20:
160:. With trade impossible, their economies stagnated while social upheaval and limited food supplies reduced their ability to resist invasion by the large British forces maintained in the region. In the summer of 1808, desperate messages were sent to France from the islands, prompting a succession of French efforts to supply food, reinforcements and trading opportunities during the latter part of 1808 and the first months of 1809. These efforts were entirely unsuccessful: the few ships that did safely reach the
1096:
382:
1457:, who was killed by grapeshot. At 17:20, the fire reached the magazines of the burning flûte, and the ensuing explosion hurled burning wreckage across the bay. The British ships were largely untouched, but the second French flûte was struck by a large piece of flaming timber, which ignited her mainmast and destroyed her as well. The operations successfully completed, the British ships embarked their landing parties, who had demolished the fortifications around the bay, and returned to open water.
128:
through them, destroying both ships in succession. Many of the French crew escaped ashore from the wrecks, while others were picked up by
British ships. The blockade of Guadeloupe was successfully maintained, and the island was captured in a coordinated invasion a month later. Roquebert's remaining ships were intercepted on 16 January by a patrolling British frigate, but successfully escaped pursuit and eventually returned undamaged to France.
1084:
370:
1484:, including the grievously wounded Captain Shortland. Transported across the island on a wagon in the full glare of the sun, Shortland's condition rapidly worsened and he died on 21 January 1810 without regaining consciousness. He was buried at Basse-Terre with full military honours. Four decades later the battle was among the actions recognised by the clasp "ANSE LA BARQUE 18 DECR. 1809" attached to the
265:. The force departed on 15 November 1809 and made rapid progress across the Atlantic, avoiding all contact with British warships. Of the small ships despatched around the same time, none reached Guadeloupe; all were captured in the Western Atlantic or Caribbean by warships sent by Cochrane to patrol for approaching French reinforcements.
669:
under
Captain Frederick Wetherall, stopped an American merchant ship and boarded her in search of contraband. As he was engaged in the search, four sails appeared to the north. Shortland immediately gave chase, and by 16:00 realised his quarry was a squadron of four frigates. Firing warning shots in
767:
clear off the two full-strength French frigates, Deecker tried to escape but found his ship unresponsive. Within minutes, Roquebert and Saint-Cricq had regained their positions on either side of the
British frigate and boarded simultaneously, forcing Deecker to surrender at 18:15. The British had
49:
squadrons had isolated and defeated the French
Caribbean colonies one by one, until by the autumn Guadeloupe was the only colony remaining in French hands. Cut off from the rest of the world by British blockade squadrons that intercepted all ships coming to or from the island, Guadeloupe was in a
1452:
began to withdraw from the bay as the fire took hold of the first frigate. The rest of the
British squadron, despite heavy cannon fire from a fort on shore, successfully landed their troops and stormed and captured the defences. There were heavy casualties in the storming parties, including Hugh
1496:
Roquebert's remaining frigates turned north after parting from the storeships, sighting the
British squadron in the distance and grounding on a sandbar off Antigua in their haste to escape. Throwing overboard their guns and stores, the ships were lightened enough to regain open water. They then
127:
that an attack was made in earnest. As small ships engaged the batteries on shore, two frigates entered the bay and attacked the flûtes, causing both to surrender in an hour-long engagement. Both French ships were badly damaged and a fire started during the engagement was able to rapidly spread
928:
on either side of the bay. Lieutenants
Normand-Kergré and Vincent then anchored their ships parallel with the shore, so that they had the maximum number of cannon aimed at the entrance to the cove. As Ballard's ships cruised along the coast in light winds, seeking a way into the well-protected
923:
sighted the French flûtes approaching Basse-Terre from the northwest and
Ballard advanced on them, blocking them from reaching Basse-Terre. Retreating northwest along the southern coastline of Guadeloupe, the flûtes entered a sheltered cove named Anse la Barque at 10:00, sheltering under two
808:
had escaped from the French squadron and immediately sought out the blockade force off
