1194:, p .89, by Igor Lukes, Oxford University Press, 1996, quoting Vansittarts's own words: "I have been on very friendly terms with Herr Henlein for some years past and have seen him frequently during his visits to London." Herr Henlein's conversations in London, May 1938, Note of a Conversation with Sir R. Vansittart. See also Czechoslovakia before Munich, p. 212, by J. W. Bruegel, Cambridge University Press, 1973 and Remarks on the Roundtable 'Munich from the Czech Perspective', in East Central Europe-L'Europe du Centre-Est 10, nr. 1–2, 1983, 158–159.
57:
959:
966:
535:
had supported Eden's efforts to defuse the
Rhineland crisis as British rearmament had only just begun, but Vansittart urged the government to use the crisis as a chance to begin forming a military alliance with France against Germany. By the spring of 1936, Vansittart had become convinced that a "general settlement" with Germany was not possible. A Foreign Office official
669:
In the opinion of the author, it is an illusion to differentiate between the German right, centre, or left, or the German
Catholics or Protestants, or the German workers or capitalists. They are all alike, and the only hope for a peaceful Europe is a crushing and violent military defeat followed by a
544:
sufficient raw materials to make
Germany immune to a British blockade, which would then allow the Germans to overrun Western Europe. Vansittart commented that to allow Germany to conquer Eastern Europe would "lead to the disappearance of liberty and democracy in Europe". By contrast, Eden saw British
576:
younger brother) and others. It is not known how much that encouraged Hitler, but he later stated very similar views: "the Führer believed that almost certainly
Britain and probably France as well, had already tacitly written off the Czechs and were reconciled to the fact that this question would be
539:
suggested that
Britain give Germany a "free hand in the East" (i.e. accept the German conquest of all Eastern Europe) in exchange for a German promise to accept the status quo in Western Europe. Vansittart wrote in response that Hitler was seeking world conquest, and that to allow Germany to conquer
563:
Vansittart told
Henlein that "no serious intervention in favour of the Czechs was to be feared from Great Britain and probably also from France." That reached Hitler in the second half of 1937, when he was deciding about his plan to overthrow Austria and Czechoslovakia; his decisions were not proof
534:
with Eden supporting sanctions against Italy while
Vansittart wanted Italy as an ally against Germany. Vansittart argued that there was no prospect of a "general settlement" with Hitler, and the best that could be done was to strengthen ties with the French in order to confront Germany. Vansittart
926:
Vansittart married his first wife, Gladys
Robinson-Duff (née Heppenheimer), daughter of General William C. Heppenheimer, of the United States, in 1921. They had one daughter, the Honourable Cynthia Vansittart (1922–2023). Gladys died in 1928. He married his second wife, Sarita Enriqueta Ward,
560:(1938). Vansittart genuinely liked Henlein, the mild-mannered and easy-going gymnastics teacher, and believed in assurances that all he wanted was autonomy for the Sudetenland. Much of Vansittart's later turn towards Germanphobia was provoked by his discovery that Henlein had deceived him.
1222:, p. 81, by Igor Lukes, Oxford University Press, 1996, from Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918–1945, series D (1937–45), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1949, 2:22–23, Minister Ernst Eisenlohr's report to the German Foreign Ministry dated 22 October 1937.
463:
in
Germany's favour but only after Hitler was no longer in power. Vansittart believed that Britain should be firm with Germany, with an alliance between France and the Soviet Union against Germany essential. Vansittart also urgently advocated rearmament.
2620:
1234:, p. 81, by Igor Lukes, Oxford University Press, 1996, from Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918–1945, series D (1937–45), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1949, series D, 1:29–39, the (Friedrich) Hossbach Memorandum.
515:" and that Continental Europe was the central British national interest, but he doubted whether agreement could be had there. That was because he feared that German attention, if turned eastwards, would result in a military empire between the
707:(CB) in 1927, a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in 1929, a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in 1931 and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in 1938. He was sworn into the
1562:
653:
in 1870 and World War I in 1914. They must be thoroughly re-educated under strict Allied supervision for at least a generation. De-Nazification was not enough. The German military elite was the real cause of war, especially the
649:. Therefore, after Germany was defeated, it must be stripped of all military capacity, including its heavy industries. The German people enthusiastically supported Hitler's wars of aggression, just as they had supported the
638:
During the war, Vansittart became a prominent advocate of a very anti-German line. His earlier worries about
Germany were reformulated into an argument that Germany was intrinsically militaristic and aggressive. In
1513:
475:
as non-negotiable. It was because he believed that Germany had gained equality in Europe that Vansittart favoured facilitating German expansion in Africa. He thought that Hitler was exploiting fears of a
506:
Vansittart thought that in either case time should be "bought for rearmament" by an economic agreement with Germany and by appeasing every "genuine grievance" about colonies. Vansittart wanted to detach
678:
We didn't go to war in 1939 to save Germany from Hitler ... or the continent from fascism. Like in 1914 we went to war for the not lesser noble cause that we couldn't accept a German hegemony over
1695:
530:
At the Foreign Office in the 1930s, Vansittart was a major figure in the loose group of officials and politicians opposed to appeasement of Germany. Eden and Vansittart had already clashed during the
687:
wrote in 1944: "To some, such as Lord Vansittart, the main problem of policy was to watch Germany and prevent her power reviving. No one can refuse him a tribute for his foresight in this matter."
