1017:, Arslan at first had difficulty believing the dusty and tattered warrior brought before him was the Roman emperor. Romanos and Arslan never expected to meet each other under such circumstances. He then stepped down from his seat and placed his foot on Romanos' neck. After this sign of ritual humiliation, however, Arslan raised Romanos from the ground and ordered him to be treated like a king. From then on he treated him with extreme kindness, never saying a cruel word to him during the Emperor's eight-day stay in his camp. He then released the Emperor in exchange for a treaty and the promise of a hefty ransom. At first Alp Arslan suggested a ransom of 10,000,000
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525:, he was summoned into her presence and advised that she had pardoned him and that she had furthermore chosen him to be her husband and the guardian of her sons as emperor. She took this course of action primarily due to her concern that unless she managed to find a powerful husband, she could easily lose the regency to any unscrupulous noble, and also because she was infatuated with the popular Romanos. Her decision was met with little protest as the
667:. That winter they camped on the frontiers of the empire and waited for the next year's campaigning season. Romanos was confident of Byzantine superiority on the field of battle, looking on the Turks as little more than hordes of robbers who would melt away at the first encounter. He did not take into account the degraded state of the Byzantine forces, which had suffered years of neglect from his predecessors, in particular
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preoccupation with the military had also made him unpopular with the provincial governors and the military hierarchy, as he was determined to ensure they could not abuse their positions, especially through corrupt practices. He incurred the displeasure of the mercenaries by enforcing much needed discipline. Romanos was also deeply unpopular with the common people, as he neglected to entertain them with games at the
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be cut off for stealing the donkey of a Muslim after the emperor had given his peace. "One thing alone satisfied him: that he marched against his foes". He was said to have been very brave, and would often go unarmed and without escort to fight with his enemies which would cause his worried generals to complain. Psellus confirms that
Romanus “exposed himself to danger without a thought of the consequences”.
1090:. Without medical assistance, his wound became infected, and he soon endured a painfully lingering death. The final insult was given a few days before his death, when Romanos received a letter from Michael Psellos, congratulating him on the loss of his eyes. He finally died, praying for the forgiveness of his sins, and his widow Eudokia was permitted to honor his remains with a magnificent funeral.
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2079:Çoban, R. V. (2020). The Manzikert Battle and Sultan Alp Arslan with European Perspective in the 15st Century in the Miniatures of Giovanni Boccaccio's "De Casibus Virorum Illustrium"s 226 and 232. French Manuscripts in Bibliothèque Nationale de France. S. Karakaya ve V. Baydar (Ed.), in 2nd International Muş Symposium Articles Book (pp. 48–64). Muş: Muş Alparslan University.
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advance guard met the Seljuk army, which was rapidly approaching
Manzikert. Romanos ordered the forces attacking Akhlat to rejoin the army, but their portion of the army unexpectedly came across another large Turkish army, so Romanos' troops retreated toward Mesopotamia. Already understrength, Romanos' army was further weakened when his Uzes mercenaries deserted to the Turks.
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the Romans,” Alp Arslan scoffed that that was “because the dog is better than he is!” “He struck him three or four blows with his hand and when
Romanos collapsed he kicked him a similar number of times”; he “put him in chains and fettered his hand to his neck”; he pulled his hair and put his face to the ground, while informing him, “your troops are food for the Muslims.”
