile - Bashful Bulrush"
721:
586:List of botanical gardens in Canada
417:American Public Gardens Association
13:
1677:McMaster University Medical Centre
1071:"Donor Accountability Report 2018"
1047:"Donate - Royal Botanical Gardens"
750:
14:
2031:
1781:Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum
1435:Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area
1193:
404:Blooms which is held in Toronto.
1682:St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton
1239:
1168:"Annual report to the community"
851:"Species Profile - Red Mulberry"
794:MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory
567:
555:
543:
528:
516:
504:
492:
480:
468:
456:
444:
150:National Historic Site of Canada
26:
1990:Important Bird Areas of Ontario
1806:List of Attractions in Hamilton
1336:List of National Historic Sites
1136:
1112:
1101:
1080:
1063:
1039:
1002:
977:
918:
876:
855:Species at Risk Public Registry
822:Species at Risk Public Registry
2020:1941 establishments in Ontario
1776:Canadian Football Hall of Fame
1723:Columbia International College
1610:Hamilton, Ontario City Council
843:
810:
782:
697:
673:
647:
623:
381:. In 2010, RBG partnered with
365:
1:
1718:Hillfield Strathallan College
1090:. The Royal Botanical Gardens
951:Riley, John L. (2013-10-01).
616:
2005:Museums in Hamilton, Ontario
1672:McMaster Children's Hospital
861:. 2008-04-25. Archived from
828:. 2008-04-25. Archived from
735:. 2006-08-02. Archived from
538:, 2008 Rose Celebration, RBG
348:
107:1,100 hectares (2,700 acres)
7:
1980:Botanical gardens in Canada
1913:List of streets in Hamilton
1743:Redeemer University College
579:
10:
2036:
2010:Parks in Hamilton, Ontario
1841:Westfield Heritage Village
709:www.destinationontario.com
281:
248:plant biodiversity hotspot
123:387,104 (in 2023)
2015:Nature centres in Ontario
1921:
1849:
1836:Sports venues in Hamilton
1751:
1728:McMaster Divinity College
1695:
1657:Hamilton General Hospital
1644:
1623:
1595:
1563:Film industry in Hamilton
1539:
1473:
1400:
1282:1930 British Empire Games
1272:
1251:
437:
176:
172:
164:
156:
147:
143:
127:
119:
111:
103:
64:
46:
38:
34:
25:
18:
1939:Confederation Beach Park
1766:Around the Bay Road Race
1662:Juravinski Cancer Centre
1573:Head offices in Hamilton
1568:Hamilton Health Sciences
611:Toronto Botanical Garden
345:authored by Dr. Laking.
264:Trichophorum planifolium
1881:Hamilton Street Railway
1771:Art Gallery of Hamilton
1703:Hamilton Public Library
1636:Hamilton Police Service
1615:List of Hamilton Mayors
1455:Royal Botanical Gardens
1124:Royal Botanical Gardens
1009:Laking, Leslie (2006).
184:Royal Botanical Gardens
20:Royal Botanical Gardens
1821:Power Play (TV series)
1786:Dundas Cactus Festival
1302:Battle of Stoney Creek
661:. Government of Canada
291:
1317:Grand Lodge of Canada
957:. MQUP. p. 274.
550:Rose Celebration, RBG
289:
258:; and is part of the
88:43.29111°N 79.87583°W
1687:St. Peter's Hospital
1631:City of Hamilton EMS
1341:List of royal visits
1264:Notable Hamiltonians
635:www.insidehalton.com
574:Cootes Paradise, RBG
236:National Focal Point
229:Ontario Heritage Act
2000:Burlington, Ontario
1903:Hamilton Bike Share
1796:Hamilton Tiger-Cats
1761:African Lion Safari
1733:McMaster University
1667:Juravinski Hospital
1076:. 2018. p. 23.