2605:
2585:
471:
would hardly have recognised" and that Britain should negotiate with Germany. He thought that satisfying Hitler's "land hunger" at Soviet expense would be immoral and regarded the
645:(1941), Vansittart portrayed Nazism as just the latest manifestation of Germany's continuous record of aggression from the time of the Roman Empire, thus giving rise to the term
1688:
354:. He then travelled in Europe for two years to improve his French and German, where his experiences and study of the political systems prevailing may have contributed to his
2615:
2595:
218:
38:
1681:
456:
from the start and claimed that what Hitler said was "for foreign consumption". He thought Hitler would start another European war as soon as he "felt strong enough".
2580:
564:
of high intuition or intellect but were based on information received indirectly from Vansittart, among other well-placed politicians and officers in Britain, like
418:
71:
2600:
1378:
1704:
1625:
113:
1848:
1777:
1591:
646:
441:
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264:
and his strong stance against Germany both during and after the Second World War. Vansittart was also a published poet, novelist and playwright.
257:
674:
He also wrote that "the other Germany has never existed save in a small and ineffective minority". On other occasions, he made similar remarks:
2254:
2223:
708:
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role of an advisor (although initially the French and Germans thought it was a promotion). He was out of favour with his former supporter Sir
2610:
602:
That brought him into conflict with the political leadership at the time, and he was removed as Permanent Under-Secretary in 1938 into the
2625:
211:
34:
887:
was of Denham, the parish where London Films had its studio and he owned Denham Place. Vansittart contributed to four motion pictures.
545:
interests as confined only to Western Europe, and did not share Vansittart's beliefs about what Hitler's ultimate intentions might be.
260:
from 1930 to 1938 and later served as Chief Diplomatic Adviser to the British Government. He is best remembered for his opposition to
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472:
2590:
1802:
978:
An eagle’s head couped at the breast between two wings elevated and displayed Sable the whole resting on two crosses pattée Argent.
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2630:
2304:
2570:
837:
641:
569:
316:
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548:
In spite of his harsh opposition to appeasement with Germany, Vansittart had been on "very friendly terms with Herr (Konrad)
328:
1345:
2650:
1530:
312:
253:
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at the British Embassy in Paris between 1903 and 1905, when he became Third Secretary. He then served at the embassies in
2635:
1760:
1461:
417:
and became an Assistant Secretary at the Foreign Office in 1920. From that year to 1924, he was private secretary to the
225:
42:
1898:
1785:
1991:
1948:
1923:
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700:
910:
484:
332:
2640:
2496:
2335:
2316:
1729:
1713:
904:
2366:
2205:
635:
for libel for an article, written by Barnes in 1939, accusing him of then plotting aggression against Germany.
232:
46:
2037:
1985:
1942:
1917:
1810:
1645:
734:
Vansittart was also a published poet, novelist and playwright. This is a partial list of his literary works:
611:
607:
410:
1382:
2440:
2434:
1892:
414:
301:
1039:
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2062:
1526:
936:
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In the summer of 1936, Vansittart visited Germany and claimed that he found a climate that "the ghost of
429:
377:
in Paris he wrote a play in French which was performed at the prestigious Theatre Moliere for six weeks.
249:
580:
After the war, an effort was made to cover up Vansittart's embarrassing "real friendship" with Henlein.
2655:
2490:
2471:
324:
984:
Ermine an eagle displayed Sable on a chief Gules a ducal coronet Or between two crosses pattée Argent.
