745:... Traynor introduced the idea of broad social fault. "I believe," Traynor wrote, "the manufacturer's negligence should no longer be singled out as the basis of a plaintiff's right to recover in cases like the present one." .... "Even if there is no negligence," Traynor wrote further, "public policy demands that responsibility be fixed wherever it will most effectively reduce the hazards to life and health inherent in defective products that reach the market." Note the appeal to the demands of public policy, rather than law .... While this line of reasoning might be the basis for a legislative debate over which public policies should be adopted to allocate and compensate for risk, Justice Traynor's opinion represents a clear case of legislation by judicial fiat.
31:
737:'s journal) published a harsh critique of the California tort law system by Stephen Hayward. He claimed that "rather than protecting life, liberty, and property, has ... become a threat to these." In blunt language, Hayward identified Roger Traynor's liberalizing influence on the Court's view of liability as "the first breach":
602:(a rare honor for a judge). Many of his opinions are still mandatory reading for American law students. Also, Traynor did not uniformly join all opinions that could be characterized as "liberal" or "progressive" during his time on the Court; for example, he filed a two-sentence dissent in the landmark case of
753:
There are always some who note with alarm any appellate opinion that goes beyond a mechanical canvass of more or less established precedents. They include the diehards, dead set against all but familiar routines. They include the slothful, who would rationalize their own inertia. They also include
594:
judge. During his tenure, the decisions of the
Supreme Court of California became the most frequently cited by all other state courts in the nation. Several of Traynor's decisions were majority opinions that transformed California from a conservative and somewhat repressive state into a progressive,
664:
To those skeptical of government's power to redress social wrongs, Traynor's extraordinary work is notable for the degree to which it asserted the judiciary's power to resolve difficult issues of public policy, and to redefine the boundaries of corporate and governmental liability. In his biography
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through a general property tax on both real and personal property. This proved unworkable when property values collapsed. Through his work for the Board of
Equalization, Traynor was responsible for creating much of California's modern tax regime, including the
772:
in order to avoid losing eligibility for retirement benefits under a
California law that stripped judges of most benefits if they chose to remain on the bench past age 70. He became chairman of the National News Council, concerned with
758:
without articulating the corollary that decision would then be reduced to a blind toss of the coin. They do not state how problematic are the problems that reach the
Supreme Court, and how great the need for judicial reasoning beyond
1054:
1050:(1964) extension of such strict liability from manufacturers to retailers and all others involved in the "overall producing and marketing enterprise that should bear the cost of injuries resulting from defective products,"
457:
from 1937 to 1940. In particular, he took a leave of absence from
Berkeley in 1933 to work full-time for the Board of Equalization, and another leave in 1937 to help the Treasury Department draft the Revenue Act of 1938.
991:
665:
of
Traynor, White wrote: "If California was a testing ground for governmental theories of modern liberalism, Traynor was an architect of a judicial role compatible with the activities of the modern liberal state."
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557:. He was unanimously confirmed by the Qualifications Committee on August 13 and was sworn in the same day. In December 1940, he was retained by the voters in the election. In August 1964, Chief Justice
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in political science from UC Berkeley and would go on to earn a J.D. in 1956. They had three sons: Michael, Joseph, and
Stephen. Michael followed his father into law; he attended
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in
American life was a necessary and beneficial phenomenon." After his retirement from the California Supreme Court, Traynor spent the last years of his life as a professor at the
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831:(1948) overturning a state law prohibiting miscegenation, Civil Code Section 69. The Supreme Court of California was the first state supreme court to abolish such laws.
