36:
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1103:. Although Cao Cao was heavily outnumbered by Yuan Shao, he secured a decisive victory over his rival after launching a surprise raid on Yuan Shao's supply train and throwing the enemy into disarray. Yuan Shao retreated north after his defeat, fell ill and died about two years later. Cao Cao took advantage of Yuan Shao's death, which had resulted in internal conflict among his sons who were fighting over their father's territories, and advanced north to attack and seize all of Yuan Shao's lands. By the end of 207, after a
1361:
1321:. Guan Yu was unable to capture Fancheng so he retreated, but was caught off guard by Lü Meng and had already lost Jing Province before he knew it. With his army's morale falling and the troops gradually deserting, Guan Yu and his remaining men withdrew to Maicheng, where they were surrounded by Sun Quan's forces. In desperation, Guan Yu attempted to break out of the siege but failed and was captured in an ambush. Sun Quan had him executed after he refused to surrender.
1570:
1075:, the new governor appointed by Cao Cao. In retaliation, Cao Cao attacked Xu Province and defeated Liu Bei, causing him to be separated from his oath brothers. While Liu Bei briefly joined Yuan Shao after his defeat, Zhang Fei took control of a small city, and Guan Yu temporarily served under Cao Cao and helped him slay two of Yuan Shao's generals in battle. The three oath brothers were eventually reunited and managed to establish a new base in
1624:
1286:
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1558:, like the dramas and folk stories of its day, features Liu Bei and his associates as the protagonists; hence the depiction of the people in Shu Han was glorified. The antagonists, Cao Cao, Sun Quan and their followers, on the other hand, were often denigrated. This suited the political climate in the Ming dynasty, unlike in the Jin dynasty when Cao Wei was considered the legitimate successor to the Han dynasty.
2056:'s plan to capture Liu Bei by means of a false marriage proposal failed and Lady Sun really became Liu's wife (see above). Zhou Yu later led his troops in an attempt to attack Liu Bei but fell into an ambush and suffered a crushing defeat. This saying is now used to describe the situations where a person either makes double losses in a deal or loses on both sides of it.
1206:
827:, a group of influential court eunuchs, feared that He Jin was growing too powerful, so they lured him into the palace and assassinated him. In revenge, He Jin's followers broke into the palace and indiscriminately slaughtered any person who looked like a eunuch. In the ensuing chaos, Emperor Shao and his younger half-brother, the
35:
1610:
factional and individual idealism carried to the point of civil strife-all of which eventually surface in the body of the narrative." He goes on to say, the "overlapping claims to legitimacy and multiple spheres of power," give the novel a "sense of epic greatness" with its "combination of grandeur and futility."
1056:, Liu Bei followed Cao Cao back to the imperial capital, Xu, where Emperor Xian honoured him as his "Imperial Uncle" upon learning that he was also a descendant of the imperial clan. When Cao Cao showed signs that he wanted to usurp the throne, Emperor Xian wrote a secret decree in blood to his father-in-law,
1221:. Sun Quan, unhappy over having gained nothing, sent messengers to ask Liu Bei to "return" the territories to him, but Liu Bei dismissed the messenger each time with a different excuse. Sun Quan was unwilling to give up, so he followed Zhou Yu's plan to trick Liu Bei to come to Jiangdong to marry his sister
1598:, as a related theme. Other dominant themes of the novel include: the rise and fall of the ideal liege (Liu Bei); finding the ideal minister (Zhuge Liang); the conflict between the ideal liege (Liu Bei) and the consummate villain (Cao Cao); and the cruelties and injustice of feudal or dynastic government.
1095:
After pacifying the nearby provinces, suppressing a rebellion by former Yellow
Turbans, and consolidating power in the central government, Cao Cao turned his attention north to Yuan Shao, who had recently eliminated Gongsun Zan and now controlled most of northern China. Yuan Shao amassed a large army
1197:
in command of his forces to prepare for the upcoming war. Zhuge Liang temporarily remained in
Jiangdong to assist Zhou Yu, who sensed that Zhuge Liang posed a future threat to his lord. Zhou Yu attempted to outwit and kill Zhuge Liang, but failed and had no choice but to cooperate with the latter.
1543:
Some 50 or 60 Yuan and early Ming plays about the Three
Kingdoms are known to have existed, and their material is almost entirely fictional, based on thin threads of actual history. The novel is thus a return to greater emphasis on history, compared to these dramas. The novel also shifted towards
1419:
to attack Wei as part of his mission to restore the Han dynasty. Each time, as Zhuge Liang was on the verge of success, he was recalled due to various unfortunate circumstances, such as Liu Shan listening to rumours spread by eunuchs. Moreover, his days were numbered because he had been suffering
1609:
Plaks states the novel deals with the "cyclical theories of dynastic decline," and relates the "breakdown of order" at the end of the Han dynasty to "the improper exercise of imperial authority, the destabilisation influence of special-interest groups (eunuchs, imperial clansmen), the problem of
1605:
in their recension, epitomise the tragic theme of the novel. One recent critic notes that the novel takes political and moral stands and lets the reader know which of the characters are heroes and which villains, yet the heroes are forced to make a tragic choice between equal values, not merely
1344:
As Liu Bei led a large army to avenge Guan Yu and retake Jing
Province, Sun Quan attempted to appease him by offering to return him the territories in southern Jing Province. Liu Bei's subjects urged him to accept Sun Quan's offer but Liu Bei insisted on avenging his oath brother. After initial
2416:
After decades of work, Moss
Roberts published a full translation in 1991 complete with an afterword, eleven maps, a list of characters, titles, terms, and offices, and almost 100 pages of notes from Mao Zonggang's commentaries and other scholarly sources. Roberts's complete translation remains
1304:
Meanwhile, Sun Quan plotted to take Jing
Province after growing tired of Liu Bei's repeated refusals to hand over the territories. He secretly made peace and allied with Cao Cao against Liu Bei. While Guan Yu, who guarded Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province, was away attacking
851:), who was merely a figurehead under his control. Dong Zhuo monopolised state power, persecuted his political opponents, and oppressed the common people for his personal gain. During this time, there were two attempts on his life: the first was by a military officer Wu Fu (
1552:, and also the author's own imagination. Nonetheless, the description of the social conditions and the logic that the characters use is accurate to the Three Kingdoms period, creating "believable" situations and characters, even if they are not historically accurate.
1225:
and then hold Liu Bei hostage in exchange for Jing
Province. However, Zhuge Liang foiled Zhou Yu's plot, and the newlywed couple returned to Jing Province safely. Zhou Yu later died in frustration after Zhuge Liang repeatedly thwarted his moves to take Jing Province.
2425:(1998) that Roberts's translation "supersedes Brewitt-Taylor's translation and will no doubt remain the definitive English version for many years to come". Roberts's translation was republished in 1995 by the Foreign Languages Press without the illustrations.
526:
2413:. The translation was well written, but lacked any supplementary materials such as maps or character lists that would aid Western readers; a 1959 reprint was published that included maps and an introduction by Roy Andrew Miller to assist foreign readers.
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923:, who initially had no titles or land, were also gradually forming their own armies and taking control of territories. During those times of upheaval, Cao Cao saved Emperor Xian from Dong Zhuo's followers, established the new imperial capital in
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once lamented to his loyal ministers, "Every person on the street knows what is in Sima Zhao's mind (that he wanted to usurp the throne)." This saying is now used to describe a situation where a person's intention or ambition is rather obvious.
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to meet Sun Quan and discuss forming a Sun–Liu alliance to counter Cao Cao. Although Sun Quan was initially hesitant due to many of his followers advising him to surrender to Cao Cao, he ultimately made up his mind to ally with Liu Bei, placing
2271:, learning all he knew about Chinese military and political strategies from them. Thus, when his descendants founded the Qing dynasty and became the rulers of China, the book was one of the first Chinese books to be translated into their
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poetic works, Yuan dynasty operas and his own personal interpretation of elements such as virtue and legitimacy. The author combined this historical knowledge with his own storytelling skills to create a rich tapestry of personalities.
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The former depicts the lives of heroic outlaws and their defiance of the corrupted government system but results in bittersweet tragedy. The latter presents dynasties that came and go which reminds the old that nothing is permanent.
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thrice and recruited him. Acting on Zhuge Liang's advice, Liu Bei built up his forces in preparation for war against Cao Cao. Following his unification of central and northern China under his control, Cao Cao, having been appointed
737:), long understood to be Luo's introduction and cyclical philosophy, were actually added by the Maos in their substantially revised edition of 1679. None of the earlier editions contained this phrase. In addition, Mao also added
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In 208, although Liu Bei managed to repel two attacks by Cao Cao at Xinye, he was eventually forced to flee due to the overwhelming strength of the enemy forces. Cao Cao and his cavalry caught up with Liu Bei and his forces at
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714:. The text was reduced from 900,000 to 750,000 characters; significant editing was done for narrative flow; use of third-party poems was reduced and shifted from conventional verse to finer pieces; and most passages praising
757:) to the novel. The earlier editions, moreover, spend less time on the process of division, which they found painful, and far more time on the process of reunification and the struggles of the heroes who sacrificed for it.