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for some time. In the meantime, the land around
Caesarea was again overrun by the Turks, forcing Romanos to spend precious time and energy in expelling the Turks from Cappadocia. Desperate to begin his campaign proper, he ordered the execution of all prisoners, even a Seljuk chieftain who offered to
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When
Romanos discovered what had happened, he tried to recover the situation by making a defiant stand. He fought on valiantly after his horse was killed under him, killing many enemies and causing others to flee, but he received a wound in the hand, which prevented him from wielding a sword, and he
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Meanwhile, Romanos was undertaking a number of unpopular reforms at home. He reduced a great deal of unnecessary public expenditure on court ceremonials and beautifying the capital. He reduced the public salaries paid to much of the court nobility, as well as reducing the profits of tradesmen. His
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hands. They had been besieging it since 1068, but it had taken
Romanos two years to respond. He ordered a relief fleet to set sail, containing sufficient provisions and troops to enable them to hold out for much longer. The fleet was intercepted, however, and defeated by a Norman squadron under the
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The more she tried to dominate him, to treat him, who was really her master, like a lion in a cage, the more he fretted at her restraining influence and glared at the hand that kept him in check,” writes
Psellus, who knew them both. “To begin with, he growled inwardly, but as time passed his disgust
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was infatuated with
Romanos; for according to Attaleiates, “The man not only surpassed others in his good qualities but he was also pleasant to look at in all respects.”. He was, however, “very harsh and violent in his judgments,” says Michael the Syrian, and he once ordered the nose of a soldier to
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Wanting to test the Roman, Alp Arslan then asked
Romanos what he would do to him if he was his prisoner, Romanos frankly answered "the worst!". The answer impressed Alp Arslan and he said "Ah! by Allah! He has spoken the truth! If he had spoken otherwise, he would be lying. This is an intelligent,
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Other Muslim sources claim Alp Arslan treated
Romanos in a harsh and petty way. “You are too trivial in my view for me to kill you,” the sultan is said to have declared before his Turks in Muslim sources. “Take him to the person who pays most.” When no one reportedly wanted to purchase the “Dog of
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Early in the spring of 1071, whilst conducting negotiations with Alp Arslan over Manzikert, Romanos marched at the head of a large army with the intent of recovering the fortress. It was soon evident that the army had a serious discipline problem, with soldiers regularly pillaging the area around
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It is reported that upon seeing the Roman emperor, the sultan leapt from his throne like a mad man, commanded Romanos to kiss the ground, and stepped on his neck. He repeatedly berated the emperor, including for spurning his emissaries and offers of peace. The unrepentant Romanos was laconic, and
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Arslan had no desire to take on the Byzantine army, so he proposed a peace treaty with favourable terms for Romanos. The emperor, eager for a decisive military victory, rejected the offer, and both armies lined up for a battle, which took place on 26 August 1071. The battle lasted all day without
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in Cilicia. Pursued by Andronikos, he was eventually forced to surrender by the garrison at Adana upon receiving assurances of his personal safety. Before leaving the fortress, he collected all the money he could lay his hands on and sent it to the Sultan as proof of his good faith, along with a
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Believing that Alp Arslan was nowhere near Manzikert, he decided to divide his army. One part of the army he dispatched to attack Akhlat, at that time in possession of the Turks. Romanos himself advanced with the main body of the army on Manzikert, which he soon recaptured. At this point his
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forced Eudokia to retire to a monastery. They then refused to honor the agreement made between Arslan and the former emperor. Romanos soon returned, and he and the Doukas family gathered troops. A battle was fought between Constantine, Andronikos Doukas and Romanos. Romanos was defeated and
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tough man. It is not permissible that he should be killed." After agreeing on a ransom, Alp Arslan then sent emperor Romanos back to Constantinople with a Turkish escort that carried a banner above the disgraced emperor that read: "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger".
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Alexandru Madgearu, Ruled indeed Basil Apokapes the Paradunavon Theme?, "Acta Musei Varnensis", 3 (The Bulgarian Lands in the Middle Ages, 7th–18th Centuries. International Conference. A tribute to Prof. Alexander Kuzev's 70th anniversary, Varna, 12–14 September 2002), Varna, 2005, pp.
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deigned only to offer the curtest responses to his captor’s fiery upbraiding. He merely had done what was “possible for a man, and which kings are bound to do, and I have fallen short in nothing. But God has fulfilled his will. And now, do what you wish and abandon recriminations.”
640:, who openly expressed their discontent at the marriage of Eudokia. Romanos therefore decided that he could only exercise his authority by placing himself at the head of the army in the field, thereby focusing the whole government's attention on the war against the Turks.
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A number of other sources speak of the valor shown by Romanos at Manzikert: Romanos “launched himself into the thick of the battle. He knocked down several very valiant Persian fighters and caused disarray in their ranks,” according to a contemporary Armenian account.
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Andronikos stipulated that his life would be spared if he resigned the purple and retired into a monastery. Romanos agreed, and this agreement was ratified at Constantinople. However, John Doukas reneged on the agreement and sent men to ambush and have Romanos
1082:. According to Attaleiates, the emperor was led away, pleading for mercy. Per Attaleiates, "when he arose, his eyes were drenched with blood, a pathetic and pitiable sight that made everyone who saw it cry uncontrollably." He was then sent into exile to
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M. Meško, Obnova byzantskej moci na Balkáne za vlády Alexia I. Komnéna. Druhá byzantsko-pečenežská vojna (1083-1091) (The Renewal of the Byzantine Power in the Balkans During the Reign of Alexios I Komnenos. Second Byzantino-Pecheneg War (1083-1091)). Nitra
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who, with help from Turkish troops, began an attempt to reconquer the Byzantine province of Syria. Romanos began marching to the southeastern frontier of the empire to deal with this threat, but as he was advancing towards
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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In the meantime, the opposition faction scheming against Romanos IV decided to exploit the situation. Michael VII was proclaimed sole ruler on 1 October 1071, declaring Romanos as deposed. A month later, the
506:. Courageous and generous, but also impetuous, Romanos rose with distinction in the army due to his military talents, and he served in Syria and on the Danubian frontier. At that time some parts from the
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their nightly camps. When Romanos attempted to enforce some stricter discipline, a whole regiment of German mercenaries mutinied, which the emperor only managed to control with the greatest difficulty.
