748:, as well as a hand-written Latin-Chinese dictionary. Yong Sam-tak eventually joined him in family worship. In this way Morrison made considerable progress in speaking and writing one of the most difficult of languages for an English-speaking person to learn. The hope of the Directors was that, first of all, Morrison would master the ordinary speech of the people, and so be able to compile a dictionary, and perhaps make a translation of the Scriptures for the benefit of all future missionaries. To accomplish this, it was first of all necessary to get a footing on Chinese soil, and not hopelessly offend the Chinese authorities. At this time, dealings of foreigners with the people, except for purposes of trade, was absolutely forbidden. Every foreigner was strictly interrogated on landing as to what his business might be; the price for giving the wrong answers might be unceremonious return on the next vessel. Morrison was aware of the dangers. He traveled to visit his family and bid them farewell in July 1806, preaching 13 times in London,
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edict, to print and publish
Christian books in Chinese was declared a capital crime. The author of any such work was warned that he would subject himself to the penalty of death. All his assistants would render themselves liable to various severe forms of punishment. The mandarins and all magistrates were enjoined to act with energy in bringing to judgment any who might be guilty of contravening this edict. Morrison forwarded a translation of this famous proclamation to England, at the same time announcing to the Directors that he purposed to go quietly and resolutely forward. For himself, indeed, he does not seem to have been afraid. Undoubtedly his position under the East India Company was a great protection to him; and a grammar and dictionary were not distinctively Christian publications. But the Directors were even then sending out to join him the Rev. William Milne and his wife, and Morrison knew that this edict would make any attempt of another missionary to settle at Guangzhou exceedingly hazardous and difficult.
816:. The chief of the American factory at Canton offered the missionary for the present a room in his house; and there he was most thankful to establish himself, and think over the situation. Shortly afterwards he made an arrangement for three months, with another American gentleman, to live at his factory. He effectively passed himself off as an American. The Chinese, he found, did not dislike and suspect Americans as much as they did the English. Still Morrison's presence did excite suspicions, and he could not leave his Chinese books about, lest it should be supposed that his object was to master the language. Certain Roman Catholic natives such as Abel Yun were found willing to impart to him as much of the Mandarin Chinese as they could but he soon found that the knowledge of this did not enable him to understand, or make himself understood by, the common people; and he had not come to China simply to translate the Scriptures into the speech of a comparatively small aristocratic class.
1437:, the object of which was to keep the various stations in touch with one another, and disseminate information as to progress in the different parts. The various printing presses poured forth pamphlets, tracts, catechisms, translations of Gospels, in Malay or in Chinese. Schools were founded for the teaching of the children: for the great obstacle to the free use of the printing press was that so few of the people comparatively could read. The missionaries had to be many-sided, now preaching to the Malays, now to the Chinese, now to the English population; now setting up types, now teaching in the schools; now evangelizing new districts and neighbouring islands, now gathering together their little congregations at their own settlement. The reports do not greatly vary from year to year. The work was hard, and seemingly unproductive. The people listened, but often did not respond. The converts were few.
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1024:, one of Milne's converts, to carry on what work he could among the people. This man had already endured much for his faith, and he proved entirely consistent and earnest during the long period of Morrison's absence. Other native Christians were baptized; and the little Church grew, while at the same time it was well known that many believed in secret, who did not dare to challenge persecution and ostracism by public confession. American missionaries were sent to help Morrison, and more Christian publications were issued. Morrison welcomed the arrival of the Americans, because they could conduct the service for English residents, and set him free to preach and talk to the Chinese who could be gathered together to listen to the Gospel. In 1832 Morrison could write:
1325:, along with a printing press. The Bible Society voted two grants of £500 each towards the cost of printing the New Testament. One of the Directors of the East India Company also bequeathed to Morrison $ 1000 for the propagation of the Christian religion. This he devoted to the cost of printing a pocket edition of the New Testament. The former edition had been inconveniently large; and especially in the case of a book that was likely to be seized and destroyed by hostile authorities, this was a serious matter. A pocket Testament could be carried about without difficulty. The small edition was printed, and many Chinese departed from Guangzhou into the interior with one or more copies of this invaluable little book secreted in his dress or among his belongings.
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857:. Milne noted that "e walked about the Hong with a Chinese frock on, and with thick Chinese shoes". In time he came to think this was a mistaken policy. So far as the food was concerned, he could not live on it in health; and as for the dress, it only served to render him the more unusual, and to attract attention where he was anxious to avoid publicity. A foreigner dressed up in Chinese clothes excited suspicions, as one who was endeavoring by stealth to insinuate himself into Chinese society, so as to introduce his contraband religion surreptitiously. Under these circumstances Morrison resumed the European manners of the Americans and English.
508:(China's first medical missionary). He served for 27 years in China with one furlough home to England. The only missionary efforts in China were restricted to Guangzhou (Canton) and Macau at this time. They concentrated on literature distribution among members of the merchant class, gained a few converts, and laid the foundations for more educational and medical work that would significantly impact the culture and history of the most populous nation on earth. However, when Morrison was asked shortly after his arrival in China if he expected to have any spiritual impact on the Chinese, he answered, "No sir, but I expect God will!"
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enrolled. Milne was the president; and while no student was compelled to declare himself a
Christian, or to attend Christian worship, it was hoped that the strong Christian influence would lead many of the purely literary students to become teachers of Christianity. Intense as were his Christian convictions, he could sanction nothing that would do deliberate violence to the convictions of another; and he had a faith that Christian truth would eventually prevail on its own merits, and need never fear to be set side by side with the truths that other religious systems contain. Eight or nine years after its foundation, Mr.
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leave in eight days. Not only had the
Chinese vehemently opposed his settlement, but the Roman Catholics were behind them in urging that he be sent away. From the English residents at Macau, Morrison received no assistance either for they feared lest, if any complications arose through Morrison, their commercial interests might be prejudiced. For the present Mr. and Mrs. Milne went on to Guangzhou, where the Morrisons followed them and soon both families were established in that city, waiting the next move of the authorities. Morrison spent this time assisting Milne to learn to speak Chinese.
1874:"In a country so extensive as China, and in which Tartars and Chinese are blended, it is in vain to expect a uniformity of pronunciation even amongst well educated people. The Tartars are the rulers, and hence their pronunciation is imitated by many. The Chinese are the literary part of the community, and the systems of pronunciation found in books is often theirs. Some uniform system must be adopted, otherwise endless confusion will ensue. The pronunciation in this work, is rather what the Chinese call the Nanking dialect, than the Peking. The Peking dialect differs from it: 1st. In changing
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well as its solitude, seem to have greatly and painfully affected Mary. She was affected by unhealthy anxiety. There was no society at
Guangzhou that was congenial to them. The English and American residents were kind, but had little sympathy with their work, or belief in it. The Chinese demurred about burial of their first child. Very sorrowfully Morrison had to superintend his interment on a mountainside. At that time his wife was dangerously ill. All his comrades at the company's office thought him a fool. His Chinese so-called assistants robbed him. Letters from England came but seldom.
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interest in the Savior, and that he would renew me in the spirit of my mind. Sin became a burden. It was then that I experienced a change of life, and, I trust, a change of heart, too. I broke off from my former careless company, and gave myself to reading, meditation and prayer. It pleased God to reveal his Son in me, and at that time I experienced much of the "kindness of youth and the love of espousals." And though the first flash of affection wore off, I trust my love to and knowledge of the Savior have increased.
991:, which has one House named after him, had been in process of formation there, on his departure for England, similar to the college at Malacca. Little progress had been made with it. A new governor manifested less interest, and Morrison had not been present to see that the work went on. After a stay here for purposes of organization, the missionary and his family went on to Macau, and subsequently Morrison proceeded to Guangzhou, where he found that his property had been also neglected in his absence.