1735:
1539:
866:(1957), Hutchinson & Co. London (published posthumously with a prefatory note by his wife Sarita)
409:
he was joint head of the contraband department and then head of the Prisoner of War Department under
1673:
1535:
1840:
1829:
1791:
1618:
631:
Vansittart was also involved in intelligence work. In 1940, Vansittart sued the American historian
307:
Cognatically (patrilineally) the family is of Dutch descent; ancestors included Arthur Vansittart,
2502:
1746:
940:
928:
884:
718:
175:
2031:
1966:
1766:
1057:
500:
1873:
696:
355:
296:, Berkshire. His younger brother Guy Nicholas (Nick) Vansittart had a successful career with
2621:
Principal Private Secretaries to the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
1357:
2565:
2560:
898:
659:
610:
the head of the civil service and the new head (and confident of Chamberlain and appeaser)
592:
553:
350:, where he was a member of the exclusive Eton Society (also called Pop) and Captain of the
308:
300:
before and after the war. He was recruited into "Z" Network during the 1930s and served in
25:
8:
2023:
650:
617:
A new post as "Chief Diplomatic Adviser to His Majesty's Government" was instead created
587:, the Foreign Office's Press Secretary, often leaked information to a private newspaper,
2248:
2217:
2012:
1960:
1884:
1362:
918:
with whom he also wrote the concert musical work for voices, "Beast of Burden" (1940).
632:
496:
289:
1259:
edited by Ljubica & Mark Erickson, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004 p. 278.
556:, which demanded autonomy for the Sudetenland, as was eventually achieved through the
292:, by his wife Susan Alice Blane, third daughter of Gilbert James Blane, landowner, of
2284:
2178:
2048:
1721:
1603:
1493:
1457:
915:
892:
704:
460:
389:
in 1902, starting as a clerk in the Eastern Department, where he was a specialist on
106:
1244:
Czechoslovakia Between Stalin and Hitler: the Diplomacy of Edvard Benes in the 1930s
1232:
Czechoslovakia Between Stalin and Hitler: the Diplomacy of Edvard Benes in the 1930s
1220:
Czechoslovakia Between Stalin and Hitler: the Diplomacy of Edvard Benes in the 1930s
1192:
Czechoslovakia Between Stalin and Hitler: the Diplomacy of Edvard Benes in the 1930s
943:, Buckinghamshire. He died in February 1957, age 75, and the barony became extinct.
447:
405:
between 1909 and 1911. From 1911, he was attached to the Foreign Office. During the
56:
2161:
2153:
2142:
1977:
1658:
1517:
1480:
Alternative to Appeasement: Sir Robert Vansittart and Alliance Diplomacy, 1934–1937
557:
536:
531:
508:
437:
320:
281:
245:
902:(1938) and, under the pseudonym "Robert Denham", provided song lyrics for Korda's
503:
policy of appeasing Britain in order to engage in military expansion in the East.
2265:
2105:
1934:
1522:
990:
On either side a greyhound Argent gorged with a collar flory counter-flory Azure.
876:
722:
584:
512:
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433:
406:
351:
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2136:
2117:
2091:
2080:
1821:
1584:
684:
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with a lavish lifestyle funded by his wealthy wife, as he had a large house in
336:
297:
94:
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2482:
2426:
2292:
2273:
2229:
2211:
2197:
2186:
2167:
2111:
2074:
1859:
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1574:
958:
499:
in viewing Britain as "the ultimate enemy" or on the other hand adopting the
468:
293:
2533:
2403:
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2240:
2128:
2099:
2068:
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520:
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347:
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2378:
2310:
2006:
1406:
Norman Rose, 'Vansittart, Robert Gilbert, Baron Vansittart (1881–1957)’,
655:
359:
261:
965:
480:
menace" as a cover for "expansion in Central and South-Eastern Europe".
2465:
2446:
2360:
2352:
2341:
2327:
670:
couple of generations of re-education controlled by the United Nations.
516:
2513:
2056:
1909:
1703:
524:
477:
1472:
The Impact of Hitler. British Policy and British Politics 1933–1940
1084:
The Impact of Hitler. British Policy and British Politics 1933–1940
241:
1523:
Newspaper clippings about Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart
448:
Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1930–1938
370:
273:
153:
444:, where he supervised the work of Britain's diplomatic service.
619:
398:
280:, the eldest of the three sons of Robert Arnold Vansittart, of
277:
1410:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, January 2011.
