748:, kidnapped some local Aboriginal women for sexual purposes. In response, the vessel was attacked by Palm Island men, who attempted to burn down the ship and kill the captain and the mate. Despite newspaper reports describing the attack as a "murderous outrage", both sailors were only wounded and escaped to report the incident at Cardwell. Johnstone was sent to Palm Island to punish the natives. On arriving there he found that the islanders had not run away because they thought they would all be shot if found in other localities. Johnstone demanded they give up the ringleaders otherwise "everyone will be punished". He decided not to indiscriminately kill the islanders on this occasion considering the kidnapping of the women, but told them they would be punished in the future if a similar attack on whites occurred.
701:. At Constantine Point at the mouth of the Mulgrave River, Johnstone found a large gunyah and stole the mummified remains of an Aboriginal woman from it. Dalrymple's description was "The head of this mummy is small – the animal organs being developed to distortion, the mental being next to nil; in fact, it is of the very lowest type of human formation." Johnstone left two blankets and a tomahawk for "the bereaved relatives, who would doubtless rightly appreciate the exchange". The preserved corpse was given to the
277:. Johnstone himself describes in his memoirs other punitive expeditions he led while stationed at Nebo, including that of "punishing blacks" for the killing of a shepherd at May Downs. When he returned from this mission, he found a group of Aboriginals camped near his barracks. He chased them off and then later tracked them into the ranges where he shot a number of the "would-be murderers". He also reported how after punishing a group of Aboriginals at Collaroy station on the
33:
306:. Albert Wright of Avon Downs wrote in his diary that "about 60 blacks were shot at Grosvenor Downs" as part of the armed excursions following the killing of James Collins. These punitive operations have now become known as the Nebo killings of early 1869. In March of the same year, Johnstone was again out with his troops endeavouring to punish "the blacks" after the killing of a Chinese shepherd at Mt Heilcalong station near
159:, and had several children with her, one of whom was Robert Johnstone's father. After the death of his wife, Samuel Need returned with his children to Britain and remarried. Due to their Indian heritage, his sons were disinherited by Need. One of the sons, Johnston Need, changed his name to John Johnstone, married Annie Easton, and moved to Tasmania in 1835 where Robert was born. It is notable that a number of other
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to clear them from the area. The brutal operations of the Native Police were well known throughout the colony and beyond, where troopers would usually "make a night attack on the slumbering tribe and generally slay a large number". A large group of
Aboriginal men, women and children were pursued by a Native Police force led by Sub-Inspector Johnstone, in April 1867. The group was camping on
835:. During the night while the crew were sleeping, the Aboriginal men killed four of the crew after they had arrived at the islet, and took control of the ship. Two of the Dunk Islanders were killed by the ships crew during the re-taking of the ship, but the remaining one, a man by the name of Dungaree, escaped by swimming to a nearby island. He was later picked up and transported to
768:. For three days, Johnstone and his troopers searched all the native camps they could find in the mountains around the immediate region. At one of the camps they came across three Aboriginal women, one of who was gnawing on the dismembered feet of Mr. Conn. Another group "got their just deserts" when they were killed trying to flee to
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who speared livestock on this property which was once their land were punished in most cases by general massacre. However, he does point out that on one occasion he only shot dead the dogs of the
Aboriginals when it was discovered the main target, a man named Tallboy, had previously saved the life of
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who worked on the cane farm also participated in violent raids against the
Aboriginals as part of their duties. Johnstone describes one incident early in his stay where "the blacks" used their wooden shields as a movable barricade and the cover of smoke from deliberately lit fires in a counter-attack
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since 1837 and consisted of white officers in command of mounted and armed
Aboriginal troopers. The duty of the Native Police was to conduct punitive raids on Aboriginal communities that interfered in colonial expansion. Johnstone became a cadet in this force and was appointed Acting sub-Inspector to
123:
After resigning from the Native Police in 1880, he became a police magistrate in various locations around
Queensland before retiring from government service in 1891. In his years of duty for the Native Police, Johnstone led many punitive expeditions and "dispersals" consistent with government policy,
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as a clerk of petty sessions in 1882. After a brief period back in Ingham as police magistrate and inspector of
Pacific Islanders, he was transferred to Bundaberg as police magistrate there until 1887. From 1887 til 1891 he was police magistrate for the Maryborough region. In 1891, Johnstone retired
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where the land was quickly deemed unsuitable for agriculture. Whilst at anchor during midday, a local
Aboriginal man was spotted taking a survey flag that was set up on a sandbank in the river. For this action, Johnstone, his troopers and others aboard the ship opened fire on this man who managed to
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Johnstone and his troopers, together with armed sailors and volunteers, scoured the coast from
Cardwell north to Cooper Point, searching every Aboriginal camp they came across. A member of this party later wrote that Johnstone "spoke of killing whole camps, not merely men but girls and piccaninnies"
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happened to be in
Cardwell at this time and led a mission to recover the boat, which they found and were preparing to re-float. As the men were preparing a meal about 120 Aboriginal men rushed towards the boat. In response, the group open fire, killing 8 native people. Brinsley Sheridan, who wanted
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near Fort Cooper at North Creek. Johnstone and his troopers mustered two local family groups of
Aboriginals living in the area and coerced confessions from a number of them by holding family members hostage and tying others to the stirrup irons of their horses and forcing them to run along with the
