252:
1669:, and to force foreign bishops to recognise its authority. At first it was necessary for papal and episcopal acts, but eventually was required for any juridical act by a clergyman. In certain areas, the Council exercised a right of censorship over the church, such as in the areas of visits by the bishops or their representatives, papal and episcopal bulls and pastoral letters, observations of religious holidays, and appointments to parishes. During the conflicts with Trier, the Council's resistance prevented the archbishop of Trier from levying taxes from the Luxembourgish clergy.
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1910:
227:
52:
1724:, was particularly present in the duchy of Luxembourg, which was handicapped by large distances and the poor urban network. Those clergymen without a parish were forced to content themselves with the revenues from working as parochial vicars, sacristans or as schoolteachers. These clergymen, poorly educated and living modestly, were a reflection of the rural, poor and superstitious Luxembourgish society, from which many of them originated.
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1400:
137:
131:
124:
1825:, was bedridden due to illness, and was therefore in no state to provide active opposition. On the other hand, the Bishop did not want to further antagonise the occupiers and endanger the already fragile religious life of the Church, which was heavily restricted during wartime. Bishop Philippe did, however, refuse to meet with the Nazi leadership, and made preparations in case his post should fall vacant.
1693:, the situation of the Catholic Church in Luxembourg was precarious: the number of clerics who drank or had relationships was high, and the parishioners were often left to themselves, without regular religious instruction, and turned to superstition. The number of witchcraft trials in the 16th and 17th centuries was correspondingly high.
1598:. The French Revolutionaries' pillages, and the flight of the monks towards Germany, taking with them their treasures which they later sold, caused the abbey's works of medieval religious art to be dispersed up to the present day throughout the libraries of Nuremberg, Bremen, Trier, Darmstadt, Hamburg, El Escorial and Paris.
1809:
Order of Saint
Elisabeth, sisters of Saint Francis of the Divine Mercy, sisters of the Christian doctrine, sisters of the Poor Child Jesus, Lay Carmelites, Benedictine of the Perpetual Adoration of the Most Blessed Sacrament; Redemptorists, Charitable Friars, Priests of the Sacred-Heart, Benedictine in Clervaux, etc.
1883:
The state and
Catholic Church in Luxembourg have a relationship where they recognise each other's autonomy, while still engaging in different forms of cooperation. This cooperation is governed by the Luxembourg Constitution, and various laws and conventions. There is a certain degree of collaboration
1705:
allowed the government to exercise a measure of control on ecclesiastical acts. No order or pastoral letter, whether from the pope or the bishop, could be published in the duchy without the consent of the
Conseil de Luxembourg. Nominations to a parish or benefice could not go ahead without the assent
1593:
The abbey of
Echternach saw an extraordinary development, and continued to enjoy protection by rulers after the death of its founder. Its spiritual and artistic influence would make it one of the most important monasteries in the West. It went on to produce manuscripts, illuminated holy texts, which
1727:
The regular clergy enjoyed a higher level of prestige than the secular clergy. It was concentrated in the abbeys of
Echternach, Munster, Saint-Hubert and Orval. The abbeys were large property owners in the 18th century, and built their own foundries; the abbots, alongside their spiritual role, also
1808:
After the dissolutions of the French
Revolution, new monastic orders and congregations were founded in the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Some of these still undertake social and educational work to this day, as well as being active in the pastoral and contemplative sphere: sisters of the
1709:
The secular clergy's situation, particularly in rural areas, was not particularly healthy. The more favoured among them were educated in the theology faculties of
Louvain, Trier or Cologne; the others received their education from a parish priest, who would have taught them some elements of Latin,
1879:
priests, 6 permanent deacons, 70 religious brothers and 566 religious sisters. However, the numbers of
Catholics actually attending Mass is on the decline, as reflected by amalgamations of parishes and deconsecrations of churches. In 2020, membership was given as 457,000 people; it was also noted
1688:
The secular clergy at this time lived a generally unvirtuous life, lived in poverty and were under-educated. As to the regular clergy, there was a profound decadence which affected the old and established monasteries such as that of
Echternach (Benedictines), Saint-Hubert (Benedictines), Orval
1884:
in the social-charitable and educational sectors between both actors: the Church provides religious education in public schools, private schools are part-financed by the state. The state also pays the salaries of the ministers of the main
Christian churches as well as the Jewish community.
