280:
431:
342:. atabeg of Mosul. On 28 June 1098, the crusaders marched out to meet him in battle. Robert and Hugh of Vermandois led the first of six divisions. Kerbogha was defeated and the Muslim-held citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemond, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute.
40:
406:, which was returned to the Byzantine emperor, as promised years before. Raymond remained there but both Roberts continued home by way of Constantinople, after declining Alexius' request to stay there in his service. Robert brought back with him a precious
395:, which resulted in a crusader victory. However, Godfrey and Raymond quarrelled over possession of Ascalon, and even Robert could not support Godfrey in this dispute; the city remained uncaptured, although the victory allowed for the establishment of the
212:. His father, hoping to place the cadet branch (or "Baldwinite" branch) of Flanders over the county, began to associate him with his rule around 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the
275:
any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served
Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city.
452:
against the emperor and his supporter, Bishop
Gaulcher, and seized a number of castles. Peace was restored in 1102 and homage paid to the emperor for imperial Flanders, but after 1105, the new emperor,
355:, but each attempted bribe was ignored. Raymond continued south to Jerusalem in January, 1099, but Robert and Godfrey remained behind in Antioch until February. They rejoined Raymond's army at the
338:, ruler of Damascus. Antioch was eventually betrayed to Bohemund by an Armenian guard, and Robert was among the first to enter the city, but only a few days later they were themselves besieged by
334:
lasted many months; in
December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left the army to raid the surrounding territory for food, and on 30 December they defeated an army sent to relieve Antioch, led by
349:, which was captured. Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand
323:, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march.
886:
881:
383:. When Jerusalem was captured on 15 July, Robert supported Godfrey's claim over that of Raymond, and on August 9 marched out with him to meet the
876:
896:
891:
483:, offering 1000 cavalry in exchange for an annual tribute. When Henry refused to pay, Robert allied with his nominal overlord,
799:
17:
760:
728:
791:
Reform, Conflict, and the
Shaping of Corporate Identities: Collected Studies on Benedictine Monasticism, 1050 - 1150
335:
249:
133:
78:
418:
in
Flanders. After he returned, Robert built the monastery of St. Andrew in Sevenkerke (now Zevenkerke, near
516:
445:
402:
At the end of August, Robert returned home with Robert
Curthose and Raymond. On the way back they captured
871:
821:
454:
320:
155:
68:
303:, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was surrounded by the
866:
368:
312:
380:
448:
had tried to seize imperial
Flanders. Robert responded by supporting the revolt of the Commune of
520:
465:
and a new peace was signed, in which the emperor recognized Robert's claim to Douai and
Cambrai.
292:
279:
458:
422:. Because of his crusade and the spoils he brought home, he was nicknamed Robert of Jerusalem.
316:
257:
220:
in order to limit the influence of the Holy Roman Empire in his dominion. With the approval of
856:
719:
Nicholas, Karen S. (1999). "Countesses as Rulers in
Flanders". In Evergates, Theodore (ed.).
519:. They had three children, but only the oldest survived to adulthood. He succeeded Robert as
508:
473:
296:
245:
121:
391:
which was coming to relieve
Jerusalem. Robert formed part of the centre wing in the ensuing
861:
492:
396:
346:
205:
8:
388:
253:
499:. During the battle he fell off his horse and was trampled to death on 5 October 1111.
484:
480:
442:
360:
268:
225:
209:
165:
351:
828:
795:
756:
749:
724:
512:
392:
265:
177:
145:
128:
111:
50:
751:
To Follow in Their Footsteps: The Crusades and Family Memory in the High Middle Ages
331:
272:
229:
217:
789:
469:
300:
288:
430:
435:
308:
261:
850:
356:
345:
The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack
241:
221:
193:
415:
411:
376:
304:
838:
291:, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with
216:. Robert II became count in 1093 and supported the restoration of the
213:
694:
Sword, Miter, and Cloister:Nobility and Church in Burgundy, 980-1198
488:
339:
449:
403:
384:
372:
327:
140:
283:
The routes of the First Crusade leaders, with Robert's in yellow
419:
39:
495:
led a revolt of the French barons. Robert led an army against
496:
462:
414:, a gift from Alexius. The relic was placed in the church of
407:
364:
107:
586:
264:, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to
646:
610:
476:
and assisting progressive ecclesiastic actors in general.