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In 1868 a large group of Aboriginals killed 7 cattle at Greenmount with Johnstone and his troopers "administering a lesson to the blackskins...who richly merit a severe one". Also in 1868, Johnstone "meted out...the customary chastisement" to Aboriginals who were frightening shepherds and livestock
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in April 1867, where he encountered several Aboriginal camps, one of which contained more than 200 people. These camps "were dealt with in the usual and only effectual mode for restraining their savage propensities", which meant indiscriminate shooting of the occupants by Johnstone and his troopers
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officer in the years after the events at Hornet Bank. Although having armed settlers partake in the punitive expeditions of the Native Police was against official orders, Johnstone allowed West Fraser to participate on the "promise of secrecy and obedience". In fact, it was relatively common for
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became the property of Johnstone when he retired from the Native Police in 1881. He called the property "Molonga" meaning "devil-devil place" in a local Indigenous language, meant to frighten the Aboriginal people. Interestingly, the term Molonga was later used by Aboriginal people in western
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and Johnstone and his troopers proceeded there in the police boat. The group obtained water from a narrow lagoon about 2 miles long that ran parallel to the shore. While approaching the lagoon, a large number of Aboriginals came out of the camps and prevented Johnstone's advance. According to
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for Johnstone to fulfil his mission. Moresby described how the Aboriginal Native Police troopers surprised one camp of Aboriginals with "unrestrained ferocity", resulting in the deaths of several Aboriginal people. A six-year-old boy was brought back from the raid and sent for education to
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pastoral lease where cattle had been speared in February 1867. They sought refuge in caves at the top of a mountain, but were forced to jump off a cliff on Mount Mandarana of several hundred feet, rather than be face the carbines of the Native Police Force. The area is still known as
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resisted the troopers' approach. Johnstone punished their "insolence" with gunfire and this leader was one of those killed in the shooting. Johnstone sailed a little further up the river towards its bifurcation, noting the dense jungles and thick soil which could be exploited for
281:, his troopers, while returning to Nebo, were shot at by panic stricken workers at the Tierawoomba station. When taking cover from this unexpected attack, Johnstone found a large Aboriginal weapon-making site in a ravine between Tierawoomba and Blue Mountain.
190:. After his schooling, Robert re-joined with his father and siblings at this location in around 1860. During this time Robert claimed that he came in frequent contact with the remnants of the local Aboriginal population (probably the
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instructions, Johnstone did not fire a shot. When the Aboriginal group advanced to about 30 yards and were shipping their spears into their woomeras and were poised to throw, Dalrymple reporting that the "sniders opened upon them".
442:, but the other three craft were washed up on beaches to the north of the town. Up to ten of these crew members, including the captain, were found to have been killed by Aboriginals residing in this region. Lieutenant Sabine of the
697:. Again this area was found to be populated by Aboriginals with numerous gunyah style houses, rafts and canoes observed along the banks. Johnstone and a number of troopers set out from here and managed to climb to the summit of
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area by the name of Richard Bird Hall wrote several letters to the Queensland Government and to various newspapers about the murderous actions of Johnstone and his troopers. In particular, a massacre of Aboriginals working on
848:, Dungaree was advised by Johnstone that he could return to his tribe but "if ever they murdered a white man we would return and shoot all the men". Dungaree decided to stay in the force, but was killed not long after by "
1024:. He died here on 16 January 1905 and is buried at Toowong cemetery. He had nine children and some of his daughters married into notable families in Queensland society. His second daughter married one of the sons of
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for trial. Ominously, Johnstone himself describes a later patrol on Dunk Island as unnecessary as he "knew there was no blacks furthermore on this island." Dungaree was acquitted in Sydney but was forced to become a
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escape despite many rounds being fired at him. The troopers "were wild to go over for the purpose of teaching the myalls better behaviour". Two men followed the tracks for about a mile but failed to reach the camp.
269:, Johnstone chased members of the clan to some islands offshore and when they tried to return to the mainland "such a lesson was administered" to keep them from "committing outrages in that locality".
472:, approved of his methods and protected him from any possible recriminations. The statements were denied by Johnstone in 'the most emphatic manner'. Newspapers reported that Johnstone's detachment of
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Throughout his career as a Native Police officer, Johnstone had the opportunity to collect plant and animal specimens that had not been seen by Europeans before. Probably the most notable was the
1004:, started to publicly criticise the methods of the Native Police. These criticisms were acknowledged and publicly refuted by Johnstone. Johnstone wrote a series of autobiographical articles for
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After "the blacks" had robbed a hut at Dalrymple's Gap, sub-Inspectors Johnstone and Burrowes and their troopers tracked them to the coast at Seymour River estuary where they were "dispersed".
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in his Northeast Coast Expedition funded by the colonial Queensland government. This group was heavily armed with thirteen Native Police troopers assigned to the expedition. After leaving
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By the early years of the 20th century the policy of the Queensland government towards Aboriginals had switched from one of violent repression to a system of control and incarceration.