939:, on 29 July 1931. They lived in London and at Denham Place,
932:
402:
2606:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
1454:
Appeasing Hitler: Chamberlain, Churchill and the Road to War
491:
terms. He thought Hitler could not decide whether to follow
1255:
Watt, Donald Cameron "Rumors as Evidence" pp. 276–286 from
914:(1942), in collaboration with the noted Hungarian composer
285:
1202:
1200:
1514:
Works by or about Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart
1262:
2586:
Permanent Under-Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs
952:
Coat of arms of Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart
511:
from Hitler and thought that the British Empire was an "
1197:
331:
were in the other branches. A female-line ancestor was
1474:(Chambridge University Press, 1975), pp. 156–159.
1246:, p. 89, by Igor Lukes, Oxford University Press, 1996.
1154:
1142:
373:
and a magnificent country house in Denham. As a young
346:, he was educated at St Neot's Preparatory School and
72:
Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1064:
2616:
Principal Private Secretaries to the Prime Minister
1402:
1400:
2596:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
1166:
701:Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
1705:Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
1117:
1115:
1113:
1103:
1101:
114:Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
2581:Private secretaries in the British Civil Service
2552:
1397:
1336:(London: Oxford University Press, 1944), p. 147.
1208:The Foreign Policy of Hitler's Germany 1933–1939
595:, the anti-appeasement diplomatic editor of the
1026:The Dictionary of National Biography 1951–1960.
442:Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office
367:appeared to have steppped out of an earlier age
258:Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office
207:Robert Gilbert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart
1110:
1098:
1689:
2601:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
1346:leighrayment.com Privy Counsellors 1915–1968
583:In the late 1930s, Vansittart together with
240:between 1929 and 1941, was a senior British
236:(25 June 1881 – 14 February 1957), known as
1086:(Cambridge University Press, 1975), p. 156.
315:, and the colonel of the same name, MP for
267:
1696:
1682:
875:Vansittart was a close friend of producer
55:
1040:"The Vansittarts: Lord and GN Vansittart"
1037:
750:The Cap and Bells: a comedy in three acts
473:Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance
335:. Vansittart was also a second cousin of
1492:. New York & London: Pegasus Books.
1487:
1451:
1356:
1268:
1070:
879:. He helped Korda with the financing of
1536:The Papers of Lord Vansittart of Denham
1408:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
623:for him in which he served until 1941.
2553:
1210:, New York: Enigma Books, 2010 p. 582
927:daughter of the explorer and sculptor
838:Black Record: Germans Past and Present
642:Black Record: Germans Past and Present
577:cleared up in due course by Germany."
339:(better known as Lawrence of Arabia).
1677:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
711:in 1940 and raised to the peerage as
540:all of Eastern Europe would give the
272:Vansittart was born at Wilton House,
2611:Members of the Royal Victorian Order
1490:Fighting Churchill, Appeasing Hitler
1284:(New York: Free Press, 1993), p. 80.
380:
244:in the period before and during the
1477:
1179:
1160:
1148:
697:Member of the Royal Victorian Order
440:. In January 1930 he was appointed
13:
2626:British dramatists and playwrights
1024:Williams, E. T., Palmer, Helen M.
1011:
964:
957:
729:
705:Companion of the Order of the Bath
552:". Henlein was the leader of the
459:Vansittart supported revising the
14:
2672:
1507:
1334:Public Opinion and the Last Peace
762:Dead Heat: a comedy in three acts
2576:Members of HM Diplomatic Service
1376:
921:
896:(1932), contributed dialogue to
851:
812:The Singing Caravan, a Sufi Tale
626:
2591:People educated at Eton College
1413:
1370:
1350:
1339:
1326:
1313:
1300:
1287:
1274:
1257:Russia War, Peace and Diplomacy
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1185:
1133:
824:Green and Grey: Collected Poems
572:, Oliver Vaughan Gurney Hoare (
186:Gladys Heppenheimer (died 1928)
2661:20th-century British diplomats
2631:20th-century British novelists
1478:Roi, Michael Lawrence (1997).
1379:"Robert Vansittart: Biography"
1124:
1089:
1076:
1058:"T.E. Lawrence Family History"
1050:
1031:
1028:Oxford University Press, 1971.
870:
1:
2571:Members of HM Foreign Service
1646:Peerage of the United Kingdom
1431:
1366:. 11 July 1941. p. 3991.
452:Vansittart was suspicious of
2003:Sir Patrick Duff (1930–1933)
1626:Principal Private Secretary
1563:Principal Private Secretary
1381:. MSN Movies. Archived from
890:He wrote the screenplay for
302:Special Operations Executive
16:British diplomat (1881–1957)
7:
2651:Barons created by George VI
1527:20th Century Press Archives
1456:. London: The Bodley Head.