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from 1068 to 1071. Determined to halt the decline of the Byzantine military and to stop Turkish incursions into the empire, he is nevertheless best known for his defeat and capture in 1071 at the
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John Doukas, took advantage of the confusion to betray Romanos. Claiming that Romanos was dead, he marched away from the battle with some 30,000 men, instead of covering the emperor's retreat.
814:, who led a contingent of Frankish troops in the pay of the empire. Possibly due to Romanos not paying them on time, they began plundering the countryside near where they were stationed at
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family. In 1071, Romanos undertook another major campaign against the Seljuks. His Byzantine army, beset by years of neglect and poor tactics, was decisively defeated by the forces of
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mercenaries, were ill-disciplined, disorganised, and uncoordinated, and he was not prepared to spend time in upgrading the arms, armour, or tactics of the once-feared Byzantine army.
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message: "As emperor, I promised you a ransom of a million and a half. Dethroned, and about to become dependent upon others, I send you all I possess as proof of my gratitude".
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either side gaining any decisive advantage, until the emperor ordered a part of his centre to return to camp. The order was misunderstood by the right wing, however, and
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I who was present did not approve of the simplicity of the emperor who mingled without body armour among murderous men who pass their lives in recklessness and madness
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to encounter the Turks on the road, forcing them to abandon their plunder and release their prisoners, though a large number of the Turkish troops managed to escape.
926:. Manuel convinced Khroudj to go to Constantinople and see Romanos in person to conclude an alliance, which was soon completed. This act motivated the Seljuk Sultan
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Nevertheless, he did not forget his principal target, the Turks. Being unable to go on campaign himself, he entrusted the imperial army to one of his generals,
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Romanos placed himself at the head of a substantial body of troops and began his march towards Akhlat, leaving the bulk of the army under the command of
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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commander, serving in Syria and on the Danubian frontier. In 1068, he was crowned Byzantine emperor following his marriage to the dowager empress
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Romanos was detained at Constantinople in 1070, while he dealt with many outstanding administrative issues, including the imminent fall of
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Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection: Leo III to Nicephorus III, 717–1081
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The first military operations of Romanos did achieve a measure of success, reinforcing his opinions about the outcome of the war.
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in Anatolia and Syria. Domestically, his rule was marked by a series of unpopular policies as well as clashes with the rival
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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pay an immense ransom for his life. Having brought a measure of peace to the province, Romanos marched towards the
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Plans for the following year's campaigning were initially thrown into chaos by a rebellion by one of Romanos'
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with orders to defend the Mesopotamian frontier. Philaretos was soon defeated by the Turks, whose sack of
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but returned to their base so fast that Romanos was in no position to give chase. He eventually reached
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after the death of Romanos IV, but it was short-lived, as Constantine perished under the walls of
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1826:"The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa: Apocalypse, the First Crusade, and the Armenian Diaspora"
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Armenia and the Crusades: Tenth to Twelfth Centuries : The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa
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to attack the Byzantine Empire, besieging and capturing the important Byzantine fortresses of
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on the obverse, Romanos IV and Eudokia Makrembolitissa crowned by Christ on the reverse
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reigned "6 years and 6 months" reckoning inclusively from his abdication on 24 March 1078 (
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humiliating Emperor Romanos IV. From a 15th-century illustrated French translation of
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and forced to surrender. Despite receiving a promise that he would be spared, Romanos was
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2017:"Vikings Valhalla Invents Most Of General George Maniakes' Plot, Changing The True Story"
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who led the opposition of the palace officials to Romanos' authority, but also the
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forced Romanos to abandon his plans and return to Sebaste. He sent orders to the
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Soloviev, A.V. (1935), "Les emblèmes héraldiques de Byzance et les Slaves",
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Sword and Scimitar: Fourteen Centuries of War between Islam and the West
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Sword and Scimitar: Fourteen Centuries of War between Islam and the West
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Sword and Scimitar: Fourteen Centuries of War between Islam and the West
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had overrun much of Cappadocia and had even taken the important city of
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https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11311302/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cl_sm
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History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057 to 1453
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military aristocracy, Romanos rose to fame as a successful
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to Romanos IV, but he later reduced it to 1,500,000
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Anna Dalassena, Mother of Alexius I Comnenus (1081–1118)
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Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol: The Battle of Manzikert
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Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol: The Battle of Manzikert
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Cheynet, J.C.; Vannier, J.F. (2003), "Les Argyroi",
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1290:The Dreadful Day: The Battle of Manzikert, 1071
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83:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
3747:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
2361:
950:Battle of Manzikert and capture by Alp Arslan
877:
2099:, vol. 2, William Blackwood & Sons
1372:
1313:
2368:
2354:
918:, and elder brother to the future emperor
461:
138:
2075:(in French), vol. 40, pp. 57–90
1109:, who was married to Theodora, sister of
482:and a member of a prominent and powerful
2219:
2207:
1823:
1286:
959:
847:and thus protect the Armenian frontier.