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Johnston Need) and Annie Elizabeth Easton. His paternal grandfather was Lieutenant-General Samuel Need. Lieutenant-General Need married an Indian woman, most likely the daughter of
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is now located. "The blacks were given a proper warm reception" when Johnstone arrived and after proceeding inland for 3 miles his troopers dispersed another group of local
394:. During this decade of service, Johnstone was involved in numerous patrols, expeditions and massacres. Descriptions of the most notable are outlined chronologically below.
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on the property's homestead. Johnstone shot at them continuously from the verandah with multiple firearms pre-loaded by his wife. He "followed up" the Aboriginals as far as
1964:
590:. The Aboriginals, including 3 men and 2 women, resented their treatment and killed two of the whites and stole the "Goodwill". The third, Daniel Kelly, escaped to nearby
1032:. His third daughter married into the orchard owning Mullett family of Monduran, while his eldest married Edgar Young a prominent Beenleigh resident. While having the
492:. A subsequent investigation by the Queensland government condoned Johnstone's actions on the grounds that the Aboriginals of the north were "savage and treacherous".
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Johnstone was based at the Fort Cooper barracks, now known as Nebo, in the ranges to the west of Mackay. One of his first duties was patrolling the north side of the
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to secure the safety of Cardwell, ordered Johnstone with his troopers "to inflict decisive punishment". Johnstone was aided by another Royal Navy officer in Captain
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depicting a white spirit who would cause havoc and steal young girls away. Johnstone utilised Molonga for cattle grazing, but later it was sold and became a famous
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was wrecked upon Bramble Reef. The survivors escaped the sinking ship on 3 boats and 2 rafts. Two of the boats made it safely to the nearest British settlement of
366:, while he stayed on at Bellenden Plains with the farmworkers. Johnstone "had a lively time of it" on the property until it was sold in 1871 to F.J.W. Beardmore.
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plantation. One of Johnstone's daughters, Ruby, continued the tradition of naming properties Molonga. She and her husband gave this title to their house in the
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from public service and in 1896 moved near to one of his married daughters in Beenleigh. In the early 1900s, Johnstone moved to the Brisbane suburb of
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772:. After going to Cardwell to obtain some re-inforcements, Johnstone returned to the area and went on another punitive mission "until we caught them".
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people first by firing on them from a distance and then charging amongst them. Johnstone's section then sailed to the mouth of what is now called the
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men and two women were killed with most of the corpses "left exposed on the roadside till they stank". The government and the commissioner of police,
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people while re-establishing the property. He went on several punitive missions with his "own black-boy" and also with the local Native Police led by
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fisherman Philip Garland killed a number of Aboriginals there while stealing a canoe. In 1876, Johnstone with other Native Police officers in
202:. In 1865, at the age of 22, Robert decided to move to Queensland to pursue a career in pastoral land management along the colonial frontier.
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being named after him, a tragic aspect of Johnstone's legacy was his role in the destruction of Aboriginal society in northern Queensland.
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that on 14 March near Mt Leach "I dispersed a large mob and returned to camp...on 21 February I succeeded in dispersing three mobs on the
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and sugar planter John Raymond Trevelian. In 1869, they appointed Johnstone as property manager to continue the Bellenden Plains project.
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1308:
677:. Needing water, Dalrymple directed Mr. Thompson towards the smoke from an Aboriginal beach camp on the mainland at a place now known as
326:. The Bellenden Plains was an open area of around 600 acres amongst the rainforest on the Murray River of Queensland downstream from the
1012:. These were originally published in that paper in the years 1903 to 1905 and later were collated and published in book form in 1984.
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322:, a sugar planter who had formed plantations in several parts of Queensland. One of these was the Bellenden Plains property north of
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and dispersed "a large mob of blacks" with gunfire. They then sailed further south to the Gladys Inlet (which is now known as the
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899:, reported the incident to Johnstone. He and troopers went out after them and Johnstone had the matter "satisfactorily seen to".
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who also had sailed into Cardwell as part of his expedition to New Guinea. Moresby provided additional armed marines and a large
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the Native Police in 1867. In this year he also married Maria Ann Gibson at Lansdowne near Mackay. Gibson was the daughter of a
215:
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British settler William Conn and his wife were murdered by Aboriginals on their selection near what is now the modern town of
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Johnstone and his troopers sailed to the area in their police boat and found the "Goodwill" abandoned and burnt on a beach in
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Johnstone resigned from the Native Police in 1869. While in the Mackay region, Johnstone had evidently become acquainted with
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to report the killings to another beche-de-mer fisherman named Philip Garland. The incident was reported to authorities in
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808:, noting that the local Aboriginals were constantly indicating (from a safe distance) for his exploring group to go away.
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The expedition briefly returned to Cardwell before heading north again to another river inlet which Dalrymple named the
1660:. No. 1985. Queensland, Australia. 26 March 1904. p. 2 (The Queenslander (Brisbane, Qld. : 1866–1939)).