622:
537:
535:
461:
and an army from Holland. Robert stopped them outside of
564:
562:
670:
658:
634:
315:
on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by
598:
532:
468:
Like his wife Clementia, Robert was a promoter of the
574:
559:
748:
547:
848:
887:12th-century people from the county of Flanders
244:, launched by Pope Urban II. He made his wife,
457:, marched on Flanders, with the aid of Count
787:
772:A History of the Crusades: The First Crusade
652:
592:
326:At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at
778:
628:
774:. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press.
38:
882:Deaths by horse-riding accident in France
712:The Social Structure of the First Crusade
703:The First Crusade: The Call from the East
700:
640:
252:that followed the retinue of his kinsman
769:
737:
718:
691:
676:
664:
616:
604:
568:
541:
429:
278:
709:
580:
208:(also known as Robert the Frisian) and
14:
849:
180:from 1093 to 1111. He became known as
721:Aristocratic Women in Medieval France
692:Bouchard, Constance Brittain (1987).
248:, regent in Flanders, and formed the
224:, the diocese was split of from the
176:(c. 1065 – 5 October 1111) was
746:
723:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
553:
375:to find wood in order to construct
24:
472:, supporting the reformers of the
363:led the vanguard which arrived at
25:
908:
479:In 1103 he made an alliance with
287:Robert then participated in the
235:
877:Christians of the First Crusade
781:The First Crusaders, 1095-1131
779:Riley-Smith, Jonathan (2002).
232:elected as its first bishop.
13:
1:
897:12th-century counts in Europe
892:11th-century counts in Europe
788:Vanderputten, Steven (2013).
783:. Cambridge University Press.
526:
425:
271:and promise to return to the
204:Robert was the eldest son of
199:
92:
755:. Cornell University Press.
517:William I, Count of Burgundy
371:, he led an expedition into
174:Robert II, Count of Flanders
7:
705:. Harvard University Press.
696:. Cornell University Press.
319:, Godfrey of Bouillon, and
250:army of Robert the Crusader
240:In 1095, Robert joined the
105:5 October 1111 (aged c. 46)
10:
913:
747:Paul, Nicholas L. (2012).
738:Nicholas, David M (2013).
685:
491:. With the king diverted,
192:after his exploits in the
835:
826:
818:
770:Runciman, Steven (1951).
701:Frankopan, Peter (2012).
502:
434:19th-century portrait by
186:Robertus Hierosolimitanus
161:
151:
139:
127:
117:
101:
88:
84:
74:
64:
56:
49:
37:
32:
710:Kostick, Conor (2008).
521:Baldwin VII of Flanders
470:Cluniac reform movement
134:Baldwin VII of Flanders
794:. LIT Verlag Münster.
459:Baldwin III of Hainaut
438:
359:. In June, Robert and
317:Raymond IV of Toulouse
284:
258:Duke of Lower Lorraine
509:Clementia of Burgundy
474:Abbey of Saint Bertin
433:
282:
246:Clementia of Burgundy
122:Clementia of Burgundy
18:Robert II of Flanders
493:Theobald IV of Blois
441:During his absence,
397:Kingdom of Jerusalem
206:Robert I of Flanders
156:Robert I of Flanders
389:al-Afdal Shahanshah
313:Battle of Dorylaeum
297:Bohemond of Taranto
254:Godfrey of Bouillon
190:Robert the Crusader
182:Robert of Jerusalem
872:Counts of Flanders
619:, p. 244-246.
485:Louis VI of France
481:Henry I of England
443:Holy Roman Emperor
439:
381:Siege of Jerusalem
361:Gaston IV of Bearn
321:Hugh of Vermandois
285:
269:Alexius I Komnenus
226:diocese of Cambrai
210:Gertrude of Saxony
166:Gertrude of Saxony
867:House of Flanders
845:
844:
836:Succeeded by
829:Count of Flanders
801:978-3-643-90429-4
740:Medieval Flanders
653:Vanderputten 2013
595:, pp. 85–86.
