272:, which are the texts more generally known as the Ten Commandments. Believing that the Bible reflected a shift over time from an emphasis on the ritual to the ethical, they argued that the Ritual Decalogue was composed earlier than the Ethical Decalogue. Later scholars have held that they were actually parallel developments, with the Ethical Decalogue a late addition to Exodus copied from Deuteronomy, or that the Ritual Decalogue was the later of the two, a conservative reaction to the secular Ethical Decalogue. A few Bible scholars call the verses in Exodus 34 the "small Covenant code", as it appears to be a compact version of the Covenant Code in Exodus
51:
1115:"There are two lists of pithy prohibitions in Exod. 20:1–17 (paralleled in Deut. 5:6–21) and in Exod. 34:11–26 that occupy pivotal points in the theophany and covenant texts. The lists of Exodus 34 and Deuteronomy 5 are called "ten commandments" in the biblical text (cf. Exod 34:27 and Deut. 4:13; 10:4), and that title, or the equivalent Latin term Decalogue, has traditionally been applied to the list of Exodus 20/Deuteronomy 5. Biblical scholars often distinguish the Exodus 20/Deuteronomy 5 list from the Exodus 34 list on the basis of content by referring to the former as the Ethical Decalogue and the latter as the Ritual Decalogue." (
420:, both writing independently. It does not however answer the question of how these texts were related, merely that the Ritual Decalogue circulated in Judah, and the Covenant Code in Israel. What the documentary hypothesis does partly explain is the relationship of the Ritual Decalogue to the Ethical Decalogue, and why, instead of the Ethical Decalogue, it is the Ritual Decalogue which is written on the two tablets when Moses ascends the mountain to have the Ethical Decalogue inscribed for a second time.
1025:"Another series is to be found in Exodus 34:14–26, sometimes referred to as the "Ritual Decalogue" in distinction from the "Ethical Decalogue"; it is called the "ten commandments" in v.28 and was inscribed by Moses at God's dictation on the second set of tablets that replaced the broken ones. The collection in Exodus 34 has some laws in common with the "Ethical Decalogue", but focuses more on cultic matters." (Whybray 1995:116)
431:, later took offence at parts of JE, and rewrote it, dropping the story of the golden calf, and replacing the Ritual Decalogue with a new (ethical) decalogue initially based on it, but taking commandments from elsewhere as well, and replacing the Covenant Code with a vast new law code, placed after the Decalogue for narrative reasons, most of which forms the greater part of the
981:" 34:1–28 The Proclamation of the Covenant: the covenant stipulations are not the same as those in chaps. 20–23. This is surprising, because it is the clear implication of v. 1 that the new tablets are to have the same thing on them that the broken tablets had, and v. 28 states flatly that Moses writes 'the ten utterances' on the tablets." (Mays 1988:143)
427:, in such a way that it now reads that God dictated the Covenant Code, which was written onto stone, Moses subsequently smashing these stones at the incident of the golden calf, and thus having to go back and get a new set, with a set of commandments, the Ritual Decalogue, resembling the first. Under this reconstruction another writer, the
750:). These have been differentiated as the "Small Covenant Code" (Exodus 34) and the "Large Covenant Code" (Exodus 20–23). These views are not mutually exclusive. Aaron (2006), for example, discusses how the "Exodus 34 Decalogue", while presented as the Ten Commandments, appears to be a reworking of the Covenant Code. Indeed,
865:
10 For six years you shall sow your land and gather in its yield; 11 but the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie fallow, so that the poor of your people may eat; and what they leave the wild animals may eat. You shall do the same with your vineyard, and with your olive orchard. 12 Six days you
375:
While
Orthodox Judaism and Christianity hold that both sets of tablets contained the same ten commandments, some scholars identify verses 11-26 as an alternate "ten commandments" which they call the "ritual" decalogue. For these scholars, the terms "ritual decalogue" and "ethical decalogue" are a way
1185:
Since God's speech commences in v. 10 with reference to—indeed a performative of—a covenant, and the speech concludes ... with an instruction to write down these very words, on the basis of which the covenant is made, it might seem reasonable to regard the whole of vv. 10-26 as incorporated in this
450:
is thought to have combined all three versions – JE, the
Priestly source, and Deuteronomist, together. JE and the Priestly source were interleaved together, altering JE so that it was now the Ethical Decalogue which was written on the first set of tablets and subsequently destroyed. The alteration,
696:
14 But the seventh day is a
Sabbath to the Lord your God; you shall not do any work—you, or your son or your daughter, or your male or female slave, or your ox or your donkey, or any of your livestock, or the resident alien in your towns, so that your male and female slave may rest as well as you.