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Johnstone moved to Bellenden Plains with his wife and newborn child. He had numerous violent encounters with the local
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104:. He was stationed at various locations in central and northern Queensland between 1867 and 1880 conducting regular
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and Molonga Terrace in Graceville exists today where the property once was. She also called her beachside land at
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and his brother was the notorious William Fraser who killed many Aboriginals both as a private citizen and as a
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horses. Retributions against those identified were conducted with local squatter Sylvester "West" Fraser from
1399:"Blackgin's Leap: A Window into Aboriginal-European Relations in the Pioneer Valley, Queensland in the 1860s"
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where Johnstone found that a group of Aboriginals had dug up the remains of one of the crew members from the
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in North Queensland. Here he became acquainted with the operations and personnel of the local detachment of
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After several days evaluating the potential of clearing this region of thick jungle for exploitation of
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until his resignation from the force in 1881. Some of the barracks in which he was stationed include
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After an apparently brief period of managing a pastoral property in the Apis Creek area northwest of
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such as sugar, the group sailed back to the mouth of the river. The expedition then sailed north to
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resulting in thousands of Aboriginal people being killed or displaced from their traditional lands.
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for Aboriginals. He "searched the camps..punished the murderers" and returned to his barracks at
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In January 1872, dugong fishermen Henry Smith and Charles Clements were killed by Aboriginals on
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Two white brothers who were robbed of their belongings and horses by around "40 male blacks" at
800:. In the same expedition, Johnstone sailed into the river to the north of Cairns, naming it the
654:, they sailed north to Gladys Inlet. Here Dalrymple renamed the river entering the inlet as the
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517:, defended Johnstone's actions and he was promoted to full sub-Inspector not long after this.
230:. This government funded paramilitary force had been in existence in various forms throughout
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2381:. Vol. XVIII, no. 750. New South Wales, Australia. 14 November 1874. p. 630.
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Up until 1876, the area around what is now Cairns was simply known to the British either as
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armed civilians to ride with the Native Police on these missions either as volunteers or as
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In 1850, at the age of seven, Robert Arthur Johnstone was sent to England to be educated at
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1995:. Vol. LXIX, no. 11, 120. New South Wales, Australia. 7 January 1874. p. 3.
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2219:. Vol. XXXIII, no. 3, 533. Queensland, Australia. 13 September 1878. p. 3.
2027:. Vol. XIII, no. 1959. Queensland, Australia. 29 June 1874. p. 3 (DAILY.).
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Late in his life, Johnstone moved into a house on Archer Street in the Brisbane suburb of
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705:. The expedition then travelled to rivers further to the north which Dalrymple named the
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with John Murray to punish them. After this experience, he sent his family to reside in
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A number of geographical and zoological entities are named after Johnstone, such as the
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were found dead, supposedly killed by Aboriginals, after their vessel was wrecked near
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to the coast where Battle Camp became a port for the miners. This port was later named
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319:
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144:
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2577:. Vol. LXI, no. 14, 669. Queensland, Australia. 17 January 1905. p. 4.
2498:. Vol. LIX, no. 1, 517. Queensland, Australia. 20 January 1905. p. 15.
1852:. Vol. XXVII, no. 4, 638. Queensland, Australia. 10 August 1872. p. 5.
1443:. Vol. XXII, no. 3, 145. Queensland, Australia. 9 November 1867. p. 4.
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The area that had been used for the Native Police barracks at Palm Creek just east of
2408:
2349:. No. 1557. Queensland, Australia. 29 August 1938. p. 1 (Second Section.).
2251:. Vol. XVI, no. 224. Queensland, Australia. 29 November 1879. p. 679.
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1068:
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832:
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2091:. Vol. XXIX, no. 2, 477. Queensland, Australia. 24 April 1875. p. 5.
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who resisted colonisation. He also participated in several surveying expeditions in
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During the early 1870s, Johnstone was stationed at various outposts of the massive
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1899:. Vol. VII, no. 341. Queensland, Australia. 17 August 1872. p. 3.
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718:
686:
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626:
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128:
2155:. Vol. XIX, no. 2785. Queensland, Australia. 9 March 1877. p. 2.
1801:. Vol. VII, no. 323. Queensland, Australia. 13 April 1872. p. 4.
2434:. Vol. XIII, no. 334. Queensland, Australia. 20 May 1882. p. 4.
1741:. Vol. VII, no. 322. Queensland, Australia. 6 April 1872. p. 9.
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by Mr. Hayter. The boy died there from disease of the lungs three years later.
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2187:. Vol. 3, no. 10. Queensland, Australia. 10 March 1877. p. 11.
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Johnstone, Robert Arthur; Johnstone-Need, J. W. (James Walter), 1906– (1984),
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In early 1869, a pastoral squatter by the name of James Collins was killed by
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1773:. Vol. VII, no. 333. Queensland, Australia. 22 June 1872. p. 9
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by the name of Molonga. This land was sold off and subdivided in the 1920s.
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785:
625:) where a large group of Aboriginals led by a very tall man decorated with
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448:
335:
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Spinifex and wattle : reminiscences of pioneering in North Queensland
811:
174:. His father, in the meantime, had remarried and changed residence across
32:
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713:. The final leg of their journey in December involved returning south to
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211:
195:
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175:
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443:
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236:
509:'s Wyandotte run conducted by Johnstone caused a minor scandal. Eight
2609:. No. 10, 686. Queensland, Australia. 12 April 1907. p. 3.