1672:
From the 14th century, the ruler of Luxembourg had had to consult the nobility, the clergy and the bourgeoisie, especially when asking for money: this eventually evolved into the Provincial Estates of Luxembourg. As to the clergy, contemporary sources mention specifically the
1661:) exercised functions in the ecclesiastical domain. Luxembourg had the peculiarity that the bishops, the ecclesiastical authorities, resided outside of the territory. Their acts could not obtain the force of law without the approval of the Council, in the form of the "
1677:, as it was only the large abbeys that were represented, as large-scale landowners. These were the abbey of St. Maximin of Trier, which was outside of Luxembourg but owned a lot of land in the territory, as well as the abbeys of Echternach, Munster,
1835:
At the same time, the diocese administration remained one of very few Luxembourgish institutions that stayed intact during the war, although this was in doubt for a while, and the occupation authorities did consider deporting the Bishop.
1832:: public religious events such as the Octave celebration or the dancing procession were banned, Christian organisations were dissolved, religious education in schools was abolished, and a ban on the religious orders was put in place.
1524:, the Frankish church's reorganisation went underway, and the evangelisation of the area of Luxembourg was facilitated by the official recognition of Christianity. Missionaries from Aquitaine, Ireland and England helped in this.
1684:
Luxembourg was at this time divided between six dioceses, two of which took up the lion's share of the duchy: the archdiocese of Trier and the diocese of Liège; the others were the dioceses of Metz, Verdun, Reims and Cologne.
3626:
2049:
1650:), in times of plague and war. She was chosen as the patroness of the city (1666) and of the duchy of Luxembourg (1678). This devotion continues to this day in the form of a national pilgrimage, the
2221:
1494:, and in the early 4th century, Materne of Cologne. The Christianisation of rural areas only came much later. Rural populations remained strangers to Christianity despite scattered islands in
2444:
2901:
2906:
1875:
At the end of 2010, the archdiocese estimated its membership at 396,500, out of a total population of 502,000, and reported that it had 275 parishes, 151 diocesan priests, 56
1739:, the contemplative orders were suppressed, while the large monasteries disappeared in the French Revolution. Orval was the only one that would later be re-founded, in 1927.
2299:
1590:, dedicated to educating monks according to the Benedictine rule. It was in Echternach that he was buried in 739, and he would later come to be seen as a national saint.
1490:
Christianity spread in Luxembourg from the city of Trier, along the Roman roads. The episcopal organisation of the area started in the late 3rd century with Euchaire and
323:
1839:
The Catholic Church in Luxembourg attempted to adapt itself to modern requirements through the 4th Luxembourg Diocesan Synod (1972-1981), following on from the
1887:
Currently under discussion is the disestablishment of the Church in Luxembourg, whereby the State would cease to hold financial responsibility for the Church.
1720:
Many of them exercised the function of "curé-notaire", drafting contracts of marriage and testaments for their parishioners. This function, defined in 1586 by
1890:
A 1996 survey (not a census) reported Catholics 88%, including the royal family; Protestants and similar 1%; other religions 1%; no religion 9%; no reply 1%.
3582:
1728:
played a political and industrial role. Nicolas Spirlet (1715-1794), the last abbot of Saint-Hubert, specialised in producing cannons which were exported to
1266:
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1428:
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1789:
of the part of Luxembourg under Dutch control, and he became the first apostolic vicar when, on 2 June 1840, the territory of the Grand Duchy became an
3095:
2225:
1821:, the Catholic Church was relatively silent. It took no public stance regarding the fate of the Jews or the Nazi regime. On the one hand, the bishop,
1517:, the Frankish people were open to Christianity in theory, but paganism subsisted in remote regions, and only died out over the next two centuries.
2503:
2364:
2452:
468:
1469:, comprising the entire Grand Duchy. The diocese was founded in 1870, and it became an archdiocese in 1988. The seat of the archdiocese is the
308:
1610:
in the 13th century, several religious establishments were founded in Luxembourg, such as the convent of Marienthal near Mersch, a convent of
3127:
1510:. In the late 5th century, the Church was cut off from the power held by the new, Frankish arrivals, who were dedicated to the cult of Odin.
