175:
465:
42:
702:
378:
189:
843:. He establishes the positive correlation between sunspots and chromospheric flares, providing evidence that the occurrence of a chromospheric flare becomes increasingly probable in areas where sunspots are larger. In the years 1947-1948, Giovanelli published two more research papers further developing the reconnection model of the sun's magnetosphere. In these works, he also proposes a flare theory involving points of neutrality within magnetic fields.
527:, and other properties. He wanted to take the sun's measurements over time in the shortest amount of time possible. The execution of these measurements entailed specialised strategies and optical equipment. To carry this out, they required filters that would have extremely high resolutions in order to create an image of the sun. In collaboration with various other physicists, Giovanelli designed and created a 1/8 Å birefringent filter.
203:
870:. The English version of 'Secrets of the Sun' was published posthumously in 1984, with the German edition 'Geheimnisvolle Sonne' being published in 1987. 'Secrets of the Sun' was designed as a book for laymen, written without highly technical terminology, scientific jargon or mathematical equations so that it would be comprehended by non-scientists and non-specialists.
820:, which was attended by more than a hundred scientists from over a dozen countries. According to the official records for this conference, it was during this event that Giovanelli was honoured for originating this concept, 37 years after his first published work, documenting the effect. Magnetic reconnection occurs when
567:
by aircraft pilots and gunners. He solved this problem by illuminating instrument panels with red light of a specific intensity. He was one of many
Australian scientists responsible for the production of high-grade optical glass during this time, as well as the measurement of their refractive indices
562:
for anti-aircraft spotters, with the purpose of preventing eye damage of spotters who had to observe aircraft coming from the direction of the sun in tropic environments. This was carried out by using tinted lenses, and integrating a centrepiece made of dark glass covering the sun. Another war-time
511:
meant that the NSL's tasks were diverted from creating measurement standards towards more urgent war-time national defence projects. The
National Standards Laboratory was then declared as a full division in the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in 1945.
314:
during the 1850s. He settled and married in Sydney, with his wife giving birth to their son George Henry in 1857. George Henry would go on to marry Lucy Ellen Arkey and have eight children, with Irwin
Wilfred, Ronald's father, being born on 7 August 1887.
422:
under the supervision of George Henry Briggs, who was
Officer-in-Charge of the Physics division of the NSL during that time. The purpose of the assignment was to gain experience that could assist them in accomplishing this task. Giovanelli sailed for
752:, a colloquium was held in commemoration of Giovanelli, entitled "Past Progress and Future Developments in Solar and Stellar Atmospheric Physics." The colloquium was attended by 40 astronomers from both Australia and overseas countries including
414:. Giovanelli and eight other scientists were recruited by the CSIR as research scholars to develop the NSL, primarily tasked with being able to establish national standards of measurement. The nine scientists were to work at the
642:
During this time, he had established and employed the Line-Centre-Magnetogram (LCM) strategy in order to distinguish and separate magnetic and non-magnetic constituents. The LCM scheme is founded on the observation of the
405:
from 1937 to 1939, while he was completing his master's degree. His role as a research fellow at the observatory developed his interest in solar active regions and optical astronomy. He also served as a physics teacher at
326:
Irwin
Wilfred earned respect and recognition as a teacher, and started serving as a headmaster at various schools in the country. With his father becoming a headmaster, Ronald attended a variety of schools in the towns of
579:, universities were rapidly expanding in Australia, resulting in a scarcity of optical scientific equipment for use in the education sector. Giovanelli directed the testing of more than a thousand
835:. Giovanelli published an article in 1946 proposing that the production of chromospheric flares are contingent on the energy obtained by these charged particles when operating within induced
846:
Giovanelli's concept of magnetic reconnection has since been utilised for modern solar astronomic research, and has been further developed in a series of published research articles.
374:. Katherine was a painter, and also served as one of his laboratory assistants. The pair had two children — Lesley Anne, born December 1948, and Philip Gordon, born November 1950.