778:
583:
470:Romanos IV pictured in the 15th century
465:
2252:
2189:
2162:
2103:
1950:
1769:
659:, and Cappadocia, culminating with the
458:, where he died of his wounds in 1072.
3729:
2094:
2073:Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta
1796:
1373:Hillenbrand, Carole (26 August 2023).
789:of Romanos IV. The obverse shows
2349:
2014:
1983:
1154:
1098:By his first wife, Anne, daughter of
822:, the Franks continued to ravage the
3772:Byzantine people of Armenian descent
2064:
663:and the plundering of the Church of
18:
2239:
2117:
2050:
1971:
862:of Antioch to secure the passes at
799:("Thy Cross aid the Lord Romanos").
774:
690:
547:Physical appearance and personality
95:{{Translated|fr|Romain IV Diogène}}
16:Byzantine emperor from 1068 to 1071
13:
3757:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime
2233:
2044:
1244:Cheynet & Vannier 2003, p. 78.
796:Σταυρὲ σου βοήθει Ρωμανόν δεσπότην
541:of Constantinople, John Xiphilinos
131:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
14:
3793:
2266:
1136:– born in 1069, and according to
671:. His forces, mostly composed of
2015:Tyler, Adrienne (11 July 2024).
1183:
1125:By his second wife, the Empress
1113:. This marriage was arranged by
478:Romanos Diogenes was the son of
23:
3737:11th-century Byzantine emperors
2008:
1995:
1984:Meško, Marek (1 January 2012).
1977:
1956:
1935:
1926:
1903:
1894:
1848:
1817:
1790:
1763:
1737:
1716:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1499:
1472:
1433:
1393:
1366:
1350:
914:, nephew of the former emperor
498:. His mother was a daughter of
2173:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
2104:Garland, Lynda (25 May 2007),
1824:MacEvitt, Christopher (2007).
1334:
1307:
1280:
1271:
1261:
1238:
411:and a prominent member of the
93:You may also add the template
1:
3782:1070s in the Byzantine Empire
3777:1060s in the Byzantine Empire
2278:History of Michael Attaliates
2190:Norwich, John Julius (1993),
2039:
1061:retreated to the fortress of
974:De Casibus Virorum Illustrium
743:of Aleppo. Romanos captured
450:and exiled to a monastery on
382:
375:
254:
1314:Hillenbrand, Carole (2007).
739:and proceeded to invade the
400:and allowed for its gradual
7:
1797:Edessa, Matthew of (1993).
1293:. Hutchinson. p. 152.
1176:
1046:
835:, and crossed the river at
580:Campaigns against the Turks
370:
10:
3798:
3752:Byzantine prisoners of war
3641:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3592:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3479:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
2118:Jeffreys, C., ed. (2016).
1505:Soloviev 1935, pp. 156–158
1199:List of Byzantine emperors
953:
795:
626:family, in particular the
575:became obvious to everyone
57:Machine translation, like
3717:
3649:
3614:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3582:Andronikos II Palaiologos
3407:Constantine IX Monomachos
3095:
2992:
2875:
2702:
2540:
2388:
2334:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2285:
2005:retrieved 12 August 2024.
1770:Ibrahim, Raymond (2018).
1287:Friendly, Alfred (1981).
1093:
1027:, with a further 360,000
1002:was soon taken prisoner.
895:, the younger brother of
878:Affairs at Constantinople
502:, brother of the emperor
359:
341:
331:
319:
291:
283:Anne Alusiane of Bulgaria
279:
267:
250:
246:
197:
187:
172:
162:
155:
137:
128:
123:
38:the corresponding article
3577:Michael VIII Palaiologos
2222:Seminarium Kondakovianum
2112:De Imperatoribus Romanis
1749:. Hachette Books. 2018.
1702:. Hachette Books. 2018.