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Acts into
Chinese, and was overcharged to the extent of thirty pounds for the printing of a thousand copies. Then Morrison translated the Gospel of Luke, and printed it. The Roman Catholic bishop at Macau, on obtaining a copy of this latter production, ordered it to be burned as a heretical book. So to the common people it must have appeared that one set of Christians existed to destroy what the other set produced. The facts did not look favorable for the prosperity of Christianity in China.
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980:, and was received by all classes with great demonstrations of respect. He busied himself in teaching Chinese to classes of English gentlemen and English ladies, and in stirring up interest and sympathy on behalf of China. Before returning to his missionary labours he was married again, in November 1824 to Eliza Armstrong, with whom he had five more children. The new Mrs. Morrison and the children of his first marriage returned with him to China in 1826.
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wretchedly paid, and who had taken possession of the forepart of the vessel, with the intention of turning the cannon there against the officers of the ship. It was a critical moment. At the height of the alarm, Morrison calmly walked forward among the mutineers, and, after some earnest words of persuasion, induced the majority of them to return to their places; the remainder were easily captured, flogged, and put in irons.
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Guangzhou, and reprisals were threatened on the
English residents there. Panic prevailed. The English families had to take refuge on ships, and make their way to Macau. Among them came Morrison, with his precious luggage of manuscripts and books. The political difficulty soon passed, and the squadron left; but the Chinese were even more intensely suspicious of the "foreigner" than before.
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printing press might be established, and
Chinese missionaries trained. Malacca had this advantage, that it lay between India and China, and commanded means of transport to almost any part of China and the adjoining archipelago. After much deliberation it was determined to advise the directors that Milne should proceed to establish himself at Malacca.
1308:. (His name was variously recorded by Morrison as Tsae A-fo, A-no, and A-ko.) Morrison acknowledged the imperfection of this man's knowledge and did not mention his own role in Cai's baptism until much later, but he claimed to rely on the words "If thou believest with all thy heart!" and administered the rite. From his diary the following was noted:
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translation for the company assisted him in gaining familiarity with the language, and increased his opportunities for intercourse with the
Chinese. He could now go about more freely and fearlessly. Already his mastery of the Chinese tongue was admitted by those shrewd businessmen, who perceived its value for their own commercial negotiations.
882:, and even in his private prayers pouring out his soul to God in broken Chinese, that he might master the native tongue. So much of a recluse had he become, through fear of being ordered away by the authorities, that his health greatly suffered, and he could only walk across his narrow room with difficulty. But he toiled on.
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late Dr
Morrison the carrying out of this plan : with copies of the correspondence between the Archbishop of Canterbury ... &c and the Rev W. W. Moseley ... To which is appended a new account of the origin of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and a copy of the memoir which originated the Chinese mission &c.
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respectful temper. The relations, too, between
British traders and the Chinese officials were daily becoming more strained. Morrison strongly disapproved of much of the correspondence which it fell to his lot to conduct with the Chinese mandarins. Morrison's time in China would preclude the outbreak of the
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There is now in Canton a state of society, in respect of Chinese, totally different from what I found in 1807. Chinese scholars, missionary students, English presses and Chinese Scriptures, with public worship of God, have all grown up since that period. I have served my generation, and must the Lord
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During these early months his trials and discouragements were great. He had to live in almost complete seclusion. He was afraid of being seen abroad. His Chinese servants cheated him. The man who undertook to teach him demanded extortionate sums. Another bought him a few Chinese books, and robbed him
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arrived in Macau on 4 September 1807 after 113 days at sea. The first move of the newcomer was to present his letters of introduction to some leading Englishmen and Americans, in Macau and Canton. He was kindly received, but he needed a bold heart to bear up, without discouragement, under their frank
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was not to carry missionaries, and that there were no other ships available that were bound for China, forced him to stop first in New York City. Morrison spent nearly a month in the United States . He was very anxious to secure the good offices of the American Consul at Canton (Guangzhou), as it was
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and the new mission agencies. Most gave discouraging replies, giving such reasons as the cost and "utter impossibility" of spreading the books inside China. But a copy reached Dr. Bogue, the head of the Hoxton Academy. He replied that if he had been younger he would have "devoted the rest of his days
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When Morrison was at work at his father's business he was employed at manual labour for twelve or fourteen hours a day; yet he seldom omitted to find time for one or two hours of reading and meditation. He read and re-read frequently those few books he was able to obtain. The diary, which he began to
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The origin of the first Protestant mission to China : and history of the events which induced the attempt, and succeeded in the accomplishment of a translation of the Holy Scriptures into the Chinese language, at the expense of the East India Company, and of the casualties which assigned to the
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Mary Morrison returned to China only to die in 1821; Mrs. Milne had died already. Morrison was 39. In 1822 William Milne died, after a brief but valuable missionary life, and Morrison was left to reflect that he alone of the first four Protestant missionaries to China was now left alive. He reviewed
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The proposal was warmly taken up. The London Missionary Society gave the ground. The Governor of Malacca and many residents subscribed. Morrison himself gave £1000 out of his small property to establish the college. The building was erected and opened. Printing presses were set up, and students were
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As if his manifold activities in China were not sufficient to occupy him, Morrison began to formulate an even broader scheme for the evangelization of China. This was, to build at Malacca what he called an "Anglo-Chinese College". Its object was to introduce the East to the West, and the West to the
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Morrison and Milne translated the Old Testament together; and although Morrison had the advantage of a far more intimate knowledge of the language, and was thus able to revise the work of his colleague, Milne also had made remarkable progress in his mastery of Chinese. The press was kept steadily at
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between Great Britain and China; during his time in Southern China, Morrison observed the growing tensions in the region. Noting the "officiousness and tyranny" of the Chinese mandarins as being hard to bear, Morrison also criticized the conduct of British traders, which threatened the activities of
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Together the Morrisons returned to China in 1826. Changes in the East India Company had brought him into contact with new officials, some of whom had not the slightest respect for the calling of the missionary, and were inclined to assume a high hand, until Morrison's threat to resign induced a more
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had landed. Morrison used all his influence with those in whose hands the decision lay as to whether Milne should be allowed to remain. Five days after the newcomers had arrived, a sergeant was sent from the Governor to Morrison's house, who summoned him. The decision was short and stern: Milne must
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The sea between Macau and Canton was full of pirates, and the Morrisons had to make many anxious voyages. Sometimes the cry of alarm would be raised even in Guangzhou, as the pirate raids came within a few miles of the city; and the authorities were largely helpless. The perils of their position, as
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was open before him while his hands were busy. He regularly attended church on Sundays, visited the sick with the "Friendless Poor and Sick Society", and in his spare time during the week instructed poor children. He shared his faith in Christ with another young apprentice and to a sailor, showing a
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he considered useless. Morrison sought out an intelligent and skilful Chinese practitioner, and placed him at the head of his dispensary. This man, who had learned the main principles of European treatment, received great help from Dr. Livingstone, a friend of Morrison's, who was much interested in
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were under English protection. English Governors were resident, and consequently it seemed a promising field for the establishment of a mission station. The station would be within reach of the Chinese coast, and Chinese missionaries might be trained there whose entrance into China would not excite
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on 5 August next to his first wife and child. He left a family of seven surviving children, two by his first wife (Mary Rebecca and John Robert), and five by his second, Eliza (Robert, Martin Crofton, Hannah, George Staunton, Charles Marjoribanks). His eldest daughter, Mary Rebecca (1812–1902), was
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The machinery of the Chinese criminal tribunal was set in motion when the Chinese authorities read some of his printed works. Morrison was first made aware of the coming storm by the publication of an edict, directed against him and all Europeans who sought to undermine Chinese religion. Under this
