269:
420:
331:. atabeg of Mosul. On 28 June 1098, the crusaders marched out to meet him in battle. Robert and Hugh of Vermandois led the first of six divisions. Kerbogha was defeated and the Muslim-held citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemond, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute.
29:
395:, which was returned to the Byzantine emperor, as promised years before. Raymond remained there but both Roberts continued home by way of Constantinople, after declining Alexius' request to stay there in his service. Robert brought back with him a precious
384:, which resulted in a crusader victory. However, Godfrey and Raymond quarrelled over possession of Ascalon, and even Robert could not support Godfrey in this dispute; the city remained uncaptured, although the victory allowed for the establishment of the
201:. His father, hoping to place the cadet branch (or "Baldwinite" branch) of Flanders over the county, began to associate him with his rule around 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the
264:
any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served
Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city.
441:
against the emperor and his supporter, Bishop
Gaulcher, and seized a number of castles. Peace was restored in 1102 and homage paid to the emperor for imperial Flanders, but after 1105, the new emperor,
344:, but each attempted bribe was ignored. Raymond continued south to Jerusalem in January, 1099, but Robert and Godfrey remained behind in Antioch until February. They rejoined Raymond's army at the
327:, ruler of Damascus. Antioch was eventually betrayed to Bohemund by an Armenian guard, and Robert was among the first to enter the city, but only a few days later they were themselves besieged by
323:
lasted many months; in
December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left the army to raid the surrounding territory for food, and on 30 December they defeated an army sent to relieve Antioch, led by
338:, which was captured. Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand
312:, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march.
875:
870:
372:. When Jerusalem was captured on 15 July, Robert supported Godfrey's claim over that of Raymond, and on August 9 marched out with him to meet the
865:
885:
880:
472:, offering 1000 cavalry in exchange for an annual tribute. When Henry refused to pay, Robert allied with his nominal overlord,
788:
749:
717:
780:
Reform, Conflict, and the
Shaping of Corporate Identities: Collected Studies on Benedictine Monasticism, 1050 - 1150
324:
238:
122:
67:
407:
in
Flanders. After he returned, Robert built the monastery of St. Andrew in Sevenkerke (now Zevenkerke, near
505:
434:
391:
At the end of August, Robert returned home with Robert
Curthose and Raymond. On the way back they captured
860:
810:
443:
309:
144:
57:
292:, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was surrounded by the
855:
357:
301:
369:
437:
had tried to seize imperial
Flanders. Robert responded by supporting the revolt of the Commune of
509:
454:
and a new peace was signed, in which the emperor recognized Robert's claim to Douai and
Cambrai.
281:
268:
447:
411:. Because of his crusade and the spoils he brought home, he was nicknamed Robert of Jerusalem.
305:
246:
209:
in order to limit the influence of the Holy Roman Empire in his dominion. With the approval of
845:
708:
Nicholas, Karen S. (1999). "Countesses as Rulers in
Flanders". In Evergates, Theodore (ed.).
508:. They had three children, but only the oldest survived to adulthood. He succeeded Robert as
497:
462:
285:
234:
110:
380:
which was coming to relieve
Jerusalem. Robert formed part of the centre wing in the ensuing
850:
481:
385:
335:
194:
8:
377:
242:
488:. During the battle he fell off his horse and was trampled to death on 5 October 1111.
473:
469:
431:
349:
257:
214:
198:
154:
340:
817:
784:
745:
738:
713:
501:
381:
254:
166:
134:
117:
100:
39:
740:
To Follow in Their Footsteps: The Crusades and Family Memory in the High Middle Ages
320:
261:
218:
206:
778:
458:
289:
277:
419:
424:
297:
250:
839:
345:
334:
The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack
230:
210:
182:
404:
400:
365:
293:
827:
280:, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with
205:. Robert II became count in 1093 and supported the restoration of the
202:
683:
Sword, Miter, and Cloister:Nobility and Church in Burgundy, 980-1198
477:
328:
438:
392:
373:
361:
316:
129:
272:
The routes of the First Crusade leaders, with Robert's in yellow
408:
28:
484:
led a revolt of the French barons. Robert led an army against
485:
451:
403:, a gift from Alexius. The relic was placed in the church of
396:
353:
96:
575:
253:, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to
635:
599:
465:
and assisting progressive ecclesiastic actors in general.