1044:www.gmhistory.chevytalk.org
775:The Gates: A Study in Prose
695:Vansittart was appointed a
430:Principal Private Secretary
250:Principal Private Secretary
10:
2677:
2636:20th-century British poets
2541:Elizabeth Perelman (2022–)
1604:Hon. Sir Alexander Cadogan
1592:Permanent Under-Secretary
830:
806:Foolery: a comedy in verse
690:
662:: both must be destroyed.
428:From 1928 to 1930, he was
401:between 1907 and 1909 and
178:, Buckinghamshire, England
2528:
2512:
2481:
2456:
2425:
2394:
2351:
2326:
2283:
2264:
2239:
2196:
2177:
2152:
2127:
2090:
2047:
2022:
1976:
1933:
1908:
1883:
1858:
1839:
1820:
1801:
1776:
1745:
1736:Charles William Fremantle
1720:
1711:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1634:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1600:
1589:
1581:
1571:
1560:
1552:
1547:
1540:Churchill Archives Centre
1488:Phillips, Adrian (2019).
1297:, front dust jacket copy.
793:
768:
200:
192:
182:
160:
139:
134:
130:
119:
112:
100:
88:
77:
70:
66:
54:
23:
1841:Henry Campbell-Bannerman
1830:John Satterfield Sandars
1792:Schomberg Kerr McDonnell
1619:Sir Ronald D. Waterhouse
1565:to the Foreign Secretary
1004:
737:
658:" officer corps and the
487:, Vansittart thought in
268:Background and education
1714:Prime Minister's Office
1585:Hon. Sir Ronald Lindsay
1556:Eric, The Earl of Perth
1444:Sir Robert Vansittart,
1437:Sir Robert Vansittart,
946:
885:territorial designation
432:to the Prime Minister,
385:Vansittart entered the
2641:British male novelists
1794:(1888–1892; 1895–1902)
1786:The Marquess of Granby
1767:Edward Walter Hamilton
1757:(1868–1872; 1892–1894)
1482:. Westport: Greenwood.
1452:Bouverie, Tim (2019).
969:
962:
683:The British historian
681:
672:
501:Joachim von Ribbentrop
415:Paris Peace Conference
413:. He took part in the
256:from 1928 to 1930 and
1992:Sir Ronald Waterhouse
1949:Sir Ronald Waterhouse
1924:Sir Ronald Waterhouse
1874:Maurice Bonham-Carter
1778:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
1628:to the Prime Minister
1282:Denying the Holocaust
1130:Cowling, pp. 158–159.
968:
961:
676:
667:
304:during World War II.
238:Sir Robert Vansittart
188:Sarita Enriqueta Ward
107:Sir Alexander Cadogan
2521:Nick Catsaras (2022)
1323:, London (17.9.1989)
937:Sir Colville Barclay
899:Sixty Glorious Years
723:County of Buckingham
660:German General Staff
593:Victor Gordon-Lennox
589:The Whitehall Letter
554:Sudeten German Party
309:Member of Parliament
26:The Right Honourable
2024:Neville Chamberlain
1755:(Sir) Algernon West
1611:Government offices
1594:for Foreign Affairs
1446:The Mist Procession
1293:Robert Vansittart,
1163:, pp. 128–130.
996:Fata Viam Invenient
953:
905:The Thief of Bagdad
864:The Mist Procession
845:Bones of Contention
800:Songs & Satires
651:Franco-Prussian War
393:affairs. He was an
288:, a Captain in the
30:The Lord Vansittart
2646:British male poets
2416:Sir Jeremy Heywood
2249:Alexander Isserlis
2218:Alexander Isserlis
1893:Sir John T. Davies
1885:David Lloyd George
1803:Archibald Primrose
1439:Lessons of My Life
1363:The London Gazette
1308:Lessons of My Life
1295:Lessons of My Life
1280:Lipstadt, Deborah
1206:Weinberg, Gerhard
1151:, p. 128-130.
970:
963:
951:
858:Lessons of My Life
665:In 1943 he wrote:
633:Harry Elmer Barnes
574:Sir Samuel Hoare's
497:Alfred von Tirpitz
485:Sir Maurice Hankey
290:7th Dragoon Guards
95:Sir Ronald Lindsay
61:Vansittart in 1929
2656:Vansittart family
2548:
2547:
2285:Margaret Thatcher
2179:Alec Douglas-Home
2049:Winston Churchill
1998:Robert Vansittart
1986:Sir Patrick Gower
1955:Robert Vansittart
1943:Sir Patrick Gower
1918:Sir Patrick Gower
1747:William Gladstone
1732:(1868; 1874–1880)
1722:Benjamin Disraeli
1672:
1671:
1635:Succeeded by
1601:Succeeded by
1575:Sir Walford Selby
1572:Succeeded by
1548:Diplomatic posts
1499:978-1-64313-221-1
1470:Maurice Cowling,
1271:, pp. 59–61.