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for printing, and heard no more of for three anxious, weary years for Morrison. But it was highly approved and well printed, and it was a pivotal piece of work done towards enabling England and America to understand China. Morrison went on to print a tract and a catechism. He translated the book of
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to the propagation of the gospel in China". Dr. Bogue promised to look out for suitable missionary candidates for China. He chose Morrison who soon after turned his attention away from Africa and focused entirely on China. Robert wrote to a friend urging him to become his colleague in his new work,
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The Roman Catholic bishop rose against Morrison in 1833, leading to the suppression of his presses in Macau and removing his preferred method of spreading knowledge of Christ. His native agents, however, continued to circulate publications that had already been printed. During this period Morrison
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An incident of the voyage will illustrate the perils of those days, as well as Morrison's fortitude. After a terrible spell of storm, the passengers were alarmed to hear the clanking of swords and the explosion of firearms. They soon learned that a mutiny had broken out among the seamen, who were
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It was about five years ago that I was much awakened to a sense of sin … and I was brought to a serious concern about my soul. I felt the dread of eternal condemnation. The fear of death compassed me about and I was led nightly to cry to God that he would pardon my sin, that he would grant me an
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in the capacity of interpreter. The journey took him through many cities and country districts, and introduced him to some novel aspects of Chinese life and character. The object of the embassy was not attained, but to Morrison the experience was invaluable; and it served, not only to revive his
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It was well known that many thousands of Chinese were scattered through these parts, and Milne traveled around surveying the country, and distributing tracts and Testaments as opportunity offered. The object of the two missionaries was now to select some quiet spot where, under protection, the
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By the end of the year 1813, the whole of the New Testament translation was completed and printed. The translator never claimed that it was perfect. On the contrary, he readily conceded its defects. But he claimed for it that it was a translation of the New Testament into no stilted, scholastic
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had made him a Doctor of Divinity in 1817. Upon his return to England, Morrison was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. He brought a large library of Chinese books to England, which were donated to the London University College. Morrison began The Language Institution in Bartlett's Buildings in
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during this period. Morrison was miserably housed at Macau. It was with difficulty he induced anyone to take him in. He paid an exorbitant price for a miserable top-floor room, and had not been long in it before the roof fell in with a crash. Even then he would have stayed on, when some sort of
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A settlement having now been established, under British protection, and in the midst of those islands which are inhabited by a large Malay and Chinese population, reinforcements were sent out from England. After a period in Malacca they were sent on from there to various centers: Penang, Java,
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Morrison prepared his last sermon in June 1834 on the text, "In my Father's house are many mansions." He was entering his last illness, and his solitude was great, for his wife and family had been ordered to England. On 1 August the pioneer Protestant missionary to China died. He died at his
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This post afforded him, what most he needed, some real security that he would be allowed to continue at his work. He had now a definite commercial appointment, and it was one which in no way hindered the prosecution of the mission, which always stood first in his thoughts. The daily work of
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Morrison's position was menaced by political troubles. One move in the war with France, which England was waging at this time, was that an English squadron bore down on Macau, to prevent the French from striking a blow at English trade. This action was resented by the Chinese authorities at
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discouraged him from the idea of being a missionary in China. Firstly, the local Chinese-speaking people were forbidden by the government to teach the local languages to anybody, under penalty of death. Secondly, no foreigners could remain in China, except for purposes of trade. Thirdly,
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at Macau in 1820, where native diseases might be treated more humanely and effectively than was customary in China. Morrison was profoundly stirred by the misery, the poverty, and the unnecessary suffering of the Chinese poor. The people were constantly persuaded to expend their all on
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On 4 July 1813, at about three o'clock in the afternoon, it being the first Sunday in the month, Mr. and Mrs. Morrison were sitting down together to the "Lord's Supper" at Macau. Just as they were about to begin their simple service, a note was brought to them to say that Mr. and Mrs.
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Morrison strove to establish relations between himself and the people. He attempted to teach three Chinese boys who lived on the streets in an attempt to help both them and his own language skills. However, they treated him maliciously and he was forced to let them go.
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on it – and infuriated the superstitions of his Chinese mentor, who left for three days. From that time on, Morrison wrote his characters on a piece of tin that could be erased. They continued to work together and studied an early Chinese translation of Gospels named
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work. Tracts of various kinds were issued. Morrison wrote a little book called "A Tour round the World," the object of which was to acquaint his Chinese readers with the customs and ideas of European nations, and the benefits that had flowed from Christianity.
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from the Rev. W. Laidler, a Presbyterian minister in Newcastle, but his parents were opposed to his new vocation. During this period, Robert often spent free time in the garden in quiet meditation and prayer. At work, the Bible or some other book such as
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possession. The institution exists today in Hong Kong as a secondary school for boys. Milne received the support of the English Governor at Malacca. He represented the extreme eastern outpost of Protestant missions in Asia, and Morrison assumed the name
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By age 14 Robert left school and was apprenticed to his father's business. For a couple of years he kept company in disregard of his Christian upbringing and fell occasionally into drunkenness. However, this behavior soon ended. In Robert's own words
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handsomely in the transaction. Morrison was alarmed at his expenditure. He tried living in one room, until he had severe warnings that fever would be the outcome. His utter loneliness oppressed him. The prospect seemed cheerless in the extreme.
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Portuguese-sponsored Catholic missionaries in Macau would be bitterly hostile, and were likely to stir up the local people against a Protestant mission. On 7 September, he was expelled by the Roman Catholic authorities in Macau and went to the
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well known that he would need the influence of someone in authority, if he was to be permitted to stay in China. The promise of protection was made from the United States consul, and on 12 May, he boarded a second vessel, the
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district of Hong Kong and its adjoining road, Morrison Hill Road, are named for Morrison as was the Morrison School erected upon it by the Morrison Education Society and completed shortly before Morrison's death in 1843. The
651:. He had applied to the Society in a letter dated 27 May 1804, offering himself for missionary service. The next day he was interviewed by the board and accepted at once without a second interview. The next year, he went to
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In 1834 the monopoly of the East India Company on trade with China ended. Morrison's position with the company was abolished and his means of sustenance ceased. He was subsequently appointed Government translator under
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the history of the mission by writing a retrospect of these fifteen years. China was still as impervious as ever to European and Christian influence; but the amount of solid literary work accomplished was immense.
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At a spring of water, issuing from the foot of a lofty hill, by the sea-side, away from human observation, I baptised him in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit... May he be the first fruits of a great
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On the day of their marriage Robert Morrison was appointed translator to the East India Company with a salary of £500 a year. He returned to Guangzhou alone since foreign women were not allowed to reside there.
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In 1809, he met 17-year-old Mary Morton and married her on 20 February that year in Macau. They had three children: James Morrison (b. 5 March 1811, died on the same day), Mary Rebecca Morrison (1812–1902), and
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dialect, but into the genuine colloquial speech of the Chinese. The possession of a large number of printed copies led the two missionaries to devise a scheme for their wide and effective distribution.
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for the use of Westerners. The Bible translation took twelve years and the compilation of the dictionary, sixteen years. During this period, in 1815, he left the employment of the East India Company.
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Urh-chĭh-tsze-tëen-se-yĭn-pe-keáou; being a parallel drawn between the two intended Chinese dictionaries, by R. Morrison and A. Montucci. Together with Morrison's Horæ Sinicæ [&c.]