611:
526:
524:
450:
and an army from Holland. Robert stopped them outside of
553:
551:
659:
647:
623:
304:
on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by
587:
521:
457:
Like his wife Clementia, Robert was a promoter of the
563:
548:
737:
536:
837:
876:12th-century people from the county of Flanders
233:, launched by Pope Urban II. He made his wife,
446:, marched on Flanders, with the aid of Count
776:
761:A History of the Crusades: The First Crusade
641:
581:
315:At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at
767:
617:
763:. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press.
27:
871:Deaths by horse-riding accident in France
701:The Social Structure of the First Crusade
692:The First Crusade: The Call from the East
689:
629:
241:that followed the retinue of his kinsman
758:
726:
707:
680:
665:
653:
605:
593:
557:
530:
418:
267:
698:
569:
197:(also known as Robert the Frisian) and
838:
169:from 1093 to 1111. He became known as
710:Aristocratic Women in Medieval France
681:Bouchard, Constance Brittain (1987).
237:, regent in Flanders, and formed the
213:, the diocese was split of from the
165:(c. 1065 – 5 October 1111) was
735:
712:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
542:
364:to find wood in order to construct
13:
461:, supporting the reformers of the
352:led the vanguard which arrived at
14:
897:
468:In 1103 he made an alliance with
276:Robert then participated in the
224:
866:Christians of the First Crusade
770:The First Crusaders, 1095-1131
768:Riley-Smith, Jonathan (2002).
221:elected as its first bishop.
1:
886:12th-century counts in Europe
881:11th-century counts in Europe
777:Vanderputten, Steven (2013).
772:. Cambridge University Press.
515:
414:
260:and promise to return to the
193:Robert was the eldest son of
188:
81:
744:. Cornell University Press.
506:William I, Count of Burgundy
360:, he led an expedition into
163:Robert II, Count of Flanders
7:
694:. Harvard University Press.
685:. Cornell University Press.
308:, Godfrey of Bouillon, and
239:army of Robert the Crusader
229:In 1095, Robert joined the
94:5 October 1111 (aged c. 46)
10:
902:
736:Paul, Nicholas L. (2012).
727:Nicholas, David M (2013).
674:
480:. With the king diverted,
181:after his exploits in the
824:
815:
807:
759:Runciman, Steven (1951).
690:Frankopan, Peter (2012).
491:
423:19th-century portrait by
175:Robertus Hierosolimitanus
150:
140:
128:
116:
106:
90:
77:
73:
63:
53:
45:
38:
26:
21:
699:Kostick, Conor (2008).
510:Baldwin VII of Flanders
459:Cluniac reform movement
123:Baldwin VII of Flanders
783:. LIT Verlag Münster.
448:Baldwin III of Hainaut
427:
348:. In June, Robert and
306:Raymond IV of Toulouse
273:
247:Duke of Lower Lorraine
498:Clementia of Burgundy
463:Abbey of Saint Bertin
422:
271:
235:Clementia of Burgundy
111:Clementia of Burgundy
482:Theobald IV of Blois
430:During his absence,
386:Kingdom of Jerusalem
195:Robert I of Flanders
145:Robert I of Flanders
378:al-Afdal Shahanshah
302:Battle of Dorylaeum
286:Bohemond of Taranto
243:Godfrey of Bouillon
179:Robert the Crusader
171:Robert of Jerusalem
861:Counts of Flanders
608:, p. 244-246.
474:Louis VI of France
470:Henry I of England
432:Holy Roman Emperor
428:
370:Siege of Jerusalem
350:Gaston IV of Bearn
310:Hugh of Vermandois
274:
258:Alexius I Komnenus
215:diocese of Cambrai
199:Gertrude of Saxony
155:Gertrude of Saxony
856:House of Flanders
834:
833:
825:Succeeded by
818:Count of Flanders
790:978-3-643-90429-4
729:Medieval Flanders
642:Vanderputten 2013
584:, pp. 85–86.