611:
in 1964 and again in 1982. Giovanelli worked as a professor of physics at
Wollongong University College during the academic year 1968, which was considered a college of
343:. He was made prefect based on his academic performance. During his time in school, Ronald started taking an interest in music and sports, playing the piano and tennis.
1850:
266:, which recognises distinguished contributions by scientists under the age of 35 in their respective fields. He was also elected into the Fellowship of the
854:
Towards his death, Giovanelli was working on a monograph entitled 'Secrets of the Sun', which discusses and explains in detail the subject matters of the
615:
up until 1974. He was also a member of
University of New South Wales' professorial board, and gave lectures on astronomy at the university twice a week.
783:, but was unable to do so due to ill health. He instead prepared a videotaped speech, which was screened at the Tucson colloquium, where he discusses
595:
Giovanelli was involved in academia across several institutions. He was appointed as
Honorary Associate of the Department of Applied Mathematics at
1781:
1611:
1472:
764:. At one point during this colloquium, all attendees congregated around a sundial located at the grounds of the Division of Applied Physics of the
500:
366:
in 1939 and 1950, respectively. While obtaining these degrees, Giovanelli conducted a lot of scientific research, for which he was awarded the
468:
415:
339:
in New South Wales during his early years. Upon turning 12 years old, he moved from the country to Sydney to board privately while attending
568:
and homogeneity which resulted in
Australia's war requirements being met, and enabling the establishment of optical industries during the
664:
355:
1317:
285:
from 1973 to 1976. He served as
Chairman of the Australian National Committee for Solar-Terrestrial Physics in 1973, and from 1979–81.
277:
from 1958 to 1976, during which he also became Chairman of the Australian National Committee from 1962–1965, President of the
943:
323:
775:, a second Ronald Giovanelli commemoration colloquium was held. Giovanelli was scheduled to give a speech on the subject of
1840:
619:
515:
In 1956, Giovanelli established a small observatory in Fleurs. During this time, Giovanelli desired to measure the sun's
63:
930:
672:
587:. Giovanelli and Steel were responsible for establishing the microscopes' objective's standard of optical performance.
492:
1809:
1654:
278:
1576:
Bulanov, S.V., Dogiel, V.A. & Frank, A.G. (15 May 1983). "Solar Flares and Magnetic Reconnection Experiments".
282:
259:
174:
824:
permeates magnetic boundaries, with the resulting magnetised plasmas flowing towards each other and integrating.
734:
410:
from 1939 to 1940. In 1938, The Commonwealth government created a National Standards Laboratory (NSL) within the
227:
1343:
634:
for six months in 1975 and 1979, and for a year in 1981, where he was involved with measuring the velocities of
1845:
1437:
Mozer, F.S., & Pritchett, P.L. (June 2010). "Magnetic field reconnection: A first-principles perspective".
935:
813:
627:
733:, a stream of workshops on the subject was held in honour of Giovanelli at the sixth National Congress of the
742:
612:
267:
223:
159:
47:
32:
706:
692:
1746:
Hesse, M. & Schindler, K. (1 June 1988). "A theoretical foundation of general magnetic reconnection".
710:
464:
458:
319:
76:
358:
in Mathematics and Physics in 1937. He proceeded to do a master's degree and doctorate, obtaining his
398:
371:
439:. During his time in the British National Physical Laboratory, he attended scientific symposiums in
1182:. Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
668:
596:
507:
He returned to a newly-constructed NSL building within the University of Sydney. The occurrence of
407:
382:
332:
299:
111:
100:
583:
to be used for teaching, in collaboration with W.H. Steel at the National Standards Laboratory in
1195:
1177:
1119:
925:
448:
340:
336:
328:
96:
41:
780:
436:
827:
Giovanelli introduced the concept of magnetic reconnection as potentially being mechanism for
1775:
1605:
1466:
828:
809:
784:
776:
768:
in order to take part in a ceremony of dedication and tribute to Ronald Giovanelli's memory.