1204:
598:flanked by his brothers
472:Codex Mutinensis graecus
3432:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3066:Tiberius II Constantine
2095:Finlay, George (1854),
2086:Dumbarton Oaks (1973),
1191:Byzantine Empire portal
1127:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
1111:Alexios I Komnenos
553:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
523:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
462:Accession to the throne
421:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
286:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
104:For more guidance, see
3587:Michael IX Palaiologos
978:
800:
607:
577:
568:
475:
150:of Romanos IV Diogenes
3681:Thessalonian emperors
3675:Trapezuntine emperors
3636:John VIII Palaiologos
3631:Manuel II Palaiologos
3602:John VI Kantakouzenos
3518:Andronikos I Komnenos
3355:Constantine Lekapenos
2383:and empresses regnant
2213:Byzantium: The Apogee
2192:Byzantium: The Apogee
2168:"Romanos IV Diogenes"
2126:King's College London
1932:Norwich 1993b, p. 357
1830:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
1722:Norwich 1993b, p. 353
1258:Kazhdan 1991, p. 1807
963:
852:Philaretos Brachamios
782:
763:in which they sacked
724:and the mountains of
587:
572:
558:
469:
106:Knowledge:Translation
77:copyright attribution
3619:John VII Palaiologos
3567:Theodore II Laskaris
3427:Constantine X Doukas
3367:Nikephoros II Phokas
2287:Romanos IV Diogenes
2254:Attaleiates, Michael
2209:Norwich, John Julius
1974:, Book 9, Chapter 6.
1962:Kazhdan 1991, p. 627
1909:Norwich 1993, p. 356
1900:Norwich 1993, p. 358
1734:Norwich 1993, p. 354
1684:Norwich 1993, p. 353
1675:Norwich 1993, p. 352
1657:Norwich 1993, p. 351
1648:Norwich 1993, p. 349
1636:Norwich 1993, p. 348
1613:Norwich 1993, p. 346
1595:Norwich 1993, p. 347
1553:Norwich 1993, p. 355
1469:Norwich 1993, p. 345
1439:Norwich 1993, p. 343
1223:Norwich 1993, p. 344
1107:Constantine Diogenes
1065:, and from there to
669:Constantine X Doukas
594:of Romanos IV:
516:Constantine X Doukas
480:Constantine Diogenes
409:Constantine Diogenes
336:Constantine Diogenes
302:Constantine Diogenes
3550:Theodore I Laskaris
3535:Alexios III Angelos
3513:Alexios II Komnenos
3437:Romanos IV Diogenes
3392:Romanos III Argyros
3338:Romanos I Lekapenos
2273:Romanos IV Diogenes
1991:. pp. 155–175.
1416:Dumbarton Oaks 1973
1402:14 Byzantine Rulers
1359:14 Byzantine Rulers
1343:14 Byzantine Rulers
1148:Nikephoros Diogenes
1100:Alusian of Bulgaria
1078:on 29 June 1072 in
956:Battle of Manzikert
699:was exposed to the
565:Michael Attaleiates
407:Son of the general
394:Battle of Manzikert
352:Romanos IV Diogenes
310:Nikephoros Diogenes
235:Nikephoros Diogenes
124:Romanos IV Diogenes
3669:Britannic emperors
3663:Palmyrene emperors
3597:John V Palaiologos
3540:Alexios IV Angelos
3489:Constantine Doukas
3484:Alexios I Komnenos
3472:Constantine Doukas
3455:Michael VII Doukas
3417:Michael VI Bringas
2983:Romulus Augustulus
2606:Trebonianus Gallus
2599:Herennius Etruscus
2381:Byzantine emperors
2164:Kazhdan, Alexander
1941:Finlay 1854, p. 74
1923:Finlay 1854, p. 44
1856:Michael Attaliates
1776:. Hachette Books.
1666:Finlay 1854, p. 41
1622:Finlay 1854, p. 38
1581:Finlay 1854, p. 36
1569:Finlay 1854, p. 42
1541:Finlay 1854, p. 45
1529:Finlay 1854, p. 35
1496:Finlay 1854, p. 34
1478:Finlay 1854, p. 33
1451:Finlay 1854, p. 32
1430:Finlay 1854, p. 31
1277:Finlay 1854, p. 29
1235:Finlay 1854, p. 30
1155:In Popular Culture
979:
801:
791:Christ Pantokrator
716:and had plundered
608:
596:Michael VII Doukas
551:Byzantine Empress
476:
440:Michael VII Doukas
220:Konstantios Doukas
216:Michael VII Doukas
85:interlanguage link
3724:
3723:
3562:John III Vatatzes
3508:Manuel I Komnenos
3247:Michael I Rangabe
3091:
3090:
2933:Petronius Maximus
2532:Severus Alexander
2500:Septimius Severus
2344:
2343:
2335:Succeeded by
2328:Byzantine emperor
2135:978-1-908951-20-5
2065:Secondary sources
1604:Çoban 2020, p. 51
1170:Vikings: Valhalla
992:Andronikos Doukas
839:, hoping to take
771:by January 1069.