328:
3019:
834:
3641:
3535:
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1701:
In the 18th century, the clergy in Luxembourg could take no substantive decision without the consent of the state. The practice of the
1594:
started to be dispersed from the 18th century. The contents of its library was estimated at 7,000 items at the times of the end of the
3293:
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1156:
884:
1421:
1206:
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3328:
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1543:, the bishop of Liège and patron saint of the Ardennes, were moved there in 824. Around 690, Saint Leodouin founded the abbey of
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1843:(1962-1965). The Church wanted to establish a level of dialogue with and opening up towards modern culture and the world.
1713:
The clergy's resources derived from tithes, revenues from fees for baptisms, marriages and burials, and revenues from the
1558:
was of prime importance. An Anglo-Saxon originally from Northumbria, Willibrord was born around 657, and took vows in the
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1681:, and Saint-Hubert, and the priory of Houffalize. The secular clergy and the smaller monasteries were not represented.
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The work of these missionaries was complemented by the foundation of monasteries in the 7th and 8th centuries:
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philosophy and theology. The priests' social rank would vary greatly according to their financial situation.
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Kreins, Jean-Marie. Histoire du Luxembourg. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2010. 5th edition.
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1689:(Cistercians), AltmĂĽnster (Benedictines) as well as more recent establishments. As in the rest of the
1638:
were present in Luxembourg from 1594, and due to their work, the territory was hardly affected by the
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1969:
1876:
1846:
On 23 April 1988, it was raised to the rank of archdiocese, immediately subject to the Holy See.
1822:
1802:
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1957:
1932:
1849:
The establishment of the Council of Christian Churches in 1997 indicated a certain emphasis on
1840:
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3347:
3169:
3037:
2010:
1913:
1861:
1793:. Van der Noot remained a priest, although such a jurisdiction would normally be headed by a
1766:, which raised Luxembourg to the rank of Grand Duchy in personal union with the crown of the
1536:
1474:
196:
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1690:
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8:
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1790:
1729:
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1521:
1828:
The Church saw its very existence threatened as it was pushed out of public life by the
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1763:
1721:
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1786:
1743:
1746:, the southern part of the territory of what is now the archdiocese belonged to the
2014:
1894:
1578:
near Trier, granted him land in Echternach, and possessions in Badelingen, Batzen,
1532:
1491:
200:
2408:"Bref aperçu de l'histoire de l'émigration polonaise au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg"
2395:
1909:
1595:
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2300:"Heim ins Reich: La 2e guerre mondiale au Luxembourg - quelques points de repère"
1963:
1951:
1938:
1462:
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2050:
Orthodox Archdiocese of Belgium and exarchate of the Netherlands and Luxembourg
2004:
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1446:
210:
1979:
3615:
3597:
3584:
3450:
2986:
2033:
1771:
2559:
2427:"Avantgardistisch oder reaktionär? Streiflichter aus der Diözesangeschichte"
1548:
1829:
1540:
1458:
186:
153:
51:
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1998:
1985:
1767:
1717:, land which rural clergymen exploited as farmers of crops or livestock.
1678:
1643:
1639:
1559:
1454:
1893:
Since 1994 the Polish community regularly has masses in the churches of
1586:. Willibrord undertook new constructions in Echternach, and founded the
3028:
1619:
1555:
1466:
73:
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Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century
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1614:
on the Saint-Esprit plateau, a Cistercian monastery in Bonnevoie, the
3384:
3223:
1898:
1850:
1611:
3235:
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2407:
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1570:. He was made a bishop in 695, and established his episcopal see in
3203:
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1623:
1579:
1544:
1514:
1399:
93:
1654:, celebrated every year for two weeks in the period after Easter.
3369:
2248:"Father Johann Theodor van der Noot [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
1872:
The archdiocese is not a metropolitan see, having no suffragans.
