116:
604:
33:
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and other towns, and visited
Constantinople to demand pay for the Almogavars. Roger was created Caesar, perhaps in December 1304; other sources indicate that the date was shortly before Roger's death ("in 1305 the title of Caesar, which conferred great ceremonial status, though less real power") and
293:
of the
Byzantine Empire was facing siege by the Ottoman Turks, an Islamic Beylic approaching the capital of his empire after defeating his armies and ransacking most of his domains. Looking for assistance from the European kingdoms, Andronicus II made Roger an offer of service along with the
332:, then invested and reduced to extremities by the Turks. Given his position of unchallenged military power, he was accused of serving his own interest instead of those of the emperor because he was determined to create a principality in the East for himself. He sent his treasures to
315:
Facing strong opposition from the powerful
Genoese, some weeks passed lost in dissipation, intrigues, and bloody quarrels against the Genoese who were intent on keeping him out of the circles of power. Roger and his men were sent into
458:
The latter's reaction is known to history as the
Catalan Vengeance: a two-year devastation of Thrace and a two-year devastation of Macedonia, each havoc ceasing only when very little remained for the Company or their Turk allies to
670:
Dupuy, Mark (2003). Kagay, Donald Joseph; Villalon, L.J. Andrew (eds.). "The Master's Hand and the
Secular Arm:Property and Discipline in the Hospital of St. John in the Fourteenth Century".
278:"), whom he no longer had the means of paying. Given the political and military situation, Roger found an opportunity to make his services useful in the East fighting the
320:, and reportedly beat the Turks back as far as Armenia and Iran. After these successful encounters with the Turks, Roger and his army went into winter quarters at
274:
brought the war to an end in 1302, Frederick was unwilling and unable to keep a mercenary army and was anxious to free the island from troops (called "
1114:
619:
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798:
262:
was in progress at that time and Roger, by then one of the most experienced military commanders of his time, was called to the service of
624:
1089:
422:. Roger de Flor is the title and the main character of a historical novel by the late Greek writer and publisher Kostas Kyriazis.
1129:
572:
367:. The Catalan Company later avenged itself, plundering from Macedonia to Thrace in what has been called the "Catalan Vengeance".
115:
1104:
687:
582:
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340:
and seized the treasures. He then laid siege to the town, but his attacks were repulsed, and he was compelled to retire.
231:
in 1291, he went to Cyprus. Following intrigues and personal disputes he was accused of robbery and denounced by the
1109:
1084:
791:
738:
219:. He entered the order and became captain of a galley called "El falcĂł". After rescuing wealthy survivors during the
201:
1079:
1074:
1023:
784:
728:
439:
243:, where he borrowed a considerable sum from Ticino Doria, purchased a new vessel, and began a career in
425:
Spanish poet
Mariano CapdepĂłn composed a play dealing with the last days of Roger's life. The composer
324:. In May 1304 they again took the field, defeated the Turks at Germe along with Byzantine forces under
1119:
303:
302:. He was adopted into the imperial family, married to the emperor's niece Maria Asenina (daughter of
294:
Almogavar army under his command. In
September 1302, Roger with his fleet and army, now known as the
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1099:
1094:
836:
124:
1134:
932:
263:
846:
831:
707:
364:
271:
407:
and played an important role in the evolution of the
Western novel thanks to its influence on
1033:
977:
633:
Burns, R. Ignatius (October 1954). "The
Catalan Company and the European Powers, 1305–1311".
574:
The
Medieval Way of War: Studies in Medieval Military History in Honor of Bernard S. Bachrach
544:
The Medieval Way of War: Studies in Medieval Military History in Honor of Bernard S. Bachrach
431:
317:
205:
154:
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982:
220:
917:
672:
Crusaders, Condottieri, and Cannon: Medieval Warfare in Societies Around the Mediterranean
8:
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49:
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75:
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in 1490. It is one of the best-known medieval works of literature in the
146:
531:
The Western Mediterranean Kingdoms: The Struggle for Dominion, 1200-1500
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
418:("Surma ratsanikud"; 1963), a historical novel by Estonian writer
321:
239:. This resulted in his relegation from the order. Roger fled to
344:
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193:
84:
80:
71:
511:
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The life of Roger de Flor inspired the fictional character of
32:
240:
54:
378:
The early history of the Catalan Company was chronicled by
232:
542:"The Catalan Company in the East", by David Jacoby, in
554:
552:
477:
475:
211:
At eight years old Roger de Flor was sent to sea in a
714:(in Bulgarian). LiterNet Electronic Publishing House
312:) and commander-in-chief of the army and the fleet.
549:
487:
472:
546:ed. by Gregory I. Halfond (Routledge, 2016) p. 155
699:Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century
499:
1056:
328:and rendered the important service of relieving
414:Roger de Flor is one of the main characters of
204:. Richard von Blum was killed fighting at the
792:
177:, the second son of an Italian noblewoman of
806:
696:
628:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
517:
133:(1267 – 30 April 1305), also known as
149:active in Aragonese Sicily, Italy, and the
16:Italian military adventurer and condottiere
799:
785:
31:
145:, was an Italian military adventurer and
766:, L'esfera dels llibres, Barcelona 2005.
120:Entry of Roger de Flor in Constantinople
114:
1145:People assassinated in the 14th century
733:(2nd ed.). New York: Longman Inc.
570:
352:even days before ("Flor being promoted
1057:
705:
505:
359:In April 1305, he was assassinated in
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726:
669:
632:
558:
493:
481:
1115:People of the Byzantine–Ottoman wars
571:Halfond, Gregory I. (9 March 2016).