765:Bird Studies Canada
328:McMaster University
304:McMaster University
256:Bird Studies Canada
252:Important Bird Area
93:43.29111; -79.87583
84: /
1954:Mohawk Sports Park
1826:Sports in Hamilton
1801:Labour Day Classic
1605:Hamilton City Hall
1450:Niagara Escarpment
1410:List of waterfalls
1361:Timeline of events
985:"Gardens' History"
859:Environment Canada
826:Environment Canada
320:Niagara Escarpment
316:Burlington Heights
292:
1985:Gardens in Canada
1967:
1966:
1811:Media in Hamilton
1791:Hamilton Bulldogs
1465:Twenty Mile Creek
1346:Studebaker Canada
1297:Battlefield House
1245:Hamilton, Ontario
1144:"RBG ECO Studies"
1024:978-0-9691759-4-0
964:978-0-7735-8982-7
332:Dr. James Pringle
180:
179:
2027:
1874:Confederation GO
1652:Chedoke Hospital
1558:Economic history
1440:Hamilton Harbour
1430:Golden Horseshoe
1425:Desjardins Canal
1356:Thomas McQuesten
1292:Bank of Hamilton
1243:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1202:Official website
1188:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1148:Aldershot School
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1116:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1016:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:on April 2, 2009
981:
975:
974:
972:
971:
948:
942:
941:
939:
937:
931:City of Hamilton
922:
916:
915:
909:
901:
899:
897:
891:
880:
874:
873:
871:
870:
847:
841:
840:
838:
837:
814:
808:
807:
805:
804:
786:
780:
779:
777:
776:
767:. Archived from
757:
748:
747:
745:
744:
725:
719:
718:
716:
715:
701:
695:
694:
692:
691:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
651:
645:
644:
642:
641:
627:
606:Green Fleet Expo
571:
559:
547:
532:
520:
508:
496:
484:
472:
460:
448:
428:Bayview Junction
410:Aldershot School
355:City of Hamilton
296:Thomas McQuesten
139:
136:
134:
99:
98:
96:
95:
94:
89:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
42:Botanical garden
30:
16:
15:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2024:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1917:
1869:West Harbour GO
1845:
1747:
1691:
1640:
1624:Public services
1619:
1591:
1535:
1469:
1420:Cootes Paradise
1396:
1322:Hamilton Tigers
1312:George Hamilton
1268:
1247:
1237:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1183:
1181:
1180:on July 8, 2009
1177:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1025:
1007:
1003:
994:
992:
983:
982:
978:
969:
967:
965:
949:
945:
935:
933:
923:
919:
903:
902:
895:
893:
889:
881:
877:
868:
866:
849:
848:
844:
835:
833:
816:
815:
811:
802:
800:
788:
787:
783:
774:
772:
759:
758:
751:
742:
740:
727:
726:
722:
713:
711:
703:
702:
698:
689:
687:
679:
678:
674:
664:
662:
653:
652:
648:
639:
637:
629:
628:
624:
619:
582:
575:
572:
563:
560:
551:
548:
539:
533:
524:
521:
512:
509:
500:
497:
488:
485:
476:
473:
464:
461:
452:
449:
440:
390:Cootes Paradise
368:
351:
300:Cootes Paradise
284:
152:
131:
92:
90:
86:
83:
78:
75:
73:
71:
70:
12:
11:
5:
2033:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1855:
1853:
1851:Transportation
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:Pride Hamilton
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1738:Mohawk College
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1549:Arcelor Mittal
1545:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1307:Dundurn Castle
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1195:
1194:External links
1192:
1190:
1189:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1135:
1111:
1100:
1079:
1062:
1038:
1023:
1001:
976:
963:
943:
917:
875:
842:
809:
781:
749:
720:
696:
672:
646:
621:
620:
618:
615:
614:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
581:
578:
577:
576:
573:
566:
564:
561:
554:
552:
549:
542:
540:
534:
527:
525:
522:
515:
513:
510:
503:
501:
498:
491:
489:
486:
479:
477:
474:
467:
465:
462:
455:
453:
450:
443:
439:
436:
367:
364:
350:
347:
336:Freek Vrugtman
283:
280:
178:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
168:1 January 1994
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
68:
62:
61:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
32:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2032:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:Bayfront Park
1927:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:BLAST network
1884:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1176:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1104:
1089:
1083:
1072:
1066:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1005:
990:
986:
980:
966:
960:
956:
955:
947:
932:
928:
921:
913:
907:
888:
887:
879:
865:on 2013-06-10
864:
860:
856:
852:
846:
832:on 2013-06-10
831:
827:
823:
819:
813:
799:
795:
791:
785:
771:on 2011-06-12
770:
766:
762:
756:
754:
739:on 2008-09-05
738:
734:
730:
724:
710:
706:
700:
686:
682:
676:
660:
656:
650:
636:
632:
626:
622:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
570:
565:
558:
553:
546:
541:
537:
531:
526:
523:Laking Garden
519:
514:
507:
502:
495:
490:
483:
478:
471:
466:
459:
454:
447:
442:
441:
435:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
413:
411:
405:
402:
397:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
375:
373:
363:
362:collections.