1798:
1635:
1583:
1571:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1646:, as "Our Lady of Luxembourg" and “Comforter of the Afflicted” (
1665:". The Council often made use of this to retain control of the
1629:
1567:
1566:. Around 690, he travelled with several companions to southern
2027:
1575:
1563:
1495:
2445:"The Catholic Church in Luxembourg - an historical overview"
1473:
in the city of Luxembourg, and since 2011 the archbishop is
2347:
1547:, while in 722, Bertha, sister of Charles Martel, founded
1801:
on 27 December 1870, without being incorporated into any
2471:
1750:(then an archbishopric) and the northern part to the
1535:(650), Andagium (687). Andagium became the abbey of
2396:
Catholics and Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08
1696:
1601:
1797:. The apostolic vicariate became a fully fledged
1574:. In 698 he came to Trier. Irmine, the abbess of
3613:
1554:In the Germanic part of the region, the work of
3128:Orders, decorations, and medals of Luxembourg
3013:
2589:
2575:
2497:
2424:
2320:
2272:
1988:(1971–1988) Archbishop (personal title ) 1985
1626:, and a convent in Clairefontaine-lez-Arlon.
1422:
2323:"History of the Archbishopric of Luxembourg"
1630:16th and 17th centuries: Spanish Netherlands
3637:Religious organizations established in 1833
2216:
2214:
2212:
27:
3020:
3006:
2582:
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2511:
2504:
2490:
2273:Hellinghausen, Georges (8 February 2011).
1812:
1429:
1415:
50:
2321:Hellinghausen, Georges (19 August 2016).
1817:During World War II, when Luxembourg was
1551:, with the aid of monks from Echternach.
2222:"Histoire de l'Archevêché de Luxembourg"
2209:
1908:
3027:
1513:After the baptism of the Frankish king
3614:
1774:attached in 1823 the territory to the
1642:. They promoted the veneration of the
3001:
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2485:
2268:
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2110:
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1485:
2477:Photo of the Cathedral in Luxembourg
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2096:
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2090:
2088:
2069:
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2065:
1880:that the number of nuns had halved.
1830:anti-religious policies of the Nazis
1622:, a hospital of the Trinitarians in
2425:Hellinghausen, Georges (May 2002).
2292:
2118:"Church and Religion in Luxembourg"
1920:
1916:, current Archbishop of Luxembourg.
108:2,586 km (998 sq mi)
13:
2418:
2261:
2245:
2195:
1443:Catholic Archdiocese of Luxembourg
14:
3653:
3642:Roman Catholic dioceses in Europe
3365:Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union
2460:
2378:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012
2163:
2085:
2062:
2980:
2968:
2304:Centre national de l'audiovisuel
1697:18th century: Austrian Habsburgs
1602:13th century: reign of Ermesinde
1398:
1217:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
324:Democratic Republic of the Congo
250:
225:
172:Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg
136:
135:
130:
129:
123:
122:
57:Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg
2400:
2389:
2369:
2358:
2352:Conseil des Églises chrétiennes
2340:
2314:
2239:
1757:
1616:Canons Regular of St. Augustine
215:Archbishop Emeritus (1991-2011)
2186:
2177:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2076:
1992:
1:
3632:1833 establishments in Europe
3622:Catholic Church in Luxembourg
2472:Catholic Church in Luxembourg
2275:"Joseph Philippe (1935-1956)"
2055:
1904:
1451:Archidioecesis Luxemburgensis
29:Archidioecesis Luxemburgensis
1867:
1853:between Christian churches.
7:
3229:Valley of the Seven Castles
2045:Protestantism in Luxembourg
2021:
1927:Johann Theodor van der Noot
1783:Johann Theodor van der Noot
10:
3658:
2591:Catholic Church in Europe
2327:Archidiocèse de Luxembourg
2279:Archidiocèse de Luxembourg
2122:Archidiocèse de Luxembourg
1945:
1706:of the civil authorities.
1480:
244:Catholic Church by country
38:Archidiocèse de Luxembourg
3548:
3474:
3426:
3417:
3355:
3346:
3262:
3253:
3155:
3146:
3036:
2963:
2915:
2877:
2597:
2519:
2467:Archdiocese of Luxembourg
2436:(in German) (406): 32–36.