620:Andronikos Doukas
508:theme of Bulgaria
413:Cappadocian Greek
390:Byzantine emperor
368:
349:
348:
225:Andronikos Doukas
157:Byzantine emperor
117:
116:
50:
46:
3789:
3572:John IV Laskaris
3545:Alexios V Doukas
3530:Isaac II Angelos
3496:John II Komnenos
3422:Isaac I Komnenos
3382:Constantine VIII
3372:John I Tzimiskes
3099:Byzantine Empire
2873:
2872:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2318:Preceded by
2308:
2301:
2283:
2282:
2262:
2249:
2241:Psellos, Michael
2229:
2216:
2204:
2186:
2176:, p. 1807,
2159:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2139:
2114:
2100:
2091:
2076:
2060:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1694:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1637:
1634:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1582:
1579:
1570:
1567:
1554:
1551:
1542:
1539:
1530:
1527:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1452:
1449:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1224:
1221:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1056:John Doukas and
798:
797:
775:Campaign of 1069
735:to the north of
691:Campaign of 1068
661:sack of Caesarea
566:
387:
384:
380:
377:
373:
371:Rōmanos Diogenēs
363:
361:
360:Ῥωμανός Διογένης
259:
256:
200:
166:1 January 1068 –
142:
121:
120:
96:
90:
63:Google Translate
48:
44:
27:
26:
19:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3767:Diogenes family
3727:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3713:
3657:Gallic emperors
3645:
3333:Constantine VII
3114:Constantine III
3101:
3098:
3087:
2996:
2988:
2927:Valentinian III
2915:Constantius III
2909:Priscus Attalus
2893:Constantine III
2879:
2871:
2761:Valerius Valens
2706:
2698:
2544:
2536:
2495:Didius Julianus
2475:Marcus Aurelius
2392:
2384:
2374:
2340:
2331:
2323:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2269:
2236:
2234:Further reading
2202:
2184:
2151:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2067:
2047:
2045:Primary sources
2042:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1858:statement that
1853:
1849:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1743:
1742:
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1726:
1721:
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1710:
1696:
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1688:
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1679:
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1665:
1661:
1656:
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1640:
1635:
1626:
1621:
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1608:
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1599:
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1580:
1573:
1568:
1557:
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1545:
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1528:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1455:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1379:. p. 230.
1371:
1367:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1320:. p. 249.
1312:
1308:
1301:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1211:
1207:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1157:
1096:
1076:cruelly blinded
1058:Michael Psellos
1049:
1008:Michael Psellus
958:
952:
912:Manuel Komnenos
897:Robert Guiscard
880:
777:
693:
638:Varangian Guard
582:
567:
564:
549:
484:Byzantine Greek
464:
385:
378:
312:
308:
304:
300:
284:
272:
260:
257:
242:
239:
210:
209:
198:
179:
167:
151:
113:
112:
111:
94:
88:
51:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3795:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3742:Doukid dynasty
3739:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3616:
3611:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3493:
3481:
3476:
3452:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3412:Theodora (III)
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3308:
3303:
3291:
3279:
3274:
3262:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3227:Constantine VI
3224:
3219:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:Theodosius III
3188:
3183:
3178:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3136:Constantine IV
3133:
3128:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:Eastern Empire
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2924:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2877:Western Empire
2870:
2869:
2862:
2850:Magnus Maximus
2846:
2844:Valentinian II
2841:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2776:Constantius II
2773:
2771:Constantine II
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2700:
2699:
2697:
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2591:
2579:
2574:
2569:
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2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
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2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2470:Antoninus Pius
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2393:27 BC – AD 235
2386:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2333:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2313:Regnal titles
2310:
2309:
2292:Doukid dynasty
2289:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2267:External links
2265:
2264:
2263:
2250:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2217:
2215:, vol. II
2205:
2200:
2187:
2183:978-0195046526
2182:
2166:, ed. (1991),
2160:
2152:|website=
2134:
2115:
2101:
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2077:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2007:
1994:
1976:
1964:
1955:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:Kleinchroniken
1874:Kleinchroniken
1847:
1816:
1810:978-0819189530
1809:
1789:
1783:978-0306825569
1782:
1762:
1756:978-0306825552
1755:
1736:
1724:
1715:
1709:978-0306825552
1708:
1686:
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1659:
1650:
1638:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1583:
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1531:
1507:
1498:
1480:
1471:
1453:
1441:
1432:
1420:
1418:, p. 785.
1408:
1405:. p. 350.
1392:
1385:
1365:
1362:. p. 355.
1349:
1346:. p. 352.