2310:; 1595–1632), but he died the following year before it could be finished. A complete translation based on the 1522 edition of the novel was done in 1647 and published in 1650 by a team of high-ranking officials including
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translation, Roy Andrew Miller argues that the novel's chief theme is "the nature of human ambition", to which Moody adds the relationship between politics and morality, specifically the conflict between the idealism of
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with him and burnt down
Luoyang. The coalition ultimately broke up due to indecisive leadership and conflicting interests among its members. Meanwhile, in Chang'an, Dong Zhuo was betrayed and murdered by his foster son
2392:, while Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang published excerpts in 1981, including chapters 43–50. In 1976, Moss Roberts published an abridged translation containing one fourth of the novel including maps and more than 40
4119:
2379:
The first known translation was performed in 1907 by John G. Steele and consisted of a single chapter excerpt that was distributed in China to students learning
English at Presbyterian missionary schools.
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or restore it. While the novel follows hundreds of characters, the focus is mainly on the three power blocs that emerged from the remnants of the Han dynasty, and would eventually form the three states of
4135:
796:
and villainous officials deceiving the emperor and persecuting those who stood up to them. The Han Empire gradually deteriorated and became increasingly fragmented, with many regional officials being
2165:. Pujing made his first appearance during Guan's arduous journey of crossing five passes and slaying six generals, in which he warned Guan of an assassination plot. As the novel was written in the
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and deliver him safely back to his father; the latter single-handedly held off enemy forces at a bridge by intimidating and staring them down. Liu Bei and his forces managed to rendezvous with
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preserved these descriptions from earlier versions of the novel to support his portrait of Guan as a faithful man of virtue. Guan has since then been respectfully addressed as "Lord Guan" or
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1052:, who had just been defeated by Cao Cao. However, Lü Bu betrayed his host, seized control of the province and attacked Liu Bei. After combining forces with Cao Cao to defeat Lü Bu at the
534:
1606:
between good and evil. The heroes know that the end of the empire is ordained by this cosmic cycle of division and unity, yet their choices are moral, based on loyalty, not political.
1548:
famously wrote that the novel was "seven-parts fact and three-parts fiction." The fictional parts are culled from different sources, including unofficial histories, folk stories, the
1471:, a disgruntled Wei general, but their plan failed and Zhong Hui was killed by Wei troops while Jiang Wei died by suicide. Shortly after the fall of Shu, Sima Zhao died and his son,
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of Luo's text, made between 1522 and 1690, are also held at libraries around the world. However, the standard text familiar to general readers is a recension by Mao Lun and his son
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consecutively attempted to usurp the throne but were eventually ousted from power and eliminated in coups. Although stability was temporarily restored in Wu, the last Wu emperor,
5038:
3354:
2169:, more than 1,000 years after the era, these stories showed that Buddhism had long been a significant ingredient of the mainstream culture and may not be historically accurate.
1111:, Cao Cao achieved complete dominance of northern China. The territories in central and northern China which came under Cao Cao's control became the foundation of the state of
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502:; it has a total of 800,000 words and nearly a thousand dramatic characters (mostly historical) in 120 chapters. The novel is among the most beloved works of literature in
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along with military manuals. Indeed, it is one of only two
Chinese novels that had a Manchu translation put into print during the Qing dynasty (the other being
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in the ruins of Luoyang and secretly kept it for himself. When Yuan Shao confronted him, he refused to hand over the Imperial Seal and left, but was attacked by
2436:). According to its publisher, this translation is an unabridged "dynamic translation" intended to be more readable than past English translations of the novel.
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The story – part historical and part fictional – romanticises and dramatises the lives of feudal lords and their retainers, who tried to supplant the dwindling
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from three Chinese versions of the novel. Roberts's abridgement is reader-friendly, being written for use in colleges and to be read by the general public.
1250:. By then, Liu Bei ruled over a vast stretch of land from Yi Province to southern Jing Province; these territories served as the foundation of the state of
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and pledged to do their best for the people. However, their ambitions were not realised as they did not receive due recognition for helping to suppress the
4250:
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2355:(the first translation of the novel into a European language). It was also back-translated into Chinese in a bilingual Manchu-Chinese edition during the
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tribes, to attack Shu, in coordination with a Wei army. However, Zhuge Liang managed to make the five armies retreat without any bloodshed. He also sent
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When a plan to falsely offer something backfires with the result that the thing originally offered is appropriated by the intended victim of the hoax.
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better acknowledgement of southern China's historical importance, while still portraying some prejudice against the south. The Qing dynasty historian
966:
was founded later. Tragically, Sun Ce also died at the pinnacle of his career from illness under stress of his terrifying encounter with the ghost of
4596:
2417:
faithful to the original; it is reliable yet still matches the tone and style of the classic text. Yang Ye, a professor in Chinese Literature at the
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king – King of Wei – while Sun Quan was known as the Duke of Wu. In eastern China, Sun Quan and Cao Cao's forces fought in various battles along the
488:. The novel deals with the plots, personal and military battles, intrigues, and struggles of these states to achieve dominance for almost 100 years.
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as a continuation of the Han dynasty. While Liu Bei was planning to avenge Guan Yu, Zhang Fei was assassinated in his sleep by his subordinates.
2979:
Constantine Tung, "Cosmic Foreordination and Human Commitment: The Tragic Volition in Three Kingdoms", in Kimberly Ann Besio, Constantine Tung.
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The opening lines of the novel, "The empire, long divided, must unite; long united, must divide. Thus it has ever been", added by Mao Lun and
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and others, and they planned to assassinate Cao Cao. However, their plans were leaked, and Cao Cao had Dong Cheng and the others arrested and
644:
Regardless of when it was written or whether Luo was the writer, the author made use of several available historical records, primarily the
4955:
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1822:
It means that wives and children, like clothing, are replaceable if lost but the same does not hold true for one's brothers (or friends).
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also turned out to be an incompetent ruler who trusted corrupt officials. Shu gradually declined under Liu Shan's rule and was eventually
3887:
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by Emperor Xian, led his forces on a southern campaign to eliminate Liu Bei and Sun Quan. By then, Liu Biao had died and his younger son
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The long years of battle between Shu and Wei saw many changes in the ruling Cao family in Wei. The influence of the Caos weakened after
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1353:. Lu Xun initially pursued Liu Bei during his retreat, but gave up after getting trapped inside and barely escaping from Zhuge Liang's
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from illness a few months later. On his deathbed, Liu Bei granted Zhuge Liang permission to take the throne if his son and successor,
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period) known for compiling historical plays in styles which were prevalent during the Yuan period. It was first printed in 1522 as
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1540:, a chronological collection of eighty fictional sketches starting with the peach garden oath and ending with Zhuge Liang's death.
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Three inferior people can overpower a superior person when they combine their strengths. One variation is "subordinate generals" (
641:) in an edition which bore a preface dated 1494. The text may well have circulated before either date in handwritten manuscripts.
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2301:
1528:
847:, under the pretext of protecting the emperor. Dong Zhuo later deposed Emperor Shao and replaced him with the Prince of Chenliu (
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In 2014, Tuttle published a new, three-volume translation of the novel, translated by Yu Sumei and edited by Ronald C. Iverson (
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Relations between Liu Bei and Sun Quan deteriorated after Zhou Yu's death, but not to the point of war. Following Zhuge Liang's
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1380:, proved to be an inept ruler. Zhuge Liang firmly refused and swore to remain faithful to the trust Liu Bei had placed in him.
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Brothers are like limbs, wives and children are like clothing. Torn clothing can be repaired; how can broken limbs be mended?
1561:
Some non-historical scenes in the novel have become well-known and subsequently became a part of traditional Chinese culture.
1502:. The fall of Wu marked the end of the near century-long era of civil strife historically known as the Three Kingdoms period.
1071:
Liu Bei had already left the imperial capital when the plot was exposed, and he moved on to seize control of Xu Province from
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718:'s advisers and generals were removed. Scholars have long debated whether the Maos' viewpoint was anti-Qing (identifying
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In the meantime, the Han Empire was already disintegrating into civil war as warlords fought for territories and power.
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710:, Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang significantly edited the text, fitting it into 120 chapters, and abbreviating the title to
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was part of the emergence of written vernacular during the Ming period, as part of the so-called "Four Masterworks" (
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to the throne, in exchange for troops and horses. Sun Ce then secured himself a power base in the rich riverlands of
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Bojun Shen, translated by Kimberly Basio, "Studies of Three Kingdoms in the New Century," in Besio and Tong, eds.,
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is comparable to the Bible in East Asia. It's one of the most-read if not, the most-read classics in the region.