461:
due to the earlier work he conducted during his stint at the Commonwealth Solar Observatory.
370:. He married Katherine Hazel Gordon on 8 February 1947 at St. Michael's Church of England in
367:
255:
143:
1151:
701:
1835:
1830:
1755:
1720:
1683:
1634:
1548:
1498:
1446:
1255:
1049:
1021:
676:
623:
347:
604:
8:
652:
547:
472:
351:
51:
1759:
1724:
1687:
1638:
1552:
1502:
1450:
1374:
1259:
1025:
1711:
Dungey, J.W. (15 January 1961). "Interplanetary Magnetic Field and the Auroral Zones".
1593:
1514:
1273:
982:
688:
377:
247:
1646:
250:, and astronomical optics. His career spanned more than 40 years, commencing prior to
1805:
1650:
1597:
1589:
1277:
1243:
957:
949:
939:
656:
440:
363:
359:
219:
28:
1763:
1728:
1691:
1642:
1585:
1556:
1518:
1506:
1454:
1417:
1355:
1263:
1029:
821:
788:
648:
635:
564:
504:
452:
346:
After finishing his studies in Fort Street Boys' High School, he decided to attend
208:
1537:"Magnetic and Electric Phenomena in the Sun's Atmosphere associated with Sunspots"
1217:
772:
1804:. Great Britain: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. pp. 1–26.
886:
867:
836:
538:
As Senior Principal Research Scientist and Leader of the Light division of the
455:
194:
180:
1696:
1671:
1561:
1536:
1268:
1184:
first published in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 17, (MUP), 2007.
1034:
1009:
1824:
1732:
1575:
953:
757:
730:
718:
644:
600:
488:
402:
243:
1767:
961:
753:
655:. In 1982, Giovanelli gave lectures at various observatories including the
576:
555:
531:
508:
281:
from 1968 to 1971, and President of Commission 12 (Solar Radiation) of the
263:
251:
239:
121:
1229:
1080:
542:, Giovanelli contributed greatly to Australian Standards in the fields of
1422:
1405:
1359:
859:
832:
551:
520:
812:. In October 1983, a magnetic reconnection conference took place at the
817:
580:
419:
231:
230:; 30 April 1915 — 27 January 1984) was an Australian solar researcher,
1458:
306:, and Gertrude May. Ronald's great-grandfather Giuseppe migrated from
188:
1510:
1489:
Giovanelli, R.G. (20 July 1946). "A Theory of Chromospheric Flares".
722:
639:
503:(now known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology) in
235:
741:
on August 1984. These workshops operated in co-sponsorship with the
275:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
1344:"J.J. McNeill and the Development of Optical Research in Australia"
738:
603:, and overseeing their PhD courses. He was a visiting professor at
569:
524:
516:
394:
563:
project that Giovanelli engaged in was concerned with issues over
318:
Irwin Wilfred attended school in Grafton, and proceeded to attend
863:
840:
792:
726:
631:
618:
From 1964-1965, Giovanelli served as a visiting scientist at the
559:
424:
307:
303:
1625:
Yokoyama, T. (2005). "Solar Flares and Magnetic Reconnection".
761:
749:
696:
599:
in 1959, where he was responsible for working with students of
584:
543:
496:
484:
480:
444:
428:
311:
125:
1745:
765:
660:
608:
539:
432:
411:
274:
1672:"Comparison of current disruption and magnetic reconnection"
1149:
412:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
273:
Giovanelli served as Chief of the Physics Division of the
855:
808:
Giovanelli is credited with originating the principle of
322:. With this training, he became a mathematics teacher at
717:
Following his death, various tributes were made in the
302:. He was the only child of Irwin Wilfred Giovanelli, a
270:
in 1962 for his contributions in the field of physics.
298:
Ronald Gordon Giovanelli was born on 30 April 1915 in
1248:
Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of Australia
1014:
Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of Australia
170:
798:
665:
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian
647:. In that same year, Giovanelli gave a lecture on
1541:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1156:Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre
1822:
1130:– via Australian Science Archives Project.