1333:
1326:
1306:
1299:
1279:
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1260:
1246:
1237:
1225:
1208:
1206:
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1195:
1194:
1178:
1175:
1161:Nikolai Kinski
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1142:Alexius I
1123:
1122:
1115:Anna Dalassena
1095:
1092:
1088:Sea of Marmara
1048:
1045:
1015:John Skylitzes
954:Main article:
951:
948:
879:
876:
824:Armeniac Theme
812:Robert Crispin
776:
773:
769:Constantinople
753:Cilician Gates
692:
689:
581:
578:
562:
548:
545:
463:
460:
456:Sea of Marmara
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168:1 October 1071
164:
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115:
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91:
69:
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55:
52:
33:
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22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3794:
3783:
3780:
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3775:
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3676:
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3648:
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3626:
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3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3294:Theodora (II)
3292:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:Constantine V
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Anastasius II
3184:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:Theodosius II
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
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2913:
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2910:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2895:
2894:
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2874:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:Valentinian I
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:Constantine I
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2729:Constantius I
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
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2456:
2453:
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2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2321:Constantine X
2316:
2311:
2306:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2246:Chronographia
2242:
2238:
2237:
2227:
2224:(in French),
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2145:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2090:, p. 785
2089:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2052:Comnena, Anna
2049:
2048:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1998:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1906:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1719:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1475:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1436:
1427:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1386:9780748625734
1382:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1329:
1327:9780748625734
1323:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1300:9780091435707
1296:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1274:
1264:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1003:
999:
997:
993:
987:
983:
976:
975:
970:
966:
962:
957:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
900:
898:
894:
889:
885:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
806:
792:
788:
787:
781:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
702:
698:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
631:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
605:
601:
597:
593:
592:
586:
576:
571:
561:
557:
554:
544:
542:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:Basil Argyros
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
473:
468:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
402:Turkification
399:
395:
391:
372:
366:
357:
353:
344:
340:
337:
334:
330:
327:
324:
322:
318:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:
294:
290:
287:
282:
278:
275:
270:
266:
263:
253:
249:
245:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
215:
214:
212:
211:
208:
202:
196:
193:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:Constantine X
175:
171:
165:
161:
158:
154:
149:
148:
141:
136:
133:
132:
127:
122:
119:
107:
103:
100:
92:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
54:
53:
47:
41:
39:
34:You can help
30:
21:
20:
3624:Andronikos V
3622:
3605:
3553:
3521:
3499:
3487:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3314:
3297:
3285:
3268:
3256:
3250:
3237:Nikephoros I
3212:
3211:
3205:
3172:
3169:Justinian II
3164:Tiberius III
3154:Justinian II
3145:
3139:
3122:
3074:
3046:Anastasius I
3037:
2981:
2977:Julius Nepos
2969:
2962:
2950:
2938:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2864:
2855:
2854:
2848:
2839:Theodosius I
2826:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2756:Maximinus II
2743:
2645:
2628:
2615:
2609:
2597:
2585:
2518:
2480:Lucius Verus
2332:1068 – 1071
2326:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2258:
2244:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2191:
2171:
2120:
2106:
2096:
2087:
2072:
2055:
2026:. Retrieved
2020:
2010:
1997:
1986:
1979:
1967:
1958:
1951:Garland 2007
1946:
1937:
1928:
1905:
1896:
1886:
1883:
1876:
1873:
1869:P. Schreiner
1863:
1850:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1799:
1792:
1772:
1765:
1745:
1739:
1718:
1698:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1501:
1474:
1435:
1411:
1401:
1395:
1375:
1368:
1358:
1352:
1342:
1336:
1316:
1309:
1289:
1282:
1273:
1263:
1240:
1168:
1163:in the 2022
1158:
1138:Anna Comnena
1134:Leo Diogenes
1124:
1097:
1072:
1053:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1004:
1000:
995:
988:
984:
980:
972:
916:Isaac I
909:
901:
881:
849:
802:
784:
749:Alexandretta
733:Mount Taurus
730:
694:
642:
627:
609:
589:
573:
569:
559:
550:
535:
527:Seljuk Turks
486:family from
477:
437:
425:Seljuk Turks
406:
351:
350:
314:Leo Diogenes
305:
297:
230:Leo Diogenes
206:
145:
129:
118:
81:edit summary
72:
45:(March 2022)
43:
35:
3762:1072 deaths
3683:(1224–1242)
3677:(1204–1461)
3466:Konstantios
3343:Christopher
3316:Constantine
3306:Michael III
3287:Constantine
3270:Constantine
3252:Theophylact
3181:Philippicus
3131:Constans II
3056:Justinian I
2952:Severus III
2900:Constans II
2654:Claudius II
2630:Silbannacus
2577:Gordian III
2552:Maximinus I
2520:Diadumenian
2338:Michael VII
2259:The History
2194:, Penguin,
2057:The Alexiad
2022:Screen Rant
1860:Michael VII
1836:: 157–181.