1082:Maurice Cowling,
1002:
1001:
893:Wedding Rehearsal
703:(CMG) in 1920, a
699:(MVO) in 1906, a
570:Lord Mount Temple
461:Versailles Treaty
419:Foreign Secretary
381:Diplomatic career
342:Widely nicknamed
325:Robert Vansittart
204:
203:
156:, Surrey, England
2668:
2255:Robert Armstrong
2224:Robert Armstrong
2162:Frederick Bishop
2154:Harold Macmillan
2143:Frederick Bishop
1978:Ramsay MacDonald
1899:Sir Edward Grigg
1698:
1691:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1659:Baron Vansittart
1616:Preceded by
1582:Preceded by
1553:Preceded by
1545:
1544:
1518:Internet Archive
1503:
1483:
1467:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1354:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1332:R. B. McCallum,
1330:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1304:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1139:Cowling, p. 159.
1137:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1121:Cowling, p. 158.
1119:
1108:
1107:Cowling, p. 157.
1105:
1096:
1095:Cowling, p. 156.
1093:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1035:
1029:
1022:
954:
950:
726:on 3 July 1941.
713:Baron Vansittart
558:Munich Agreement
532:Abyssinia Crisis
509:Benito Mussolini
438:Ramsay MacDonald
321:Henry Vansittart
282:Foots Cray Place
246:Second World War
235:
230:
223:
216:
171:
169:
164:14 February 1957
150:
148:
135:Personal details
124:
103:
91:
82:
59:
49:
21:
20:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2532:
2524:
2508:
2497:Martin Reynolds
2477:
2452:
2421:
2390:
2367:Sir John Holmes
2347:
2336:Andrew Turnbull
2322:
2317:Andrew Turnbull
2279:
2266:James Callaghan
2260:
2235:
2192:
2173:
2148:
2123:
2106:Laurence Helsby
2086:
2043:
2032:Osmund Cleverly
2018:
1972:
1967:Osmund Cleverly
1935:Stanley Baldwin
1929:
1904:
1879:
1854:
1849:Arthur Ponsonby
1835:
1816:
1797:
1772:
1741:
1716:
1707:
1702:
1662:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1510:
1500:
1464:
1463:978-1847-924407
1448:(London, 1958).
1441:(London, 1943).
1434:
1429:
1428:
1421:Burke's Peerage
1419:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1375:
1371:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1327:
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1186:
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1129:
1125:
1120:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1038:David Hayward.
1036:
1032:
1023:
1012:
1007:
949:
935:, and widow of
924:
883:. His barony's
877:Alexander Korda
873:
854:
833:
796:
771:
740:
732:
730:Literary career
693:
629:
597:Daily Telegraph
585:Reginald Leeper
493:Joseph Goebbels
450:
434:Stanley Baldwin
407:First World War
383:
270:
228:
221:
214:
210:
187:
173:
167:
165:
151:
146:
144:
125:
120:
101:
89:
83:
78:
62:
50:
33:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2674:
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2500:
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2454:
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2419:
2413:
2407:
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2373:Jeremy Heywood
2370:
2364:
2357:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2299:Clive Whitmore
2296:
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2287:
2281:
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2277:
2270:
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2259:
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2252:
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2237:
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2234:
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2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2206:Derek Mitchell
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2140:
2137:David Pitblado
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2118:David Pitblado
2115:
2109:
2103:
2096:
2094:
2092:Clement Attlee
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2081:David Pitblado
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2013:Harold Vincent
2010:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1961:Harold Vincent
1958:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
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1864:
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1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1824:
1822:Arthur Balfour
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1780:
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1764:
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1740:
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1733:
1726:
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1718:
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1712:
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1693:
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1655:
1649:
1648:
1642:
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1636:
1633:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1533:
1520:
1509:
1508:External links
1506:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1485:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1449:
1442:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1412:
1396:
1385:on 22 May 2011
1369:
1349:
1338:
1325:
1312:
1299:
1286:
1273:
1261:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1196:
1184:
1182:, p. 130.