1961:"Narrative and Reports of the Queensland North-East Coast Expedition"
1718:
Discoveries and Surveys in New Guinea and the D'Entrecasteaux Islands
1562:
1507:. No. 1005. Queensland, Australia. 26 December 1868. p. 2.
666:
631:
541:
2123:. No. 2021. Queensland, Australia. 3 December 1904. p. 8.
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reprisals. Accusations of mass murder by Johnstone even reached the
2059:. No. 726. Queensland, Australia. 26 January 1875. p. 3.
977:
972:
In 1881, Johnstone was promoted to Police Magistrate and posted at
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844:
trooper under the command of Johnstone. After several years in the
817:
759:
610:
575:
452:
346:
290:
148:
2466:. No. 4, 311. Queensland, Australia. 20 May 1887. p. 3.
1628:. No. 691. Queensland, Australia. 7 January 1869. p. 2.
1475:. No. 952. Queensland, Australia. 22 August 1868. p. 3.
2545:. No. 1999. Queensland, Australia. 2 July 1904. p. 27.
1692:. No. 1502. Queensland, Australia. 9 March 1872. p. 2.
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farming despite the area being populated with Aboriginal people.
457:
334:, however, still remained a co-owner of the property with fellow
285:
262:
67:
1931:. No. 8, 145. Victoria, Australia. 13 May 1873. p. 4.
1596:. No. 717. Queensland, Australia. 9 March 1869. p. 2.
1565:
Conspiracy of silence : Queensland's frontier killing-times
1344:. No. 56. Queensland, Australia. 24 April 1867. p. 2.
1312:. No. 56. Queensland, Australia. 24 April 1867. p. 2.
976:. Here he broke his kneecap while riding and was transferred to
1567:, Foreword by Raymond Evans (1st ed.), Allen & Unwin,
1241:. No. 449. Queensland, Australia. 1 June 1865. p. 2.
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and George Townsend, aided in the creation of a track from the
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ordered Johnstone via telegram to organise a punitive mission.
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in 1871. He was posted at various locations throughout coastal
167:
have similar family backgrounds involving Indian grandmothers.
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828:
2407:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
79:
Station manager, police officer, explorer, police magistrate
956:. Johnstone sent the preserved remains of one to zoologist
804:. He walked through the rocky areas and went as far as the
784:
or Smith's Landing. It was also known as Battle Camp after
638:
The Northeast Coast Expedition (September to December 1873)
414:, Johnstone and his troopers scoured the island and nearby
100:
paramilitary force which operated in the British colony of
2211:"The Wreek of the Riser, Cutter, and Massacre of the Crew"
1374:. New South Wales, Australia. 26 October 1867. p. 3.
464:
during these raids. Johnstone apparently bragged that the
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which he found in abundance around the headwaters of the
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728:
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Johnstone was reappointed to Acting sub-Inspector in the
242:
2403:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
717:. Along the way, they again stopped at the mouth of the
812:
Chilcott Islet and Dunk Island killings (February 1877)
434:
carrying 75 people of a gold prospecting expedition to
397:
313:
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Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser
2463:
Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser
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Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser
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Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay and Burnett Advertiser
1504:
Rockhampton Bulletin And Central Queensland Advertiser
1472:
Rockhampton Bulletin And Central Queensland Advertiser
1238:
Rockhampton Bulletin And Central Queensland Advertiser
520:
642:
In the latter quarter of 1873, Johnstone accompanied
1558:
1556:
988:
205:
482:
Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies
369:
1825:
1546:
542:Herbert River dispersals (February and March 1873)
1553:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
967:
2630:
760:Retribution after the Conn killings (April 1875)
138:
685:After this, the expedition sailed north to the
96:(1843 – 16 January 1905) was an officer in the
2378:The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser
1563:Bottoms, Timothy (Timothy David Reis) (2013),
1523:
1008:newspaper giving details of his career in the
476:killed a total of 93 local Aboriginals in the
1203:"Johnston Need, later known as John Johnston"
1200:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1111:"Cinderella-style hunt for Indian ancestors"
1073:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
891:Tam O'Shanter Point incident (November 1879)
855:
775:
422:Punitive expeditions after the wreck of the
1341:Mackay Mercury And South Kennedy Advertiser
1309:Mackay Mercury And South Kennedy Advertiser
562:Green Island killings (April and July 1873)
214:, Johnstone became property manager of the
2621:– via National Library of Australia.
2589:– via National Library of Australia.
2557:– via National Library of Australia.
2510:– via National Library of Australia.
2478:– via National Library of Australia.
2446:– via National Library of Australia.
2393:– via National Library of Australia.
2361:– via National Library of Australia.
2263:– via National Library of Australia.
2231:– via National Library of Australia.
2199:– via National Library of Australia.
2167:– via National Library of Australia.
2135:– via National Library of Australia.
2103:– via National Library of Australia.
2071:– via National Library of Australia.
2039:– via National Library of Australia.