2388:. Z. Q. Parker published a 1925 translation containing four episodes from the novel including the events of the
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915:(acting on Yuan Shao's instruction) on the way back to his base. At the same time, Yuan Shao waged war against
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gradually rose to power in Wei, his intention to usurp state power became more obvious. The young Wei emperor
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who specialized in the Three Kingdoms hero cycles. The earliest written work to combine these stories was a
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Luo, Guanzhong, attributed to, translated from the Chinese with afterword and notes by Moss Roberts (1991).
3128:
Crossley, Pamela Kyle; Rawski, Evelyn S. (June 1993). "A Profile of The Manchu Language in Ch'ing History".
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This proverb describes the situation of a person borrowing something without the intention of returning it.
1440:'s death and state power eventually fell into the hands of the regent Sima Yi and subsequently to his sons,
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Liangyan Ge, "Out of the margins: the rise of Chinese vernacular fiction", University of Hawaii Press, 2001
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866:, and sent out a fake imperial edict to various warlords, calling them to rise up against Dong Zhuo. Under
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to replace the Han dynasty. About a year later, Liu Bei declared himself emperor and founded the state of
843:, who escorted them back to the palace and used the opportunity to seize control of the imperial capital,
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against Wei for three decades, but ultimately failed to achieve any significant success. The Shu emperor
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to make peace with Sun Quan and restore the alliance between Shu and Wu. Zhuge Liang then personally led
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2733:. Vol. 1. C.H. Brewitt-Taylor (Translator), Robert E. Hegel (Introduction). Tuttle. pp. viii.
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3432:. Translated by Idema, W. L.; West, Stephen H. Indianapolis, IN; Cambridge, MA: Hackett Publishing.
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If a vote were taken among the people of China as to the greatest among their countless novels, the
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Moody, Peter R. Jr. (April 1975). "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Popular Chinese Thought".
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is on par with the works of Shakespeare... in the same way that people in Britain grow up studying
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victories against Sun Quan's forces, a series of strategic mistakes resulted in Sun Quan's general
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3560:. Vol. 2. English translation by Charles H. Brewitt-Taylor, Introduction by Robert E. Hegel.
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Stories about the heroes of the Three Kingdoms were the basis of entertainment dating back to the
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After Liu Bei's death, Cao Pi induced several forces, including Sun Quan, a turncoat Shu general
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Shortly after Guan Yu's death, Cao Cao died of a brain tumour in Luoyang. His son and successor,
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3470:(1968) rpr. Cornell East Asia Series. Ithaca, N.Y.: East Asia Program, Cornell University, 1996.
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displayed heroics: the former fought his way through enemy lines to rescue Liu Bei's infant son
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stated that among the Chinese themselves, this is regarded as the greatest of all their novels.
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3463:. Essays on this novel's literary aspects, use of history, and in contemporary popular culture.
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In Wu, there had been internal conflict among the nobles since Sun Quan's death. The regents
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The following is a summary of the central plot and some well-known highlights in the novel.
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in China, corruption was rampant on all levels throughout the government, with treacherous
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after their victory, but Liu Bei won and took over the territories from Cao Cao's general
514:. It is arguably the most widely read historical novel in late imperial and modern China.
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3258:"The Manchu Translations of Chinese Novels and Short Stories: An Attempt at an Inventory"
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A complete and faithful translation of the novel was published in two volumes in 1925 by
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against the Nanman, defeated them seven times, and won the allegiance of the Nanman king
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In the summer of 200, after months of preparations, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao clashed at the
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from chronic illness and his condition worsened under stress. He died of illness at the
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in Japan, and several other major libraries. Various 10-volume, 12-volume and 20-volume
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has been retold in numerous forms including television series, manga and video games.
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The beginning chapter lists from a printed commentary edition of the novel, volume one
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1913:. Describes the situation of a person appearing precisely when being spoken about.
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to serve him, built up his military forces, and maintained stability in Jiangdong.
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3673:"Writing History, Writing Fiction: The Remaking of Cao Cao in Song Historiography"
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The Manchu translation was itself translated into a number of languages including
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Meanwhile, Sun Jian was killed in an ambush by Liu Biao's forces. His eldest son,
4883:
4851:
4657:
4639:
4350:
2352:
2344:
2272:
1328:, forced Emperor Xian to abdicate the throne to him and established the state of
1053:
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1498:, turned out to be a tyrant. Wu, the last of the Three Kingdoms, was eventually
1254:
later. Liu Bei declared himself King of Hanzhong after defeating Cao Cao in the
1060:, and ordered him to get rid of Cao Cao. Dong Cheng secretly contacted Liu Bei,
815:
The rebellion was barely suppressed by imperial forces commanded by the general
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2348:
2254:
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919:
to consolidate his power in northern China. Other warlords such as Cao Cao and
824:
703:
262:
3688:
3496:. Berkeley; Beijing: University of California Press; Foreign Languages Press.
3305:
Literary Migrations: Traditional Chinese Fiction in Asia (17th-20th Centuries)
3262:
Literary Migrations: Traditional Chinese Fiction in Asia (17th-20th Centuries)
2928:
1732:
1079:, but they were defeated by Cao Cao's forces again so they retreated south to
733:, long divided, must unite; long united, must divide. Thus it has ever been" (
5099:
5089:
4963:
4875:
4623:
4374:
3903:
3696:
3652:. Vol. 3. English translation by Yu Sumei, Edited by Ronald C. Iverson.
3629:. Vol. 2. English translation by Yu Sumei, Edited by Ronald C. Iverson.
3606:. Vol. 1. English translation by Yu Sumei, Edited by Ronald C. Iverson.
3478:
2726:
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2336:
2225:
2170:
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1691:
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1080:
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747:
as the famous introductory poem (which began with "The gushing waters of the
719:
618:
515:
435:
49:
3750:
3672:
2161:
recorded stories of a Buddhist monk called Pujing (普净), who was a friend of
1360:
870:'s leadership, eighteen warlords formed a coalition and launched a punitive
800:
with their own armies. In the meantime, the common people suffered, and the
5077:
4939:
4604:
3851:
3808:
2418:
2321:
2277:
2267:
2166:
2101:
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1602:
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as the main historical source. Other major influences include Liu Yiqing's
1277:, but neither side managed to gain a significant advantage over the other.
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4382:
4318:
4065:
3982:
3762:
3221:
Durrant, Stephen (1979). "Sino-manchu Translations at the Mukden Court".
2244:
has been described as having "a tremendous impact on the Thai worldview".
1365:
1239:
1132:
1045:
959:
916:
879:
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543:
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1569:
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1373:
963:
485:
300:
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164:
3242:
3050:
Global Crisis: War, Climate and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century
1314:
5046:
Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game : Ignition Assault and Eternity Code
4699:
4030:
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3653:
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3534:
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1766:
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839:
The missing emperor and prince were found by soldiers of the warlord
805:
738:
692:
651:
503:
465:
314:
3583:. English translation by Moss Roberts, Introduction by Shi Changyu.
3141:
2760:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), pp. 937, 938, 964.
2595:
Mirroring the Past: The Writing and Use of History in Imperial China
1623:
4020:
4015:
3992:
3234:
2049:
2045:
1714:
1706:
1491:
1487:
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1377:
1285:
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1165:
1157:
1084:
971:
955:
947:
939:
in a series of wars and gained control over much of central China.
932:
912:
904:
888:
820:
606:
in plain language'), published sometime between 1321 and 1323.
335:
5084:
3475:
Romance of the Three Kingdoms (illustrated in English and Chinese)
1738:
1188:
In 208, Liu Bei dispatched Zhuge Liang on a diplomatic mission to
1115:, which would later be established by Cao Cao's son and successor
1049:
928:
884:
554:(10th–13th centuries), there were several records of professional
4931:
4326:
3997:
3987:
3972:
3967:
3756:
3584:
2459:, list of fictional people of the Three Kingdoms period (220–280)
2258:
2162:
2090:
2053:
1999:
Eastern Wu arranges a false marriage that turns into a real one.
1770:
1742:
1718:
1495:
1437:
1425:
1389:
1333:
1329:
1306:
1293:
1251:
1218:
1198:
The Sun–Liu forces scored a decisive victory over Cao Cao at the
1194:
1169:
1112:
1061:
1021:
1014:
1007:
975:
924:
920:
898:
856:
844:
819:. Shortly after Emperor Ling's death, He Jin installed the young
797:
779:
730:
723:
715:
481:
477:
373:
3344:(Shanghai: Kelly & and Walsh, 2nd edition 1923):pp. 197-201.
1918:
Three reeking tanners (are enough to) overcome one Zhuge Liang.