978:'Exodus 34:28 says, "And wrote upon the tablets the words of the covenant, ten of the words" ... the text is not precise about what is written. The final phrase, "ten of the words," is awkward. Traditionally, it is taken as a reference back to the Ten Commandments in Exodus 20. (McEntire 2008:9)
446:, objected to the Priestly source, and rewrote it yet again, but in a different style: that of a series of flashbacks, producing a second slightly different copy of the Ethical Decalogue, and re-introducing the golden calf. Presented with such divergent versions of the same event,
387:
as having originally been a separate text to the Torah, and thus there is much debate as to the relationship between the Ritual
Decalogue and Covenant Code. There are essentially two positions, neither of which is decisively supported, either by evidence, or by number of scholars:
392:
Either the commandments of the Ritual
Decalogue were originally indistinct commandments in the body of a much larger work, such as the Covenant Code, and were selected as being the most important by some process, whether gradual filtering or by an
874:
16 You shall observe the festival of harvest, of the first fruits of your labor, of what you sow in the field. You shall observe the festival of ingathering at the end of the year, when you gather in from the field the fruit of your labor.
280:; they argue the small Covenant code was composed around the same time as the Decalogue of Exodus 20, but either served different functions within Israelite religion, or reflects the influence of other Ancient Near Eastern religious texts.
1096:, Westminster John Knox Press, 2001, p. 44. "Decalogue (Gk: lit., "Ten Words") is the Greek (LXX) name for the "Ten Commandments"... the term appears in Exod 34:28; Deut 4:13; 10:4; the commandments themselves in Exod 20 and Deut 5."
1037:
4:28. the Ten
Commandments. The second set of the commandments appears here in vv. 14-26. ] In critical biblical scholarship we understand these two versions of the Decalogue to come from two different ancient sources. (Friedman
810:
15 You shall not make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice to their gods, someone among them will invite you, and you will eat of the sacrifice.
564:
15 You shall not make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice to their gods, someone among them will invite you, and you will eat of the sacrifice.
700:
15 Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the Lord your God brought you out from there with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm; therefore the Lord your God commanded you to keep the sabbath day.
1195:"The Ten Commandments occur in three versions. Two are almost identical with each other , but the third, which apparently replaced the tablets that were broken, is quite different" (Alexander & Baker 2003:501)
994:"The Ten Commandments occur in three versions. Two are almost identical with each other , but the third, which apparently replaced the tablets that were broken, is quite different" (Alexander & Baker 2003:501)
837:
18 You shall keep the festival of unleavened bread. For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the month of Abib; for in the month of Abib you came out from Egypt.
1105:
Levinson, Bernard M. (July 2002). "Goethe's
Analysis of Exodus 34 and Its Influence on Julius Wellhausen: The Pfropfung of the Documentary Hypothesis". Zeitschrift fĂĽr die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 114 (2):
1011:"There is another and, acc. to many OT critics, older version of the 'Ten Words' preserved in Exod. 34:11–28, where much more emphasis is laid on ritual prescriptions." (Cross & Livingstone 1997:382)
632:
5 You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, punishing children for the iniquity of parents, to the third and the fourth generation of those who reject me,
841:
15a You shall observe the festival of unleavened bread; as I commanded you, you shall eat unleavened bread for seven days at the appointed time in the month of Abib, for in it you came out of Egypt.
681:
9 You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, punishing children for the iniquity of parents, to the third and fourth generation of those who reject me,
1065:
Goethe appears to have been the first to consider these two dissimilar sets of Ten
Commandments as a theological problem, but was not the first to notice them. Earlier observers include Houbigant (
648:
10 But the seventh day is a
Sabbath to the Lord your God; you shall not do any work—you, your son or your daughter, your male or female slave, your livestock, or the alien resident in your towns.
719:
21 Neither shall you covet your neighbor's wife. Neither shall you desire your neighbor's house, or field, or male or female slave, or ox, or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.