Guadeloupe, the only place that the French squadron could be destined for. Arriving at Basse-Terre at 13:00 on 15 December, Captain Wetherall telegraphed the senior officer on the station, Captain
211:, and placed heavier forces at Martinique in case they were required. Individual ships were dispersed in the approaches to the French island, ready to intercept any approaching reinforcement. Other ships operated against ships already anchored off Guadeloupe: one squadron seized the
50:
desperate situation, facing economic collapse, food shortages and social upheaval, as well as the impending threat of
British invasion. In an effort to reinforce and resupply the colony, the French government sent four vessels to the West Indies in November 1809 under Commodore
937:
then landed a shore party from his ship and stormed the battery, capturing it in 15 minutes. He demolished the position and withdrew to his ship, rejoining Ballard off Anse la Barque. Ballard then tested the feasibility of an attack on the French ships, ordering the 12-gun
758:
s top deck was almost completely cleared and Shortland had been taken below, his leg broken by grapeshot and his body pierced by several large wooden splinters. Lieutenant Samuel Bartlett Deecker assumed command, and successfully beat off a boarding attack from
1625:, surrendered. Over the rest of the month, the few remaining colonies belonging to France and the Netherlands were seized without opposition and the entire Caribbean was either under British or Spanish control, with the exception of the independent state of
1588:
In the West Indies, the failure of the main resupply effort resulted in a further drop in morale among the defenders of Guadeloupe. Other smaller ships sent with supplies were captured during the operations against Roquebert's squadron, including the brig
1428:
was luckier, and Captain Miller was able to close with one of the French ships, although their identities during the engagement are uncertain in historical accounts and it is not clear which one was first into the action. By 15:35,
655:, following an unsuccessful attempt to return to France from Guadeloupe. Hastily repaired, she had been commissioned into the Royal Navy and added to Cochrane's fleet, from where Cochrane had ordered her to patrol to the east of
1681:, cut her masts and opened her scuttles to flood her. The water did not enter fast enough, so he fired her guns into the hold. This had the effect of starting a fire that led to the explosion that destroyed her, and set fire to
1389:, who immediately assumed command of the diverse squadron assembled at the entrance to the bay. Ballard dismissed the French negotiators and ordered an immediate attack on the anchored frigates. His plan was simple:
892:, taken by Roquebert's squadron two weeks earlier. Roberts also discovered two other ships in the distance to the north and had closed to investigate, discovering the French convoy. Darkness fell soon afterwards and
191:, and two more frigates were captured in June and July as they tried to return to France. With such heavy losses, the French took time preparing their next effort while the British were distracted by the
1539:. Brace shadowed the French frigates for two days, but was unable to close with them and Roquebert made no attempt to use his superior strength against the British frigate. Eventually, Roquebert outran
768:
suffered heavy losses, with 20 killed and 40 wounded, including Shortland. The prisoners were dispersed among the French squadron and rather than spare the men required to repair and crew the battered
2134:
1668:
s deck. Troude does not mention small arms, but insists that the two flûtes neither fired their guns nor received any cannon fire. James also gives the two flûtes heavier guns than do French records.
58:
carrying supplies and troops. The two others were 40-gun frigates, ordered to protect the storeships on their journey from the British forces operating off both the French and Guadeloupe coasts.
245:
Bernard Vincent, took on board large quantities of food supplies and over 200 military reinforcements each. To protect these ships two frigates were detailed to escort the convoy to Guadeloupe:
740:
was pounded from all sides, Roquebert's ship coming so close to the British frigate that their rigging tangled and they collided, inflicting further damage. The French squadron was so close to
75:
s captain did not realise the size of the French squadron until it was too late and, despite fierce resistance, his ship was captured and he was mortally wounded. Destroying the badly damaged
1441:
led the remainder of the squadron into the bay, fire was seen spreading through the surrendered ship and, in the face of overwhelming opposition, the second flûte also surrendered at 16:20.