2007:– via National Library of Australia.
1943:– via National Library of Australia.
1911:– via National Library of Australia.
1864:– via National Library of Australia.
1813:– via National Library of Australia.
1781:– via National Library of Australia.
1753:– via National Library of Australia.
1704:– via National Library of Australia.
1672:– via National Library of Australia.
1640:– via National Library of Australia.
1608:– via National Library of Australia.
1519:– via National Library of Australia.
1487:– via National Library of Australia.
1455:– via National Library of Australia.
1386:– via National Library of Australia.
1356:– via National Library of Australia.
1324:– via National Library of Australia.
1253:– via National Library of Australia.
1077:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
902:
546:Johnstone reported to Police Commissioner
116:, including those under the leadership of
1947:
1879:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. p. 137.
2315:Rare Fruit Council of Australia Archives
1823:
1263:
1923:"MURDER OF SEARCHERS FOR BEECHE-DE-MER"
1874:
1733:"THE LAST OF THE NEW GUINEA EXPEDITION"
1714:
964:to the species in honour of Johnstone.
418:, finding a fishing net and two boxes.
265:men had speared five head of cattle at
2631:
1550:Johnstone, 1984, page number not cited
1139:
1108:
752:Seymour River dispersal (January 1875)
496:Wyandotte Station killings (July 1872)
243:Native Police operations around Mackay
1958:
1182:from the original on 3 September 2018
943:
875:. Johnstone and troopers scoured the
744:which anchored in Challenger Bay off
390:, Herbert Vale and Fort Herbert near
261:. Later in the same year, after some
2613:from the original on 18 January 2023
2581:from the original on 18 January 2023
2549:from the original on 18 January 2023
2520:
2502:from the original on 18 January 2023
2470:from the original on 18 January 2023
2438:from the original on 18 January 2023
2385:from the original on 18 January 2023
2353:from the original on 18 January 2023
2255:from the original on 18 January 2023
2223:from the original on 18 January 2023
2191:from the original on 18 January 2023
2159:from the original on 18 January 2023
2127:from the original on 1 February 2021
2095:from the original on 18 January 2023
2063:from the original on 18 January 2023
2031:from the original on 18 January 2023
1999:from the original on 18 January 2023
1967:from the original on 18 January 2023
1935:from the original on 18 January 2023
1903:from the original on 18 January 2023
1856:from the original on 18 January 2023
1696:from the original on 18 January 2023
1664:from the original on 18 January 2023
1632:from the original on 18 January 2023
1600:from the original on 18 January 2023
1511:from the original on 18 January 2023
1479:from the original on 12 January 2022
1378:from the original on 18 January 2023
1348:from the original on 12 January 2022
1316:from the original on 18 January 2023
1284:from the original on 18 January 2023
1245:from the original on 18 January 2023
398:Gould Island killings (January 1872)
314:Property manager at Bellenden Plains
293:. Fraser was a survivor of the 1857
143:Robert Arthur Johnstone was born in
2291:from the original on 17 August 2018
1213:from the original on 31 August 2018
1152:from the original on 31 August 2018
1121:from the original on 31 August 2018
1015:
521:Valley of Lagoons dispersals (1872)
406:. Accompanied by a number of local
151:in 1843 to parents John Johnstone (
13:
2321:from the original on 18 March 2018
1805:from the original on 14 March 2022
1745:from the original on 14 March 2022
1447:from the original on 23 April 2022
1415:from the original on 11 March 2013
1172:"The "Black Murrays" of Warrawang"
1142:"Re: Fountain Dale near Blidworth"
609:where the modern-day community of
500:A travelling correspondent to the
14:
2660:
2405:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
1396:
1372:The Goulburn Herald And Chronicle
206:Property manager in Mackay region
198:) and with those residing on the
2282:
1109:Nelson, Dean (14 October 2010).
1036:and the scientific term for the
554:...and on 27 March on the Lower
370:Reappointed to the Native Police
31:
2593:
2561:
2529:
2514:
2482:
2450:
2418:
2415:. ("Johnstone, R. A.", p. 136).
2397:
2365:
2333:
2303:
2276:
2267:
2235:
2203:
2171:
2139:
2107:
2075:
2043:
2019:"A MURDEROUS OUTRAGE BY BLACKS"
2011:
1979:
1959:Dalrymple, George Elphinstone.
1915:
1883:
1868:
1836:
1817:
1785:
1757:
1725:
1708:
1676:
1644:
1612:
1580:
1491:
1459:
1427:
1406:Aboriginal History Incorporated
1390:
1360:
960:, who gave the scientific name
823:had three Aboriginals from the
16:British colonial police officer
2147:"The Douglas Schooner Tragedy"
1891:"THE CHARGE OF KILLING BLACKS"
1328:
1296:
1257:
1225:
1194:
1164:
1133:
1102:
1093:
968:Promotion to Police Magistrate
879:and along the mainland around
533:. Johnstone describes how the
430:On 26 February 1872, the brig
37:Sub-Inspector Robert Johnstone
1:
1588:"(From the Brisbane papers.)"