582:Vanderputten 2013
502:Pope Callistus II
382:Battle of Ascalon
336:Ma'arrat al-Numan
255:Byzantine emperor
249:. After reaching
219:Lambert of Guines
167:Count of Flanders
160:
159:
135:House of Flanders
101:Kingdom of France
40:Count of Flanders
33:Seal of Robert II
16:Count of Flanders
893:
822:1093–1111
808:Preceded by
805:
804:
801:
799:
797:
773:
764:
755:
743:
732:
723:
704:
695:
686:
669:
663:
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651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
618:Riley-Smith 2002
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
555:
546:
540:
534:
528:
504:and daughter of
321:Siege of Antioch
282:Stephen of Blois
262:Byzantine Empire
207:diocese of Arras
86:
83:
31:
19:
18:
901:
900:
896:
895:
894:
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891:
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556:
549:
541:
537:
529:
522:
518:
494:
476:, and attacked
417:
290:Robert Curthose
278:Siege of Nicaea
227:
217:in 1093/94 and
191:
95:
84:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
899:
889:
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832:
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789:
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751:978-0801465543
750:
733:
724:
719:978-0812200614
718:
705:
696:
687:
676:
673:
671:
670:
668:, p. 146.
658:
656:, p. 118.
646:
634:
632:, p. 257.
630:Frankopan 2012
622:
620:, p. 151.
610:
598:
596:, p. 186.
586:
574:
572:, p. 257.
562:
547:
535:
533:, p. 166.
519:
517:
514:
493:
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425:Henri Decaisne
416:
413:
251:Constantinople
226:
223:
190:
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36:
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24:
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15:
9:
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2:
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721:
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706:
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697:
693:
688:
684:
679:
678:
667:
666:Bouchard 1987
662:
655:
654:Nicholas 1999
650:
644:, p. 73.
643:
638:
631:
626:
619:
614:
607:
606:Runciman 1951
602:
595:
594:Runciman 1951
590:
583:
578:
571:
566:
560:, p. 58.
559:
558:Nicholas 2013
554:
552:
545:, p. 40.
544:
539:
532:
531:Runciman 1951
527:
525:
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511:
507:
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406:
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399:, the arm of
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371:
367:
366:siege engines
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355:
351:
347:
346:Siege of Arqa
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231:First Crusade
225:First Crusade
222:
220:
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212:
211:Pope Urban II
208:
204:
200:
196:
186:
184:
183:First Crusade
180:
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59:
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44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
846:1060s births
816:
794:. Retrieved
779:
769:
760:
739:
731:. Routledge.
728:
709:
700:
691:
682:
661:
649:
637:
625:
613:
601:
589:
577:
570:Kostick 2008
565:
538:
500:, sister of
495:
467:
456:
429:
405:Anchin Abbey
401:Saint George
390:
339:
333:
314:
298:Kilij Arslan
275:
228:
192:
178:
174:
170:
162:
161:
851:1111 deaths
828:Baldwin VII
496:He married
376:army under
356:, and with
85: 1065
68:Baldwin VII
54:Predecessor
49:1093 – 1111
840:Categories
516:References
415:Later life
189:Early life
543:Paul 2012
203:Holy Land
64:Successor
22:Robert II
811:Robert I
703:. Brill.
478:Normandy
435:Henry IV
368:for the
329:Kerbogha
58:Robert I
675:Sources
444:Henry V
439:Cambrai
393:Latakia
374:Fatimid
362:Samaria
358:Tancred
317:Antioch
300:at the
296:sultan
796:22 May
787:
748:
716:
492:Family
409:Bruges
319:. The
294:Seljuk
151:Mother
141:Father
107:Spouse
486:Meaux
452:Douai
397:relic
354:Ramla
325:Duqaq
177:) or
130:House
118:Issue
97:Meaux
46:Reign
798:2024
785:ISBN
746:ISBN
714:ISBN
341:sous
91:Died
78:Born
842::
550:^
523:^
512:.
388:.
288:,
284:,
245:,
185:.
99:,
82:c.
800:.
754:.
722:.
173:(
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