19:
This article is about the historical novel. For other uses, see
3717:
2325:
1710:
1479:, to abdicate the throne to him. Sima Yan then established the
1393:
1325:
1262:
1177:
1116:
1108:
967:
943:
816:
793:
587:
421:
1261:
At the same time, Emperor Xian awarded Cao Cao the title of a
1172:, who had left earlier to seek help from Liu Biao's elder son
823:
on the throne and took control of the central government. The
621:, a playwright who lived sometime between 1315 and 1400 (late
450:, starting in 184 AD and ending with the reunification of the
3201:"The Textual History of Sanguo Yanyi: The Manchu Translation"
1455:
inherited Zhuge Liang's legacy and continued to lead another
983:
381:
95:
4915:
3745:
The Textual History of Sanguo Yanyi: The Manchu Translation
2650:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 368–369.
1512:
List of fictitious stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms
1415:
After pacifying the south, Zhuge Liang led the Shu army on
1213:
Sun Quan and Liu Bei started vying for control of southern
855:), who failed and died a gruesome death; the second was by
808:
and his brothers) eventually broke out during the reign of
4048:
2187:
List of media adaptations of Romance of the Three Kingdoms
1577:
printed edition of the novel from 1591, collection of the
946:, delivered the Imperial Seal as a tribute to the warlord
662:
in 184 to the unification of the Three Kingdoms under the
3466:
Hsia, Chih-tsing,"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms," in
2509:"(Review) Historical China film lives up to expectations"
1424:
while leading a stalemate battle against the Wei general
1156:
and defeated them. During the battle, Liu Bei's generals
354:
340:
326:
3035:
The novel had a tremendous impact on the Thai worldview.
1205:
1096:
and camped along the northern bank of the Yellow River.
305:
2648:
The Four Masterworks of the Ming Novel: Ssu ta ch'i-shu
1127:
In the meantime, Liu Biao had put Liu Bei in charge of
3165:
Cultural Hybridity in Manchu Bannermen Tales (zidishu)
3101:
Mair, Victor H.; Chen, Sanping; Wood, Frances (2013).
3077:
The Military Collapse of China's Ming Dynasty, 1618–44
2300:), was first attempted in 1631 by the eminent scholar
1467:. Jiang Wei attempted to restore Shu with the help of
874:. After Dong Zhuo lost the battles of Sishui Pass and
530:
Pages from a printed edition of the novel, volume five
5061:
4227:
Fantasy of Three Kingdoms: The Yellow Turban Uprising
3751:
Chinese text with embedded Chinese-English dictionary
2952:
281:
267:
253:
3455:. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2007.
2597:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 86.
2371:
has been translated into English a number of times.
2332:
that could be dated with certainty in any language.
2154:
Chinese Buddhism § Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE)
1229:
679:
Luo Guanzhong's version in 24 volumes, known as the
40:
Title pages from a 1591 printed edition of the novel
4948:
SD Gundam Sangokuden: Romance of the Three Kingdoms
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
2807:
2805:
878:, he forced the citizens of Luoyang to relocate to
859:, who was also unsuccessful but managed to escape.
674:
3553:
3468:The Classic Chinese Novel: A Critical Introduction
2752:
2750:
2695:. Taylor & Francis. 1998. pp. 1221–1222.
2515:. Archived from the original on 25 December 2011.
982:and others, Sun Quan found hidden talents such as
3421:
3104:Chinese Lives: The People Who Made a Civilization
2692:Encyclopedia of Literary Translation into English
2423:Encyclopedia of Literary Translation into English
1349:inflicting a calamitous defeat on Liu Bei at the
5097:
3451:Besio, Kimberly Ann and Constantine Tung, eds.,
3384:Template, Madwire Media, MADwhite Wireframe BC.
3182:
2802:
862:Cao Cao fled from Luoyang, returned to his home
3430:Records of the Three Kingdoms in Plain Language
3386:"The Three Kingdoms, Volume 1: The Sacred Oath"
3347:
3080:(illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 16.
3053:(illustrated ed.). Yale University Press.
2747:
2449:, list of historical people significant to the
2324:(1597–1666), commissioned by the prince-regent
1585:In the introduction to the 1959 reprint of the
891:as part of a plot orchestrated by the minister
438:. It is set in the turbulent years towards the
4120:Sangokushi: Dai Ichi Bu - Eiyuu-tachi no Yoake
3127:
2457:List of fictional people of the Three Kingdoms
899:Conflict among the various warlords and nobles
780:Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Ten Attendants
666:in 280. The novel also includes material from
21:Romance of the Three Kingdoms (disambiguation)
5146:Chinese novels adapted into television series
3888:
3778:
3107:(illustrated ed.). Thames & Hudson.
2894:
2834:"The Immortals by the River (楊慎 臨江仙) 滚滚长江东逝水"
2793:
2777:
2775:
2617:
2315:
2305:
1083:, where they took shelter under the governor
752:
223:
209:
156:
59:
4956:Yawaraka Sangokushi Tsukisase!! Ryofuko-chan
4343:Yawaraka Sangokushi Tsukisase!! Ryofuko-chan
3516:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3409:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3100:
2885:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2493:
2491:
2374:
2230:History of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2061:Every person on the street knows what is in
1431:
1122:
3716:. Italian translation by Vincenzo Cannata.
1780:Besides the famous Peach Garden Oath, many
1652:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1594:political thought and the harsh realism of
1292:in the Sichuan Provincial Museum depicting
609:
597:
4458:The Legendary Prime Minister – Zhuge Liang
4367:SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors
4195:Three Kingdoms: Resurrection of the Dragon
4136:Sangokushi: Dai San Bu - Harukanaru Taichi
3895:
3881:
3792:
3785:
3771:
3444:Translation of the 13th century anonymous
3270:10.1355/9789814414333-009/html?lang=en
2876:
2867:
2784:
2772:
1383:
1028:swore allegiance to the Han Empire in the
3427:
3214:
2664:
2488:
1784:in use today are derived from the novel:
1672:Learn how and when to remove this message
3223:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2219:
2203:
2024:Losing the lady and crippling the army.
1568:
1359:
1284:
1204:
993:
784:In the late second century, towards the
767:
729:The famous opening lines of the novel, "
533:
525:
3670:
3220:
2958:
2641:
2639:
2328:. This is the first translation of the
1529:A New Account of the Tales of the World
1238:, Liu Bei led his forces westward into
1183:
1105:victorious campaign beyond the frontier
521:
5098:
3529:. Vol. 1. English translation by
3298:
3046:
2943:
2592:
2471:Military history of the Three Kingdoms
1873:Speak of Cao Cao and Cao Cao arrives.
1505:
834:
702:In the 1660s, during the reign of the
458:. The novel is based primarily on the
356:
283:
4805:OMG!三国霸王 新马版 - Gods of Three Kingdoms
4128:Sangokushi: Dai Ni Bu - Choukou Moyu!
4047:
3876:
3766:
3473:Li Chengli, Zhang Qirong, Wu Jingyu.
3264:, ISEAS Publishing, pp. 93–126,
3136:(1). Harvard-Yenching Institute: 93.
3073:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2645:
2625:. London: W. Heinemann. p. 277.
2546:
2476:Timeline of the Three Kingdoms period
2447:Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
1000:Visiting the Thatched Hut Three Times
998:Liu Bei recruiting Zhuge Liang, from
989:
16:14th-century Chinese historical novel
4112:Sangokushi II: Amakakeru Otoko-tachi
3383:
3255:
2973:
2721:
2719:
2636:
2593:Ng, On-cho; Wang, Q. Edward (2005).
1650:adding citations to reliable sources
1617:
1564:
1131:. During this time, Liu Bei visited
4708:Dragon Throne: Battle of Red Cliffs
3711:
3647:
3624:
3601:
3578:
3551:
3533:, Introduction by Robert E. Hegel.
3524:
3491:
3307:, ISEAS Publishing, pp. 1–36,
3014:
2811:
2756:Moss Roberts, "Afterword," in Luo,
2506:
2216:, from early 20th-century Indonesia
2185:For a more comprehensive list, see
2147:
1339:
1319:a stealth invasion on Jing Province
1280:
1258:and capturing Hanzhong Commandery.
1209:Traditional site of the Red Cliffs.
1090:
751:pour and disappear into the East",
13:
4988:SD Gundam World Sangoku Soketsuden
4692:Three Kingdoms: Fate of the Dragon
4391:SD Gundam World Sangoku Soketsuden
3494:Three Kingdoms: A Historical Novel
3453:Three Kingdoms and Chinese Culture
3130:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
2981:Three Kingdoms and Chinese Culture
2903:
2859:Three Kingdoms and Chinese Culture
2725:
2044:The "lady" lost here was actually
1613:
1066:executed along with their families
14:
5217:
5136:Chinese novels adapted into films
4415:Fantasia Sango - Realm of Legends
3757:Bilingual Chinese-English version
3735:
2983:(Albany: SUNY Press, 2007), p. 4.
2716:
2631:would indubitably come out first.
1483:to replace the state of Cao Wei.