896:
separated from the French ships, as Roberts sailed westwards as fast as possible to notify Ballard of his sighting, arriving at 04:00 on 17 December. In the aftermath of the destruction of
61:
The squadron almost reached the Caribbean without encountering any of patrolling British warships sent to watch for French reinforcements, but was spotted and intercepted by the frigate
1622:
674:. Initially unconvinced, Shortland raised the recognition signal for Spanish vessels and received the correct reply from the lead frigate. Closing with the ships during the afternoon,
1248:
513:
91:
to within sight of Guadeloupe and then left them, his frigates making their way back to France without ensuring the safe arrival of their convoy. On 15 December, the small British
23:
1804 map of Guadeloupe, illustrating the locations of the island's principal settlements. The action on 18 December 1809 took place in Anse à la Barque, a small bay to the east of
2129:
1420:
were within range of the gun batteries and fifteen minutes later they were able to open fire on the flûtes, although still at quite a distance. Becalmed in the bay,
696:
s rigging. Unable to manoeuvre away from the French due to the damage suffered in the opening broadside, Shortland returned fire as best he could while closing with
1371:
At 08:30 on the morning of 18 December, a small boat sailed from Anse la Barque with a message offering the British a temporary truce. Simultaneously the British
1677:
With respect to the engagement at Anse à la Barque, Troude reports that the French vessels started to unload their cargo. When the British attacked, Vincent, on
1241:
506:
171:
The British blockade squadrons had intercepted a number of the messages sent from the islands during 1808, and a large expeditionary force was built up on
1188:
1167:
838:
207:, was again developing an expeditionary force, this time aimed at Guadeloupe. He had strengthened the blockade squadron off the island's principal port
961:
113:
amassed a significant squadron and forced the French flûtes to anchor in a protected bay at Anse à la Barque, on the southeastern coast of Guadeloupe.
144:
rapidly and decisively seized control of the war at sea, driving French ships into protected harbours and laying heavy blockades on ports held by the
1234:
499:
1405:
would engage the gun batteries to prevent them targeting the small brigs bringing up the rear. The brigs would be towing boats full of sailors and
1031:
960:
withdrew out of range. Operations were then suspended for the evening to allow additional reinforcements to come up. During the night the frigate
225:
In the months since Troude's failure, the French had only sent small supply ships to Guadeloupe, while carefully preparing a major expedition at
848:, through which Roquebert's ships would have to pass. Urgent messages were sent to all nearby ships and bases, and the following day the sloops
1547:
safely. Within a year, Roquebert and Saint-Cricq would be despatched on another mission to resupply a French colony, sailing with the frigate
732:
in the face of overwhelming French numbers and so sailed westward to find and warn other British ships of the approaching French squadron. As
678:
was only a short distance from the lead ship at 17:30 when French colours replaced the Spanish and Roquebert ordered his ships to open fire.
1500:
317:
19:
2154:
1685:, destroying her also. Troude also reports that the British landing party attacked Battery Choppard, of four guns, which repelled them.
1661:, one from in front and one from behind the British frigate, and that the French soldiers discharged their small arms, almost sweeping
1314:
579:
203:
that was eventually concluded in July 1809 with British naval assistance. By the autumn of 1809, the British commander, Vice-Admiral
1277:
542:
1349:
614:
180:
1618:
1472:, although casualty figures are not known. French losses in the engagement are also uncertain, although most of the crews of
1424:
was forced to engage one of the forts instead, fire from the shore causing some damage but not enough to endanger the ship.
1329:
594:
175:
with orders to invade and capture the French colonies as swiftly as possible. Their first target was Martinique, which was
1585:
only escaped by deserting the other ships in the middle of the engagement, fleeing north and eventually reaching France.