1086:
816:Captain Thomas Harris of the
163:officers, such as Lieutenant
139:Early life and family history
736:The crew of a sugar trading
644:George Elphinstone Dalrymple
118:George Elphinstone Dalrymple
7:
2083:"The Herbert River Tragedy"
1336:"Narrow Escape at Aberdeen"
1264:Richards, Jonathan (2008).
574:with 3 European crew and 5
273:at the Cardowan run on the
10:
2665:
2537:"LECTURE BY MR. JOHNSTONE"
2179:"LOCAL & GENERAL NEWS"
1987:"EXPLORATION IN THE NORTH"
1875:Bottoms, Timothey (2013).
1043:
558:I dispersed a large mob."
1992:The Sydney Morning Herald
1824:Poignant, Roslyn (2004).
1028:a prominent landowner at
1000:, a government appointed
790:Alexander Douglas-Douglas
776:Founding of Cairns (1876)
527:Valley of Lagoons Station
388:Valley of Lagoons Station
186:in the British colony of
83:
75:
64:16 January 1905 (aged 61)
60:
42:
30:
23:
864:The two man crew of the
598:and Police Commissioner
412:Philip Frederic Sellheim
2649:Explorers of Queensland
2521:Kidd, Rosalind (1997).
1054:, J.W. Johnstone-Need,
1002:Protector of Aborigines
903:Molonga cattle property
586:to collect and process
218:run 10 km west of
94:Robert Arthur Johnstone
25:Robert Arthur Johnstone
1765:"LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY"
1721:. London: John Murray.
1715:Moresby, John (1876).
831:and beche-de-mer from
662:travelling companion.
515:David Thompson Seymour
172:Norwich Grammar School
110:Indigenous Australians
2490:"MR. R. A. JOHNSTONE"
2273:Johnstone, 1984, p. V
1877:Conspiracy of Silence
1652:"Spinifex and Wattle"
877:South Barnard Islands
827:area to work loading
794:Hodgkinson goldfields
531:Walter Jervoise Scott
507:Walter Jervoise Scott
466:Premier of Queensland
2574:The Brisbane Courier
2216:The Brisbane Courier
2152:Rockhampton Bulletin
2088:The Brisbane Courier
2056:Telegraph (Brisbane)
2024:Rockhampton Bulletin
1849:The Brisbane Courier
1828:Professional Savages
1689:Rockhampton Bulletin
1440:The Brisbane Courier
1038:freshwater crocodile
962:Crocodilus johnstoni
950:freshwater crocodile
732:incident (June 1874)
470:Arthur Hunter Palmer
410:squatters including
380:Far North Queensland
295:Hornet Bank massacre
133:freshwater crocodile
114:Far North Queensland
106:punitive expeditions
2523:The Way We Civilise
1844:"CRUELTY TO BLACKS"
1201:JohnstonTrevelyan.
990:Spinifex and Wattle
897:Tam O'Shanter Point
770:Hinchinbrook Island
699:Mount Bellenden Ker
566:In April 1873, the
416:Hinchinbrook Island
360:Tam O'Shanter Point
1928:Geelong Advertiser
1832:. New Haven: Yale.
944:Amateur naturalist
703:Museum of Brisbane
592:Oyster Quay Island
570:vessel arrived at
332:John Ewen Davidson
320:John Ewen Davidson
304:special constables
232:Colonial Australia
157:Saadat Ali Khan II
2426:"GENERAL EPITOME"
2413:978-1-4214-0135-5
2373:"Natural History"
1574:978-1-74331-382-4
1270:. Brisbane: UQP.
1140:McNaughton, Ken.
1099:Johnstone, page V
1061:978-0-9590470-0-4
742:Albert and Edward
730:Albert and Edward
652:Mourilyan Harbour
502:Valley of Lagoons
108:against clans of
91:
90:
54:Van Dieman's Land
2656:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2569:"Family Notices"
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2542:The Queenslander
2533:
2527:
2526:
2525:. St Lucia: UQP.
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2422:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2346:The Courier-mail
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2248:The Queenslander
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2184:The Capricornian
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2120:The Queenslander
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1896:The Queenslander
1887:
1881:
1880:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1798:The Queenslander
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1770:The Queenslander
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1738:The Queenslander
1729:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1657:The Queenslander
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1560:
1551:
1548:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1414:
1403:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1368:"SYDNEY SUMMARY"
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1304:"Family Notices"
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1082:
1072:
1064:
1016:Death and legacy
1006:The Queenslander
998:Archibald Meston
308:Lake Elphinstone
259:Black Gin's Leap
87:Maria Ann Gibson
35:
21:
20:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2341:"—About—PEOPLE"
2339:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2311:"Herb Bosworth"
2309:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2051:"LOWER HERBERT"
2049:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1957:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1888:
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1873:
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1859:
1857:
1842:
1841:
1837:
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1818:
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1134:
1124:
1122:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1046:
1034:Johnstone River
1018:
994:
970:
946:
905:
893:
881:Kurrimine Beach
862:
860:killings (1878)
814:
778:
762:
754:
740:by the name of
734:
719:Johnstone River
687:Endeavour River
656:Johnstone River
640:
623:Johnstone River
564:
544:
523:
498:
428:
400:
372:
316:
291:Grosvenor Downs
245:
208:
141:
129:Johnstone River
71:
65:
56:
47:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2662:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
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2302:
2275:
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2234:
2202:
2170:
2138:
2106:
2074:
2042:
2010:
1978:
1946:
1914:
1882:
1867:
1835:
1816:
1784:
1756:
1724:
1707:
1675:
1643:
1611:
1579:
1573:
1552:
1522:
1490:
1458:
1426:
1408:. p. 61.