1244:seized control of the territories
1230:Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province
5083:
5071:
4740:Atlantica Online: Three Kingdoms
3714:Il Romanzo dei Tre Regni, 3 vols
3195:
3017:Golden Dragon and Purple Phoenix
2547:Shoji, Kaori (6 November 2008).
2411:Chinese Maritime Customs Service
2384:included an excerpt in his 1923
1759:
1731:
1699:
1622:
1144:decided to surrender control of
675:Recensions and standardised text
658:covered events ranging from the
34:
5141:Novels adapted into video games
4764:River City Saga: Three Kingdoms
3377:
3355:"Romance of the Three Kingdoms"
3335:
3292:
3249:
3156:
3121:
3094:
3067:
3040:
3008:
2999:
2986:
2964:
2851:
2826:
2817:
2763:
2623:A History of Chinese Literature
2507:Kim, Hyung-eun (11 July 2008).
2199:
1832:– borrowing without returning.
1475:, forced the last Wei emperor,
831:, disappeared from the palace.
617:is traditionally attributed to
382:
355:
341:
327:
306:
3422:References and further reading
3313:10.1355/9789814414333-005/html
2611:
2586:
2540:
2500:
2463:List of fictitious stories in
2409:, a long time official of the
2180:
2124:
2116:
2080:
2072:
2039:
2031:
2014:
2006:
1983:
1975:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1816:
1808:
773:Three Heroes of Three Kingdoms
753:
734:
638:
634:
592:
583:
575:
426:
417:
409:
282:
268:
254:
224:
210:
29:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
1:
5206:Novels set in the 3rd century
5201:Novels set in the 2nd century
5126:Novels set in the Eastern Han
5106:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
5039:Daisenran!! Sangokushi Battle
5031:Legends of the Three Kingdoms
4597:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
4474:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
4359:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
4295:Yokoyama Mitsuteru Sangokushi
3909:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
3817:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
3556:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
3527:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2994:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2731:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2519:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2465:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2399:
2369:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2263:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2242:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2228:appendix of the novel titled
2210:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2194:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2159:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2138:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
2136:The writing style adopted by
1817:兄弟如手足，妻子如衣服。衣服破，尚可縫； 手足斷，安可續？
1809:兄弟如手足，妻子如衣服。衣服破，尚可缝； 手足断，安可续？
1688:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
1556:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
1536:), published in 430, and the
1523:Records of the Three Kingdoms
887:in a dispute over the maiden
656:Records of the Three Kingdoms
647:Records of the Three Kingdoms
615:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
604:Records of the Three Kingdoms
550:(6th–10th centuries). By the
492:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
461:Records of the Three Kingdoms
401:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
189:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
176:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
4684:The Legend of Three Kingdoms
2481:
2407:Charles Henry Brewitt-Taylor
2284:A Manchu translation of the
2106:and the old should not read
1990:) instead of "tanners" (皮匠;
1500:conquered by the Jin dynasty
1313:, Sun Quan sent his general
7:
5111:14th-century Chinese novels
4860:Ginga Sengoku Gun'yūden Rai
4303:Ginga Sengoku Gun'yūden Rai
4235:Fantasy of Three Kingdoms 2
3852:The Plum in the Golden Vase
3759:at the Chinese Text Project
2629:Story of the Three Kingdoms
2440:
1269:, including the battles of
496:Four Great Classical Novels
494:is acclaimed as one of the
10:
5222:
5131:Novels adapted into comics
4574:The Wind Blows from Longxi
4052:and other derivative works
3587:: Foreign Language Press.
3342:Gems of Chinese Literature
3074:Swope, Kenneth M. (2014).
2900:Roberts 1991, pp. 959, 983
2386:Gems of Chinese Literature
2362:
2261:was an avid reader of the
2184:
2151:
2099:The young should not read
1509:
1364:An artist's impression of
1040:. After Liu Bei succeeded
1038:campaign against Dong Zhuo
872:campaign against Dong Zhuo
744:The Immortals by the River
18:
5006:
4835:
4748:Total War: Three Kingdoms
4588:
4441:
4286:
4279:
4146:
4091:
4084:
4057:
4043:
4006:
3958:
3949:
3931:
3916:
3843:
3800:
3689:10.1179/mon.2012.60.1.003
3671:McLaren, Anne E. (2012).
3531:Charles H. Brewitt-Taylor
3299:Salmon, Claudine (2013),
3047:Parker, Geoffrey (2013).
2929:10.1017/s0034670500023238
2799:Roberts 1991, pp. 967–971
2532:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2375:Excerpts and abridgements
2316:
2306:
2248:
2238:Royal Society of Thailand
1795:
1792:
1789:
1432:End of the Three Kingdoms
1417:five military expeditions
1123:Zhuge Liang joins Liu Bei
1036:and participating in the
962:), on which the state of
852:
393:
372:
365:
348:
334:
320:
313:
299:
292:
275:
261:
247:
240:
235:
231:
217:
203:
198:
194:
187:
170:
157:
150:
138:
130:
122:Published in English
120:
112:
102:
91:
83:
75:
67:
60:
55:
45:
33:
4732:Heroes of Three Kingdoms
3941:Oath of the Peach Garden
3833:Dream of the Red Chamber
3552:Luo, Guanzhong (2002) .
3525:Luo, Guanzhong (2002) .
3015:Lee, Khoon Choy (2013).
2549:"War as wisdom and gore"
2208:A translated version of
1422:Battle of Wuzhang Plains
1176:, and they retreated to
1048:, he offered shelter to
1030:Oath of the Peach Garden
654:in the 3rd century. The
610:Expansion of the history
205:Traditional Chinese
5196:Novels set in Chongqing
4780:Three Kingdoms Zhao Yun
4772:Wo Long: Fallen Dynasty
4498:Where the Legend Begins
4490:The Legend of Guan Gong
3712:Luo, Guanzhong (2022).
3648:Luo, Guanzhong (2014).
3625:Luo, Guanzhong (2014).
3602:Luo, Guanzhong (2014).
3579:Luo, Guanzhong (2006).
2891:Roberts 1991, pp. 958–9
2394:woodblock illustrations
2232:, with notes by Prince
1573:An illustration from a
1465:conquered by Wei forces
1384:Zhuge Liang's campaigns
1034:Yellow Turban Rebellion
802:Yellow Turban Rebellion
760:
660:Yellow Turban Rebellion
219:Simplified Chinese
5176:Novels set in Shandong
4399:SD Gundam World Heroes
3920:end of the Han Dynasty
3794:Classic Chinese Novels
3168:. 2007. pp. 25–.
2917:The Review of Politics
2646:Plaks, Andrew (1987).
2245:
2217:
1582:
1369:
1301:
1210:
1011:
776:
681:Sanguozhi Tongsu Yanyi
631:Sanguozhi Tongsu Yanyi
539:
531:
440:end of the Han dynasty
5186:Novels set in Jiangxi
5171:Novels set in Shaanxi
5161:Novels set in Jiangsu
5156:Novels set in Sichuan
5015:Portal Three Kingdoms
4676:Destiny of an Emperor
4566:The Advisors Alliance
4542:Legend of Goddess Luo
3924:Three Kingdoms period
3656:: Tuttle Publishing.
3633:: Tuttle Publishing.
3610:: Tuttle Publishing.
3564:: Tuttle Publishing.
3537:: Tuttle Publishing.
3256:Gimm, Martin (2013),
2882:Roberts 1991, pg. 954
2873:Roberts 1991, pg. 981
2838:Vincent's Calligraphy
2790:Roberts 1991, pg. 965
2781:Roberts 1991, pg. 980
2497:Roberts 1991, pg. 940
2451:Three Kingdoms period
2288:, known in Manchu as
2223:
2207:
1572:
1516:The novel draws from
1363:
1288:
1208:
997:
771:
689:Tenri Central Library
683:, is now held in the
537:
529:
4826:Huyết Chiến Thiên Hạ
4558:God of War, Zhao Yun
2970:Hegel 2002, p. ix–x;
2769:Roberts, pp. 946–53.
2513:Korea JoongAng Daily
2390:Battle of Red Cliffs
2359:period (1723–1735).
2320:; d. 1651) and
2224:The cover of a 1928
1646:improve this section
1200:Battle of Red Cliffs
1184:Battle of Red Cliffs
522:Origins and versions
468:in the 3rd century.