1324:
1258:
589:
523:
1485:
681:
Roquebert had learned the correct signals for Spanish shipping from captured Spanish merchant ships and, having lured
2108:
2072:
2050:
2031:
1992:
724:
when the action began, and was thus not directly engaged by any of the French ships. Wetherall initially fired at
164:
and successfully landed supplies were all intercepted and captured on the return journey, costing the French four
2060:
1528:, approximately 200 nautical miles (370 km) west of the Portuguese coast, when they encountered the frigate
972:
1621:. The French garrison largely deserted, and by 6 February all resistance was defeated and the governor, General
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435:
257:
95:
2159:
1614:
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were able to quite easily reach the shore. Among those that did make land were a section of prisoners from
1307:
572:
1558:
1497:
returned to European waters, avoiding all contact with British shipping until 16 January 1810 at position
659:
for ships attempting to evade the British blockade. On 13 December, Shortland, in company with the 16-gun
148:
and her allies to strangle communications and overseas trade. This had a devastating effect on the French
637:
457:
192:
62:
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1344:
1282:
1272:
820:, of the impending arrival of Roquebert's squadron. Ballard swiftly gathered his squadron, the frigate
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609:
547:
537:
1334:
599:
2082:
1409:, who would storm the French ships and gun positions as they were engaged with the larger warships.
116:
Ineffectual efforts were made to capture the flûtes, but it was not until the arrival of the 74-gun
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24:
1136:
1130:
447:
441:
86:
80:
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2002:
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557:
110:
399:
252:
51:
2019:
1932:
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1386:
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1116:
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and leaving the supply ships to make the journey to Guadeloupe independently. As a result,
124:
8:
1529:
1174:
1088:
904:, Roquebert decided to separate from the convoy and return to France, turning north with
856:
849:
374:
262:
145:
2086:
845:
744:
that the soldiers carried aboard for the garrison on Guadeloupe were able to fire their
184:
1937:
1562:
1557:
in December 1810. Unknown to the French authorities, a British expeditionary force had
1375:
1160:
952:
attacked the batteries directly at 16:00. Discovering that the entrance was navigable.
772:, Roquebert had the frigate set on fire and abandoned. French losses were also severe,
204:
117:
870:
to watch Basse-Terre while the rest of squadron patrolled to the south of the island.
2104:
2068:
2046:
2027:
1988:
1181:
1146:
878:
831:
821:
1302:
567:
1372:
409:
188:
2006:
1226:
491:
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during February 1809. Outlying islands were captured over the next few months and
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814:
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an effort to force the frigates to identify themselves, the strange ships raised
429:
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137:
42:
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had dismasted her opponent, which surrendered. Moving against the second ship,
1382:
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1095:
644:
405:
386:
381:
889:
109:. Summoning ships from the surrounding region, the British commander, Captain
2123:
1544:
1515:
1502:
1488:, awarded upon application to all British participants still living in 1847.
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1046:
1033:
925:
671:
332:
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196:
161:
79:
and continuing with the mission, Roquebert successfully delivered the flûtes
1610:
1536:
828:
105:, brought news of the French arrival to the blockade squadron anchored off
713:
208:
149:
106:
34:
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from extreme range, but soon recognised that he could do nothing to aid
1570:
1025:
748:
at the British top deck, killing many of the sailors manning the guns.
200:
157:
153:
141:
46:
38:
1437:
was then also becalmed and was forced to engage the forts instead. As
1554:
2024:
The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume V
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939:
219:
212:
172:
55:
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had been captured from the French less than a year earlier at the
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Naval battles of the Napoleonic Wars involving the United Kingdom
1617:
were complete and 7,000 men were landed under Lieutenant-General
1143:
656:
454:
425:
311:
165:
844:, and positioned them in the channel between Guadeloupe and the
1412:
The plan was initially frustrated by light winds, but by 14:25
1112:
Lieutenant Joseph-Normand Kergré and Lieutenant Bernard Vincent
1083:
884:
under Captain William Roberts had recaptured the merchant brig
745:
369:
226:
1397:
would enter the harbour and engage the flûtes directly, while
916:
were sailing unprotected straight towards Ballard's squadron.
636:
Among the ships despatched by Cochrane was the 40-gun frigate
199:, a Spanish campaign to drive the French out of the island of
1626:
1460:
In total the British had lost eight killed and 16 wounded on
948:
to assess the depth of the entrance to the bay while he in
660:
92:
1597:
on 19 December. In January 1810, the blockade tightened:
168:
and numerous smaller ships by the end of February 1809.