622:(now known as the Leibniz Institute) located in
1748:Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
1375:"Ronald Gordon Giovanelli [1915-1984]"
887:"Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science"
1241:
1218:Giovanelli, R. G. (Ronald Gordon) (1915–1984)
1851:Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
1780:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1610:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1471:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
558:was the creation and development of special
401:(now known as Mount Stromlo Observatory) at
1436:
1193:
1150:McCann, D. & McCarthy G. (April 2004).
729:. For his contribution to the knowledge on
293:
254:. Giovanelli was the recipient of the 1949
160:Fellowship of Australian Academy of Science
1799:
1534:
1488:
1117:
934:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
626:. He was also a visiting scientist at the
530:
427:in February 1940, where he specialised in
40:
1695:
1560:
1421:
1267:
1152:"Provenance 1 - Ronald Gordon Giovanelli"
1081:"Giovanelli, Ronald Gordon (1915 - 1984)"
1033:
1624:
1348:Historical Records of Australian Science
1206:Historical Records of Australian Science
1200:Biographical Memoirs of Deceased Fellows
1124:Historical Records of Australian Science
1078:
1007:
803:
700:
475:, where Ronald Giovanelli studied optics
463:
376:
1235:
1175:
926:"Giovanelli, Ronald Gordon (1915-1984)"
1823:
1710:
1341:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1307:
725:for his contributions to the field of
554:. One of Giovanelli's projects during
1795:
1793:
1791:
1530:
1528:
1484:
1482:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1232:, Encyclopaedia of Australian Science
1230:Giovanelli, Ronald Gordon (1915–1984)
1211:
1179:Giovanelli, Ronald Gordon (1915–1984)
849:
682:
1403:
1372:
1318:"Ronald Gordon Giovanelli 1915-1984"
1223:
1196:"Ronald Gordon Giovanelli 1915–1984"
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1120:"Ronald Gordon Giovanelli 1915-1984"
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1074:
1072:
1070:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
748:On the 26th to 29 November, 1984 in
416:British National Physical Laboratory
1669:
1410:Eos: Earth & Space Science News
1187:
771:On the 17th to 18 January, 1985 in
493:National Research Council of Canada
238:, who contributed to the fields of
64:Grafton, New South Wales, Australia
13:
1788:
1525:
1479:
1406:"Magnetic Reconnection in Plasmas"
1392:
1284:
1169:
1085:Encyclopedia of Australian Science
1079:McCarthy, G.J. (20 October 1993).
931:Australian Dictionary of Biography
923:
673:California Institute of Technology
354:, and subsequently graduated with
14:
1862:
1134:
1098:
1067:
904:
613:The University of New South Wales
279:Astronomical Society of Australia
1202:. Australian Academy of Science.
799:Notable works and modern impacts
469:The National Physical Laboratory
381:Ronald Giovanelli's Alma mater,
283:International Astronomical Union
260:Royal Society of New South Wales
201:
187:
173:
135:Katherine Hazel Gordon (m. 1947)
1739:
1704:
1670:Lui, A.T.Y. (1 December 2015).
1663:
1618:
1569:
1430:
1366:
1335:
735:Australian Institute of Physics
713:, where Giovanelli died in 1984
1042:
1001:
975:
936:Australian National University
879:
814:Los Alamos National Laboratory
628:Kitt Peak National Observatory
399:Commonwealth Solar Observatory
393:Giovanelli was appointed as a
16:Physicist and solar researcher
1:
1647:10.1016/S0964-2749(05)80024-1
1404:Birn, Joachim (3 June 2011).
1373:Ward, Colin (11 March 2011).
1342:Bolton, H (1 December 1983).
1322:Australian Academy of Science
987:Australian Academy of Science
983:"Professor Ronald Giovanelli"
891:Australian Academy of Science
873:
743:Australian Academy of Science
420:Teddington, South West London
341:Fort Street Boys' High School
268:Australian Academy of Science
48:Australian Academy of Science
1244:"Obituary - Giovanelli, Ron"
779:at an earlier colloquium in
707:Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
693:Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
501:National Bureau of Standards
451:, where he was able to meet
288:
7:
1208:, vol 6, no 2, 1985, p 223.