891:command of
837:Romanopolis
808:mercenaries
718:Neocaesarea
645:Mesopotamia
634:John Doukas
616:Konstantios
612:Michael VII
604:Konstantios
504:Romanos III
386: 1072
379: 1030
306:By Eudocia:
258: 1030
199:Co-emperors
192:Michael VII
173:Predecessor
147:miliaresion
3731:Categories
3460:Andronikos
3448:Nikephoros
3397:Michael IV
3362:Romanos II
3282:Theophilos
3277:Michael II
3258:Staurakios
3242:Staurakios
3214:Nikephoros
3207:Artabasdos
3119:Heraclonas
3076:Theodosius
3034:Basiliscus
2794:Nepotianus
2787:Magnentius
2781:Constans I
2734:Severus II
2714:Diocletian
2659:Quintillus
2624:Aemilianus
2617:Volusianus
2562:Gordian II
2527:Elagabalus
2390:Principate
2211:(1993b) ,
2201:0140114483
2040:References
1129:, he had:
1031:annually.
965:Alp Arslan
940:Hieropolis
928:Alp Arslan
905:hippodrome
864:Mopsuestia
761:Asia Minor
745:Hierapolis
737:Germanicia
673:Sclavonian
600:Andronikos
591:histamenon
496:Asia Minor
488:Cappadocia
433:Alp Arslan
262:Cappadocia
3702:Classical
3687:Empresses
3671:(286–296)
3665:(267–273)
3659:(260–274)
3402:Michael V
3328:Alexander
3141:Heraclius
3109:Heraclius
3061:Justin II
2971:Glycerius
2958:Anthemius
2828:Procopius
2766:Martinian
2745:Maxentius
2674:Florianus
2647:Saloninus
2642:Gallienus
2611:Hostilian
2587:Philip II
2557:Gordian I
2505:Caracalla
2440:Vespasian
2435:Vitellius
2228:: 119–164
2154:ignored (
2144:cite book
2121:Romanos 4
1063:Tyropoion
1029:nomismata
1025:nomismata
1020:nomismata
969:Boccaccio
932:Manzikert
868:Heracleia
829:Euphrates
681:Bulgarian
538:Patriarch
365:romanized
188:Successor
144:A silver
99:talk page
40:in French
3697:Usurpers
3692:Augustae
3650:See also
3555:Nicholas
3377:Basil II
3174:Tiberius
3159:Leontius
3147:Tiberius
3124:Tiberius
3102:610–1453
3097:Eastern/
3051:Justin I
3004:Arcadius
2964:Olybrius
2946:Majorian
2887:Honorius
2866:Eugenius
2801:Vetranio
2751:Licinius
2724:Galerius
2719:Maximian
2704:Dominate
2694:Numerian
2664:Aurelian
2637:Valerian
2582:Philip I
2572:Balbinus
2567:Pupienus
2515:Macrinus
2490:Pertinax
2485:Commodus
2450:Domitian
2415:Claudius
2410:Caligula
2405:Tiberius
2400:Augustus
1842:25472048
1268:273–282.
1177:See also
1080:Kotyaion
1047:Betrayal
845:Lake Van
833:Melitene
757:Podandos
751:and the
726:Tephrike
710:Lykandos
701:Saracens
685:Frankish
677:Armenian
665:St Basil
649:Melitene
563:—
531:Caesarea
492:Diogenai
398:Anatolia
345:Argyrosa
326:Diogenes
298:By Anne:
207:See list
183:(regent)
75:provide
3707:Eastern
3607:Matthew
3501:Alexios
3349:Stephen
3311:Basil I
3196:Leo III
3071:Maurice
3014:Marcian
2997:395–610
2921:Joannes
2880:395–480
2834:Gratian
2707:284–610
2689:Carinus
2669:Tacitus
2545:235–285
2465:Hadrian
2300:unknown
2028:16 July
1972:Comnena
1167:series
1165:Netflix
1119:Antioch
1086:in the
936:Archesh
924:Khroudj
920:Alexios
872:Cilicia
856:Iconium
783:Copper
765:Amorium
741:Emirate
722:Sebaste
697:Antioch
657:Cilicia
512:Serdica
454:in the
448:blinded
444:Cilicia
417:Akritai
367::
181:Eudokia
97:to the
79:in the
42:.
3469:&
3445:&
3352:&
3323:Leo VI
3299:Thekla
3255:&
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