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390:, UC Berkeley's law school, in 1927. He earned the two latter degrees at the same time, while also teaching undergraduates and serving as editor-in-chief of the
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1081:(1969) the rule that majority shareholders of closely held corporations have a duty to not destroy the value of the shares held by minority shareholders
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carpers hostile toward any enlightenment, who would knowingly impair judicial vigil by keeping the visibility low. Slyly they equate justice with the
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is probably his 1963 creation of true strict liability in product liability cases. An earlier generation of judges had cautiously experimented with
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gave over all its space in issue 4, volume 71 to publishing eloquent tributes to
Justice Traynor from several esteemed judges, law professors, and
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1062:(1968) the rule that extrinsic evidence of trade usage or custom is admissible where relevant to prove a meaning to which the language of a
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In a 1966 essay addressed to both the legal community of his time and future generations, Traynor defended his judicial philosophy:
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Traynor was also noted for the quality of his writing and reasoning, and was honored during his lifetime with membership in the
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494:(1937). He also served as the first administrator of the California sales tax and supervised its deployment across 200,000
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On August 23, 1933, Traynor married
Madeleine Emilie Lackman, a woman who shared his love of learning: she already held a
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359:
308:, Traynor's 30-year career as California's 77th Justice coincided with demographic, social, and governmental growth in
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1038:) which a 1996 panel of tort law experts subsequently ranked as the top development in tort law of the past 50 years.
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The liberal tendencies of much of Traynor's work has since made him the subject of extensive criticism from American
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2028:, ed. J. Edward Johnson, 206–211 (San Francisco: Bancroft-Whitney Company, 1966), 211. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
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293:. He is widely considered to be one of the most creative and influential judges and legal scholars of his time.
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in 1936. In 1939, he started serving as the Acting Dean of Boalt Hall at UC Berkeley, where he had earned his
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Roger J. Traynor, on leave from the University of California law school, was named division chief yesterday.
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from relitigating an issue that had been previously decided in an earlier suit against a different party
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1992:
1615:. No. 39. California Digital Newspaper Collection. Associated Press. 12 August 1933. p. 1
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2173:"Press release: Cooley Litigator, Michael Traynor, Named to American Academy of Appellate Lawyers"
1589:. No. 39. California Digital Newspaper Collection. Associated Press. 9 August 1933. p. 1
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without any recourse. Traynor simply threw those away and imposed strict liability as a matter of
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town, at the turn of the century by Felix and Elizabeth Traynor. His parents were impoverished
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After retiring from the Supreme Court of California in 1970, Traynor became a professor at the
1934:
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noted that "Traynor was often called one of the greatest judicial talents never to sit on the
2140:. California Digital Newspaper Collection. Capitol News Service. 17 November 1973. p. A4
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the membership of the court, which included such unusually gifted jurists as Roger J. Traynor
1677:"Politically Speaking: Warren Rebukes Olson, Governor Names Traynor, Youthful, Inexperienced"
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Traynor authored more than 900 opinions, and he gained a reputation as the nation's leading
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819:(1944) Early suggestion (in concurrence) of true strict liability for defective products
2045:. No. 130. California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. 5 January 1970. p. 8
1959:
71, no. 4 (July 1983): 1037–1038, Henry J. Friendly, "Ablest judge of his generation,"
1762:. No. 20. California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. 9 December 1940. p. 1
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1560:. No. 39. California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. 3 August 1933. p. 15
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1788:. No. 79. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1 September 1964. p. 2
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While he was a faculty member of the Berkeley Law School, Traynor also acted as a
362:, though he had only $ 500 in savings to finance his college education. He won a
2008:
1978:
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945:, 51 Cal.2d 409, 333 P.2d 757 (1958). A party who has detrimentally relied on an
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1656:. No. 80. California Digital Newspaper Collection. July 31, 1940. p. 1
1534:. No. 79. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 2 August 1933. p. 1
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at the end of his first year due to his excellent grades, and went on to earn a
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957:, but most jurisdictions have been loath to apply it except in cases involving
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1703:"Traynor Accepted in Supreme Court, University Professor Takes Oath of Office"
550:
On July 31, 1940, Traynor was nominated to the Supreme Court of California by
2387:
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1890:
D.J. DeBenedictis, "Traynor dies at 83: led state court in progressive era,"
1503:
Justice Stanley Mosk: A Life at the Center of California Politics and Justice
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121:
2114:. California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. 10 November 1973. p. 3A
1633:"Chief Explains New Sales Law: Director Traynor Clears Up Disputed Points,"
1404:
The Traynor Reader: A Collection of Essays by the Honorable Roger J. Traynor
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1609:"Business Men Confer With State Board About Troublesome Sales Tax Features"
1010:(1961) the "moderate and restrained interpretation" doctrine for resolving
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701:
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1963:
71, no. 4 (July 1983): 1039–1044 and Edmund G. Brown, "A judicial giant,"
1447:. San Francisco, CA: Bancroft-Whitney Co. pp. 182–196. Archived from
2025:
History of the Supreme Court Justices of California: Volume II, 1900–1950
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1863:"Editorial: Phil Gibson's Efforts Forged Modern, Efficient Court System"
645:. But his most significant and well-known contribution to contemporary
2088:. California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. 3 July 1973. p. A3
1407:. San Francisco: The Hastings Law Journal, Hastings College of the Law.