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issued a letter urging "the establishment of a society for translating the Holy Scriptures into the languages of the populous oriental nations." He came across a manuscript of most of the
1425:, M.P. for Perth, in a Government report on the condition of Malacca, singled out this institution for very high praise on account of its thoroughly sound, quiet, and efficient work.
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health, but to stimulate his missionary zeal. Through all that vast tract of country, and among that innumerable population, there was not one solitary Protestant missionary station.
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preacher, is most notable for his work in China. After twenty-five years of work he translated the whole Bible into the Chinese language and baptized ten Chinese believers, including
639:. However, he had promised his mother he would not go abroad so long as she lived and was present to care for her during her last illness, when he received her blessing to proceed.
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keep very early in his life, shows that he did much self-introspection; his earnestness was clearly intense, and his sense of his own shortcomings continued to be remarkably vivid.
699:. He immediately printed 100 copies of a further tract "on the importance of translating and publishing the Holy Scriptures into the Chinese language." Copies were sent to all the
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Morrison was ordained in London on 8 January 1807 at the Scotch church and was eager to go to China. On 31 January, he sailed first to America. The fact that the policy of the
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Yishi Yuyan. Esop's Fables Written in Chinese by the Learned Mun Mooy Seen-Shang, and Compiled in their Present Form (With a free and literal translation) by His Pupil Sloth
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covering had been patched up, but his landlord raised his rent by one-third, and he was forced to go out again into the streets. Still he struggled on, laboring at his
2822:. By Millicent and Margaret Thomas. London : Livingstone Press, 1936. 126 p. : ill. (some col.), frontis., maps on lining papers; 20 cm. { CWML R449 }
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The funeral discourse occasioned by the death of the Rev Robert Morrison ..., delivered before the London Missionary Society at the Poultry chapel, 19 February 1835
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East; in other words, to mediate between the two civilizations, and thus to prepare the way for the quiet and peaceful dissemination of Christian thought in China.
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according to Presbyterian ideals. At the age of 12 he recited the entire 119th Psalm (176 verses long) from memory in front of his pastor without a single mistake.
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1798:. Vol. 3 of Vocabulary of the Canton Dialect. Macao, China: Printed at the Honorable East India company's press, by G.J. Steyn, and brother. Archived from
1177:'s Morrison Hall, first established in 1913 as a "Christian hostel for Chinese students", was named for Morrison by its patrons, the London Missionary Society.
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Uganda Sze Pui KWAN, "From Print to Spin, The Print and Portraitures of Robert Morrison," in The Journal of the Chinese Studies, No. 69, 2019, pp. 63–121.
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and planned for the distribution of the Scriptures as broadly as possible, unlike the previous Roman Catholic translation work that had never been published.
1994:, are in the pronunciation of different persons confounded. 4th. The Tartars, and some people of the northern provinces, lengthen and soften the short tone;
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that God would station him in that part of the missionary field where the difficulties were greatest, and, to all human appearances, the most insurmountable.
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In this year Morrison baptized the first convert on 14 May 1814 (seven years after his arrival). The first Protestant Chinese Christian was probably named
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At first, Morrison tried to conform to local mores: he lived on local food, learned to use chopsticks, grew his nails out, and ultimately cultivated a
727:. After the decision of the Directors as to his destination, Morrison had most diligently and laboriously pursued the study of Chinese. He learned the
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I wish I could persuade you to accompany me. Take into account the 350 million souls in China who have not the means of knowing Jesus Christ as Savior…
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Memoirs of the Life and Labours of Robert Morrison, D.D.: With Critical Notices of His Chinese Works ... and an Appendix Containing Original Documents
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539:, England. He was the son of James Morrison, a Scottish farm labourer and Hannah Nicholson, an English woman, who were both active members of the
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Singapore, Amboyna, wherever they could find a footing and establish relations with the people. In this way many new stations sprang up in the
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In 1796, young Robert Morrison followed his uncle James Nicholson into apprenticeship and later joined the Presbyterian church in 1798.
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Mary Morrison was ordered to England, and she sailed with her two children, and for six years her husband was to toil on in solitude.
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Christian missionaries in China. He would note that the activities of foreign traders were prioritized over that of the missionaries.
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Caneparo, Simone (2023). "Robert Morrison - The Life and Works of the First Protestant Missionary in China" Orlando, FL: Riforma500.
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London : Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans. -University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives, China Through Western Eyes
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A view of China for philological purposes, containing a sketch of Chinese chronology, geography, government, religion & customs
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Negotiating Religious Gaps: The Enterprise of Translating Christian Tracts by Protestant Missionaries in Nineteenth-Century China
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Negotiating Religious Gaps: The Enterprise of Translating Christian Tracts by Protestant Missionaries in Nineteenth-Century China
2288:
1191:
Morrison House in Raffles Institution, which was founded by Sir Stamford Raffles, was also named in commemoration of Morrison.
870:
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the same suspicions that attached to the movements of English people. The two places specially thought of were the island of
2951:
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1458:
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2828:. By Lindsay Ride . Hong Kong (China) : Hong Kong University Press, 1957. vii, 48, , 13, p. : ill { CWML M97 }
2743:, by Samuel Kidd . London : Longman, Orme, Brown, and Longmans, 1839. 2 v : ill, port; 23 cm. { CWML Q122 }
3762:
3507:
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543:. They were married in 1768. Robert was the youngest son of eight children. At age three, Robert and his family moved to
1064:(Guangzhou) at the age of 52 in his son's arms. The following day, his remains were removed to Macau, and buried in the
3737:
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2731:. By Joseph Fletcher . London : Frederick Westley and A. H. Davis, 1835. 75 p. { CWML G429; CWML G443; CWML N294 }
1167:
2741:
Memoirs of the life and labours of Robert Morrison. Compiled by his widow , with critical notices of his Chinese works
3641:
3251:
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2131:
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rather than those actually spoken in his age. Owing to the tutors available to him, his transcriptions were based on
1339:. His own knowledge of China was very considerably enlarged by this. He was sent by the company on an embassy to the
1332:
2851:(簡又文). Xiang-gang 香港 : Jidujiao wenyi chubanshe 基督教文藝出版社, 2000. 178 p., p. of plates : ill.; 21 cm.
1317:
About the same time the East India Company undertook the cost of printing Morrison's Chinese Dictionary. They spent
3757:
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Morrison had amassed "the most comprehensive library of Chinese literature in Europe" which formed the core of his
1090:
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in Canton, which marked the start of a long friendship between the two men and resulted in Olyphant naming his son
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was still alive and many foreign mission agencies were being formed during this period of the Evangelical Revival.
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1671:
A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts: Chinese and English, arranged according to the radicals
1647:
A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts: Chinese and English, arranged according to the radicals
1624:
A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts: Chinese and English, arranged according to the radicals
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1725:; published and sold by Black, Parbury, and Allen, Booksellers to the Honorable East India Company, London
1590:; published and sold by Black, Parbury, and Allen, Booksellers to the Honorable East India Company, London
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735:. At first they did not get on well together. Morrison absent-mindedly burned a piece of paper with some
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2768:. By T. Dixon Rutherford. London: London Missionary Society, . 24 p. : ill., ports. { CWML U233 }
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Another accomplishment of Morrison's, in which he proved himself a pioneer, was his establishment of a
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By William Willis Moseley. London : Simpkin and Marshall, 1842. , 116 p. { CWML O86; CWML N310 }
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The years 1824 and 1825 were spent by Morrison in England, where he presented his Chinese Bible to
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announcement of the apparently hopeless obstacles in the way of the accomplishment of his mission.