430:) is a 14th-century
342:Saam1-gwok3 jin2-ji6
5191:Novels set in Hunan
5181:Novels set in Hebei
5166:Novels set in Hubei
5151:Novels set in Henan
5121:Ming dynasty novels
4908:The Ravages of Time
4431:The Ravages of Time
3933:Fictitious subplots
3844:Additional classics
3825:Journey to the West
3820:(late 14th century)
3801:Four Classic Novels
2121:traditional Chinese
2077:traditional Chinese
2036:traditional Chinese
2011:traditional Chinese
1980:traditional Chinese
1962:traditional Chinese
1946:traditional Chinese
1930:traditional Chinese
1901:traditional Chinese
1885:traditional Chinese
1860:traditional Chinese
1844:traditional Chinese
1813:traditional Chinese
1506:Historical accuracy
1406:a southern campaign
1355:Stone Sentinel Maze
1138:Imperial Chancellor
1044:as the governor of
835:Dong Zhuo's tyranny
580:traditional Chinese
406:traditional Chinese
56:Original title
30:
4980:Record of Ragnarok
4534:Three Kingdoms RPG
4407:Record of Ragnarok
4335:Kōtetsu Sangokushi
4251:Legend of Zhao Yun
4211:The Lost Bladesman
4163:The Witty Sorcerer
3836:(mid-18th century)
3812:(mid-14th century)
3650:The Three Kingdoms
3627:The Three Kingdoms
3604:The Three Kingdoms
3428:Anonymous (2016).
2290:Ilan gurun-i bithe
2246:
2234:Damrong Rajanubhab
2218:
2113:simplified Chinese
2069:simplified Chinese
2028:simplified Chinese
2003:simplified Chinese
1972:simplified Chinese
1954:simplified Chinese
1938:simplified Chinese
1922:simplified Chinese
1911:speak of the devil
1893:simplified Chinese
1877:simplified Chinese
1852:simplified Chinese
1836:simplified Chinese
1828:Liu Bei "borrows"
1805:simplified Chinese
1583:
1370:
1311:Battle of Fancheng
1302:
1246:from the governor
1211:
1012:
990:Liu Bei's ambition
777:
572:simplified Chinese
540:
532:
512:English literature
500:Chinese literature
414:simplified Chinese
87:Historical fiction
28:
5116:Historical novels
5059:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5023:Sangokushi Taisen
4716:Sangokushi Taisen
4668:Knights of Valour
4584:
4583:
4275:
4274:
4258:Knights of Valour
4039:
4038:
3870:
3869:
3727:978-88-7984-765-0
3720:: Editrice Luni.
3487:978-981-229-491-3
3446:Sanguozhi pinghua
3390:Tuttle Publishing
3322:978-981-4414-33-3
3279:978-981-4414-33-3
3175:978-0-549-44084-0
2823:Hegel 2002, p. ix
2740:978-0-8048-3467-4
2192:The story of the
2134:
2133:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1579:Peking University
1565:Literary analysis
1550:Sanguozhi Pinghua
1538:Sanguozhi Pinghua
1256:Hanzhong Campaign
829:Prince of Chenliu
600:
593:Sānguózhì Pínghuà
567:Sanguozhi Pinghua
556:oral storytellers
397:
396:
389:
388:
322:Yale Romanization
242:Standard Mandarin
183:
182:
113:Publication place
5213:
5088:
5087:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5067:
4996:Ya Boy Kongming!
4836:Comics and manga
4788:Kingdom Heroes M
4632:Dynasty Warriors
4613:Warriors of Fate
4450:God of River Lok
4423:Ya Boy Kongming!
4284:
4283:
4265:Dynasty Warriors
4155:Dingjun Mountain
4089:
4088:
4045:
4044:
3956:
3955:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3764:
3763:
3753:at Chinese Notes
3731:
3708:
3677:Monumenta Serica
3667:
3644:
3621:
3598:
3575:
3559:
3548:
3521:
3515:
3507:
3443:
3415:
3414:
3408:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3361:. Archived from
3359:Chinese Bookshop
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3193:
3180:
3179:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3021:World Scientific
3012:
3006:
3003:
2997:
2990:
2984:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2949:Luo 2006, pg. 14
2947:
2941:
2940:
2912:
2901:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2865:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2770:
2767:
2761:
2754:
2745:
2744:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2687:
2662:
2661:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2566:
2564:
2555:. Archived from
2544:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2523:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2382:Herbert A. Giles
2319:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2299:
2148:Buddhist aspects
2126:
2118:
2082:
2074:
2041:
2033:
2016:
2008:
1985:
1977:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1865:
1857:
1849:
1841:
1818:
1810:
1787:
1786:
1782:Chinese proverbs
1773:in Qingyangqiang
1763:
1735:
1703:
1677:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1626:
1618:
1372:Liu Bei died in
1351:Battle of Yiling
1340:Battle of Yiling
1281:Death of Guan Yu
1101:Battle of Guandu
1091:Battle of Guandu
854:
756:
755:
736:
735:話說天下大勢．分久必合，合久必分
685:Shanghai Library
640:
636:
601:
598:
594:
585:
577:
432:historical novel
428:
419:
411:
385:
384:
361:
360:
359:
344:
343:
330:
329:
309:
308:
288:
287:
286:
271:
270:
257:
256:
233:
232:
227:
226:
213:
212:
185:
184:
162:
161:
104:Publication date
63:
62:
38:
31:
27:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5082:
5072:
5070:
5062:
5060:
5051:
5002:
4852:Tenchi wo Kurau
4831:
4819:Loạn Đấu Võ Lâm
4658:Warriors Orochi
4640:Dynasty Tactics
4580:
4437:
4271:
4142:
4080:
4053:
4035:
4002:
3945:
3927:
3912:
3901:
3871:
3866:
3839:
3796:
3791:
3738:
3728:
3664:
3641:
3618:
3595:
3572:
3545:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3440:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3392:
3382:
3378:
3368:
3366:
3365:on 15 June 2012
3353:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3297:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3254:
3250:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3194:
3183:
3176:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3142:10.2307/2719468
3126:
3122:
3115:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2992:Luo Guanzhong.
2991:
2987:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2913:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2724:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2689:
2688:
2665:
2658:
2644:
2637:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2591:
2587:
2562:
2560:
2553:The Japan Times
2545:
2541:
2525:
2524:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2443:
2402:
2377:
2365:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2273:Manchu language
2251:
2202:
2190:
2183:
2156:
2150:
2108:Three Kingdoms.
2040:周郎妙計安天下，賠了夫人又折兵
2032:周郎妙计安天下，赔了夫人又折兵
1952:
1936:
1891:
1850:
1796:Interpretation
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1643:
1627:
1616:
1614:Cultural impact
1567:
1514:
1508:
1434:
1386:
1342:
1283:
1232:
1186:
1125:
1093:
1054:Battle of Xiapi
992:
901:
837:
782:
763:
726:) or pro-Qing.
712:Sanguozhi Yanyi
677:
612:
524:
448:Chinese history
328:Sāamgwok yínyih
153:
143:
131:Media type
123:
105:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5219:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5093:
5092:
5080:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5027:
5019:
5010:
5008:
5004:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4992:
4984:
4976:
4968:
4960:
4952:
4944:
4936:
4928:
4924:Dragon Sister!
4920:
4912:
4904:
4896:
4892:Chūka Ichiban!
4888:
4880:
4872:
4868:Three Kingdoms
4864:
4856:
4848:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4784:
4776:
4768:
4760:
4756:Blood of Steel
4752:
4744:
4736:
4728:
4720:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4688:
4680:
4672:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4650:Fantasia Sango
4646:
4645:
4644:
4628:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4601:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4530:
4526:Three Kingdoms
4522:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4502:
4494:
4486:
4478:
4470:
4462:
4454:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4427:
4419:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4371:
4363:
4355:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4311:Chūka Ichiban!
4307:
4299:
4290:
4288:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4261:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4102:
4095:
4093:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4075:(Peking opera)
4069:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3856:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3790:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3741:
3737:
3736:External links
3734:
3733:
3732:
3726:
3709:
3668:
3662:
3645:
3639:
3622:
3616:
3599:
3593:
3581:Three Kingdoms
3576:
3570:
3549:
3543:
3522:
3502:
3489:
3471:
3464:
3449:
3438:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3376:
3346:
3334:
3321:
3301:"Introduction"
3291:
3278:
3248:
3235:10.2307/601450
3229:(4): 653–61 .
3213:
3181:
3174:
3155:
3120:
3114:978-0500771471
3113:
3093:
3087:978-1134462094
3086:
3066:
3060:978-0300189193
3059:
3039:
3029:
3023:. p. 16.
3007:
2998:
2985:
2972:
2963:
2951:
2942:
2923:(2): 178–179.