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by becoming ostensible religious gurus and founding religious communes.
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Jeffrey Robert White, "Top 10 in torts: evolution in the common law,"
1683:. No. 88. California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. p. 2
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525:. He also spent some time visiting and teaching at the law schools of
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1840:. California Digital Newspaper Collection. March 28, 1985. p. 10
1736:. No. 9. California Digital Newspaper Collection. UPI. p. 4
1254:"Chief Justice Roger J. Traynor | California Supreme Court Resources"
685:
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1709:. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 14 August 1940. p. 1
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have often grouped Traynor together with Earl Warren as examples of
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1869:. California Digital Newspaper Collection. May 1, 1984. p. 12
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633:. Traynor also wrote a 1952 opinion that abolished the defense of
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In 1919, upon the advice of a high school teacher, he entered the
638:
626:
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1939:, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press US, 2007), p. 247;
1936:
American Judicial Tradition: Profiles of Leading American Judges
1976:
L. Gordon Crovitz and Stephen Bates, "How law destroys order,"
875:
barring admissibility of evidence obtained in violation of the
782:
495:
341:
297:
2064:"Coast Chief Justice to Resign; Reagan Will Choose Successor,"
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3rd ed. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005), pp. 551, 688.
2251:
Friendly, Henry J. (1983). "Ablest Judge of His Generation".
2022:
Roger J. Traynor, "The Supreme Court's Watch On The Law," in
859:(1952) the defense of recrimination in the context of divorce
953:
to recover damages. This doctrine was incorporated into the
1336:
Roth, Elizabeth (1983). "The Two Voices of Roger Traynor".
1301:
Tobriner, Mathew O. (1970). "Chief Justice Roger Traynor".
1031:
465:, nearly all California governmental functions were funded
174:
1278:"Arthur J. Morris Law Library | People | Roger J. Traynor"
608:(1968), which was a major step towards the modern tort of
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innovative jurisdiction in the forefront of American law.
501:
In January 1940, he started working part-time as a Deputy
2213:
High-resolution portrait from Bancroft Library archives
1055:
Pacific Gas & Elec. Co. v. G. W. Thomas Drayage Co.
724:
Pacific Gas & Elec. Co. v. G. W. Thomas Drayage Co.
965:
in competitive-bid contracts (similar to the facts in
1850:
Roger J. Traynor, an internationally respected jurist
2347:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California
1441:
History of Supreme Court, Vol 2, Justices, 1900–1950
316:. Traynor believed (in the words of his biographer,
1730:"Politically Speaking: California is the Key State"
1500:Braitman, Jacqueline R.; Uelmen, Gerald F. (2012).
