357:, but some were started or even entirely carried out by individual people. The perhaps most famous and extensive one is the Spyware Warrior list of rogue/suspect antispyware products and websites by Eric Howes, which has however not been updated since May 2007. The website recommends checking the following websites for new rogue anti-spyware programs, most of which are not really new and are "simply re-branded clones and knockoffs of the same rogue applications that have been around for years."
324:, in which affiliates supplied with Trojan kits for the software are paid a fee for every successful installation, and a commission from any resulting purchases. The affiliates then become responsible for setting up infection vectors and distribution infrastructure for the software. An investigation by security researchers into the Antivirus XP 2008 rogue security software found just such an affiliate network, in which members were grossing commissions upwards of $
1703:
241:
designed to entice users to click on links or run attachments. When users succumb to these kinds of social engineering tricks they are quickly infected either directly via the attachment, or indirectly via a malicious website. This is known as a drive-by download. Usually in drive-by download attacks the malware is installed on the victim's machine without any interaction or awareness and occurs simply by visiting the website.
1213:
461:
The clones of SpySheriff are BraveSentry, Pest Trap, SpyTrooper, Adware
Sheriff, SpywareNo, SpyLocked, SpywareQuake, SpyDawn, AntiVirGear, SpyDemolisher, System Security, SpywareStrike, SpyShredder, Alpha Cleaner, SpyMarshal, Adware Alert, Malware Stopper, Mr. Antispy, Spycrush, SpyAxe, MalwareAlarm,
178:
to the top of search engine results about recent news events. People looking for articles on such events on a search engine may encounter results that, upon being clicked, are instead redirected through a series of sites before arriving at a landing page that says that their machine is infected and
240:
messages that include malicious attachments, links to binaries and drive-by download sites are another common mechanism for distributing rogue security software. Spam emails are often sent with content associated with typical day-to-day activities such as parcel deliveries, or taxation documents,
219:
scripts will then monitor for search engine crawlers and feed them with specially crafted webpages that are then listed in the search results. Then, when the user searches for their keyword or images and clicks on the malicious link, they will be redirected to the Rogue security software payload.
349:
Law enforcement and legislation in all countries are slow to react to the appearance of rogue security software. In contrast, several private initiatives providing discussion forums and lists of dangerous products were founded soon after the appearance of the first rogue security software. Some
331:
Despite its use of old-fashioned and somewhat unsophisticated techniques, rogue security software has become a significant security threat, due to the size of the impacted populations, the number of different variants that have been unleashed (over 250), and the profits that have been made for
281:
Developers of rogue security software may also entice people into purchasing their product by claiming to give a portion of their sales to a charitable cause. The rogue Green antivirus, for example, claims to donate $ 2 to an environmental care program for each sale made.
210:
in search results. The malicious webpages are filled with popular keywords in order to achieve a higher ranking in the search results. When the end user searches the web, one of these infected webpages is returned. Usually the most popular keywords from services such as
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Most websites usually employ third-party services for advertising on their webpages. If one of these advertising services is compromised, they may end up inadvertently infecting all of the websites using their service by advertising rogue security software.
64:
With the rise of cyber-criminals and a black market with thousands of organizations and individuals trading exploits, malware, virtual assets, and credentials, rogue security software has become one of the most lucrative criminal operations.
350:
reputable vendors, such as
Kaspersky, also began to provide lists of rogue security software. In 2005, the Anti-Spyware Coalition was founded, a coalition of anti-spyware software companies, academics, and consumer groups.
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Scaring the user by presenting authentic-looking pop-up warnings and security alerts, which may mimic actual system notices. These are intended to use the trust that the user has in vendors of legitimate security
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Law enforcement has also exerted pressure on banks to shut down merchant gateways involved in processing rogue security software purchases. In some cases, the high volume of
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Installing actual malware onto the computer, then alerting the user after "detecting" them. This method is less common as the malware is likely to be detected by legitimate
263:
Selectively disabling parts of the system to prevent the user from uninstalling the malware. Some may also prevent anti-malware programs from running, disable automatic
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has also become a vector for distribution of this type of malware, with callers often claiming to be from "Microsoft
Support" or another legitimate organization.
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and install itself onto victims' computers. A website may, for example, display a fictitious warning dialog stating that someone's machine is infected with a
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distribution networks—already complex to begin with—to operate profitably. Malware vendors have turned instead to the simpler, more profitable
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57:. Rogue security software has been a serious security threat in desktop computing since 2008. An early example that gained infamy was
2141:
401:. The company and its US-based web host, ByteHosting Internet Hosting Services LLC, had their assets frozen, were barred from using
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Once installed, the rogue security software may then attempt to entice the user into purchasing a service or additional software by:
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Rogue anti-virus prevalent on links that relate to Haiti earthquake, as donors encouraged to look carefully for genuine sites
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found 11,000 domains hosting fake anti-virus software, accounting for 50% of all malware delivered via internet advertising.