1050:"The Edgeworth David Medal"
1010:"Obituary - Giovanelli Ron"
687:Giovanelli died of chronic
590:
449:The University of Cambridge
77:Camperdown, New South Wales
10:
1867:
1841:Australian astrophysicists
1590:10.1088/0031-8949/29/1/011
839:within close proximity of
691:on 27 January 1984 at the
1800:Giovanelli, R.G. (1984).
1697:10.1186/s40562-015-0031-2
1535:Giovanelli, R.G. (1947).
1269:10.1017/S1323358000026801
1118:Piddington, J.H. (1985).
1035:10.1017/S1323358000026801
731:solar-terrestrial physics
388:
165:
154:
150:
139:
131:
117:
107:
92:
84:
79:27 January 1984 (aged 69)
71:
58:
39:
23:
1733:10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.47
1204:originally published in
1054:The Royal Society of NSW
597:The University of Sydney
408:Sydney Technical College
383:The University of Sydney
348:The University of Sydney
320:Sydney Teacher's College
300:Grafton, New South Wales
294:Early life and education
216:Ronald Gordon Giovanelli
112:The University of Sydney
101:The University of Sydney
25:Ronald Gordon Giovanelli
1768:10.1029/JA093iA06p05559
1713:Physical Review Letters
1627:COSPAR Colloquia Series
1562:10.1093/mnras/107.4.338
1008:Sheridan, K.V. (1985).
491:, where he visited the
479:Giovanelli returned to
403:Mount Stromlo, Canberra
97:Fort Street High School
1242:K.V. Sheridan (1985).
781:Los Alamos, New Mexico
737:, which took place in
714:
657:Observatoire de Meudon
624:Freiburg, West Germany
476:
447:, as well as visiting
385:
262:for the discipline of
46:The Shine Dome at the
1846:Australian scientists
829:particle acceleration
810:magnetic reconnection
804:Magnetic Reconnection
785:magnetic reconnection
777:magnetic reconnection
704:
467:
441:The Royal Institution
380:
368:Edgeworth David Medal
350:, where he studied a
256:Edgeworth David Medal
144:Edgeworth David Medal
1423:10.1029/2002EO000175
1360:10.1071/HR9830540055
677:Pasadena, California
453:Sir Arthur Eddington
324:Grafton High School.
1760:1988JGR....93.5559H
1725:1961PhRvL...6...47D
1688:2015GSL.....2...14L
1639:2005fmpp.conf..147Y
1553:1947MNRAS.107..338G
1503:1946Natur.158...81G
1451:2010PhT....63f..34M
1260:1985PASA....6..112S
1026:1985PASA....6..112S
653:La Trobe University
645:Zeeman polarisation
620:Fraunhofer-Institut
473:Teddington, England
356:First Class Honours
352:Bachelor of Science
52:Canberra, Australia
1802:Secrets of the Sun
1676:Geoscience Letters
1362:– via CSIRO.
1220:, trove.nla.gov.au
850:Secrets of the Sun
715:
697:Sydney, Australia.
689:pulmonary fibrosis
683:Death and Tributes
669:Cambridge, MA, USA
477:
386:
248:radiative transfer
1754:(A6): 5559–5567.
1459:10.1063/1.3455250
1316:Piddington, J.H.
1194:J.H. Piddington.
945:978-0-522-84459-7
789:solar prominences
671:, as well as the
605:Collège de France
169:
168:
1858:
1816:
1815:
1797:
1786:
1785:
1779:
1771:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1511:10.1038/158081a0
1486:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1462:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1401:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1313:
1282:
1281:
1271:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1147:
1132:
1131:
1115:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1076:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
921:
902:
901:
899:
897:
883:
505:Washington, D.C.
