282:], flying their respective flags, amidst great beating of gongs, made for the village. All the islanders were congregated like a flock of white sheep on the top of the hill. Two or three of the fiercer ones were going through all kinds of warlike maneuvers on a near cliff. Steadily our flotilla advanced, firing volley after volley of power—the more prudent one fire about five hundred yards from the village. Two of the most daring boats advanced towards the shore, where, by this time, many of those from the hill had collected themselves and were engaged very vigorously in pelting stones; nothing daunted, these two boats seized a small junk lying off the beach, in a trice they had lifted the anchor, and amidst great acclamations brought away their prize. It is a small tub and will be given up tomorrow.
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countries. Your vessels that come here are too much given to disturbances. You have been here already ten days. You have dared to cut wood on a sacred islet with a temple on it, rendering us liable to tempests. Your guilt is very great indeed. As we have none who after the wood, you have taken it in a thievish manner. You are all a set of thieves. You indeed are a desperate set. One of our military officials will come with a thousand men, who will do battle with you and slay you. But now we are willing to make it up and not report it. You must believe this document. The other day you snatched away a vessel; you must return it, and then we will not entertain hostile feelings toward you. Be quick, be quick."
364:"One government official named Pak Yong-Sik who took home some of the Bibles thrown onto the river bank, used them to wallpaper rooms in his house, so people were able to read the gospel there for themselves." This was discovered by the local Christian community in early 1900s, and people came from all over to read the words on his walls. Eventually, a church was established in the area. Certainly, Thomas's influence grew after his death. Only fifteen years later, Pyongyang had become a strong Christian center with a hundred churches. According to Sungho Choi, lecturer at the
348:. This former soldier said that one of the crew being executed by sword had a red book which he begged the soldiers to take. Mr. Oh concluded that this man must have been Thomas. A year later, this account had evolved stating that Thomas tried to hand his Bible to the executioner and that this soldier later told his family that he had killed a good man (the "Korea Mission Field," Sept. 1927). Others claimed that Thomas's executioner was none other than Chun-Gwon Park, who had previously rescued the government official, Hyon-Ik Yi.
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around 25 August, the crew kidnapped Hyon-Ik Yi, a Korean government official, who was in charge of communications with the ship. An ex-military officer, Chun-Gwon Park, eventually managed to rescue Yi and reinstated him to his former position. However, Yi's two subordinates, Soon-Won Yoo and Chi-Young Park, who had also been taken hostage, perished during the scuffles. On 31 August, the crew of
260:. While serving as a missionary to China, Thomas developed a strong desire to work among the people of Korea. At the time, Korea was closed to foreigners because of the government's fear of foreign influence. Many Koreans had been converted by Catholic priests in the late 1700s, but the government killed 8,000 of those converts in 1866.
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Nov. 4th.—Yesterday, stormy. Today two islanders fixed a small stick in the ground at low water with a piece of paper attached to it. I sent my writer for it; the following is a free translation:--"This for all to see. You are engaged in a contraband trade, a trade severely punished by our respective
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clearly states that Thomas was killed by civilians, not by Park, and this is corroborated by Oh Mun-Hwan's 1926 article. In another account, Thomas leapt to shore carrying a Bible, which he offered to his attackers while crying, "Jesus, Jesus!" in Korean. This account was also rebutted by others who
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set sail on 9 August 1866 and was first spotted at the mouth of the
Taedong River on 16 August. As the ship sailed up the river loaded with cotton goods, tin and glass, Thomas tossed gospel tracts onto the riverbank. Korean officials repeatedly ordered the American boat to leave immediately. On or
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Thomas made his first visit to the Korean coast in 1865, making him the second known
Protestant missionary to Korea (Karl Gutzlaff, a German Protestant missionary, was the first, having visited Korea in 1832 and distributed Chinese Bibles to Koreans). Thomas learned as much as he could about the
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Nov. 3rd.—This morning half-a-dozen junkmen went ashore to catch shell fish, on which three of them were cruelly beaten about the legs by a score of cowardly islanders. Our little fleet of nine junks was in a state of high indignation. We could send fifty men to fight. In their own fashion they
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Thomas's fate is unknown. However, there are unverified accounts of Thomas dying. The first claim appeared on Oh Mun-hwan's "Christian News" article of 8 December 1926, reporting that Thomas was killed in retribution by the relatives of those who had been killed by the crew of the
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on fire. Among the crew, 14 were shot and killed (including one who had been shot to death two days before), four were burnt to death, and two who had jumped to shore were beaten to death by angry civilians on the shore. Thomas most likely died during or shortly after the attacks.
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In 1866, Thomas was asked to join the French Naval force as an interpreter to go to Korea as a part of invading party. However, the French force went to
Vietnam instead. So Thomas took a job as an interpreter on an armed American trading ship, the
1972:
299:. Thomas persuaded the captain to sail to Pyongyang to establish trade between the United States and Korea, even though uninvited trade was forbidden. Thomas's personal motivation was to spread the gospel in Korea.