1860:, since 12 July 2011, is
1606:In the reign of Countess
206:
192:
182:
177:
167:
159:
149:
144:
112:
104:
99:
88:
80:
68:
63:
49:
45:
22:Archdiocese of Luxembourg
20:
3160:Administrative divisions
2376:Annuario Pontificio 2012
1858:Archbishop of Luxembourg
1819:occupied by Nazi Germany
1657:The Provincial Council (
309:Central African Republic
3091:Second Treaty of London
1970:Joseph Laurent Philippe
1823:Joseph Laurent Philippe
1813:World War II to present
1803:ecclesiastical province
1471:Cathedral of Notre Dame
3076:First Treaty of London
2975:Catholicism portal
2640:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2513:Religion in Luxembourg
2040:Religion in Luxembourg
1958:Johannes Joseph Koppes
1933:Johann Theodor Laurent
1917:
1841:Second Vatican Council
1781:From 25 December 1833
1465:in the Grand Duchy of
1450:
1405:Catholicism portal
885:Bosnia and Herzegovina
28:
3289:Consultative Assembly
3279:Council of Government
2011:Jean-Claude Hollerich
1914:Jean-Claude Hollerich
1912:
1862:Jean-Claude Hollerich
1735:After the reforms of
1730:Revolutionary America
1475:Jean-Claude Hollerich
1207:Saint Kitts and Nevis
469:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
329:Republic of the Congo
197:Jean-Claude Hollerich
36:Ă„erzbistum LĂ«tzebuerg
3536:World Heritage Sites
3123:Military occupations
3061:Austrian Netherlands
1691:Habsburg Netherlands
1667:Catholic Reformation
1648:Consolix Afflictorum
1582:, and a vineyard in
1539:when the remains of
835:United Arab Emirates
3594: /
3526:RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg
3294:Diplomatic missions
3267:Chamber of Deputies
3056:Spanish Netherlands
3051:House of Luxembourg
2878:States with limited
1791:apostolic vicariate
1588:Abbey of Echternach
1529:St. Maximin's Abbey
1222:Trinidad and Tobago
1117:Antigua and Barbuda
40:Erzbistum Luxemburg
3598:49.6094°N 6.1311°E
3400:Telecommunications
3375:Electricity sector
3214:Luxembourg plateau
3209:Little Switzerland
3071:Belgian Revolution
1918:
1764:Congress of Vienna
1659:Conseil provincial
1486:Early Christianity
1157:Dominican Republic
178:Current leadership
92:Direct subject to
3577:
3576:
3544:
3543:
3413:
3412:
3342:
3341:
3329:Political parties
3304:Foreign relations
3249:
3248:
3086:Luxembourg Crisis
3046:Celtic Luxembourg
2995:
2994:
2987:Europe portal
2557:
2556:
2539:Eastern Orthodoxy
2524:Roman Catholicism
2455:on March 3, 2016.
2384:978-88-209-8722-0
2246:Cheney, David M.
2124:. 31 January 2017
1787:apostolic prefect
1744:French Revolution
1439:
1438:
344:Equatorial Guinea
220:
219:
216:
3649:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3557:
3521:Radio Luxembourg
3511:National symbols
3424:
3423:
3353:
3352:
3284:Council of State
3260:
3259:
3153:
3152:
3101:Second World War
3022:
3015:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2973:
2972:
2916:Dependencies and
2857:Northern Ireland
2598:Sovereign states
2584:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2560:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2456:
2451:. Archived from
2437:
2431:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2373:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2306:. Archived from
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2270:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2224:. Archived from
2218:
2207:
2204:
2193:
2192:Kreins, p. 55-56
2190:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2161:
2160:Kreins, p. 44-45
2158:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2114:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2071:
1921:Apostolic Vicars
1895:Esch-sur-Alzette
1776:Diocese of Namur
1752:Diocese of Liège
1748:Diocese of Trier
1533:Stavelot-Malmedy
1531:in Trier (633),
1492:Maximin of Trier
1431:
1424:
1417:
1403:
1402:
1287:Papua New Guinea
1262:Marshall Islands
1085:Northern Ireland
254:
229:
228:
222:
221:
214:
207:Bishops emeritus
139:
138:
133:
132:
126:
125:
117:- Catholics
76:
54:
31:
18:
17:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3612:
3611:
3603:49.6094; 6.1311
3602:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3573:
3560:
3553:
3540:
3470:
3409:
3338:
3272:Current members
3245:
3185:Luxembourg City
3142:
3138:Railway history
3096:First World War
3081:1848 Revolution
3032:
3026:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2967:
2959:
2917:
2911:
2897:Northern Cyprus
2879:
2873:
2772:North Macedonia
2593:
2588:
2558:
2553:
2515:
2510:
2463:
2443:
2429:
2421:
2419:Further reading