211:
209:Astronomy portal
206:
205:
204:
197:
192:
191:
183:
178:
177:
44:
21:
20:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1798:
1789:
1773:
1772:
1744:
1740:
1709:
1705:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1623:
1619:
1603:
1602:
1578:Physica Scripta
1574:
1570:
1533:
1526:
1497:(4003): 81–82.
1487:
1480:
1464:
1463:
1435:
1431:
1402:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1371:
1367:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1314:
1285:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1192:
1188:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1148:
1135:
1116:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1077:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
981:
980:
976:
966:
964:
946:
922:
905:
895:
893:
885:
884:
880:
876:
868:magnetic fields
856:sun's structure
852:
837:electric fields
818:New Mexico, USA
806:
801:
773:Tucson, Arizona
685:
593:
565:dark adaptation
536:
391:
296:
291:
207:
202:
200:
193:
186:
179:
172:
108:Alma mater
80:
67:
54:
35:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1864:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1787:
1738:
1703:
1662:
1655:
1617:
1568:
1547:(4): 338–355.
1524:
1478:
1429:
1391:
1365:
1334:
1283:
1254:(1): 112–113.
1234:
1222:
1210:
1186:
1168:
1133:
1097:
1066:
1041:
1000:
974:
944:
903:
877:
875:
872:
851:
848:
805:
802:
800:
797:
684:
681:
667:at Harvard in
649:plasma physics
592:
589:
535:
529:
397:fellow at the
390:
387:
308:Ravenna, Italy
295:
292:
290:
287:
213:
212:
198:
195:Science portal
184:
181:Physics portal
167:
166:
163:
162:
156:
152:
151:
148:
147:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
119:
118:Known for
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
75:
73:
69:
68:
62:
60:
56:
55:
45:
37:
36:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1863:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1813:
1811:0-521-25521-X
1807:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1656:9780080445731
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:Physics Today
1433:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1176:W.R. Blevin.
1172:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
988:
984:
978:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
941:
937:
933:
932:
927:
924:Blevin, W.R.
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
892:
888:
882:
878:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
847:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
712:
708:
703:
699:
698:
694:
690:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:Paris, France
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
638:contained in
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:solar physics
598:
588:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
513:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
489:United States
486:
482:
474:
470:
466:
462:
460:
457:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
400:
396:
384:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
321:
316:
313:
309:
305:
304:schoolteacher
301:
286:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:solar physics
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:/dʒoʊvɑ’nɛli/
225:
221:
217:
210:
199:
196:
190:
185:
182:
176:
171:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:(1933 — 1937)
102:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
78:
74:
70:
66:30 April 1915
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
34:
30:
22:
19:
1801:
1776:cite journal
1751:
1747:
1741:
1719:(2): 47–48.
1716:
1712:
1706:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1606:cite journal
1581:
1577:
1571:
1544:
1540:
1494:
1490:
1467:cite journal
1445:(6): 34–39.
1442:
1438:
1432:
1413:
1409:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:
1368:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1205:
1199:
1189:
1178:
1171:
1159:. Retrieved
1155:
1127:
1123:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:
1044:
1017:
1013:
1003:
991:. Retrieved
986:
977:
965:. Retrieved
929:
894:. Retrieved
890:
881:
860:solar flares
853:
845:
833:solar flares
826:
807:
770:
754:West Germany
747:
716:
686:
632:Arizona, USA
617:
594:
577:World War II
574:
556:World War II
537:
532:World War II
514:
509:World War II
483:in 1941 via
478:
392:
345:
317:
297:
272:
264:astrophysics
252:World War II
240:astrophysics
215:
214:
122:Astrophysics
18:
1836:1984 deaths
1831:1915 births
1633:: 147–157.
1416:(22): 250.
1384:14 February
1327:17 February
640:flux tubes.
581:microscopes
552:colorimetry
521:temperature
85:Nationality
1825:Categories
1379:CSIROpedia
1161:31 January
1090:27 January
1059:27 January
1020:(1): 112.