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Chinese miscellany; consisting of original extracts from Chinese authors, in the native character
1718:
A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts: Chinese and English arranged alphabetically
1695:
A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts: Chinese and English arranged alphabetically
1174:
536:
68:
2376:
3627:
3329:
3241:
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3018:
2943:
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Vol. Two. P. P. Thoms, Printer, Warwick Square: London: Longman, Orme, Brown, and Longmans
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804:
2834:. By Murray A. Rubinstein . Lanham, MD : Scarecrow Press, 1996. xi, 399 p.; 23 cm.
3156:
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2762:. London : S.W. Partridge & Co., . 272 p. : ill, frontis. (port.) { CWML R427 }
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Yang, Huiling (2014), "The Making of the First Chinese-English Dictionary: Robert Morrison's
2336:
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1430:
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in Bartlett's Building, London. His widow put all 900 books up for sale in 1837 for £2,000.
969:
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481:
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3196:
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2772:
Robert Morrison and the centenary of Protestant missions in China : notes for speakers
891:
194:
2737:. By T.F. In The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register March 1835. { CWML O251; CWML N294 }
44:
8:
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3412:
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2786:. By Vera E. Walker. : London Missionary Society, . 15 p. : ill. { CWML Q244 }
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At Singapore, Morrison was confronted with fresh trials. The Singapore Institution, now
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2780:. By Rev George J. Williams . : London Missionary Society, . 8 p. { CWML Q202 }
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By the age of 17 Morrison had been moved reading about the new missionary movement in
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1854:, the world's first Anglo-Chinese school founded in 1818 by Morrison, now located in
1678:; published and sold by Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, Leadenhall Street. p. 910
1471:
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On Morrison's visit to England, he had been able to leave a Chinese native teacher,
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Morrison fell ill and returned to Macau on 1 June 1808. Fortunately he had mastered
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minister. He visited the poor and sick and preached in the villages around London.
587:
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293:
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1505:
This is a list of scholarly, missionary and other works by Robert Morrison :
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2796:. London, Livingstone Press, 1924. xvi, 238 p.; front. (port.), 1 ill. (plan); 19
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835:
2875:
Robert Morrison - The Life and Works of the First Protestant Missionary in China
2864:. By Christopher A. Daily. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2013. 276 p.
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was the first Chinese–English, English–Chinese dictionary, largely based on the
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1600:
1453:
Page from Morrison's Chinese-English Dictionary of 1815 (arranged by radicals)
965:
In 1822 Morrison visited Malacca and Singapore, returning to England in 1824.
550:
Robert's parents were devout Christians and raised their children to know the
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684:
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423:
2014:. Thus what, according to this system would be Pĭh-king, becomes Pei-ching."
1848:, the oldest school in Singapore, all-boys in Year 1-4 and co-ed in Year 5-6
527:
Morrison's birthplace in Bullers Green near Morpeth, Northumberland, England
3532:
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3191:
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3081:
2832:
The origins of the Anglo-American missionary enterprise in China, 1807–1840
2766:
Cleaving the rock: the story of Robert Morrison, Christian pioneer in China
1721:. Macao, China: Printed at the Honorable the East India Company's Press by
1698:. Macao, China: Printed at the Honorable the East India Company's Press by
1674:. Macao, China: Printed at the Honorable the East India Company's Press by
1650:. Macao, China: Printed at the Honorable the East India Company's Press by
1627:. Macao, China: Printed at the Honorable the East India Company's Press by
1610:. Macao, China: Printed at the Honorable the East India Company's Press by
1586:. Macao, China: Printed at the Honorable the East India Company's Press by
1389:
1385:
1225:
999:
458:
300:
222:
98:
25:
1360:
3201:
3186:
2848:
2251:"Missionary Research Library Archives: D.W.C. Olyphant Papers, 1827–1851"
1742:
A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts: English and Chinese
1273:
Morrison produced a Chinese translation of the Bible. He also compiled a
652:
559:
489:
435:
1745:. Macao, China: Printed at the Honorable East India company's press, by
1654:; published and sold by Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, Leadenhall Street
1392:
children in 1818. The school, named Anglo-Chinese College (later called
1368:
3216:
2964:
The library of Robert Morrison comprising around 1500 works is held by
660:
582:
Soon he wanted to become a missionary and in 1801, he started learning
112:
109:
2204:
A retrospect of the first ten years of the Protestant mission to China
1513:
Horae Sinicae: Translations from the Popular Literature of the Chinese
1475:
and a Chinese rhyming dictionary of the same era. This meant that his
731:
from a student that he shared lodgings with, called Yong Sam-tak from
1855:
1840:
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368:
94:
90:
2959:
1321:
10,000 on the work, bringing out for the purpose their own printer,
1245:
Li Shigong and Chen Laoyi translating the Bible as Morrison looks on
2377:"Information on Public Swimming Pools: Morrison Hill Swimming Pool"
1229:
1211:
1021:
819:
780:
667:
in Africa and China as possible fields of service. His prayer was:
664:
466:
447:
375:
2774:. London : London Missionary Society, 1907. p. { CWML Q222 }
1249:
2969:
1561:
Authors Antonio Montucci; Horae Sinicae; Robert Morrison (1817).
1336:
1305:
1294:
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1104:
cheerfully spent in extending the kingdom of the blessed Redeemer
895:
753:
675:
In 1798, just when the young Robert had been converted, the Rev.
656:
501:
462:
72:
2712:. "Evangelist at the Gate: Robert Morrison's Views on Mission."
2291:(in Chinese). Chinese Culture University, Taiwan. Archived from
1357:
this attempt to alleviate the sufferings of the poorer Chinese.
2968:. Digitised materials from the collection can be viewed online
1233:
1044:, a publication aimed at improving Sino-Western understanding.
918:
834:
translating the Bible as Morrison looks on, an engraving after
745:
703:
619:
547:
where his father found more prosperous work in the shoe trade.
2403:
973:
Holborn, London during his stay there, to teach missionaries.
3610:
2906:
2887:
1128:
Was for twenty five years Chinese translator in the employ of
774:
715:
He returned to London and studied medicine with Dr. Blair at
551:
3355:
List of Protestant missionary societies in China (1807–1953)
1112:
and for several years laboured alone on a Chinese version of
2517:
Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1837). "poetical illustration".
2249:
Scott, Gregory Adam; Kamsler, Brigette C. (February 2014).
1795:
Vocabulary of the Canton Dialect: Chinese words and phrases
1290:
1247:
was published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838 as
480:
Morrison cooperated with such contemporary missionaries as
3693:
Alumni of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital
2673:
Memoirs of the life and labours of Robert Morrison (Vol.1)
1785:
A Parting Memorial, consisting of Miscellaneous Discources
1134:
Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth
1126:
Was sent to China by the London Missionary Society in 1807
2487:
2351:
1318:
1116:
which he was spared to see complete and widely circulated
394:
380:
2599:. Macao: Office of the Chinese Repository. p. xxvi.
663:) for further training. For a while he was torn between
426:(5 January 1782 – 1 August 1834), was an Anglo-Scottish
2735:
Memoir of the Rev Robert Morrison, D.D., F.R.S., &c
1770:. London: S. McDowall for the London Missionary Society
611:
deep concern for the conversion of friends and family.
2755:
Robert Morrison : the pioneer of Chinese missions
2657:
Robert Morrison and the Birth of Chinese Protestantism
917:
The Chinese grammar was finished in 1812, and sent to
2596:
English & Chinese vocabulary in the court dialect
2592:
2157:"The Morrison Collection: Robert Morrison: Biography"
454:
considered the "Father of Anglo-Chinese Literature".