2065:
The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 5, 1808–1811
2130:
Naval battles of the Napoleonic Wars involving France
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anchorage, other batteries opened fire, one striking
1278:
St Lucia • Tobago • Demerara • Essequibo and Berbice
543:
St Lucia • Tobago • Demerara • Essequibo and Berbice
1581:were both captured and Roquebert killed in action.
1256:
521:
1613:. By 27 January, Cochrane's preparations for the
978:
2121:
1242:
933:off Pointe Lizard. Captain William Dowers of
685:within range, opened a destructive fire from
507:
1813:James and Chamier (1837), Vol. 5, pp.186-87.
1645:James, in his report on the engagement with
795:
2008:The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. IV
1605:from inside the harbour at Basse-Terre and
1385:on Martinique under the command of Captain
268:
16:1809 failed French supply run to Guadeloupe
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712:took up stations fore and aft, repeatedly
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708:attacked her from the other side and the
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993:Roquebert's expedition to the Caribbean:
279:Roquebert's expedition to the Caribbean:
18:
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2001:
1777:
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776:losing 15 killed and three wounded and
183:was trapped and then defeated near the
31:Roquebert's expedition to the Caribbean
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2081:
2018:
1982:
1963:
1874:
1825:
1468:, and an uncertain number lost in the
751:Within ten minutes of the first shot,
152:colonies, particularly the islands of
41:in December 1809 at the height of the
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1945:
1904:
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1846:
1837:
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877:arrived off Basse-Terre, the frigate
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181:a major French reinforcement squadron
1954:
1941:. 26 January 1849. pp. 236–245.
1768:
1744:
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1708:
1140:with support from batteries on shore
862:joined the squadron. Ballard placed
827:under Captain George Miller and the
101:, which had witnessed the defeat of
1925:
1717:
1699:
33:was an unsuccessful operation by a
13:
2155:1809 in the French colonial empire
1609:seized several coastal vessels in
45:. Over the previous year, British
37:squadron to transport supplies to
14:
2171:
1983:Adkins, Roy & Lesley (2006).
1922:Troude (1867), Vol. 6, pp.80-81.
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1082:
380:
368:
2041:Gardiner, Robert, ed. (2001) .
1916:
1816:
1807:
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1639:
1260:Caribbean campaign of 1803–1810
525:Caribbean campaign of 1803–1810
54:. Two of the ships were 20-gun
2088:Batailles navales de la France
720:had been some distance behind
700:to inflict maximum damage. As
1:
1976:
1593:captured on 14 December and
1221:At least 9 killed, 22 wounded
689:that caused severe damage to
131:
1822:Troude (1867), Vol. 6, p.79.
1692:
1491:
919:At daylight on 17 December,
187:in April: the French lost a
7:
1561:, and Roquebert's squadron
1559:already captured the island
1486:Naval General Service Medal
975:joined Ballard's squadron.
792:suffered no losses at all.
780:six killed and 15 wounded.
237:Joseph Normand-Kergré, and
10:
2176:
1985:The War for All the Oceans
1565:and brought to battle off
1543:and on 23 January reached
995:Action of 18 December 1809
704:closed with the flagship,
653:action of 10 February 1809
281:Action of 13 December 1809
2067:. Conway Maritime Press.
1657:both fired their guns at
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796:Operations off Guadeloupe
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2103:. Constable Publishers.
1632:
1563:was ambushed in May 1811
2083:Troude, Onésime-Joachim
2043:The Victory of Seapower
900:and the encounter with
482:20 killed, 40 wounded,
241:, under the command of
233:, under the command of
2026:. Chatham Publishing.
2013:edward pelham brenton.