2416:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2390:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2359:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2319:
2315:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2271:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2210:
2205:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2063:
2058:
2024:
1995:
1964:Petrus Nommesch
1952:Nikolaus Adames
1948:
1939:Nikolaus Adames
1923:
1907:
1870:
1815:
1762:After the 1815
1760:
1699:
1632:
1604:
1488:
1483:
1463:Catholic Church
1435:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1327:
1317:
1316:
1297:Solomon Islands
1242:
1232:
1231:
1112:
1102:
1101:
1005:North Macedonia
855:
845:
844:
738:
728:
727:
556:
546:
545:
264:
226:
128:
121:
116:
114:
72:
59:
41:
39:
37:
34:
32:
24:
23:
12:
11:
5:
3655:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3559:
3558:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3466:Social welfare
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3395:Stock Exchange
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3334:Prime Minister
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:Moselle Valley
3216:
3211:
3201:
3199:Extreme points
3196:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3133:Jewish history
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031: articles
3025:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2977:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2918:other entities
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2847:United Kingdom
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:Czech Republic
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2461:External links
2459:
2458:
2457:
2441:
2438:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2399:
2388:
2368:
2357:
2339:
2313:
2310:on 2007-06-10.
2291:
2260:
2238:
2208:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2084:
2075:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2008:
2005:Fernand Franck
2002:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1922:
1919:
1906:
1903:
1869:
1866:
1814:
1811:
1795:titular bishop
1759:
1756:
1698:
1695:
1631:
1628:
1603:
1600:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1075:United Kingdom
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
856:
851:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
771:
770:
760:
755:
750:
745:
739:
734:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
634:
633:
628:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
557:
552:
551:
548:
547:
544:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
497:
496:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
265:
260:
259:
256:
255:
247:
246:
240:
239:
231:
230:
218:
217:
211:Fernand Franck
208:
204:
203:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
134:439,280 (
118:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
97:
96:
90:
86:
85:
84:Entire country
82:
78:
77:
70:
66:
65:
61:
60:
55:
47:
46:
43:
42:
35:
26:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3654:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3610:
3607:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3016:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:Faroe Islands
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:South Ossetia
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:Liechtenstein
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:Protestantism
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2392:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2365:Vatican Press
2361:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2249:
2242:
2228:on 2011-09-29
2227:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2206:Kreins, p. 56
2203:
2201:
2199:
2189:
2183:Kreins, p. 46
2180:
2174:Kreins, p. 45
2171:
2169:
2167:
2157:
2151:Kreins, p. 44
2148:
2142:Kreins, p. 43
2139:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2082:Kreins, p. 27
2079:
2073:Kreins, p. 11
2070:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2034:The Ninth Day
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1772:Pope Pius VII
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1716:
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1675:sires prélats
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1596:Ancien RĂ©gime
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965:Liechtenstein
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384:Guinea-Bissau
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3461:Social class
3431:Demographics
2907:Transnistria
2453:the original
2448:
2433:
2410:(in French).