305:
3310:
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
2458:"Declaration of the Morrison Building as a Monument"
1608:
A Dictionary of the Chinese Language, in Three Parts
1545:. Serampore: Printed at the Mission-Press. pp.
2699:
Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese
1567:. Macao, China: T. Cadell and W Davies. p. 141
2147:
2145:
2143:
3649:Journal of the West China Border Research Society
2862:Robert Morrison and the Protestant Plan for China
2575:Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts
2123:Competitiveness of Chinese Firms: West Meets East
1384:Morrison and Milne also established a school for
3669:
3005:
2910:Memoirs of the Life and Labours Robert Morrison.
2702:. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press.
2685:Robert Morrison: the pioneer of Chinese missions
2061:"pioneering Scottish missionary Robert Morrison"
647:After his mother's death in 1804, he joined the
2877:. By Simone Caneparo Orlando, FL: Riforma500.
2816:. London : Livingstone Press, 1925. 128 p.
2140:
2070:. Columbia University Libraries. Archived from
1791:
1763:
1738:
1714:
1691:
1667:
1643:
1620:
1579:
1538:
1520:
1509:
938:In 1820, Morrison met the American businessman
642:
2826:Robert Morrison : the scholar and the man
2534:
2532:
2530:
2289:"Eastern Western Monthly Magazine (東西洋考每月統紀傳)"
1166:at the centre of the former hill is a present
2991:
2508:Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1837). "picture".
2184:
2182:
1605:
1501:List of works by Robert Morrison (missionary)
1106:during which period he compiled and published
1052:, but only held the position for a few days.
350:
336:
275:
261:
2847:. Written by Hai-en-bo 海恩波著 ; translated by
2248:
1110:founded the Anglo Chinese College at Malacca
1102:Where after a service of twenty-seven years,
1098:Sacred to the memory of Robert Morrison DD.,
2527:
894:(b. 17 April 1814). Mary Morrison died of
2998:
2984:
2179:
1188:, was named in commemoration of Morrison.
43:
2581:, vol. 41, No. 2/3, pp. 299–322
2119:
1400:around 1843 after the territory became a
1100:The first protestant missionary to China,
2888:Robert Morrison; Eliza Morrison (1839).
2678:
2382:Leisure and Cultural Services Department
2242:
1782:
1448:
1367:
1364:The college in Malacca, Malaysia in 1834
1359:
1122:He was born at Morpeth in Northumberland
1080:
998:
953:
818:
779:
759:
522:
147:
3635:Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal
2341:Observed on August 1848 visit by author
1254:Dr. Morrison and his Chinese Attendants
1093:. The inscription on his marker reads:
531:Morrison was born on 5 January 1782 in
3670:
3056:Protestant missions in China 1807–1953
2907:Eliza A. Mrs. Robert Morrison (1839).
2810:Robert Morrison : China's pioneer
2520:Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838
2516:
2511:Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1838
2507:
2328:
2220:
2218:
1787:. London: W Simpkin & R. Marshall.
1138:that they may rest from their labours,
994:
396:
3778:Presbyterian missionaries in Malaysia
3773:Translators of the Bible into Chinese
3723:Foreign relations of the Qing dynasty
2979:
2692:
2662:
2418:
2197:
1145:
1118:among those for whom it was destined,
1108:a dictionary of the Chinese language,
898:on 10 June 1821 and is buried in the
864:
475:translation of the Bible into Chinese
178:
3798:Anti-Christian sentiment in Malaysia
3477:Reformed Church in the United States
3315:American Methodist Episcopal Mission
2845:Chuan jiao wei ren Ma-li-xun 傳教偉人馬禮遜
2667:. London: London Missionary Society.
2572:
2095:
1824:The Morrison Collection Bibliography
1459:A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
1198:. It was the oldest building in the
949:
151:
49:Portrait of Morrison by John Wildman
16:Anglo-Scottish Protestant missionary
3728:People from Morpeth, Northumberland
3472:Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association
3350:Protestant Episcopal Church Mission
2641:(Institut Monumenta Sérica, 2012).
2613:(Institut Monumenta Sérica, 2012).
2431:YMCA of Hong Kong Christian College
2352:"1920s Excavation of Morrison Hill"
2215:
2006:, becomes nearly the open sound of
1182:YMCA of Hong Kong Christian College
13:
3733:Scottish Presbyterian missionaries
3708:Presbyterian missionaries in China
2721:
2335:. New York: J B McFerrin. p.
2281:
2226:"Old Protestant Cemetery in Macau"
1466:Dictionary of the Chinese Language
1433:. A magazine was issued, entitled
1284:At this time several parts of the
1268:
1256:. with a poetical illustration by
14:
3814:
3803:Anti-Christian sentiment in China
3642:The Christian Occupation of China
2927:
2790:Robert Morrison, a master-builder
2714:Journal of Ecclesiastical History
2549:"Ying Wa College 200 Anniversary"
2100:. Canton, China. p. Preface.
1815:Works by or about Robert Morrison
1542:A Grammar of the Chinese Language
1444:
1168:public swimming pool in Hong Kong
1132:and died in Canton 1 August 1834.
614:On 7 January 1803 he entered the
2466:Legislative Council of Hong Kong
2151:
1248:
1239:An engraving of the painting by
1140:and their works do follow them.
1091:Old Protestant Cemetery in Macau
1041:Eastern Western Monthly Magazine
900:Old Protestant Cemetery in Macau
744:which was probably written by a
3783:Christian missionaries in Macau
3493:Bible translations into Chinese
2944:A Chronology of Morrison's Life
2784:Four lessons on Robert Morrison
2627:
2603:
2586:
2566:
2541:
2501:
2480:
2450:
2396:
2369:
2344:
2322:
2318:. Canton, China. 1 August 1837.
2307:
2272:
2207:. Anglo-Chinese Press. p.
2191:
1868:
395:
381:
174:
143:
3748:Scottish educational theorists
3703:China–United Kingdom relations
3656:The West China Missionary News
2593:Samuel Wells Williams (1844).
2170:
2113:
2104:
2089:
2053:
2044:
2032:
1962:are used for each other; also
1606:Morrison, Robert (1815–1823).
1196:declared monument of Hong Kong
958:Robert Morrison c. 1825, from
351:
337:
306:
276:
262:
164:Eliza Morrison (née Armstrong)
1:
2021:
1331:In 1817 Morrison accompanied
1056:residence: Number six at the
839:
789:
556:Westminster Shorter Catechism
518:
3788:British missionary linguists
3718:Fellows of the Royal Society
3698:British expatriates in China
3688:19th-century Scottish people
3462:English Presbyterian Mission
3443:Peking Union Medical College
3006:Protestant missions to China
2949:In Memory of Robert Morrison
2663:Horne, C. Sylvester (1904).
2026:
1354:Traditional Chinese medicine
643:Preparing to be a missionary
446:, who was also a pioneering
7:
3793:19th-century lexicographers
3743:Scottish Congregationalists
3438:West China Union University
3418:Fukien Christian University
2579:Historiogrpahia Linguistica
2002:. The short termination of
1829:
1378:British Straits Settlements
1164:Morrison Hill Swimming Pool
1089:Morrison was buried in the
10:
3819:
3763:Scottish religious writers
3508:Chinese Christian colleges
3450:Methodist Episcopal Church
3340:National Christian Council
3320:Canadian Methodist Mission
2778:Three typical missionaries
1498:
1456:
1376:campus was located in the
1120:he sweetly slept in Jesus.
1076:
717:St. Bartholomew's Hospital
133:Mary Morrison (née Morton)
3738:Persecution of Christians
3619:
3546:
3498:Medical missions in China
3485:
3363:
3335:London Missionary Society
3300:
3064:
3011:
2954:11 September 2019 at the
2820:The years behind the wall
2688:. London: S.W. Partridge.
