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405:, but she died before they could be wed, and Robert did not marry until his late forties. In his youth he was courageous and skilful in military exercises. He was also prone to laziness and weakness of character that discontented nobles and the King of France exploited to stir discord with his father. He was unsatisfied with the share of power allotted to him and quarrelled with his father and brothers fiercely. In 1063, his father made him the
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424:, who had dumped a full chamber pot over his head. Robert was enraged and, urged on by his companions, started a brawl with his brothers that was only interrupted by the intercession of their father. Feeling that his dignity was wounded, Robert was further angered when King William failed to punish his brothers. The next day Robert and his followers attempted to seize the castle of
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558:, was secretly sending him money. At a battle in January 1079, Robert is said to have unhorsed King William in combat and succeeded in wounding him, only stopping his attack when he recognised his father's voice. Humiliated, King William cursed his son. King William then raised the siege and returned to Rouen.
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At Easter 1080, father and son were reunited by the efforts of Queen
Matilda, and a truce between the two lasted until she died in 1083. Robert seems to have left court soon after the death of his mother and spent several years travelling throughout France, Germany, and Flanders. He visited Italy
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Robert left the Holy Land around
September 1099 and returned via Constantinople, where Emperor Alexios showered him with gifts and offered him to enter into the service of the Byzantine Empire, but Robert declined. Instead, he travelled again to Southern Italy where he wintered again and married
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In 1087, the elder
William died of wounds suffered from a riding accident during a siege of Mantes. At his death he reportedly wanted to disinherit his eldest son but was persuaded to instead divide the Norman dominions between his two eldest sons. To Robert he granted the
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which was successfully conquered on the 19th of June. Robert then participated in all further military ventures during the crusade and was among the remaining crusading forces that took
Jerusalem in July 1099. He also took part in the final battle of the crusade at
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In 1105, Robert's continual stirring of discord with his brother in
England, as well as civil disorder in Normandy, prompted Henry to invade Normandy. Orderic reports on an incident at Easter 1105 when Robert was supposed to hear a sermon by the venerable
754:. Orderic claimed that Robert squandered his wealth and became so poor that he had nothing to wear, but this seems unlikely given that Robert would have been reduced to penury so short after his return and might rather refer to his pre-Crusade persona.
782:. Robert spent the night before sporting with harlots and jesters, and while he lay in bed sleeping off his drunkenness his unworthy friends stole his clothes. He awoke to find himself naked and had to remain in bed and missed the sermon.
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Sybil which also brought him a big dowry which enabled him to raise the necessary funds to buy back his duchy. When
William II died on 2 August 1100 and Robert was still on the return journey and absent from Normandy, his brother
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issued at Henry's coronation was well-liked) as well as Robert's own mishandling of the invasion tactics enabled Henry to resist the invasion. Robert was forced by diplomacy to renounce his claim to the
English throne in the
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Upon his return, Robert—urged by
Flambard and several Anglo-Norman barons—claimed the English crown, on the basis of the short-lived agreement of 1087, and in 1101 led an invasion to oust his brother Henry. He landed at
428:. The siege failed, but, when King William ordered their arrest, Robert and his companions took refuge with Hugh of Chateauneuf-en-Thymerais. They were forced to flee again when King William attacked their base at
916:"Soon after the birth of her (Sibyl's) only child, William the Clito, she died at Rouen, and was buried, amid universal sorrow, in the cathedral church, Archbishop of William Bonne-Ame performing the obsequies."
566:(b. 1046) but was unsuccessful. During this period as a wandering knight Robert sired several illegitimate children. His son Richard seems to have spent much of his life at the royal court of his uncle
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on August 12. The fulfilment of his crusader vows was a personal triumph for Robert: he had shown military skills as well as the ability to mediate between different factions in the crusading forces.