2402:
2391:
2375:
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2360:
2351:
2342:
2332:24 September
2330:. Retrieved
2326:
2316:
2308:the original
2303:
2294:
2284:24 September
2282:. Retrieved
2278:
2251:. Retrieved
2241:
2230:. Retrieved
2226:the original
2188:
2179:
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2128:24 September
2126:. Retrieved
2121:
2078:
2032:
1892:
1889:
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1856:The current
1855:
1848:
1845:
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1816:
1807:
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1761:
1758:19th century
1741:
1734:
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1658:
1656:
1647:
1633:
1605:
1592:
1553:
1541:Saint Hubert
1537:Saint-Hubert
1526:
1522:Carolingians
1519:
1512:
1489:
1459:Latin Church
1442:
1440:
820:Saudi Arabia
713:Turkmenistan
501:South Africa
484:Sierra Leone
289:Burkina Faso
120:(as of 2019)
115:- Total
89:Metropolitan
25:
15:
3601: /
3360:Accountancy
3314:LGBT rights
2945:Isle of Man
2880:recognition
2832:Switzerland
2767:Netherlands
2253:13 December
2007:(1990–2011)
2001:(1988–1990)
1999:Jean Hengen
1993:Archbishops
1986:Jean Hengen
1982:(1956–1971)
1980:LĂ©on Lommel
1976:(1935–1956)
1966:(1920–1935)
1960:(1883–1918)
1954:(1870–1883)
1941:(1848–1870)
1935:(1841–1856)
1929:(1833–1841)
1768:Netherlands
1742:Before the
1644:Virgin Mary
1640:Reformation
1560:Benedictine
1455:archdiocese
1277:New Zealand
1212:Saint Lucia
1162:El Salvador
1065:Switzerland
1000:Netherlands
736:Middle East
683:Philippines
631:South Korea
626:North Korea
561:Afghanistan
506:South Sudan
389:Ivory Coast
160:Established
145:Information
3616:Categories
3586:49°36′34″N
3516:Newspapers
3441:Euthanasia
3380:Euro coins
3118:Partitions
3106:Occupation
3029:Luxembourg
2802:San Marino
2762:Montenegro
2742:Luxembourg
2722:Kazakhstan
2625:Azerbaijan
2348:"Homepage"
2232:2011-07-22
2056:References
1905:Ordinaries
1620:Houffalize
1556:Willibrord
1549:PrĂĽm Abbey
1520:Under the
1467:Luxembourg
1267:Micronesia
1142:Costa Rica
1035:San Marino
995:Montenegro
975:Luxembourg
748:Azerbaijan
718:Uzbekistan
703:Tajikistan
638:Kyrgyzstan
616:Kazakhstan
591:East Timor
566:Bangladesh
494:Somaliland
479:Seychelles
444:Mozambique
429:Mauritania
414:Madagascar
304:Cape Verde
193:Archbishop
154:Latin Rite
113:Population
100:Statistics
74:Luxembourg
3589:6°07′52″E
3446:Languages
3436:Education
3405:Transport
3385:RTL Group
3299:Elections
3224:Red Lands
3165:Districts
3148:Geography
3111:Holocaust
2935:Gibraltar
2737:Lithuania
2449:cathol.lu
2386:), p. 423
1899:Ingeldorf
1877:religious
1868:Situation
1851:ecumenism
1785:, became
1737:Joseph II
1722:Philip II
1612:Penitents
1608:Ermesinde
1562:abbey of
1387:Venezuela
1332:Argentina
1247:Australia
1197:Nicaragua
1172:Guatemala
970:Lithuania
805:Palestine
693:Sri Lanka
688:Singapore
606:Indonesia
596:Hong Kong
434:Mauritius
168:Cathedral
81:Territory
3564:Category
3456:Religion
3319:Military
3309:Monarchy
3255:Politics
3204:Guttland
3190:quarters
3175:Communes
2955:Svalbard
2940:Guernsey
2887:Abkhazia
2862:Scotland
2817:Slovenia
2812:Slovakia
2787:Portugal
2645:Bulgaria
2549:Hinduism
2022:See also
2017:(2011– )
1624:Bastogne
1580:Osweiler
1545:Mettlach
1515:Clovis I