1165:
1153:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1109:
1097:
1088:
1075:
1063:
1049:
1030:
1009:
1008:
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872:
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829:
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795:
792:
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767:
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765:
759:
753:
747:
739:
736:
731:
728:
692:
689:
685:R. B. McCallum
628:
625:
489:power politics
449:
446:
391:Aegean Islands
387:Foreign Office
382:
379:
337:T. E. Lawrence
298:General Motors
269:
266:
254:Prime Minister
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:Denham Place,
172:(aged 75)
162:
158:
157:
152:Wilton House,
141:
137:
136:
132:
131:
128:
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117:
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9:
6:
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2:
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2517:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2483:Boris Johnson
2480:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2448:
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2442:
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2427:David Cameron
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2329:
2325:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2293:Kenneth Stowe
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2274:Kenneth Stowe
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2230:Kenneth Stowe
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2212:Michael Halls
2210:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2198:Harold Wilson
2195:
2188:
2187:Timothy Bligh
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2168:Timothy Bligh
2166:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2112:Denis Rickett
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2075:Jock Colville
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2038:Arthur Rucker
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1860:H. H. Asquith
1857:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1811:George Murray
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:Arthur Godley
1759:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1730:Montagu Corry
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1694:
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1551:
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1512:
1511:
1501:
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1443:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1384:
1380:
1377:Eder, Bruce.
1373:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1342:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1321:Correspondent
1316:
1309:
1303:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1270:
1269:Phillips 2019
1265:
1258:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1233:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1073:, p. 60.
1072:
1071:Phillips 2019
1067:
1059:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1010:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
973:
972:
967:
960:
956:
955:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
922:Personal life
919:
917:
913:
912:
907:
906:
901:
900:
895:
894:
888:
886:
882:
878:
865:
862:
859:
856:
855:
852:Autobiography
846:
843:
840:
839:
835:
834:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
797:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
772:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
741:
735:
727:
725:
724:
720:
714:
710:
709:Privy Council
706:
702:
698:
688:
686:
680:
675:
671:
666:
663:
661:
657:
652:
648:
647:Vansittartism
644:
643:
636:
634:
627:Germanophobia
624:
622:
621:
615:
613:
612:Horace Wilson
609:
608:Warren Fisher
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
578:
575:
571:
567:
561:
559:
555:
551:
546:
543:
538:
537:Owen O'Malley
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
479:
474:
470:
465:
462:
457:
455:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
378:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
356:Germanophobia
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
333:Lord Auckland
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
294:Foliejon Park
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
227:
220:
213:
208:
199:
195:
191:
185:
181:
177:
163:
159:
155:
142:
138:
133:
129:
123:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
99:
96:
93:
87:
81:
76:
73:
69:
65:
58:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
27:
22:
19:
2534:Keir Starmer
2503:Peter Wilson
2441:Chris Martin
2435:James Bowler
2404:Olly Robbins
2396:Gordon Brown
2385:Olly Robbins
2305:Robin Butler
2241:Edward Heath
2129:Anthony Eden
2100:Leslie Rowan
2069:Leslie Rowan
1997:
1954:
1868:Vaughan Nash
1666:
1657:
1653:New creation
1652:
1637:
1624:
1590:
1561:
1489:
1479:
1471:
1453:
1445:
1438:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1387:. Retrieved
1383:the original
1372:
1361:
1352:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1307:
1306:Vansittart,
1302:
1294:
1289:
1281:
1276:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1191:
1187:
1156:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1091:
1083:
1078:
1066:
1052:
1043:
1033:
1025:
929:Herbert Ward
925:
916:Miklós Rózsa
909:
903:
897:
891:
889:
881:London Films
874:
863:
857:
844:
836:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
786:
780:
774:
761:
755:
749:
743:
733:
716:
712:
694:
682:
677:
673:
668:
664:
640:
637:
630:
618:
616:
603:
601:
596:
591:, edited by
588:
582:
579:
566:Lord Lothian
562:
547:
541:
529:
521:Adriatic Sea
505:
482:
466:
458:
454:Adolf Hitler
451:
427:
394:
384:
374:
366:
364:
360:Francophilia
348:Eton College
343:
341:
306:
271:
237:
206:
205:
143:25 June 1881
121:
102:Succeeded by
79:
18:
2566:1957 deaths
2561:1881 births
2530:Rishi Sunak
2499:(2019–2022)
2474:(2017–2019)
2468:(2016–2017)
2458:Theresa May
2449:(2015–2016)
2443:(2011–2015)
2437:(2010–2011)
2418:(2008–2010)
2412:(2007–2008)
2410:Tom Scholar
2387:(2006–2007)
2381:(2003–2006)
2379:Ivan Rogers
2375:(1999–2003)
2369:(1997–1999)
2344:(1992–1997)
2338:(1990–1992)
2319:(1988–1990)
2313:(1985–1988)
2311:Nigel Wicks
2307:(1982–1985)
2301:(1979–1982)
2276:(1976–1979)
2257:(1970–1974)
2232:(1975–1976)
2226:(1974–1975)
2214:(1966–1970)
2208:(1964–1966)
2189:(1963–1964)
2170:(1959–1963)
2164:(1957–1959)
2145:(1956–1957)
2139:(1955–1956)
2114:(1950–1951)
2108:(1947–1950)
2102:(1945–1947)
2083:(1951–1955)
2077:(1951–1955)
2065:(1941–1945)
2063:John Martin
2059:(1940–1941)
2040:(1939–1940)
2034:(1937–1939)
2015:(1934–1935)
2009:(1933–1934)
2007:Alan Barlow
2000:(1929–1930)
1969:(1935–1937)
1963:(1935–1936)
1957:(1928–1929)
1951:(1923–1928)
1945:(1923–1928)
1926:(1922–1923)
1920:(1922–1923)
1901:(1921–1922)
1895:(1916–1922)
1876:(1911–1916)
1870:(1908–1911)
1851:(1905–1908)
1832:(1902–1905)
1813:(1894–1895)
1788:(1885–1888)
1769:(1882–1885)
1763:(1880–1882)
1358:"No. 35217"
911:Jungle Book
908:(1940) and
871:Film career
781:John Stuart
744:Les Pariahs
656:Prussianist
604:meaningless
423:Lord Curzon
411:Lord Newton
329:Lord Bexley
262:appeasement
90:Preceded by
2555:Categories
2491:Peter Hill
2472:Peter Hill
2466:Simon Case
2447:Simon Case
2361:Alex Allan
2353:Tony Blair
2342:Alex Allan
2328:John Major
1663:1941–1957
1632:1928–1930
1598:1930–1938
1569:1920–1924
1432:References
987:Supporters
981:Escutcheon
787:Pity's Kin
517:Baltic Sea
478:Bolshevist
168:1957-02-15
147:1881-06-25
2514:Liz Truss
2057:Eric Seal
1910:Bonar Law
1310:, p. 146.
525:Black Sea
436:and then
317:Berkshire
311:(MP) for
248:. He was
183:Spouse(s)
126:1928–1930
122:In office
84:1930–1938
80:In office
1667:Extinct
1538:held at
1389:5 August
1180:Roi 1997
1161:Roi 1997
1149:Roi 1997
523:and the
352:Oppidans
242:diplomat
193:Children
1638:Unknown
1529:of the
1525:in the
1516:at the
1423:. 1956.
1319:Sunday
831:History
818:Tribute
721:in the
691:Honours
679:Europe.
550:Henlein
513:Incubus
469:Barthou
395:attaché
375:attaché
371:Mayfair
313:Windsor
274:Farnham
252:to the
166: (
154:Farnham
145: (
2505:(2022)
2493:(2019)
2406:(2007)
2363:(1997)
2295:(1979)
2251:(1970)
2220:(1970)
2120:(1951)
2071:(1945)
1994:(1924)
1988:(1924)
1738:(1868)
1496:
1460:
941:Denham
860:(1943)
847:(1945)
841:(1941)
826:(1944)
820:(1926)
814:(1919)
808:(1912)
802:(1909)
794:Poetry
789:(1924)
783:(1912)
777:(1910)
769:Novels
764:(1939)
758:(1914)
752:(1913)
746:(1902)
719:Denham
620:ad hoc
519:, the
399:Tehran
278:Surrey
176:Denham
1005:Notes
993:Motto
975:Crest
933:Paris
931:, of
738:Plays
542:Reich
483:Like
403:Cairo
231:
229:,
224:
222:,
217:
215:,
45:
41:
37:
1494:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1391:2008
947:Arms
756:Dusk
495:and
358:and
327:and
286:Kent
219:GCMG
161:Died
140:Born
39:GCMG
1531:ZBW
717:of
365:He
344:Van
226:MVO
212:GCB
43:MVO
35:GCB
2557::
1399:^
1360:.
1199:^
1168:^
1112:^
1100:^
1042:.
1013:^
715:,
614:.
599:.
568:,
527:.
425:.
421:,
362:.
323:,
319:.
284:,
276:,
233:PC
209:,
47:PC
1697:e
1690:t
1683:v
1502:.
1484:.
1466:.
1393:.
1060:.
1046:.
654:"
476:"
196:1
170:)
149:)
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