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generated by such purchases has also prompted processors to take action against rogue security software vendors.
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Sanction by the FTC and the increasing effectiveness of anti-malware tools since 2006 have made it difficult for
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17:
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VirusBurst, VirusBursters, DIARemover, AntiVirus Gold, Antivirus Golden, SpyFalcon, and TheSpyBot/SpywareBot.
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Presenting offers to fix urgent performance problems or perform essential maintenance on the computer.
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in web browsers, PDF viewers, or email clients to install themselves without any manual interaction.
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Cova, Marco; Leita, Corrado; Thonnard, Olivier; Keromytis, Angelos; Dacier, Marc (2009).
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are used to generate webpages via PHP scripts placed on the compromised website. These
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associated with those products and any further advertisement or false representation.
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component, which users are misled into installing. The Trojan may be disguised as:
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483:"Rogue Security Software » BUMC Information Technology | Boston University"
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Many of the private initiatives were initially informal discussions on general
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removal tool that actually installs malware on their computer. It is a form of
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206:(SEO) is a technique used to trick search engines into displaying malicious
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728:"The Nocebo Effect on the Web: An Analysis of Fake Anti-Virus Distribution"
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Altering system registries and security settings, then "alerting" the user.
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150,000 over 10 days, from tens of thousands of successful installations.
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Some rogue security software, however, propagate onto users' computers as
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381:-based firm producing and marketing the rogue security software products
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545:"Microsoft Security Intelligence Report volume 6 (July - December 2008)"
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1088:"Spyware Warrior: Rogue/Suspect Anti-Spyware Products & Web Sites"
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Rogue security software is often distributed through highly lucrative
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pushes a download to a "trial" of the rogue program. A 2010 study by
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Alerting the user with the fake or simulated detection of malware or
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50:
945:
Deceptonomics: A Glance at The
Misleading Application Business Model
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of rogue security software, which is targeted directly at users of
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on their computer and aims to convince them to pay for a fake
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updates and block access to websites of anti-malware vendors.
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Displaying an animation simulating a system crash and reboot.
139:
78:
1024:
Gone Rogue: An
Analysis of Rogue Security Software Campaigns
378:
1020:
1133:
United States
District Court for the District of Maryland
904:
Senate
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
772:"Warning over anti-virus cold-calls to UK internet users"
216:
207:
175:
170:
More recently, malware distributors have been utilizing
285:
Some rogue security software overlaps in function with
971:
601:
53:that manipulates users through fear, and a form of
1180:"Rogue Antivirus Distribution Network Dismantled"
919:"Zango goes titsup: End of desktop adware market"
867:"SAP at a crossroads after losing $ 1.3B verdict"
2167:
1125:Ex Parte Temporary Restraining Order RDB08CV3233
821:"Sophos Fake Antivirus Journey from Trojan tpna"
726:Moheeb Abu Rajab and Luca Ballard (2010-04-13).
798:"Sophos Technical Papers - Sophos SEO Insights"
105:in the belief that they are purchasing genuine
1106:"Virus, Spyware, & Malware Removal Guides"
842:"Free Security Scan" Could Cost Time and Money
41:that misleads users into believing there is a
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1239:
625:"News Adobe Reader and Acrobat Vulnerability"
539:
537:
535:
533:
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575:Misleading Applications – Show Me The Money!
567:
565:
507:"Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software"
859:
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192:
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2142:Security information and event management
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73:Rogue security software mainly relies on
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833:
815:
813:
811:
702:
675:Malware Distributors Mastering News SEO
649:Samoa Earthquake News Leads To Rogue AV
645:
14:
2168:
1290:Timeline of computer viruses and worms
1151:
916:
896:Testimony of Ari Schwartz on "Spyware"
639:
512:. Symantec. 2009-10-28. Archived from
155:A free online malware-scanning service
2119:Host-based intrusion detection system
1579:
1227:
1177:
967:
830:
671:
646:Chu, Kian; Hong, Choon (2009-09-30),
597:
571:
360:
61:and its clones, such as Nava Shield.