610:. The youngest son, Henry, was given money to buy land. Of the two elder sons Robert was considered to be much weaker and was generally preferred by the nobles who held lands on both sides of the
824:(missing one—Joshua, and replaced with the arms of Edward the Confessor). The effigy dates from about 100 years after his death and the mortuary chest much later. The church subsequently became
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in view of his engagement to
Margaret, and Robert may have ruled independently in Maine. The county remained under Norman control until 1069, when the county revolted and reverted to
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When their father died, the two brothers agreed to be each other's heirs. This agreement lasted less than a year, when barons joined with Robert to displace Rufus in the
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and claimed
Normandy as a possession of the English crown, a situation that endured for almost a century. Captured after the battle, Robert was imprisoned in
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816:. The exact place of his burial is difficult to establish—legend states that he requested to be buried before the High Altar. His effigy carved in
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was mishandled. William Clito died in 1128 leaving no issue, thus leaving the field clear in the Norman succession (at least until the death of
858:. William Clito was unlucky all his life; his attempts to invade Normandy failed twice (1119 and 1125), his first marriage to a daughter of the
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as his adviser, who had been previously a close adviser to his father. Flambard later became an astute but much-disliked financial adviser to
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705:'s visit to Constantinople during his pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Both then swore, as had the other crusading leaders except for count
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in his early eighties. Robert Curthose, sometime Duke of Normandy, eldest son of the Conqueror, was buried in the abbey church of
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In 1077, Robert instigated his first insurrection against his father as the result of a prank played by his younger brothers
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to stop his rebellious son. Relations were not helped when King William discovered that his wife, Robert's mother Queen
401:. Estimates of Robert's birth-date range between 1051 and 1053. As a child he was betrothed to Margaret, the heiress of
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Sybilla, who was admired and often praised by chroniclers of the time, died shortly after the birth of her son.
1462:
Mooers, Stephanie L (Fall 1981). "'Backers and Stabbers': Problems of Loyalty in Robert Curthose's Entourage".
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in 1100, as was his uncle, King William Rufus, the same year. An illegitimate daughter was later married to
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1419:(2000). "Robert Curthose Reassessed". In Harper-Bill, Christopher (ed.).
1283:(Reprint of original ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
848:, another Norman duke) on the way back from Crusade; they had one child:
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adorns a mortuary chest decorated with the attributed arms of the
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with his army, but the lack of popular support among the English (
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A map of the routes of the major leaders of the First Crusade
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Robert the Burgundian and the Counts of Anjou, Ca. 1025–1098
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Robert's reign is noted for the discord with his brothers
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Anglo-Norman Studies Proceedings of the Battle Conference
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Conqueror's Son: Duke Robert Curthose, Thwarted King
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was able to seize the crown of England for himself.
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1247:Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy c. 1050–1134
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1302:. The Catholic University of America Press.
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335:. The epithet "Curthose" originated in the
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683:, daughter of the wealthy Norman count of
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1875:English people who died in prison custody
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530:Learn how and when to remove this message
148:Robert Curthose in a medieval manuscript
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960:(2006). "Robert Curthose (d. 1134)". In
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27:Duke of Normandy from 1087 to 1106
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1281:Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy
1249:. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press.
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1326:Thompson, Kathleen (2002).
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1231:, p. 193 note 17.
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1311:. Sutton Publishing.
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177:William the Conqueror
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1713:House of Plantagenet
1330:. The Boydell Press.
838:Geoffrey of Brindisi
826:Gloucester Cathedral
787:Battle of Tinchebray
768:Gloucester Cathedral
747:Charter of Liberties
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1431:. pp. 95–116.
1171:, pp. 117–189.
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1524:House of Normandy
1438:978-0-8511-5796-2
1400:978-0-5200-4936-9
1354:978-0-8511-5366-7
1337:"Anselm in Italy"
1318:978-0-7509-4566-0
1256:978-1-8438-3660-5
1207:, pp. 96–97.
1051:, pp. 17–41.
1000:, pp. 43–44.
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1417:Green, Judith
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1039:, p. 41.
1038:
1037:Thompson 2002
1033:
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1023:
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988:, p. 26.