2406:. University of Hong Kong
2110:Townsend (1890), appendix
2068:The Burke Library Archive
1783:Morrison, Robert (1826).
649:London Missionary Society
473:. Morrison pioneered the
413:
409:
388:
374:
367:
362:
358:
344:
330:
325:
321:
317:
299:
292:
287:
283:
269:
255:
250:
246:
242:
238:
228:
218:
214:
204:
189:
122:
117:London Missionary Society
105:
79:
54:
42:
23:
3606:Second Sino-Japanese War
3467:Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui
3428:College of Yale-in-China
3272:Elwood Gardner Tewksbury
3024:Protestantism in Sichuan
2966:SOAS Special Collections
2894:. Vol. One. Longman
2671:Morrison, Eliza (1839).
2329:Taylor, Charles (1860).
2126:. Springer. p. 40.
1861:
1792:Robert Morrison (1828).
1764:Robert Morrison (1825).
1739:Robert Morrison (1822).
1715:Robert Morrison (1820).
1692:Robert Morrison (1819).
1668:Robert Morrison (1823).
1644:Robert Morrison (1822).
1621:Robert Morrison (1815).
1580:Robert Morrison (1817).
1539:Robert Morrison (1815).
1521:Robert Morrison (1813).
1510:Robert Morrison (1812).
1494:
1297:on the Malay Peninsula.
1258:Letitia Elizabeth Landon
1152:The Language Institution
1073:, a medical missionary.
1029:know when I fall asleep.
1003:Portrait of Morrison by
944:Robert Morrison Olyphant
742:Evangelia Quatuor Sinice
632:The Evangelical Magazine
332:Traditional Chinese
257:Traditional Chinese
3758:Scottish lexicographers
3345:US Presbyterian Mission
2960:Robert Morrison Project
2938:The Morrison Collection
2806: cm. { CWML U169 }
2523:. Fisher, Son & Co.
2514:. Fisher, Son & Co.
2426:"STUDENT LEADER GROUPS"
2278:Townsend (1890), p. 203
1263:
1194:Morrison Building is a
1184:, which was founded by
1175:University of Hong Kong
1085:Robert Morrison's Grave
1066:Old Protestant Cemetery
723:with Dr. Hutton at the
637:The Missionary Magazine
537:Morpeth, Northumberland
513:
346:Simplified Chinese
271:Simplified Chinese
69:Morpeth, Northumberland
3628:The Chinese Repository
3378:University of Shanghai
3330:Church Mission Society
3237:Issachar Jacox Roberts
3019:Protestantism in China
2665:The Story of the L.M.S
2010:, in the English word
1454:
1381:
1365:
1315:
1143:
1130:The East India Company
1086:
1031:
1008:
962:
846:
805:George Thomas Staunton
795:
713:
677:William Willis Moseley
673:
576:
528:
3753:Scottish evangelicals
3408:St. John's University
3393:University of Nanking
3157:Elizabeth G. K. Hewat
3041:Christianity in China
2760:William John Townsend
2716:63.2 (2012): 306–330.
2553:Vincent's Calligraphy
2096:Thom, Robert (1840).
2050:Wylie (1867), pp. 3–4
1890:, and sometimes into
1452:
1431:Ultra-Ganges Missions
1407:Ultra-Ganges missions
1380:of Malacca, Malaysia.
1374:Anglo-Chinese College
1371:
1363:
1310:
1095:
1084:
1026:
1002:
970:University of Glasgow
957:
822:
783:
760:Early missionary work
725:Greenwich Observatory
709:
695:missionaries) in the
691:(probably by earlier
669:
571:
526:
482:Walter Henry Medhurst
450:, lexicographer, and
428:Protestant missionary
3768:Scottish translators
3713:Presbyterian writers
3325:China Inland Mission
3267:John Leighton Stuart
3257:Vincent John Stanton
3227:Karl Ludvig Reichelt
3197:Robert Samuel Maclay
2653:Hancock, Christopher
1224:is an international
1136:Yea saith the Spirit
1114:The Holy Scriptures,
1034:also contributed to
892:John Robert Morrison
195:John Robert Morrison
150:; died
3433:Huachung University
3413:Hangchow University
3403:Yenching University
3292:(more missionaries)
3262:John and Betty Stam
3172:Carl C. Jeremiassen
3152:Laura Askew Haygood
3107:William Jones Boone
3072:David Howard Adeney
2438:on 20 February 2020
2332:Five Years in China
2258:Columbia University
2176:Horne (1904), ch. 5
2077:on 21 December 2012
1846:Raffles Institution
1713:Part II, Vol. II -
1666:Part I, Vol. III -
1423:Charles Majoribanks
1323:Peter Perring Thoms
1200:Hoh Fuk Tong Centre
1069:married in 1847 to
1005:Henry Perlee Parker
995:Final days in China
989:Raffles Institution
622:and was trained as
595:systematic theology
496:'s father-in-law),
3528:Foochow Roman Type
3518:Chinese Roman Type
3503:Manchurian revival
3423:Lingnan University
3398:Soochow University
3383:Cheeloo University
2814:Ernest Henry Hayes
2794:Marshall Broomhall
2488:"Morrison Academy"
2314:"Vol. 10 No. 31".
2120:R. Li-Hua (2014).
1802:on 6 February 2013
1690:Part II, Vol. I -
1642:Part I, Vol. II -
1463:Robert Morrison's
1455:
1382:
1366:
1341:Emperor at Beijing
1275:Chinese dictionary
1228:school founded in
1180:Morrison House in
1146:Legacy and honours
1087:
1009:
963:
960:A Parting Memorial
880:Chinese dictionary
865:East India Company
847:
810:Thirteen Factories
796:
786:Thirteen Factories
766:East India Company
737:Chinese characters
541:Church of Scotland
529:
199:George S. Morrison
3665:
3664:
3611:People's Republic
3601:Chinese Civil War
3556:Taiping Rebellion
3523:Minnan Roman Type
3167:Robert A. Jaffray
3077:Mary Ann Aldersey
3036:Missions timeline
2680:Townsend, William
2647:978-3-8050-0597-5
2619:978-3-8050-0597-5
1926:, is turned into
1619:Part I, Vol. I -
1472:Kangxi Dictionary
1349:public dispensary
1186:YMCA of Hong Kong
950:Return to England
701:Church of England
624:Congregationalist
417:
416:
405:
404:
382:Lo Bat Mo Lei San
313:
312:
294:Standard Mandarin
3810:
3586:Kucheng Massacre
3581:Tianjin Massacre
3566:Second Opium War
3533:Anti-footbinding
3287:William C. White
3162:Jennie V. Hughes
3137:Frederick Graves
3132:Jonathan Goforth
3087:Thomas J. Arnold
3000:
2993:
2986:
2977:
2976:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2703:
2694:Wylie, Alexander
2689:
2668:
2659:(T&T Clark).
2637:Lai, John T. P.