2003:Brenton, Edward Pelham
1615:invasion of Guadeloupe
1355:Roquebert's expedition
1107:Commanders and leaders
620:Roquebert's expedition
393:Commanders and leaders
243:lieutenant de vaisseau
235:lieutenant de vaisseau
205:Sir Alexander Cochrane
27:
2150:1809 in the Caribbean
2020:Clowes, William Laird
1205:Casualties and losses
1047:16.24028°N 61.32361°W
873:On the same day that
811:Volant Vashon Ballard
479:21 killed, 18 wounded
474:Casualties and losses
229:. Two French flûtes,
111:Volant Vashon Ballard
22:
2160:Military expeditions
1470:amphibious operation
1453:Cameron, captain of
1387:Samuel James Ballard
1117:Samuel James Ballard
804:had been destroyed,
177:invaded and captured
125:Samuel James Ballard
2145:1800s in Guadeloupe
2045:. Caxton Editions.
1512: /
1350:Troude's expedition
1052:16.24028; -61.32361
1043: /
615:Troude's expedition
329: /
269:Destruction of HMS
263:Jacques Saint-Cricq
1938:The London Gazette
1601:captured the brig
1315:Danish West Indies
1159:with support from
716:the British ship.
580:Danish West Indies
400:François Roquebert
253:François Roquebert
251:, under Commodore
52:François Roquebert
28:
2140:Conflicts in 1809
2091:. Challamel ainé.
1516:40.833°N 12.150°W
1464:, six wounded on
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2101:The Sea Warriors
2097:Woodman, Richard
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971:) under Captain
846:Îles des Saintes
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185:Îles des Saintes
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68:on 13 December.
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1960:Gardiner, p. 99
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1871:Woodman, p. 244
1870:
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1842:
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1834:Clowes, p. 447.
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1785:
1780:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1753:Woodman, p. 243
1752:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:Gardiner, p. 75
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:Gardiner, p. 17
1704:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1649:, reports that
1644:
1640:
1635:
1619:George Beckwith
1521:40.833; -12.150
1520:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1369:
1364:
1345:Leeward Islands
1264:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1093:
1081:
1067:British victory
1059:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1002:Napoleonic Wars
994:
988:
979:Destruction of
813:in the frigate
798:
755:
693:
672:Spanish colours
634:
629:
610:Leeward Islands
529:
524:
522:
520:
410:
379:
367:
345:
338:17.300; -57.000
337:
335:
331:
328:
323:
320:
318:
316:
315:
288:Napoleonic Wars
280:
274:
138:Napoleonic Wars
134:
72:
43:Napoleonic Wars
17:
12:
11:
5:
2173:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2093:
2079:
2073:
2061:James, William
2057:
2051:
2038:
2032:
2016:
1999:
1993:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:Adkins, p. 333
1962:
1953:
1944:
1924:
1915:
1903:
1889:
1887:Clowes, p. 448
1873:
1861:
1845:
1836:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1792:
1783:
1767:
1765:Clowes, p. 446
1755:
1743:
1734:
1732:Clowes, p. 283
1725:
1716:
1707:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1670:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1535:under Captain
1493:
1490:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1273:Saint-Domingue
1269:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1141:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1101:United Kingdom
1091:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1005:
1004:
997:
996:
987:
977:
797:
794:
645:John Shortland
643:under Captain
631:
630:
628:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
538:Saint-Domingue
534:
531:
530:
519:
518:
511:
504:
496:
488:
487:
480:
476:
475:
471:
470:
452:
422:
421:
417:
416:
406:John Shortland
402:
395:
394:
390:
389:
387:United Kingdom
377:
364:
363:
359:
358:
355:
354:
353:French victory
351:
347:
346:
309:
307:
303:
302:
299:
291:
290:
283:
282:
273:
267:
133:
130:
123:under Captain
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2172:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2112:
2110:1-84119-183-3
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2074:0-85177-909-3
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2052:1-84067-359-1
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2033:1-86176-014-0
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1994:0-349-11916-3
1990:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1966:
1957:
1951:James, p. 192
1948:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1919:
1913:James, p. 191
1910:
1908:
1901:James, p. 190
1898:
1896:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1859:James, p. 189
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1843:James, p. 188
1840:
1831:
1829:
1819:
1810:
1804:James, p. 187
1801:
1799:
1797:
1787:
1781:James, p. 186
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1741:James, p. 167
1738:
1729:
1720:
1714:James, p. 206
1711:
1702:
1698:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1623:Manuel Ernouf
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:Île de France
1552:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1525:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1407:Royal Marines
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:arrived from
1380:
1379:
1374:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1330:French Guiana
1328:
1326:
1325:Santo Domingo
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1309:Jeune Richard
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1089:French Empire
1085:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
982:
976:
974:
970:
966:
965:
959:
955:
951:
947:
946:
941:
936:
932:
927:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
860:
854:
853:
847:
843:
842:
836:
835:
830:
826:
825:
819:
818:
812:
807:
803:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
762:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
668:
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
595:French Guiana
593:
591:
590:Santo Domingo
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
575:
574:Jeune Richard
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
532:
527:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
498:
497:
494:
485:
481:
478:
477:
472:
469:
468:
462:
461:
456:
453:
450:
449:
444:
443:
438:
437:
432:
431:
427:
424:
423:
418:
415:
413:
407:
403:
401:
397:
396:
391:
388:
383:
378:
376:
375:French Empire
371:
366:
365:
360:
352:
349:
348:
342:
313:
308:
305:
304:
300:
297:
296:
292:
289:
284:
277:
272:
266:
264:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:Santo Domingo
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
162:Caribbean Sea
159:
155:
151:
147:
146:French Empire
143:
139:
129:
126:
122:
121:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
83:
78:
71:
67:
66:
59:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
26:
21:
2117:
2100:
2087:
2064:
2042:
2023:
2012:
2007:
1984:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1839:
1818:
1809:
1786:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1611:Baie-Mahault
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1548:
1540:
1537:Edward Brace
1531:
1495:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1377:
1370:
1354:
1335:Pointe Noire
1320:Palo Hincado
1308:
1288:Diamond Rock
1215:
1211:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1135:
1129:
1076:Belligerents
1000:Part of the
984:
980:
968:
963:
957:
953:
949:
944:
934:
930:
920:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
885:
880:
874:
872:
867:
863:
858:
851:
840:
833:
823:
816:
805:
801:
799:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
760:
752:
750:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
709:
705:
701:
697:
690:
686:
682:
680:
675:
665:
648:
639:
635:
619:
600:Pointe Noire
585:Palo Hincado
573:
553:Diamond Rock
483:
466:
459:
446:
440:
434:
428:
411:
362:Belligerents
286:Part of the
270:
256:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
224:
215:
170:
135:
119:
115:
102:
97:
87:
81:
76:
69:
64:
60:
35:French naval
30:
29:
2011:. C. Rice.
1933:"No. 20939"
1519: /
1293:San Domingo
1050: /
890:La Désirade
875:Observateur
806:Observateur
790:Observateur
734:Observateur
718:Observateur
666:Observateur
558:San Domingo
467:Observateur
336: /
209:Basse-Terre
193:Reconquista
150:West Indian
136:During the
107:Basse-Terre
98:Observateur
25:Sainte-Anne
2124:Categories
1987:. Abacus.
1977:References
1571:Madagascar
1444:By 17:10,
1383:Fort Royal
1360:Guadeloupe
1340:Martinique
1038:61°19′25″W
1035:16°14′25″N
1026:Guadeloupe
973:John Hayes
788:, and HMS
763:. Pulling
625:Guadeloupe
605:Martinique
486:destroyed.
398:Commodore
201:Hispaniola
158:Guadeloupe
154:Martinique
142:Royal Navy
132:Background
47:Royal Navy
39:Guadeloupe
2063:(2002) .
2022:(1997) .
1693:Citations
1595:Papillion
1492:Aftermath
1218:destroyed
1210:Unknown,
1198:Elizabeth
1196:HMS
1182:HMS
962:HMS
958:Elizabeth
945:Elizabeth
943:HMS
926:batteries
857:HMS
850:HMS
839:HMS
832:HMS
800:Although
736:escaped,
638:HMS
463:and brig
458:HMS
439:, flûtes
118:HMS
63:HMS
2099:(2001).