250:The struggle between the Aragonese
13:
533:(Taylor & Francis, 2014) p.121
382:, a member of the company, in his
14:
1156:
1090:Italian people of German descent
708:"Allies and Followers of Ivaylo"
602:
1130:Italian people murdered abroad
697:Korobeinikov, Dimitri (2014).
564:
536:
523:
452:
373:
153:. He was the commander of the
1:
594:
429:used this text for his opera
395:, an epic romance written by
1105:13th-century Sicilian people
466:
440:Paratrooper Brigade of Spain
200:) in the service of Emperor
164:
7:
1125:Assassinated Italian people
347:, he settled his troops in
298:, 6,500 strong, arrived at
266:, who gave him the rank of
10:
1161:
701:. Oxford University Press.
577:. Routledge. p. 181.
336:, but the people slew his
169:Roger de Flor was born in
1006:
870:
814:
680:10.1163/9789004474642_020
304:Ivan Asen III of Bulgaria
291:Andronicus II Palaeologus
264:Frederick, King of Sicily
135:Ruggero/Ruggiero da Fiore
105:
91:
61:
39:
30:
23:
1110:14th-century condottieri
1085:13th-century condottieri
837:Compagnia di San Giorgio
808:Companies of Mercenaries
445:
438:One of the units of the
370:He was fluent in Greek.
306:), and made grand duke (
282:, who were ravaging the
188:named Richard von Blum (
933:Federico da Montefeltro
764:Almogà vers: la història
706:Pavlov, Plamen (2005).
625:Encyclopædia Britannica
847:Great Company (German)
832:Compagnia della Stella
769:Francisco de Moncada,
762:Ernest Marcos Hierro,
727:Waley, Daniel (1985).
272:Peace of Caltabellotta
258:for the possession of
127:
1080:Byzantine mercenaries
978:Pedro de San Superano
730:Later Medieval Europe
416:The Horsemen of Death
206:Battle of Tagliacozzo
155:Great Catalan Company
125:José Moreno Carbonero
118:
106:Years of service
1075:People from Brindisi
983:Werner von Urslingen
442:is named after him.
988:Bernard de la Salle
883:Gian Paolo Baglioni
842:Company of the Rose
520:, pp. 285–286.
518:Korobeinikov (2014)
409:Miguel de Cervantes
363:by Andronikos' son
157:and held the title
1024:Campo delle Mosche
953:Bernat de Rocafort
938:Braccio da Montone
923:Astorre I Manfredi
898:Francois Hennequin
827:Company of the Hat
757:General references
674:. Brill: 329–351.
356:in April 1305").
343:Being recalled to
235:as a thief and an
128:
1052:
1051:
998:Lodrisio Visconti
968:Talbart Talbardon
918:Bascot de Mauléon
903:Konrad von Landau
878:Seguin de Badefol
852:Navarrese Company
771:Catalan Chronicle
689:978-90-04-47464-2
584:978-1-317-02419-4
215:belonging to the
175:Kingdom of Sicily
113:
112:
69:(aged 37–38)
50:Kingdom of Sicily
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1120:Medieval pirates
973:Bour de Breteuil
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397:Joanot Martorell
284:Byzantine Empire
229:Al-Ashraf Khalil
217:Knights Templars
151:Byzantine Empire
76:Byzantine Empire
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21:
20:
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1100:Catalan Company
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647:10.2307/2847099
618:, ed. (1911). "
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392:Tirant lo Blanc
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296:Catalan Company
256:kings of Naples
254:and the French
252:kings of Aragon
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139:Rutger von Blum
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641:(4): 751–771.
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620:Flor, Roger di
616:Chisholm, Hugh
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561:, p. 752.
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143:Ruggero Flores
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65:30 April 1305
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29:
25:Roger de Flor
22:
19:
963:Albert Sterz
948:Fra' Moriale
913:John Creswey
887:
770:
763:
744:. Retrieved
729:
716:. Retrieved
711:
698:
671:
638:
634:
623:
573:
566:
559:Burns (1954)
543:
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482:Dupuy (2003)
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330:Philadelphia
314:
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268:vice-admiral
249:
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202:Frederick II
189:
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142:
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134:
130:
129:
119:
79:(modern-day
67:(1305-04-30)
53:(modern-day
18:
1070:1305 deaths
1065:1267 births
374:Adaptations
270:. When the
147:condottiere
1059:Categories
908:Camus Bour
857:Tard-Venus
595:References
361:Adrianople
309:megas doux
276:Almogavars
92:Allegiance
72:Adrianople
1044:Parabiago
1029:Canturino
815:Companies
663:162223403
467:Citations
349:Gallipoli
326:Hranislav
208:in 1268.
165:Biography
109:1282–1305
1039:Halmyros
1019:Brignais
746:23 April
718:23 April
712:LiterNet
635:Speculum
435:(1878).
401:Valencia
338:Catalans
334:Magnesia
289:Emperor
237:apostate
186:falconer
179:Brindisi
171:Brindisi
46:Brindisi
1034:Cyzicus
1007:Battles
871:Leaders
655:2847099
613::
384:Crònica
365:Michael
322:Cyzicus
227:Sultan
223:by the
173:in the
737:
686:
661:
653:
607:
581:
354:kaisar
345:Europe
260:Sicily
245:piracy
225:Mamluk
213:galley
198:German
194:flower
192:means
183:German
181:and a
85:Turkey
81:Edirne
1014:Apros
659:S2CID
651:JSTOR
459:ruin.
446:Notes
241:Genoa
190:Blume
55:Italy
748:2021
735:ISBN
720:2021
684:ISBN
579:ISBN
318:Asia
233:Pope
62:Died
43:1267
40:Born
676:doi
643:doi
622:".
196:in
141:or
137:or
123:by
1061::
710:.
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649:.
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637:.
551:^
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386:.
286:.
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