2622:
2609:John T. P. Lai,
2607:
2601:
2600:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2570:
2564:
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2484:
2478:
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2473:
2462:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2434:. Archived from
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2093:
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2082:
2076:
2065:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2015:
1872:
1836:Morrison Academy
1819:Internet Archive
1811:
1809:
1807:
1788:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1734:
1732:
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1710:
1708:
1706:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1616:in six volumes:
1615:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1517:
1487:rather than the
1485:Nanjing Mandarin
1396:), was moved to
1252:
1222:Morrison Academy
1204:Castle Peak Road
1007:, presented 1833
844:
841:
794:
791:
784:Painting of the
729:Chinese language
687:translated into
681:Northamptonshire
488:(the printers),
432:Portuguese Macao
401:
400:
399:
384:
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360:
359:
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309:
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285:
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210:Hannah Nicholson
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37:
21:
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3808:
3807:
3668:
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3666:
3661:
3615:
3596:1911 Revolution
3561:First Opium War
3548:
3542:
3513:Chinese hymnody
3481:
3455:Hwa Nan College
3388:Ginling College
3365:
3359:
3302:
3296:
3282:Thomas Torrance
3247:Cambridge Seven
3232:Timothy Richard
3207:Robert Morrison
3122:Thomas Cochrane
3060:
3031:Chinese history
3007:
3004:
2956:Wayback Machine
2930:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2897:
2895:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2724:
2722:Further reading
2719:
2710:Ying, Fuk-tsang
2630:
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2404:"Morrison Hall"
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2019:
2018:
1938:is turned into
1873:
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1852:Ying Wa College
1832:
1805:
1803:
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1549:
1529:
1527:
1524:Hsin i Chao Shu
1503:
1497:
1489:Beijing dialect
1461:
1447:
1394:Ying Wa College
1286:Malay Peninsula
1271:
1269:Missionary work
1266:
1241:George Chinnery
1216:New Territories
1148:
1142:
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1137:
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1111:
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1101:
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1079:
1071:Benjamin Hobson
1014:First Opium War
997:
952:
867:
842:
836:George Chinnery
792:
762:
645:
521:
516:
504:linguist), and
420:Robert Morrison
209:
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3571:Unequal treaty
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3199:
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3189:
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3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:Francis Hanson
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3127:Hunter Corbett
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3092:Gladys Aylward
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
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3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
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2974:
2973:
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2946:
2940:
2929:
2928:External links
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2885:
2883:979-8862611953
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2577:(1815–1823)",
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2417:
2395:
2368:
2343:
2321:
2306:
2295:on 17 May 2014
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2199:Milne, William
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1499:Main article:
1496:
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1481:Middle Chinese
1479:were those of
1477:tonal markings
1457:Main article:
1446:
1445:Scholarly work
1443:
1335:'s embassy to
1270:
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1265:
1262:
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1124:5 January 1782
1096:
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996:
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978:King George IV
951:
948:
940:David Olyphant
866:
863:
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697:British Museum
655:'s Academy in
644:
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616:Hoxton Academy
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3277:Hudson Taylor
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3258:
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3242:Charles Scott
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3177:Griffith John
3175:
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3142:Karl Gützlaff
3140:
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3112:Pearl S. Buck
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483:
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3620:Publications
3591:Boxer Crisis
3373:United Board
3366:universities
3364:Colleges and
3252:George Smith
3212:George Moule
3206:
3192:Eric Liddell
3097:Joseph Beech
3082:Roland Allen
2915:. Retrieved
2909:
2896:. Retrieved
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2628:Bibliography
2610:
2605:
2595:
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2578:
2574:
2568:
2556:. Retrieved
2552:
2543:
2538:Daily, 2013.
2519:
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2491:. Retrieved
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2464:
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2436:the original
2429:
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2398:
2386:. Retrieved
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2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2355:
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2293:the original
2283:
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2262:. Retrieved
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2203:
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2172:
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2153:West, Andrew
2122:
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2072:the original
2067:
2055:
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2034:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
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1800:the original
1794:
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1766:
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1741:
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1717:
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1694:
1680:. Retrieved
1670:
1656:. Retrieved
1646:
1632:. Retrieved
1623:
1607:
1592:. Retrieved
1582:
1569:. Retrieved
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1541:
1528:. Retrieved
1523:
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1504:
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1462:
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613:
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577:
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564:
549:
530:
510:
506:Peter Parker
479:
459:Presbyterian
457:Morrison, a
456:
419:
418:
326:Chinese name
301:Hanyu Pinyin
251:Chinese name
223:Presbyterian
85:(1834-08-01)
26:The Reverend
18:
3683:1834 deaths
3678:1782 births
3222:David Paton
3202:Lottie Moon
3187:James Legge
3182:Walter Judd
3117:John Burdon
2934:Andrew West
2849:Jian Youwen
2188:Daily. 2013
2041:・摩理臣山與摩理臣父子
1737:Part III -
1634:29 November
1435:The Gleaner
1202:located at
1058:Danish Hong
1050:Lord Napier
843: 1828
793: 1805
733:Canton City
653:David Bogue
593:as well as
560:John Wesley
490:Samuel Dyer
3672:Categories
3538:Anti-opium
3301:Missionary
3217:Gideon Nye
3102:John Birch
3046:Nestorians
3012:Background
2857:9622944329
2840:0810827700
2162:11 October
2022:References
1747:P.P. Thoms
1723:P.P. Thoms
1700:P.P. Thoms
1676:P.P. Thoms
1652:P.P. Thoms
1629:P.P. Thoms
1612:P.P. Thoms
1588:P.P. Thoms
832:Chen Laoyi
824:Li Shigong
661:Portsmouth
608:Commentary
519:Early life
452:translator
448:sinologist
113:missionary
110:Protestant
106:Occupation
61:1782-01-05
2356:gwulo.com
2260:Libraries
2081:18 August
2027:Citations
1856:Hong Kong
1841:Yung Wing
1516:. London.
1398:Hong Kong
1243:entitled
1226:Christian
875:Cantonese
845:original.
814:Guangzhou
750:Edinburgh
721:astronomy
599:shorthand
545:Newcastle
471:Wat Ngong
440:Guangdong
205:Parent(s)
115:with the
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3303:agencies
2952:Archived
2696:(1867).
2682:(1890).
2655:(2008),
2493:17 April
2472:17 April
2442:17 April
2388:17 April
2361:17 April
2201:(1820).
2039:香港東區街道故事
1998:becomes
1906:becomes
1898:becomes
1830:See also
1313:harvest.
1230:Taichung
1212:Tuen Mun
1022:Liang Fa
871:Mandarin
828:far left
812:outside
665:Timbuktu
554:and the
502:Prussian
467:Liang Fa
376:Jyutping
307:Mǎ Lǐxùn
219:Religion
190:Children
3547:Pivotal
3051:Jesuits
2958:at the
2801:⁄
2410:6 March
1934:; thus
1918:before
1894:; thus
1886:, into
1878:before
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1601:Alt URL
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800:Trident
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535:, near
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3486:Impact
3065:People
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2898:7 June
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2299:15 May
2264:20 May
2234:31 May
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1942:, and
1940:sheäng
1914:. 2d.
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1908:cheäng
1902:, and
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1729:15 May
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1658:15 May
1594:15 May
1571:15 May
1552:15 May
1530:15 May
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1234:Taiwan
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693:Jesuit
659:(near
620:London
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352:罗拔・摩理臣
338:羅拔・摩理臣
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2792:. By
2758:. By
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2254:(PDF)
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2012:eight
1960:tsăng
1956:Chăng
1950:, or
1946:into
1936:heäng
1904:keäng
1900:ching
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1495:Works
1390:Malay
855:queue
775:Macau
588:Greek
584:Latin
552:Bible
500:(the
438:-era
229:Title
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2970:here
2919:2011
2900:2015
2879:ISBN
2866:ISBN
2853:ISBN
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2643:ISBN
2615:ISBN
2560:2017
2495:2020
2474:2020
2444:2020
2412:2018
2390:2020
2363:2020
2301:2012
2266:2014
2236:2011
2164:2016
2128:ISBN
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1990:and
1984:pwan
1982:and
1976:mwan
1974:and
1966:and
1958:and
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1922:and
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1882:and
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