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931:William Rufus
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822:Nine Worthies
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520:December 2022
512:
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491:
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481: –
480:
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475:Find sources:
469:
465:
459:
458:
453:This section
451:
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427:
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418:William Rufus
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112:February 2023
104:
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67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1820:1050s births
1674:
1563:
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1387:Berkeley, CA
1382:
1358:. Retrieved
1344:
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1327:
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1299:
1280:
1268:
1265:Bates, David
1246:
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872:
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772:
731:
723:
711:
692:
674:
654:Seljuk Turks
652:against the
639:
623:
616:
600:
560:
541:
526:
517:
507:
500:
493:
486:
474:
462:Please help
457:verification
454:
415:
390:, the first
385:
357:
353:brevis-ocrea
352:
340:
326:
321:
298:
297:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1825:1134 deaths
1799:• ** Also
1786:(1465–1469)
1780:(1355–1364)
1774:(1332–1350)
1659:Richard III
1536: 1051
1472:(1): 1–17.
1347:: 245–270.
1238:Works cited
1145:Vaughn 1994
1022:Jessee 2000
840:, Count of
832:Descendants
648:to aid the
306: 1051
204: 1051
173:Predecessor
1814:Categories
1739:Richard IV
1669:William II
1654:Richard II
1569:1087–1106
1425:Woodbridge
1360:1 February
1181:David 1920
1169:David 1920
1061:David 1920
1049:David 1920
974:Bates 2016
946:References
890:New Forest
842:Conversano
814:Gloucester
735:Portsmouth
685:Conversano
572:New Forest
490:newspapers
382:Early life
360:William II
341:courtheuse
82:newspapers
1751:Henry III
1716:1144–1259
1699:1135–1144
1675:Robert II
1648:Richard I
1642:William I
1486:144728251
1457:247394557
1229:Aird 2008
1217:Aird 2008
1205:Aird 2008
1193:Lack 2007
1157:Aird 2008
1133:Aird 2008
1121:Aird 2008
1109:Aird 2008
1097:Aird 2008
1085:Aird 2008
1073:Aird 2008
1010:Aird 2008
998:Aird 2008
986:Aird 2008
795:Wiltshire
658:Jerusalem
640:In 1096,
368:mortgaged
329:pretender
224:Glamorgan
183:Successor
152:1300–1340
1728:Henry II
1723:Geoffrey
1664:Robert I
1629:911–1135
1618:Normandy
1447:45238208
1381:(1983).
1279:(1920).
1267:(2016).
864:Flanders
810:St Peter
688:Geoffrey
430:RĂ©malard
271:Normandy
1784:Charles
1778:Charles
1704:Stephen
1680:Henry I
1409:8954468
941:Sources
927:Richard
898:Tortosa
868:Henry I
818:bog oak
799:Cardiff
719:Ascalon
699:Alexios
556:Matilda
504:scholar
364:Henry I
187:Henry I
96:scholar
1540:
1484:
1455:
1445:
1435:
1407:
1397:
1351:
1315:
1287:
1253:
741:, the
739:Anselm
506:
499:
492:
485:
477:
392:Norman
310:French
287:Mother
277:Father
243:Spouse
230:Burial
165:Tenure
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1795:* As
1636:Rollo
1614:Dukes
1542:Died:
1530:Born:
1482:S2CID
1451:Also
904:Notes
776:Serlo
727:Henry
662:marks
548:Vexin
511:JSTOR
497:books
436:Exile
426:Rouen
422:Henry
403:Maine
339:word
266:House
254:Issue
103:JSTOR
89:books
1772:John
1745:John
1453:OCLC
1443:OCLC
1433:ISBN
1405:OCLC
1395:ISBN
1362:2023
1349:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1285:ISBN
1251:ISBN
881:and
483:news
420:and
397:and
362:and
347:and
214:Died
197:Born
75:news
1616:of
1474:doi
870:).
812:in
793:in
664:.
466:by
58:by
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1533:c.
1480:.
1470:21
1468:.
1441:.
1427::
1423:.
1403:.
1393:.
1389::
1385:.
1345:16
1343:.
1339:.
1029:^
828:.
801:.
778:,
578:.
432:.
413:.
312::
303:c.
222:,
201:c.
150:c.
1650:*
1644:*
1638:*
1606:e
1599:t
1592:v
1488:.
1476::
1449:.
1411:.
1364:.
1321:.
1293:.
1259:.
533:)
527:(
522:)
518:(
508:·
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494:·
487:·
460:.
301:(
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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