1126:
List of justices of the Supreme Court of California
2454:United States Department of the Treasury officials
992:Biggers v. Sacramento City Unified School District
877:Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
653:like warranties to avoid leaving severely injured
281:from 1940 to 1964. Previously, he had served as a
2039:"Reagan Has First Chance To Name a State Justice"
989:with the Tort Claims Act of 1963 as explained in
2385:
1381:"The Writings of Chief Justice Roger J. Traynor"
929:(1955) the rule that parents cannot evade their
273:(February 12, 1900 – May 14, 1983) was the 23rd
949:that is revoked prior to acceptance may assert
726:, 69 Cal. 2d 33 (1968)) in a 1991 cover story.
641:and paved the way for the social revolution of
2313:. California Supreme Court Historical Society.
1499:
1243:, 17 May 1983, B6. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
1180:"University of California: In Memoriam, 1985"
985:, although the Legislature promptly overrode
568:
56:September 1, 1964 – February 2, 1970
1401:White, G. Edward (1987). "Introduction," in
1212:"Roger Traynor: Teacher, Jurist, and Friend"
845:intentional infliction of emotional distress
277:(1964–1970) and an associate justice of the
111:August 13, 1940 – September 1, 1964
2409:Justices of the Supreme Court of California
1903:Irving Younger, "Legal Writing All-Stars,"
1805:
1803:
1760:Healdsburg Tribune, Enterprise and Scimitar
1756:"Johnson's Vote Makes Record in California"
1734:Healdsburg Tribune, Enterprise and Scimitar
1681:Healdsburg Tribune, Enterprise and Scimitar
1433:
1379:Sabine, James E.; Clark, Robert S. (1980).
1378:
1066:is reasonably susceptible, undermining the
879:(as suggested by the U.S. Supreme Court in
836:State Rubbish Collectors Ass'n v. Siliznoff
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812:Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co. of Fresno
768:On January 2, 1970, Traynor announced his
712:. For example, the conservative magazine
610:negligent infliction of emotional distress
561:stepped down from the bench, and Governor
425:, while serving as editor-in-chief of the
29:
2108:"Florida Rule Threat to Freedom of Press"
1834:"Editorial: Wright: Justice of Principle"
1782:"Lynch Takes Mosk's Place, Swears Him In"
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516:
403:
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1800:
1554:"Officers to Collect Sales Tax Selected"
1300:
455:United States Department of the Treasury
2434:American scholars of constitutional law
2082:"'Freedom of Press' Has Own Roadblocks"
1437:
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219:
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2229:
1727:
1674:
1475:"Roger J. Traynor, California Justice"
1235:"Roger J. Traynor, California Justice"
1209:
933:obligations through the invocation of
451:California State Board of Equalization
440:
396:. He was subsequently admitted to the
289:, and an Acting Dean and Professor of
2370:September 1, 1964 – February 2, 1970
2317:Opinions authored by Roger J. Traynor
2271:
2200:, ali.org. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
1993:"Golden Lawsuits in the Golden State"
1528:"Sales Taxes Cause Upset of Business"
1338:The American Journal of Legal History
1102:, and has served as president of The
1019:Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc.
600:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
283:Deputy Attorney General of California
2351:August 13, 1940 – September 1, 1964
2230:Burger, Warren (1983). "A Tribute".
2179:. Cooley Godward LLP. April 12, 2006
2013:(1944), 50 P.2d 436, 24 Cal. 2d 453.
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974:Muskopf v. Corning Hospital District
718:attacked Traynor's reasoning in the
1728:Dunlap, Jack W. (31 October 1940).
378:in 1926; all these degrees were in
13:
2223:
1907:72, no. 12 (December 1986): 94–95.
1675:Dunlap, Jack W. (August 5, 1940).
981:(1961) overturned the doctrine of
511:Chief Justice of the United States
505:under California Attorney General
360:University of California, Berkeley
320:) that "the increased presence of
242:University of California, Berkeley
14:
2470:
2449:Lawyers from Berkeley, California
2424:UC Berkeley School of Law faculty
2304:
1967:71, no. 4 (July 1983): 1053–1054.