2902:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2866:
2850:
2825:
2816:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2771:
2762:
2758:Three Kingdoms
2746:
2739:
2727:Lo, Kuan-chung
2715:
2701:
2663:
2656:
2635:
2610:
2603:
2585:
2569:In East Asia,
2559:on 2 June 2021
2539:
2499:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2460:
2454:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:978-0804843935
2426:
2414:
2401:
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2376:
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2250:
2247:
2201:
2198:
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2132:
2131:
2127:
2110:
2096:
2095:
2083:
2066:
2058:
2057:
2042:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1968:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1909:Equivalent to
1907:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1794:
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1705:
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1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1630:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1587:Brewitt-Taylor
1566:
1563:
1546:Zhang Xuecheng
1507:
1504:
1457:nine campaigns
1433:
1430:
1385:
1382:
1341:
1338:
1290:Shadow puppets
1282:
1279:
1236:Longzhong Plan
1231:
1228:
1185:
1182:
1124:
1121:
1092:
1089:
991:
988:
900:
897:
836:
833:
825:Ten Attendants
781:
778:
762:
759:
722:remnants with
704:Kangxi Emperor
676:
673:
611:
608:
523:
520:
454:in 280 by the
444:Three Kingdoms
434:attributed to
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:Sam-kok ián-gī
379:
370:
369:
363:
362:
352:
346:
345:
338:
332:
331:
324:
318:
317:
315:Yue: Cantonese
311:
310:
307:Se-kueh iè-nyî
303:
297:
296:
290:
289:
279:
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272:
265:
259:
258:
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245:
244:
238:
237:
236:Transcriptions
229:
228:
221:
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214:
207:
201:
200:
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118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
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93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
79:Imperial China
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5218:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5079:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4964:Prison School
4961:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4812:Vua Thủ Thành
4809:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4799:Kingdom Story
4797:
4795:
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4661:series (2007)
4660:
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4643:series (2002)
4642:
4641:
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4624:Sango Fighter
4620:
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4375:Prison School
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4219:The Assassins
4216:
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3918:Based on the
3915:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3904:Luo Guanzhong
3898:
3893:
3891:
3886:
3884:
3879:
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3743:Andrew West,
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3640:9780804843942
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3617:9780804843935
3613:
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3594:7-119-00590-1
3590:
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3571:9780804834681
3567:
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3544:9780804834674
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3528:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3505:
3499:
3495:
3490:
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3480:
3479:Asiapac Books
3476:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3441:
3439:9781624665233
3435:
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3030:9789814518499
3026:
3022:
3018:
3011:
3002:
2996:, Chapter 15.
2995:
2989:
2982:
2976:
2967:
2961:, p. 46.
2960:
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2702:1-884964-36-2
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2659:
2657:9780691628202
2653:
2649:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2620:
2619:Herbert Giles
2614:
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2600:
2596:
2589:
2582:
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2270:
2269:
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2256:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:Thai language
2222:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2197:
2195:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:Luo Guanzhong
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2128:
2122:
2114:
2111:
2109:
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2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1955:
1950:三個臭皮匠，賽過一個諸葛亮
1947:
1942:三个臭皮匠，赛过一个诸葛亮
1939:
1934:三個臭皮匠，勝過一個諸葛亮
1931:
1926:三个臭皮匠，胜过一个诸葛亮
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1875:
1872:
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1837:
1834:
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1830:Jing Province
1827:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1752:
1751:Sichuan opera
1748:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1693:
1692:Chinese opera
1689:
1676:
1673:
1665:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1631:This section
1629:
1625:
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1576:
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1539:
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1534:Shishuo Xinyu
1531:
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1513:
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1489:
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1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:Yangtze River
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:Jing Province
1207:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1146:Jing Province
1143:
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1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
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1086:
1082:
1081:Jing Province
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
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1019:oath brothers
1016:
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909:Imperial Seal
906:
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750:
746:
745:
740:
732:
727:
725:
721:
720:Southern Ming
717:
713:
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700:
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694:
690:
686:
682:
672:
669:
665:
661:
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619:Luo Guanzhong
616:
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589:
581:
573:
569:
568:
563:
562:
557:
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549:
545:
536:
528:
519:
517:
516:Herbert Giles
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
487:
483:
479:
474:
469:
467:
464:, written by
463:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:Luo Guanzhong
433:
429:
423:
415:
407:
403:
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392:
380:
378:
375:
371:
368:
364:
358:
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333:
325:
323:
319:
316:
312:
304:
302:
298:
295:
291:
285:
280:
278:
274:
269:San-kuo yen-i
266:
264:
260:
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246:
243:
239:
234:
230:
222:
220:
216:
208:
206:
202:
197:
193:
190:
186:
179:at Wikisource
178:
177:
173:
169:
166:
160:
155:
152:Original text
149:
145:
142:
141:Dewey Decimal
137:
133:
129:
125:
119:
115:
111:
107:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
54:
51:
50:Luo Guanzhong
48:
44:
37:
32:
26:
22:
5044:
5037:
5029:
5021:
5013:
4994:
4986:
4978:
4970:
4962:
4954:
4946:
4938:
4930:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4898:
4890:
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4803:
4798:
4793:
4786:
4778:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4730:
4724:Koihime Musō
4722:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4690:
4682:
4674:
4666:
4656:
4648:
4638:
4630:
4622:
4611:
4605:Dynasty Wars
4603:
4595:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4532:
4524:
4504:
4496:
4488:
4480:
4472:
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4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4301:
4293:
4263:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4072:
4064:
3908:
3907:
3860:The Scholars
3858:
3850:
3831:
3823:
3816:
3815:
3809:Water Margin
3807:
3713:
3683:(1): 45–69.
3680:
3676:
3649:
3626:
3603:
3580:
3555:
3526:
3493:
3474:
3467:
3452:
3445:
3429:
3393:. Retrieved
3389:
3379:
3367:. Retrieved
3363:the original
3358:
3349:
3341:
3337:
3326:, retrieved
3304:
3294:
3283:, retrieved
3261:
3251:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3197:West, Andrew
3164:
3158:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3103:
3096:
3076:
3069:
3049:
3042:
3034:
3016:
3010:
3001:
2993:
2988:
2980:
2975:
2966:
2959:McLaren 2012
2954:
2945:
2920:
2916:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2858:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2837:
2828:
2819:
2814:, p. 5.
2795:
2786:
2765:
2757:
2730:
2708:22 September
2706:. Retrieved
2691:
2647:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2613:
2594:
2588:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2561:. Retrieved
2557:the original
2552:
2542:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2464:
2422:
2419:UC Riverside
2385:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2334:
2329:
2322:Fan Wencheng
2289:
2285:
2283:
2278:Jin Ping Mei
2276:
2268:Water Margin
2266:
2262:
2252:
2241:
2229:
2209:
2200:Translations
2193:
2191:
2174:
2167:Ming dynasty
2158:
2157:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2125:少不讀水滸, 老不讀三國
2117:少不读水浒, 老不读三国
2107:
2102:Water Margin
2100:
1991:
1987:
1821:
1790:Translation
1779:
1723:Peking opera
1687:
1668:
1659:
1644:Please help
1632:
1608:
1603:Mao Zonggang
1600:
1584:
1575:Ming dynasty
1560:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1485:
1450:
1435:
1414:
1387:
1371:
1343:
1323:
1303:
1260:
1233:
1212:
1187:
1150:
1148:to Cao Cao.
1126:
1107:against the
1098:
1094:
1070:
1013:
1010:(1388–1462).
1006:painting by
1004:Ming dynasty
999:
941:
902:
861:
849:Emperor Xian
838:
821:Emperor Shao
814:
810:Emperor Ling
783:
772:
764:
749:Yangzi River
742:
728:
711:
708:Qing dynasty
701:
697:Mao Zonggang
680:
678:
668:Tang dynasty
655:
650:compiled by
645:
643:
630:
614:
613:
591:
565:
560:
552:Song dynasty
548:Tang dynasty
541:
491:
490:
470:
459:
427:Sānguó Yǎnyì
425:
400:
399:
398:
367:Southern Min
255:Sānguó yǎnyì
249:Hanyu Pinyin
199:Chinese name
188:
174:
108:14th century
98:, AD 169–280
25:
4972:Soul Buster
4900:Ikki Tousen
4589:Video games
4506:K.O.3an Guo
4466:Zhuge Liang
4442:Live action
4383:Soul Buster
4319:Ikki Tousen
4147:Live action
4066:Jeokbyeokga
4050:Adaptations
3983:Zhuge Liang
3395:27 February
3328:28 November
3285:28 November
2421:, wrote in
2236:, from the
2181:Adaptations
2142:si da qishu
1966:三个臭裨将，頂個諸葛亮
1958:三个臭裨将，顶个诸葛亮
1864:劉備借荆州，一借無回頭
1856:刘备借荆州，一借无回头
1848:劉備借荆州——有借無還
1840:刘备借荆州——有借无还
1481:Jin dynasty
1366:Zhuge Liang
1240:Yi Province
1133:Zhuge Liang
1046:Xu Province
950:, a rising
917:Gongsun Zan
790:Han dynasty
664:Jin dynasty
508:Shakespeare
473:Han dynasty
456:Western Jin
171:Translation
163:at Chinese
92:Set in
5100:Categories
5007:Card games
4884:Sōten Kōro
4844:Sangokushi
4513:characters
4351:Sōten Kōro
4179:Diau Charn
4105:Sangokushi
4099:Sangokushi
3960:Historical
3951:Characters
3503:0520068211
3461:0791470113
3206:11 October
2812:Luo (1991)
2604:0824829131
2400:Unabridged
2257:chieftain
2152:See also:
2081:司馬昭之心，路人皆知
2073:司马昭之心，路人皆知
2048:'s sister
2015:東吳招親——弄假成真
2007:东吴招亲——弄假成真
1510:See also:
1374:Baidicheng
1317:to launch
1058:Dong Cheng
980:Zhang Zhao
964:Eastern Wu
907:found the
876:Hulao Pass
864:commandery
806:Zhang Jiao
731:The empire
693:recensions
687:in China,
486:Eastern Wu
446:period in
301:Suzhounese
263:Wade–Giles
165:Wikisource
4794:Historica
4700:Kessen II
4482:Guan Gong
4203:Red Cliff
4187:Tiao Chan
4171:Diao Chan
4073:Red Cliff
4031:Zhou Cang
4008:Fictional
3978:Zhang Fei
3855:(c. 1610)
3828:(c. 1592)
3705:193917398
3697:0254-9948
3654:Singapore
3631:Singapore
3608:Singapore
3562:Singapore
3535:Singapore
3512:cite book
2937:145713026
2482:Citations
2453:(220–280)
2357:Yongzheng
2341:Mongolian
2175:Guan Gong
2087:Sima Zhao
2065:'s mind.