1453:) is an
1377:Suriname
1367:Paraguay
1352:Colombia
1257:Kiribati
1182:Honduras
1152:Dominica
1127:Barbados
1090:Scotland
1050:Slovenia
1045:Slovakia
1020:Portugal
890:Bulgaria
768:Abkhazia
708:Thailand
678:Pakistan
663:Mongolia
658:Maldives
653:Malaysia
581:Cambodia
541:Zimbabwe
516:Tanzania
359:Ethiopia
354:Eswatini
334:Djibouti
299:Cameroon
284:Botswana
236:a series
234:Part of
94:Holy See
64:Location
3555:Outline
3494:Cuisine
3476:Culture
3419:Society
3370:Benelux
3348:Economy
3170:Cantons
3038:History
2852:England
2842:Ukraine
2792:Romania
2752:Moldova
2710:Ireland
2705:Iceland
2700:Hungary
2690:Germany
2685:Georgia
2675:Finland
2670:Estonia
2665:Denmark
2650:Croatia
2635:Belgium
2630:Belarus
2620:Austria
2615:Armenia
2610:Andorra
2605:Albania
2544:Judaism
1946:Bishops
1799:diocese
1715:bouvrot
1636:Jesuits
1584:Vianden
1572:Utrecht
1508:Dalheim
1504:Altrier
1500:Bitburg
1481:History
1461:of the
1457:of the
1382:Uruguay
1357:Ecuador
1337:Bolivia
1312:Vanuatu
1240:Oceania
1187:Jamaica
1167:Grenada
1122:Bahamas
1080:England
1070:Ukraine
1025:Romania
985:Moldova
945:Ireland
940:Iceland
935:Hungary
925:Germany
915:Finland
910:Estonia
905:Denmark
900:Czechia
895:Croatia
880:Belgium
875:Belarus
870:Austria
865:Andorra
860:Albania
800:Lebanon
763:Georgia
753:Bahrain
743:Armenia
723:Vietnam
668:Myanmar
526:Tunisia
489:Somalia
474:Senegal
459:Nigeria
449:Namibia
439:Morocco
404:Liberia
399:Lesotho
349:Eritrea
319:Comoros
294:Burundi
269:Algeria
187:Francis
127:602,005
69:Country
3569:Portal
3489:Cinema
3451:People
3324:Police
3241:Rivers
3236:Éislek
3066:ForĂŞts
2950:Jersey
2892:Kosovo
2837:Turkey
2827:Sweden
2807:Serbia
2797:Russia
2782:Poland
2777:Norway
2757:Monaco
2727:Latvia
2695:Greece
2680:France
2655:Cyprus
2382:
1974:S.C.I.
1703:placet
1663:placet
1652:Octave
1568:Frisia
1362:Guyana
1342:Brazil
1307:Tuvalu
1202:Panama
1192:Mexico
1137:Canada
1132:Belize
1060:Sweden
1040:Serbia
1030:Russia
1015:Poland
1010:Norway
990:Monaco
960:Latvia
955:Kosovo
930:Greece
920:France
853:Europe
830:Turkey
795:Kuwait
790:Jordan
785:Israel
758:Cyprus
698:Taiwan
576:Brunei
571:Bhutan
536:Zambia
531:Uganda
464:Rwanda
419:Malawi
379:Guinea
369:Gambia
274:Angola
262:Africa
238:on the
3531:Sport
3506:Music
3390:Steel
3180:Towns
2925:Ă…land
2867:Wales
2822:Spain
2747:Malta
2717:Italy
2534:Islam
2434:forum
2430:(PDF)
2028:Oktav
1679:Orval
1576:Oeren
1564:Ripon
1496:Arlon
1447:Latin
1347:Chile
1302:Tonga
1292:Samoa
1282:Palau
1272:Nauru
1177:Haiti
1095:Wales
1055:Spain
980:Malta
950:Italy
840:Yemen
825:Syria
815:Qatar
673:Nepal
648:Macau
621:Korea
611:Japan
601:India
586:China
511:Sudan
454:Niger
409:Libya
394:Kenya
374:Ghana
364:Gabon
339:Egypt
279:Benin
3499:Wine
2380:ISBN
2334:2017
2286:2017
2255:2016
2130:2017
2015:S.J.
1897:and
1634:The
1506:and
1441:The
1372:Peru
1252:Fiji
1147:Cuba
810:Oman
780:Iraq
775:Iran
643:Laos
554:Asia
521:Togo
424:Mali
314:Chad
201:S.J.
183:Pope
163:1833
150:Rite
140:73%)
105:Area
3484:Art
1618:in
3618::
2447:.
2432:.
2350:.
2325:.
2302:.
2277:.
2263:^
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2197:^
2165:^
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2087:^
2064:^
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1972:,
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