996:"Rogue Antivirus Dissected - Part 2"
941:
808:
665:
377:against Innovative Marketing Inc, a
2150:Runtime application self-protection
993:
24:
1701:
1253:
344:
339:
25:
2202:
2082:Security-focused operating system
1555:Computer and network surveillance
1205:
232:
1878:Insecure direct object reference
1211:
1155:Court Halts Bogus Computer Scans
197:
124:or extension (typically toolbar)
2132:Information security management
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1145:
1116:
1098:
1080:
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1014:
987:
910:
887:
790:
719:
223:
174:techniques by pushing infected
1270:Comparison of computer viruses
499:
475:
455:
367:US District Court for Maryland
68:
13:
1:
2191:Social engineering (security)
1509:Data loss prevention software
968:Doshi, Nishant (2009-01-27),
672:Hines, Matthew (2009-10-08),
598:Doshi, Nishant (2009-01-21),
572:Doshi, Nishant (2009-01-19),
469:
97:, and encourage them through
1152:Lordan, Betsy (2008-12-10),
244:
7:
2137:Information risk management
2058:Multi-factor authentication
1614:Related security categories
1178:Krebs, Brian (2009-03-20),
917:Leyden, John (2009-04-11).
703:Raywood, Dan (2010-01-15),
418:
142:required to play a certain
10:
2207:
2114:Intrusion detection system
2072:Computer security software
1728:Advanced persistent threat
1529:Intrusion detection system
336:(over $ 300,000 a month).
204:search engine optimization
27:Form of malicious software
2013:
1713:
1699:
1693:Digital rights management
1613:
1547:
1486:
1430:
1397:Privacy-invasive software
1344:
1298:
1262:
942:Cole, Dave (2006-07-03),
127:An image, screensaver or
1838:Denial-of-service attack
1733:Arbitrary code execution
1160:Federal Trade Commission
847:Federal Trade Commission
551:. 2009-04-08. p. 92
448:
193:Common infection vectors
165:security vulnerabilities
2176:Rogue security software
2048:Computer access control
2000:Rogue security software
1663:Electromagnetic warfare
1407:Rogue security software
369:—at the request of the
101:to install or purchase
31:Rogue security software
2094:Obfuscation (software)
1823:Browser Helper Objects
1707:
1443:Classic Mac OS viruses
1285:List of computer worms
752:Cite journal requires
440:Technical support scam
365:In December 2008, the
2089:Data-centric security
1970:Remote access trojans
1705:
1067:support.kaspersky.com
272:anti-malware programs
2021:Application security
1915:Privilege escalation
1783:Cross-site scripting
1636:Cybersex trafficking
1607:Information security
1565:Operation: Bot Roast
1220:at Wikimedia Commons
1033:10.1109/EC2ND.2009.8
1668:Information warfare
1626:Automotive security
1514:Defensive computing
1431:By operating system
148:Software shared on
2077:Antivirus software
1945:Social engineering
1910:Polymorphic engine
1863:Fraudulent dialers
1768:Hardware backdoors
1708:
1499:Antivirus software
1345:Malware for profit
1316:Man-in-the-browser
1263:Infectious malware
1092:spywarewarrior.com
875:. 24 November 2010
361:Government efforts
322:affiliate networks
161:drive-by downloads
107:antivirus software
85:built into modern
75:social engineering
35:malicious software
2186:Security breaches
2163:
2162:
2125:Anomaly detection
2030:Secure by default
1883:Keystroke loggers
1818:Drive-by download
1706:vectorial version
1673:Internet security
1621:Computer security
1573:
1572:
1524:Internet security
1478:HyperCard viruses
1387:Keystroke logging
1377:Fraudulent dialer
1321:Man-in-the-middle
1216:Media related to
1042:978-1-4244-6049-6
627:. blogs.adobe.com
375:restraining order
315:desktop computers
16:(Redirected from
2198:
2181:Types of malware
2034:Secure by design
1965:Hardware Trojans
1798:History sniffing
1788:Cross-site leaks
1683:Network security
1600:
1593:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1539:Network security
1504:Browser security
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1192:on July 23, 2012
1188:, archived from
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1027:. pp. 1–3.