344:. In the same article, the author cites a statement from Rev. Lee Jae Bong, a minister in Southern province (1000 miles away). He had a distant relative who happened to be a soldier present during the
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ran aground on a mud-bank near
Pyongyang, the Koreans saw their opportunity and attacked. The crew held off the attackers for two days. Eventually, the Koreans launched a burning boat, which set the
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stated that Thomas was waving the official signet of Hyon-Ik Yi which had probably been taken from him when he was kidnapped. Hyon-Ik Yi was later demoted for losing an important official signet.
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Robert Thomas was married to
Caroline Godfrey (b. 1835) during the years of 1863–1864. Caroline died of a miscarriage only three months after their arrival in Shanghai, China.
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fired cannons and guns at the nearby civilians, resulting 7 deaths and 5 wounded. Both the Korean government and the early Korean
Christian community agreed that it was the
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people and their language during his two and a half months there, distributing tracts and New
Testaments in Chinese because they were not available in Korean.
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368:, contemporary Korean Christians may not know that Wales is a country with its own language and history, but they do know that Thomas was Welsh.
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17 September 1840 – disappeared 31 August 1866) was a
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Robert
Jermain Thomas "The West Coast of Korea" dated June 11, 1866
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as an enemy vessel and ordered his troops to prepare for battle.
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Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century: Barbarians at the Gates
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1010:
List of Protestant missionary societies in China (1807–1953)
560:. New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan. p. 667.
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624:"Hanover Chapel, Llanover, celebrates Korea-Wales link"
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American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1406:Conservative Reformed Presbyterian Church in Korea
1461:Independent Reformed Presbyterian Church in Korea
1304:Journal of the West China Border Research Society
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219: 1863; died 1864)
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495:Blatchford, Dai (Jan–Feb 2010).
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603:. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
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497:"The business of relationships"
474:daibach-welldigger.blogspot.com
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626:. BBC News. 24 April 2011.
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476:. daibach-welldigger
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
48:
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38:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2016:Missionaries
1863:HapDongYeSun
1783:ChongHoe II.
1670:HapDongJinRi
1555:HapDongBokUm
1483:Presbyterian
1480:Branches of
1309:
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1295:
1288:
1281:
1275:Publications
1246:Boxer Crisis
1028:United Board
1021:universities
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907:George Smith
867:George Moule
847:Eric Liddell
752:Joseph Beech
737:Roland Allen
600:
587:
579:Bibliography
557:
551:
541:February 15,
539:. Retrieved
536:Archives Hub
535:
526:
515:. Retrieved
503:
490:
478:. Retrieved
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452:. Retrieved
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251:Qing Dynasty
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65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2099:1866 deaths
2094:1839 births
1971: [
1884:North Korea
1853:DokNoHoe II
1833:ChongHoe II
1788:TongHapBoSu
1758:DaeShin II.
1635:BoSuTongHap
1630:SungHapChuk
1625:HapDongBoSu
1605:YeJangHapBo
1565:BoSuHapDong
1362:Catholicism
877:David Paton
857:Lottie Moon
842:James Legge
837:Walter Judd
772:John Burdon
158:Disappeared
2088:Categories
1838:ChongHoe I
1655:HanGukBoSu
1610:DaeShin II
1515:GaeHyuk I.
1193:Anti-opium
956:Missionary
872:Gideon Nye
757:John Birch
701:Nestorians
667:Background
567:0028646045
517:2011-10-09
454:2019-06-03
392:References
240:Protestant
188:Missionary
185:Occupation
69:newspapers
1923:Orthodoxy
1828:HoHun III
1485:Church of
433:1 October
327:When the
243:Christian
1843:HyukShin
1730:PyungAhn
1700:ChanYang
1685:JangShin
1665:DongShin
1595:DokNoHoe
1580:JeongRip
1560:ChanYang
958:agencies
599:(1982).
508:Archived
427:Archived
423:BBC News
380:See also
249:in late
99:May 2015
1921:Eastern
1725:JungRip
1680:YunShin
1615:BupTong
1590:HwanWon
1540:Daeshin
1535:JungAng
1530:KoRyuPa
1500:TongHap
1495:HapDong
1202:Pivotal
706:Jesuits
221:
213:
209:
83:scholar
1868:JaeGun
1690:SunGyo
1620:NamBuk
1575:YeJong
1525:KoShin
1204:events
1141:Impact
720:People
564:
480:3 June
360:Legacy
201:Spouse
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1979:ROCOR
1975:]
1585:Logos
1570:BokUm
1520:Jesus
1487:Korea
511:(PDF)
500:(PDF)
323:Death
258:Korea
254:China
237:Welsh
215:(
211:
90:JSTOR
76:books
562:ISBN
543:2024
482:2019
435:2017
302:The
256:and
170:Died
143:Born
62:news
1882:In
279:sic
180:26)
165:26)
45:by
2090::
1973:ru
534:.
506:.
502:.
472:.
425:.
421:.
409:^
233:c.
217:m.
178:c.
174:c.
163:c.
147:c.
1981:)
1977:(
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97:(
87:·
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39:.
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