593:Vanderputten 2013
513:Pope Callistus II
393:Battle of Ascalon
347:Ma'arrat al-Numan
266:Byzantine emperor
260:. After reaching
230:Lambert of Guines
178:Count of Flanders
171:
170:
146:House of Flanders
112:Kingdom of France
51:Count of Flanders
44:Seal of Robert II
27:Count of Flanders
16:(Redirected from
904:
833:1093–1111
819:Preceded by
816:
815:
812:
810:
808:
784:
775:
766:
754:
743:
734:
715:
706:
697:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
629:Riley-Smith 2002
626:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
557:
551:
545:
539:
515:and daughter of
332:Siege of Antioch
293:Stephen of Blois
273:Byzantine Empire
218:diocese of Arras
97:
94:
42:
30:
29:
21:
912:
911:
907:
906:
905:
903:
902:
901:
847:
846:
841:
832:
824:
806:
804:
802:
763:
731:
688:
683:
675:
671:
663:
659:
651:
647:
639:
635:
627:
623:
615:
611:
603:
599:
591:
587:
579:
575:
567:
560:
552:
548:
540:
533:
529:
505:
487:, and attacked
428:
301:Robert Curthose
289:Siege of Nicaea
238:
228:in 1093/94 and
202:
106:
95:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
910:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
843:
842:
837:
834:
825:
820:
814:
813:
800:
785:
776:
767:
762:978-0801465543
761:
744:
735:
730:978-0812200614
729:
716:
707:
698:
687:
684:
682:
681:
679:, p. 146.
669:
667:, p. 118.
657:
645:
643:, p. 257.
641:Frankopan 2012
633:
631:, p. 151.
621:
609:
607:, p. 186.
597:
585:
583:, p. 257.
573:
558:
546:
544:, p. 166.
530:
528:
525:
504:
501:
436:Henri Decaisne
427:
424:
262:Constantinople
237:
234:
201:
198:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
103:
99:
98:
90:
86:
85:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
909:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
840:
831:
830:
823:
817:
803:
797:
793:
792:
786:
782:
777:
773:
768:
764:
758:
753:
752:
745:
741:
736:
732:
726:
722:
717:
713:
708:
704:
699:
695:
690:
689:
678:
677:Bouchard 1987
673:
666:
665:Nicholas 1999
661:
655:, p. 73.
654:
649:
642:
637:
630:
625:
618:
617:Runciman 1951
613:
606:
605:Runciman 1951
601:
594:
589:
582:
577:
571:, p. 58.
570:
569:Nicholas 2013
565:
563:
556:, p. 40.
555:
550:
543:
542:Runciman 1951
538:
536:
531:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
451:
447:
444:
437:
432:
423:
421:
417:
413:
410:, the arm of
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:siege engines
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:Siege of Arqa
354:
353:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
281:
277:
274:
270:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:First Crusade
236:First Crusade
233:
231:
227:
223:
222:Pope Urban II
219:
215:
211:
207:
197:
195:
194:First Crusade
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
104:
100:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
857:1060s births
827:
805:. Retrieved
790:
780:
771:
750:
742:. Routledge.
739:
720:
711:
702:
693:
672:
660:
648:
636:
624:
612:
600:
588:
581:Kostick 2008
576:
549:
511:, sister of
506:
478:
467:
440:
416:Anchin Abbey
412:Saint George
401:
350:
344:
325:
309:Kilij Arslan
286:
239:
203:
189:
185:
181:
173:
172:
862:1111 deaths
839:Baldwin VII
507:He married
387:army under
367:, and with
96: 1065
79:Baldwin VII
65:Predecessor
60:1093 – 1111
851:Categories
527:References
426:Later life
200:Early life
554:Paul 2012
214:Holy Land
75:Successor
33:Robert II
822:Robert I
714:. Brill.
489:Normandy
446:Henry IV
379:for the
340:Kerbogha
69:Robert I
686:Sources
455:Henry V
450:Cambrai
404:Latakia
385:Fatimid
373:Samaria
369:Tancred
328:Antioch
311:at the
307:sultan
807:22 May
798:
759:
727:
503:Family
420:Bruges
330:. The
305:Seljuk
162:Mother
152:Father
118:Spouse
497:Meaux
463:Douai
408:relic
365:Ramla
336:Duqaq
188:) or
141:House
129:Issue
108:Meaux
57:Reign
809:2024
796:ISBN
757:ISBN
725:ISBN
352:sous
102:Died
89:Born
853::
561:^
534:^
523:.
399:.
299:,
295:,
256:,
196:.
110:,
93:c.
811:.
765:.
733:.
184:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