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91:browser software
87:operating system
81:) to defeat the
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2009:
1709:
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1688:Copy protection
1678:Mobile security
1609:
1604:
1574:
1569:
1548:Countermeasures
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1534:Mobile security
1482:
1473:Palm OS viruses
1438:Android malware
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1336:Zombie computer
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1185:Washington Post
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355:Internet forums
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345:Private efforts
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340:Countermeasures
334:cyber-criminals
265:system software
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131:attached to an
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1793:DOM clobbering
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1773:Code injection
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1494:Anti-keylogger
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1468:Mobile malware
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1218:Rogue software
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1206:External links
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1002:. SecureWorks
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709:, SC Magazine
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686:on 2009-12-21
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33:is a form of
32:
19:
2099:Data masking
1999:
1658:Cyberwarfare
1406:
1331:Trojan horse
1311:Clickjacking
1194:, retrieved
1190:the original
1183:
1173:
1163:, retrieved
1154:
1147:
1137:, retrieved
1135:, 2008-12-03
1124:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1066:
1063:"Safety 101"
1057:
1046:. Retrieved
1023:
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
999:
989:
979:, retrieved
970:
963:
953:, retrieved
944:
937:
926:. Retrieved
923:The Register
922:
912:
906:, 2005-05-11
895:
889:
877:. Retrieved
870:
861:
851:, retrieved
849:, 2008-12-10
841:
801:
792:
780:. Retrieved
778:. 2010-11-15
775:
766:
745:cite journal
734:. Retrieved
721:
711:, retrieved
705:
698:
688:, retrieved
684:the original
674:
667:
657:, retrieved
648:
641:
629:. Retrieved
619:
609:, retrieved
600:
593:
583:, retrieved
574:
553:. Retrieved
521:. Retrieved
514:the original
501:
490:. Retrieved
486:
477:
457:
407:
403:domain names
399:XP Antivirus
391:DriveCleaner
387:WinAntivirus
364:
352:
348:
330:
319:
300:
284:
280:
248:
236:
227:
224:Malvertising
201:
187:Cold-calling
185:
169:
158:
150:peer-to-peer
129:archive file
114:Trojan horse
112:Most have a
111:
99:manipulation
72:
63:
30:
29:
2039:Misuse case
1873:Infostealer
1848:Email fraud
1813:Data breach
1648:Cybergeddon
1463:Macro virus
1448:iOS malware
1422:Web threats
1382:Infostealer
1299:Concealment
1072:11 November
879:25 November
872:Yahoo! News
631:25 November
413:chargebacks
410:credit card
255:pornography
138:Multimedia
69:Propagation
2170:Categories
2104:Encryption
1980:Web shells
1920:Ransomware
1868:Hacktivism
1631:Cybercrime
1487:Protection
1402:Ransomware
1367:Fleeceware
1196:2009-05-02
1165:2009-05-02
1139:2009-05-02
1048:2024-02-09
981:2016-03-22
955:2016-03-22
928:2009-05-05
853:2009-05-02
802:sophos.com
736:2010-11-18
713:2010-01-16
690:2010-01-16
659:2010-01-16
611:2016-03-22
585:2016-03-22
555:2009-05-02
523:2010-04-15
492:2021-11-13
470:References
425:Anti-virus
373:—issued a
202:Black Hat
144:video clip
120:A browser
59:SpySheriff
55:ransomware
1935:Shellcode
1930:Scareware
1778:Crimeware
1738:Backdoors
1412:Scareware
1362:Crimeware
549:Microsoft
444:Winwebsec
435:Scareware
395:ErrorSafe
297:software.
289:by also:
287:scareware
245:Operation
103:scareware
51:scareware
2109:Firewall
2014:Defenses
1940:Spamming
1925:Rootkits
1898:Phishing
1858:Exploits
1560:Honeypot
1519:Firewall
1306:Backdoor
976:Symantec
950:Symantec
776:BBC News
654:F-Secure
606:Symantec
580:Symantec
419:See also
383:WinFixer
152:networks
83:security
1950:Spyware
1893:Payload
1888:Malware
1828:Viruses
1808:Botnets
1715:Threats
1417:Spyware
1326:Rootkit
1255:Malware
1006:9 March
782:7 March
430:Privacy
303:spyware
135:message
122:plug-in
47:malware
2144:(SIEM)
2121:(HIDS)
2005:Zombie
1742:Bombs
1723:Adware
1392:Malbot
1357:Botnet
1352:Adware
1257:topics
1039:
397:, and
307:adware
181:Google
133:e-mail
1990:Worms
1985:Wiper
1903:Voice
1751:Logic
1129:(PDF)
900:(PDF)
824:(PDF)
731:(PDF)
680:eWeek
517:(PDF)
510:(PDF)
449:Notes
140:codec
79:fraud
43:virus
1756:Time
1746:Fork
1074:2018
1037:ISBN
1008:2016
881:2010
784:2012
758:help
633:2010
379:Kyiv
305:and
238:Spam
208:URLs
176:URLs
89:and
37:and
1761:Zip
1029:doi
371:FTC
326:USD
217:PHP
2172::
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