2085:(1867).
2005:(1825).
1599:Scorpion
1591:Béarnais
1583:Clorinde
1567:Tamatave
1541:Virginie
1532:Virginie
1177:Ringdove
1144:frigates
1123:Strength
1115:Captain
1020:Location
940:schooner
935:Ringdove
931:Ringdove
906:Clorinde
868:Ringdove
859:Scorpion
852:Ringdove
778:Clorinde
774:Renommée
761:Clorinde
726:Clorinde
706:Clorinde
698:Renommée
687:Renommée
436:Clorinde
430:Renommée
426:frigates
420:Strength
404:Captain
310:East of
306:Location
258:Clorinde
248:Renommée
220:Deshaies
213:corvette
173:Barbados
166:frigates
1579:Renomée
1575:Néréide
1550:Néréide
1507:12°09′W
1504:40°50′N
1439:Sceptre
1399:Sceptre
1378:Sceptre
1283:Surinam
1163:Sceptre
1128:Flûtes
746:muskets
657:Antigua
548:Surinam
455:frigate
412:†
324:57°00′W
321:17°18′N
312:Antigua
120:Sceptre
2107:
2071:
2049:
2030:
1991:
1607:Freija
1603:Oreste
1466:Thetis
1462:Blonde
1455:Hazard
1450:Blonde
1446:Thetis
1435:Thetis
1431:Thetis
1426:Thetis
1422:Blonde
1418:Thetis
1414:Blonde
1403:Freija
1395:Thetis
1391:Blonde
1303:Samaná
1298:Havana
1191:Cygnet
1184:Hazard
1170:Freija
1156:Blonde
1149:Thetis
1064:Result
969:Freija
954:Blonde
950:Blonde
921:Blonde
902:Castor
894:Castor
881:Castor
864:Hazard
841:Cygnet
834:Hazard
829:sloops
824:Thetis
817:Blonde
714:raking
710:flûtes
568:Samaná
563:Havana
408:
350:Result
255:, and
227:Nantes
140:, the
56:flûtes
1683:Loire
1679:Seine
1666:'
1663:Junon
1659:Junon
1655:Seine
1651:Loire
1647:Junon
1633:Notes
1627:Haiti
1545:Brest
1482:Junon
1478:Seine
1474:Loire
1216:Seine
1212:Loire
1137:Seine
1131:Loire
985:Seine
981:Loire
964:Freya
914:Seine
910:Loire
898:Junon
888:near
886:Ariel
802:Junon
786:Seine
782:Loire
770:Junon
765:Junon
756:'
753:Junon
742:Junon
738:Junon
730:Junon
722:Junon
702:Junon
694:'
691:Junon
683:Junon
676:Junon
649:Junon
640:Junon
484:Junon
460:Junon
448:Seine
442:Loire
271:Junon
239:Seine
231:Loire
218:from
216:Nisus
103:Junon
88:Seine
82:Loire
77:Junon
73:'
70:Junon
65:Junon
2105:ISBN
2069:ISBN
2047:ISBN
2028:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1653:and
1577:and
1530:HMS
1476:and
1448:and
1416:and
1401:and
1393:and
1376:HMS
1214:and
1194:and
1189:HMS
1175:HMS
1168:HMS
1161:HMS
1154:HMS
1152:and
1147:HMS
1134:and
1012:Date
983:and
967:(or
956:and
912:and
879:HMS
866:and
855:and
837:and
822:HMS
815:HMS
664:HMS
661:brig
465:HMS
445:and
433:and
298:Date
156:and
96:HMS
93:brig
85:and
1569:in
1553:to
195:in
2126::
1935:.
1906:^
1892:^
1876:^
1864:^
1848:^
1827:^
1795:^
1770:^
1758:^
1746:^
1629:.
1573:.
1187:,
1180:,
1173:,
1166:,
784:,
647:.
314:,
2113:.
2077:.
2055:.
2036:.
1997:.
1250:e
1243:t
1236:v
515:e
508:t
501:v
451:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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