359:
356:
346:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
323:
321:
317:
312:
311:King George V
307:
305:
301:
297:
288:
279:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
254:according to
253:
249:
243:
241:
237:
232:
230:
225:
219:
217:
213:
212:Niagara Falls
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
157:Official name
155:
151:
146:
142:
138:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
69:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
24:
21:
17:
1934:Beasley Park
1891:Hamilton LRT
1526:Stoney Creek
1481:Ainslie Wood
1454:
1445:Lake Ontario
1380:
1372:
1329:
1182:. Retrieved
1175:the original
1151:. Retrieved
1138:
1127:. Retrieved
1123:
1114:
1103:
1092:. Retrieved
1082:
1065:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:
1041:
1012:
1004:
993:. Retrieved
989:the original
979:
968:. Retrieved
953:
946:
934:. Retrieved
930:
920:
894:. Retrieved
885:
878:
867:. Retrieved
863:the original
854:
845:
834:. Retrieved
830:the original
821:
812:
801:. Retrieved
793:
784:
773:. Retrieved
769:the original
741:. Retrieved
737:the original
723:
712:. Retrieved
708:
699:
688:. Retrieved
685:www.pc.gc.ca
684:
675:
665:28 September
663:. Retrieved
659:Parks Canada
658:
649:
638:. Retrieved
634:
625:
511:Hendrie Park
499:Hendrie Park
487:Rock Gardens
475:Rock Gardens
463:Rock Gardens
451:Rock Gardens
425:
414:
406:
398:
394:Lake Ontario
387:
376:
372:David Braley
369:
360:
352:
342:
340:
334:and Curator
324:
308:
293:
276:
271:
268:Red Mulberry
263:
251:
247:
244:
235:
233:
224:Lake Ontario
220:
183:
181:
19:
1959:Pier 4 Park
1864:Hamilton GO
1506:Flamborough
1474:Communities
1415:Bruce Trail
1387:War of 1812
1351:Tim Hortons
432:railfanning
379:Bruce Trail
366:Attractions
272:Morus rubra
91: /
66:Coordinates
1974:Categories
1859:GO Transit
1831:Supercrawl
1583:U.S. Steel
1328:HMCS
1184:2009-05-03
1153:2009-05-03
1129:2021-03-30
1094:2015-06-14
1056:2020-01-13
1051:www.rbg.ca
995:2009-05-04
970:2014-07-07
869:2009-05-04
836:2009-05-04
803:2009-05-03
775:2009-05-03
743:2009-05-04
714:2024-06-04
690:2024-06-04
640:2024-07-23
617:References
188:Burlington
165:Designated
79:79°52′33″W
76:43°17′28″N
51:Burlington
1944:Gore Park
1696:Education
1645:Hospitals
1521:North End
1511:Glanbrook
1402:Geography
1392:Whitehern
1379:USS
1371:USS
906:cite book
349:Financial
1597:Politics
1531:Westdale
1496:Binbrook
1486:Ancaster
1373:Hamilton
1252:Features
1120:"Lilacs"
1033:64344711
580:See also
383:Geotrail
238:for the
200:Hamilton
120:Visitors
47:Location
1753:Culture
1553:Dofasco
1541:Economy
1491:Beasley
1381:Scourge
1287:Auchmar
1274:History
936:June 4,
896:June 4,
282:History
216:Toronto
204:Ontario
192:Ontario
128:Website
112:Created
55:Ontario
1896:A-Line
1587:Stelco
1516:Lynden
1501:Dundas
1031:
1021:
961:
798:UNESCO
536:Dahlia
438:Images
208:Canada
196:Canada
59:Canada
1922:Parks
1330:Haida
1324:(NHL)
1178:(PDF)
1171:(PDF)
1074:(PDF)
890:(PDF)
401:lilac
1259:Flag
1029:OCLC
1019:ISBN
959:ISBN
938:2024
912:link
898:2024
667:2019
419:and
214:and
182:The
135:.rbg
115:1929
104:Area
39:Type
137:.ca
133:www
1976::
1585:/
1551:/
1146:.
1122:.
1049:.
1027:.
929:.
908:}}
904:{{
857:.
853:.
824:.
820:.
796:.
792:.
763:.
752:^
731:.
707:.
683:.
657:.
633:.
434:.
231:.
206:,
202:,
194:,
190:,
57:,
53:,
1232:e
1225:t
1218:v
1187:.
1156:.
1132:.
1097:.
1059:.
1035:.
998:.
973:.
940:.
914:)
900:.
872:.
839:.
806:.
778:.
746:.
717:.
693:.
669:.
643:.
270:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