1222:
1196:
1161:
1074:Jones v. H. F. Ahmanson & Co.
955:Restatement (Second) of Contracts
2439:American people of Irish descent
2414:UC Berkeley School of Law alumni
2010:Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co.
1650:"Has Another Try Complete Court"
1085:
788:
781:and died there in his home from
743:Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co.
720:Pacific Gas and Electric Company
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2016:
2002:
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1546:
1520:
1493:
1473:Ledbetter, Les (May 17, 1983).
1466:
1395:
843:(1952) the cause of action for
565:appointed Traynor to the post.
336:Traynor was born and raised in
215:
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1372:
1329:
1294:
1270:
1246:
1137:
545:
453:from 1932 to 1940, and to the
408:
1:
2162:32, no. 7 (July 1996): 50–53.
2134:"Nixon's Charges Under Study"
1145:"Past & Present Justices"
763:
2429:American philosophers of law
2419:20th-century American judges
2404:Chief justices of California
1955:Warren Burger, "A tribute,"
1823:. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
1583:"Divide State for Sales Tax"
1043:Vandermark v. Ford Motor Co.
1034:for defective products (see
777:. Afterwards, he retired to
691:
621:was the first instance of a
421:, Traynor wrote articles on
7:
2444:People from Park City, Utah
2366:Chief Justice of California
2323:Past & Present Justices
1438:Johnson, J. Edward (1966).
1109:
803:(1942) a litigant could be
796:Bernhard v. Bank of America
585:United States Supreme Court
279:Supreme Court of California
275:Chief Justice of California
44:Chief Justice of California
10:
2475:
2325:. California State Courts.
2217:California Digital Library
1100:Cooley Godward Kronish LLP
942:Drennan v. Star Paving Co.
900:would be rendered moot by
569:Recognition and reputation
523:UC Hastings College of Law
326:UC Hastings College of Law
2372:
2363:
2353:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2272:Brown, Edmund G. (1983).
1982:, 11 February 1991, 28–33
1892:Los Angeles Daily Journal
1812:A History of American Law
1506:. McFarland. p. 48.
1282:archives.law.virginia.edu
1210:McCall, James R. (1984).
429:, and became a full-time
291:UC Berkeley School of Law
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97:Associate Justice of the
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84:
72:
60:
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41:
37:
28:
21:
1999:17, no. 3 (Summer 1998).
1131:
1098:, became a partner with
541:California Supreme Court
472:vehicle registration fee
332:Early life and education
314:United States of America
99:California Supreme Court
2198:Michael Traynor profile
535:University of Cambridge
398:State Bar of California
1809:Lawrence M. Friedman,
1104:American Law Institute
761:
747:
531:University of Virginia
517:UC Hastings and others
404:Academics and politics
1965:California Law Review
1961:California Law Review
1957:California Law Review
1894:, May 17, 1983, pg. 1
896: (1949)), though
805:collaterally estopped
751:
739:
670:California Law Review
427:California Law Review
393:California Law Review
353:Hilltown, County Down
2319:. Courtlistener.com.
2071:, 3 January 1970, 7.
1639:, 4 August 1933, 11.