2063:Sima Zhao
1767:Xiao Qiao
1747:Zhang Fei
1662:June 2018
1633:does not
1592:Confucian
1518:Chen Shou
1469:Zhong Hui
1453:Jiang Wei
1446:Sima Zhao
1298:Zhang Fei
1248:Liu Zhang
1190:Jiangdong
1162:Zhang Fei
1026:Zhang Fei
956:Jiangdong
952:pretender
937:Zhang Xiu
868:Yuan Shao
841:Dong Zhuo
739:Yang Shen
652:Chen Shou
625:to early
504:East Asia
466:Chen Shou
4876:Ryūrōden
4518:episodes
4287:Animated
4092:Animated
4021:Guan Suo
4016:Diaochan
3993:Sun Quan
3926:of China
3922:and the
3405:cite web
3369:12 March
2843:2 August
2729:(2002).
2621:(1901).
2528:cite web
2441:See also
2312:Kicungge
2214:Javanese
2050:Lady Sun
2046:Sun Quan
1793:Chinese
1715:Cao Hong
1707:Zhang He
1596:Legalism
1492:Sun Chen
1488:Zhuge Ke
1477:Cao Huan
1473:Sima Yan
1461:Liu Shan
1451:In Shu,
1442:Sima Shi
1410:Meng Huo
1402:Deng Zhi
1378:Liu Shan
1223:Lady Sun
1166:Liu Shan
1158:Zhao Yun
1154:Changban
1142:Liu Cong
1085:Liu Biao
1073:Che Zhou
1042:Tao Qian
1017:and his
972:Sun Quan
948:Yuan Shu
933:Yuan Shu
913:Liu Biao
905:Sun Jian
893:Wang Yun
889:Diaochan
880:Chang'an
804:(led by
798:warlords
442:and the
336:Jyutping
146:895.1346
68:Language
5064:Portals
4932:Gintama
4653:(2003)
4635:(1997)
4608:(1989)
4550:Cao Cao
4509:(2009)
4327:Gintama
4058:Theatre
4026:Lady Li
3998:Zhou Yu
3988:Cao Cao
3973:Guan Yu
3968:Liu Bei
3585:Beijing
3477:(2008)
3150:2719468
2579:Macbeth
2571:Romance
2363:English
2349:Tibetan
2330:Romance
2296:ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ
2286:Romance
2259:Nurhaci
2255:Jurchen
2163:Guan Yu
2091:Cao Mao
2054:Zhou Yu
1992:píjiàng
1988:píjiàng
1905:說曹操曹操就到
1897:说曹操曹操就到
1889:說曹操，曹操到
1881:说曹操，曹操到
1771:Zhou Yu
1743:Liu Bei
1719:Li Dian
1654:removed
1639:sources
1496:Sun Hao
1438:Cao Rui
1426:Sima Yi
1390:Meng Da
1334:Shu Han
1330:Cao Wei
1315:Lü Meng
1309:at the
1307:Cao Ren
1294:Guan Yu
1252:Shu Han
1219:Cao Ren
1195:Zhou Yu
1170:Guan Yu
1113:Cao Wei
1062:Ma Teng
1022:Guan Yu
1015:Liu Bei
1008:Dai Jin
976:Zhou Yu
921:Liu Bei
857:Cao Cao
845:Luoyang
794:eunuchs
788:of the
754:滾滾長江東逝水
724:Shu-Han
716:Cao Cao
706:in the
639:三国志通俗演义
635:三國志通俗演義
561:pinghua
482:Shu Han
478:Cao Wei
374:Hokkien
76:Subject
71:Chinese
5090:Novels
5034:(2008)
5026:(2005)
5018:(1997)
4999:(2019)
4991:(2019)
4983:(2017)
4975:(2016)
4967:(2011)
4959:(2007)
4951:(2007)
4943:(2004)
4935:(2003)
4927:(2002)
4919:(2002)
4911:(2001)
4903:(2000)
4895:(1995)
4887:(1994)
4879:(1993)
4871:(1991)
4863:(1989)
4855:(1983)
4847:(1971)
4783:(2024)
4775:(2023)
4767:(2022)
4759:(2020)
4751:(2019)
4743:(2011)
4735:(2009)
4727:(2007)
4719:(2005)
4711:(2002)
4703:(2001)
4695:(2001)
4687:(1998)
4679:(1989)
4671:(1999)
4627:(1993)
4616:(1992)
4600:(1985)
4577:(2022)
4569:(2017)
4561:(2016)
4553:(2015)
4545:(2013)
4537:(2012)
4529:(2010)
4501:(2002)
4493:(2002)
4485:(1996)
4477:(1994)
4469:(1985)
4461:(1985)
4453:(1975)
4434:(2023)
4426:(2022)
4418:(2022)
4410:(2021)
4402:(2021)
4394:(2019)
4386:(2016)
4378:(2015)
4370:(2010)
4362:(2009)
4354:(2009)
4346:(2007)
4338:(2007)
4330:(2006)
4322:(2003)
4314:(1997)
4306:(1994)
4298:(1991)
4268:(2021)
4260:(2021)
4254:(2020)
4246:(2018)
4243:Shadow
4238:(2018)
4230:(2018)
4222:(2012)
4214:(2011)
4206:(2008)
4198:(2008)
4190:(1967)
4182:(1958)
4174:(1938)
4166:(1931)
4158:(1905)
4139:(1994)
4131:(1993)
4123:(1992)
4115:(1986)
4107:(1985)
4101:(1982)
4077:(2008)
3863:(1750)
3724:
3718:Milano
3703:
3695:
3660:
3637:
3614:
3591:
3568:
3541:
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3485:
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2863:p. 154
2737:
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2575:Hamlet
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2353:French
2345:Korean
2326:Dorgon
2249:Manchu
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2115::
2079::
2071::
2038::
2030::
2013::
2005::
1982::
1974::
1964::
1956::
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1940::
1932::
1924::
1903::
1895::
1887::
1879::
1862::
1854::
1846::
1838::
1815::
1807::
1745:, and
1717:, and
1711:Xu Chu
1394:Nanman
1392:, the
1347:Lu Xun
1326:Cao Pi
1263:vassal
1178:Xiakou
1174:Liu Qi
1117:Cao Pi
1109:Wuhuan
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817:He Jin
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588:pinyin
582::
574::
564:named
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422:pinyin
416::
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46:Author
5078:China
4085:Films
3701:S2CID
3239:JSTOR
3146:JSTOR
2933:S2CID
2563:8 May
2302:Dahai
2298:ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ
1739:Lü Bu
1398:Qiang
1271:Hefei
1129:Xinye
1077:Runan
1050:Lü Bu
984:Lu Su
968:Yu Ji
929:Lü Bu
885:Lü Bu
602:'
584:三國志平話
576:三国志平话
134:Print
116:China
96:China
84:Genre
4940:Lord
4916:Qwan
4621:The
3722:ISBN
3693:ISSN
3658:ISBN
3635:ISBN
3612:ISBN
3589:ISBN
3566:ISBN
3539:ISBN
3518:link
3498:ISBN
3483:ISBN
3457:ISBN
3434:ISBN
3411:link
3397:2016
3371:2012
3330:2023
3317:ISBN
3287:2023
3274:ISBN
3208:2016
3170:ISBN
3109:ISBN
3082:ISBN
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3025:ISBN
2845:2016
2735:ISBN
2710:2011
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2517:The
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2367:The
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1273:and
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1160:and
1024:and
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935:and
761:Plot
627:Ming
623:Yuan
599:lit.
546:and
452:land
418:三国演义
410:三國演義
225:三国演义
211:三國演義
159:三國演義
126:1907
61:三國演義
3906:'s
3685:doi
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