1397:Moore, Clive.
1389:
1359:
1327:
1295:
1276:
1267:The Secret War
1256:
1224:
1193:
1163:
1132:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1060:
1045:
1042:
1017:
1014:
993:
987:
969:
966:
945:
942:
938:Burleigh Heads
920:to describe a
904:
901:
892:
889:
873:Sisters Island
861:
854:
833:Chilcott Islet
813:
810:
777:
774:
761:
758:
753:
750:
733:
727:
711:Daintree River
695:Mulgrave River
673:and camped on
650:and exploring
639:
636:
619:Mulgrave River
563:
560:
543:
540:
522:
519:
497:
494:
490:Robert Herbert
427:
420:
399:
396:
371:
368:
315:
312:
244:
241:
207:
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192:Koroit gundidj
140:
137:
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66:
62:
58:
57:
48:
44:
40:
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28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2400:
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2379:
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2368:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2290:
2286:
2283:Nash, David.
2279:
2270:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2158:
2154:
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2148:
2142:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2014:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1793:"THE REVENUE"
1788:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1711:
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1691:
1690:
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1659:
1658:
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1647:
1631:
1627:
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1621:
1615:
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2644:1905 deaths
2639:1843 births
2601:"A WEDDING"
2553:1 September
2458:"BUNDABERG"
1186:3 September
922:corroborree
918:Pitta Pitta
825:Dunk Island
782:Trinity Bay
746:Palm Island
725:shipwreck.
671:Trinity Bay
607:Trinity Bay
584:Palm Island
535:Gugu-Badhun
511:Gugu-Badhun
351:John Murray
336:blackbirder
228:Fort Cooper
212:Rockhampton
196:Gunditjmara
184:Warrnambool
176:Bass Strait
165:John Murray
2633:Categories
2243:"CARDWELL"
2115:"SKETCHER"
1684:"Untitled"
1288:18 January
1087:References
934:Graceville
932:suburb of
914:Queensland
667:cash crops
658:after his
444:Royal Navy
436:New Guinea
254:Balnagowan
237:Royal Navy
216:Greenmount
180:Tower Hill
102:Queensland
2617:23 August
2585:23 August
2506:23 August
2474:23 August
2442:23 August
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2357:23 August
2325:23 August
2295:23 August
2285:"Munanga"
2003:19 August
1971:18 August
1809:19 August
1777:19 August
1749:19 August
1176:Rootschat
852:blacks".
766:Bemerside
679:Palm Cove
632:sugarcane
529:owned by
239:captain.
226:based at
2611:Archived
2579:Archived
2547:Archived
2500:Archived
2495:The Week
2468:Archived
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2431:The Week
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1997:Archived
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1662:Archived
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1620:"SYDNEY"
1598:Archived
1509:Archived
1499:"MACKAY"
1477:Archived
1467:"MACKAY"
1445:Archived
1410:Archived
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1314:Archived
1282:Archived
1243:Archived
1233:"MACKAY"
1211:Archived
1180:Archived
1150:Archived
1119:Archived
1069:citation
978:Cooktown
930:Brisbane
885:Cardwell
850:Burdekin
818:schooner
715:Cardwell
709:and the
648:Cardwell
627:pipeclay
611:Yarrabah
596:Cardwell
576:Manbarra
568:Goodwill
453:schooner
440:Cardwell
408:Cardwell
384:Cardwell
364:Cardwell
347:Girramay
324:Cardwell
188:Victoria
149:Tasmania
145:Richmond
131:and the
50:Richmond
1668:17 June
1636:17 June
1604:13 June
1515:11 June
1483:11 June
1451:11 June
1419:11 July
1382:10 June
1352:10 June
1320:10 June
1249:10 June
1044:Sources
1030:Adavale
1022:Toowong
983:Toowong
821:Douglas
615:Yidinji
600:Seymour
578:people
548:Seymour
458:England
355:Kanakas
343:Dyirbal
286:Yuibera
267:Koumala
263:Yuibera
68:Toowong
2411:
2259:6 July
2067:6 July
1907:6 July
1860:6 July
1700:6 July
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1217:9 June
1156:9 June
1125:9 June
1058:
974:Winton
926:lychee
909:Ingham
866:cutter
837:Sydney
798:Cairns
738:cutter
486:London
392:Ingham
353:. The
220:Mackay
84:Spouse
1413:(PDF)
1402:(PDF)
869:Riser
858:Riser
829:guano
723:Maria
582:from
478:Maria
432:Maria
424:Maria
182:near
153:alias
2619:2018
2587:2018
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1127:2018
1079:link
1075:link
1056:ISBN
856:The
345:and
61:Died
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