1216:Hastings Law Journal
922:Pencovic v. Pencovic
852:De Burgh v. De Burgh
775:freedom of the press
741:In the 1944 case of
615:His 1948 opinion in
488:corporate income tax
382:. He also earned a
2459:Scholars of tax law
1258:scocal.stanford.edu
1068:parol evidence rule
1004:Bernkrant v. Fowler
997:25 Cal. App. 3d 269
961:relying on bids by
959:general contractors
951:promissory estoppel
935:freedom of religion
623:state supreme court
441:Political positions
208:Madeline E. Lackman
2274:"A Judicial Giant"
1867:San Bernardino Sun
1838:San Bernardino Sun
1613:San Bernardino Sun
1587:San Bernardino Sun
1558:San Bernardino Sun
1303:Harvard Law Review
1096:Harvard Law School
983:sovereign immunity
710:judicial activists
668:In July 1983, the
637:in the context of
527:University of Utah
509:(who later became
271:Roger John Traynor
165:Roger John Traynor
2382:
2381:
2373:Succeeded by
2354:Succeeded by
1991:Stephen Hayward,
1933:G. Edward White,
1636:Los Angeles Times
1036:product liability
873:exclusionary rule
380:political science
268:
267:
168:February 12, 1900
2466:
2376:Donald R. Wright
2337:Preceded by
2329:
2328:
2311:Roger J. Traynor
2300:
2298:
2296:
2290:10.15779/Z38PN04
2284:(4): 1053–1054.
2268:
2265:10.15779/Z382T7Q
2259:(4): 1039–1044.
2247:
2244:10.15779/Z386M9N
2238:(4): 1037–1038.
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1309:(8): 1769–1772.
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1028:strict liability
1012:conflict-of-laws
882:Wolf v. Colorado
643:no-fault divorce
625:striking down a
503:Attorney General
463:Great Depression
400:that same year.
223:
221:
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156:Personal details
142:
130:
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91:Donald R. Wright
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1971:
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1454:on 22 July 2018
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1184:texts.cdlib.org
1178:
1177:
1162:
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1138:
1134:
1121:US contract law
1112:
1088:
864:People v. Cahan
791:
766:
756:blindfold image
715:National Review
694:
686:Edmund G. Brown
571:
548:
543:
519:
443:
411:
406:
374:in 1924, and a
338:Park City, Utah
334:
318:G. Edward White
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2340:Phil S. Gibson
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2332:Legal offices
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2068:New York Times
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2015:
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1984:
1969:
1948:
1926:
1923:68 Cal. 2d 728
1918:Dillon v. Legg
1909:
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1786:Madera Tribune
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1513:978-0786468416
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1385:BYU Law Review
1371:
1350:10.2307/845157
1344:(3): 269–301.
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963:subcontractors
938:
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869:44 Cal. 2d 434
860:
857:39 Cal. 2d 858
848:
841:38 Cal. 2d 330
832:
829:32 Cal. 2d 711
824:Perez v. Sharp
820:
817:24 Cal. 2d 453
808:
801:19 Cal. 2d 807
790:
787:
765:
762:
735:Cato Institute
706:tort reformers
693:
690:
682:Henry Friendly
651:legal fictions
618:Perez v. Sharp
605:Dillon v. Legg
580:New York Times
570:
567:
559:Phil S. Gibson
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1060:69 Cal. 2d 33
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789:List of cases
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635:recrimination
632:
631:miscegenation
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555:Culbert Olson
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122:Culbert Olson
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95:
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80:
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71:
68:
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2357:Stanley Mosk
2345:
2293:. Retrieved
2281:
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2090:. Retrieved
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2047:. Retrieved
2042:
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2004:
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1960:
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1680:
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1653:
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1612:
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1557:
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1531:
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1481:. p. B7
1478:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1440:
1403:
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1285:. Retrieved
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1257:
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1183:
1152:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1089:
1079:1 Cal. 3d 93
1072:
1053:
1041:
1026:(1963) true
1017:
1002:
990:
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972:
966:
940:
920:
903:Mapp v. Ohio
901:
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740:
730:
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695:
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669:
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647:American law
629:prohibiting
616:
614:
603:
597:
589:
578:
572:
549:
520:
500:
490:(1937), and
466:
460:
444:
426:
412:
391:
370:in 1923, an
357:
335:
295:
270:
269:
187:(1983-05-14)
185:May 14, 1983
146:Stanley Mosk
141:Succeeded by
117:Appointed by
106:
86:Succeeded by
62:Appointed by
51:
2399:1983 deaths
2394:1900 births
2278:Cal. L. Rev
2253:Cal. L. Rev
2232:Cal. L. Rev
2207:Photographs
1905:ABA Journal
1116:US tort law
917: (1961)
871:(1955) the
674:politicians
592:state court
546:Appointment
507:Earl Warren
461:Before the
419:UC Berkeley
409:UC Berkeley
364:scholarship
312:and in the
287:Earl Warren
129:Preceded by
74:Preceded by
2388:Categories
2295:October 3,
2183:October 3,
2144:October 3,
2138:Desert Sun
2118:October 3,
2112:Desert Sun
2092:October 3,
2086:Desert Sun
2049:October 3,
2043:Desert Sun
1997:Regulation
1945:019972430X
1873:October 3,
1844:October 3,
1821:0743282582
1792:October 3,
1766:October 3,
1740:October 3,
1713:October 3,
1687:October 3,
1660:October 3,
1619:October 3,
1593:October 3,
1564:October 3,
1538:October 3,
1485:October 6,
1458:October 3,
1287:2019-10-03
1263:2019-10-03
1189:2019-10-03
1154:2019-10-03
770:retirement
764:Retirement
731:Regulation
655:plaintiffs
533:, and the
480:income tax
447:consultant
415:Boalt Hall
388:Boalt Hall
349:immigrants
322:government
310:California
302:liberalism
300:noted for
196:California
1358:0002-9319
1315:0017-811X
759:formulas.
729:In 1998,
692:Criticism
563:Pat Brown
496:retailers
476:sales tax
431:professor
340:, then a
238:Education
171:Park City
107:In office
67:Pat Brown
52:In office
1921:(1968),
1110:See also
1064:contract
1014:problems
779:Berkeley
575:obituary
552:Governor
492:fuel tax
486:(1935),
482:(1935),
478:(1933),
474:(1933),
437:degree.
423:taxation
306:activism
230:Children
192:Berkeley
1323:1339686
987:Muskopf
967:Drennan
639:divorce
627:statute
577:in the
484:use tax
449:to the
224:
212:
1943:
1819:
1510:
1366:845157
1364:
1356:
1321:
1313:
999:(1972)
847:(IIED)
783:cancer
722:case (
704:, and
684:, and
342:mining
298:jurist
285:under
218:
203:Spouse
198:, U.S.
177:, U.S.
2160:Trial
1452:(PDF)
1445:(PDF)
1362:JSTOR
1319:JSTOR
1132:Notes
947:offer
910:
898:Cahan
889:
733:(the
386:from
376:Ph.D.
351:from
346:Irish
222:)
214:(
210:
42:23rd
2297:2017
2185:2017
2146:2017
2120:2017
2094:2017
2051:2017
1941:ISBN
1875:2017
1846:2017
1817:ISBN
1794:2017
1768:2017
1742:2017
1715:2017
1689:2017
1662:2017
1621:2017
1595:2017
1566:2017
1540:2017
1508:ISBN
1487:2017
1460:2017
1389:1980
1354:ISSN
1311:ISSN
1092:M.A.
1032:tort
912:U.S.
891:U.S.
700:and
587:."
573:His
467:only
435:J.D.
384:J.D.
372:M.A.
368:B.A.
304:and
220:1933
182:Died
175:Utah
161:Born
2286:doi
2261:doi
2240:doi
1995:,
1346:doi
1237:,
1030:in
915:643
908:367
887:338
513:).
417:of
413:At
254:PhD
2390::
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2276:.
2257:71
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2234:.
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2175:.
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2110:.
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1877:.
1865:.
1848:.
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1802:^
1784:.
1758:.
1732:.
1705:.
1679:.
1652:.
1611:.
1585:.
1568:.
1556:.
1530:.
1477:.
1412:^
1387:.
1383:.
1360:.
1352:.
1342:27
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1307:83
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1224:^
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