993:28 January
967:27 January
896:24 January
874:References
711:Camperdown
548:photometry
534:endeavours
499:, and the
437:photometry
232:astronomer
88:Australian
1598:250762754
1584:: 66–67.
1354:(4): 55.
1278:251053289
954:1833-7538
723:Australia
289:Biography
236:physicist
93:Education
962:70677943
864:sunspots
841:sunspots
793:sunspots
739:Brisbane
591:Academia
572:period.
570:post-war
525:pressure
517:velocity
487:and the
395:research
372:Vaucluse
1756:Bibcode
1721:Bibcode
1684:Bibcode
1635:Bibcode
1549:Bibcode
1519:4139384
1499:Bibcode
1447:Bibcode
1256:Bibcode
1022:Bibcode
727:science
560:goggles
425:England
333:Trundle
258:by the
155:Elected
1808:
1682:: 14.
1653:
1596:
1517:
1491:Nature
1276:
989:. 1962
960:
952:
942:
866:, and
822:plasma
791:, and
762:France
760:, and
750:Sydney
663:, the
636:plasma
585:Sydney
575:After
550:, and
544:optics
497:Ottawa
485:Canada
481:Sydney
445:London
435:, and
429:optics
389:Career
337:Forbes
335:, and
329:Milton
312:Sydney
158:1962,
146:, 1949
140:Awards
132:Spouse
126:Optics
1594:S2CID
1515:S2CID
1274:S2CID
766:CSIRO
609:Paris
540:CSIRO
433:light
364:D.Sc.
360:M.Sc.
1806:ISBN
1782:link
1651:ISBN
1612:link
1473:link
1386:2020
1329:2020
1163:2020
1092:2020
1061:2020
995:2020
969:2020
958:OCLC
950:ISSN
940:ISBN
898:2020
721:and
705:The
362:and
234:and
72:Died
59:Born
1764:doi
1729:doi
1692:doi
1643:doi
1586:doi
1557:doi
1545:107
1507:doi
1495:158
1455:doi
1418:doi
1356:doi
1264:doi
1030:doi
831:in
816:in
758:USA
719:USA
709:in
695:in
675:in
659:in
651:at
630:in
607:in
495:in
471:in
459:FRS
443:in
418:in
310:to
224:FAA
220:DSc
50:in
33:FAA
29:DSc
1827::
1790:^
1778:}}
1774:{{
1762:.
1752:93
1750:.
1727:.
1715:.
1690:.
1678:.
1674:.
1649:.
1641:.
1631:16
1629:.
1608:}}
1604:{{
1592:.
1582:29
1580:.
1555:.
1543:.
1539:.
1527:^
1513:.
1505:.
1493:.
1481:^
1469:}}
1465:{{
1453:.
1443:63
1441:.
1414:83
1412:.
1408:.
1394:^
1377:.
1350:.
1346:.
1320:.
1286:^
1272:.
1262:.
1250:.
1246:.
1198:.
1154:.
1136:^
1126:.
1122:.
1100:^
1083:.
1069:^
1052:.
1028:.
1016:.
1012:.
985:.
956:.
948:.
938:.
928:.
906:^
889:.
862:,
858:,
795:.
787:,
756:,
745:.
679:.
546:,
523:,
519:,
456:OM
431:,
331:,
246:,
242:,
222:,
218:,
124:,
99:,
31:,
1814:.
1784:)
1770:.
1766::
1758::
1735:.
1731::
1723::
1717:6
1700:.
1694::
1686::
1680:2
1659:.
1645::
1637::
1614:)
1600:.
1588::
1565:.
1559::
1551::
1521:.
1509::
1501::
1475:)
1461:.
1457::
1449::
1426:.
1420::
1388:.
1358::
1352:5
1331:.
1280:.
1266::
1258::
1252:6
1165:.
1128:6
1094:.
1063:.
1038:.
1032::
1024::
1018:6
997:.
971:.
900:.
226:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