451:
by careful juxtaposition, subtly implied that the second set of tablets also received the
Ethical rather than Ritual Decalogue, despite the text saying, immediately after the Ritual Decalogue,
814:
16 And you will take wives from among their daughters for your sons, and their daughters who prostitute themselves to their gods will make your sons also prostitute themselves to their gods.
568:
16 And you will take wives from among their daughters for your sons, and their daughters who prostitute themselves to their gods will make your sons also prostitute themselves to their gods.
704:
16 Honor your father and your mother, as the Lord your God commanded you, so that your days may be long and that it may go well with you in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.
1204:"What is the purpose of the Decalogue, commonly called the Ten Commandments, and why does the Pentateuch contain three versions (Exodus 20, Deuteronomy 5, and Exodus 34)?" (Aaron 2006:1)
997:"What is the purpose of the Decalogue, commonly called the Ten Commandments, and why does the Pentateuch contain three versions (Exodus 20, Deuteronomy 5, and Exodus 34)?" (Aaron 2006:1)
651:
11 For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but rested the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and consecrated it.
383:, which occurs prior to it in the Torah, and thus have the impression of being a summary of the important points in the Code. The Covenant Code is believed by most scholars of
678:
8 You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.
669:
17 You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or male or female slave, or ox, or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.
629:
4 You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.
882:
24 For I will cast out nations before you, and enlarge your borders; no one shall covet your land when you go up to appear before the Lord your God three times in the year.
866:
shall do your work, but on the seventh day you shall rest, so that your ox and your donkey may have relief, and your homeborn slave and the resident alien may be refreshed.
607:
24 For I will cast out nations before you, and enlarge your borders; no one shall covet your land when you go up to appear before the Lord your God three times in the year.
396:
Or the Covenant Code represents a later expansion of the Ritual Decalogue, with additional commandments added on, again either by gradual aggregation, or by an individual.
796:
23 When my angel goes in front of you, and brings you to the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, and I blot them out,
754:
believed that the Ritual Decalogue was an interpolation, and that the phrase "Ten Commandments" in Exodus 34:28 originally referred to a portion of the Covenant Code,
848:
20a The firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, or if you will not redeem it you shall break its neck. All the firstborn of your sons you shall redeem.
1623:
584:
20 The firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, or if you will not redeem it you shall break its neck. All the firstborn of your sons you shall redeem.
578:. For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the month of Abib; for in the month of Abib you came out from Egypt.
79:
791:
11 Observe what I command you today. See, I will drive out before you the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites.
550:
11 Observe what I command you today. See, I will drive out before you the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites.
1653:
113:
363:
Assuming that Moses is being commanded to write down the content of verses 15-26 on the new tablets, this would be the only place in the Bible where the phrase
823:
24 Thou shalt not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor do after their doings; but thou shalt utterly overthrow them, and break in pieces their pillars.
891:
25 You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leaven, and the sacrifice of the festival of the passover shall not be left until the morning.
610:
25 You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leaven, and the sacrifice of the festival of the passover shall not be left until the morning.
190:
1618:
423:
The documentary hypothesis claims that the Jahwist and Elohist texts were first combined by a redactor, producing a text referred to simply as
74:
336:, Cut two tablets of stone like the former ones, and I will write on the tablets the words that were on the former tablets, which you broke.
820:
33 They shall not live in your land, or they will make you sin against me; for if you worship their gods, it will surely be a snare to you.
739:
said: 'I am making a covenant with you'," note that the laws of Exodus 34 appear to be a shorter and differently organized version of the
871:
22 You shall observe the festival of weeks, the first fruits of wheat harvest, and the festival of ingathering at the turn of the year.
1769:
1568:
1729:
1628:
794:
22 But if you listen attentively to his voice and do all that I say, then I will be an enemy to your enemies and a foe to your foes.
88:
1762:
862:
21 For six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall rest; even in ploughing time and in harvest time you shall rest.
802:
12 Take care not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land to which you are going, or it will become a snare among you.
590:
21 For six days you shall work, but on the seventh day you shall rest; even in ploughing time and in harvest time you shall rest.
552:
12 Take care not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land to which you are going, or it will become a snare among you.
1613:
894:
18 You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with anything leavened, or let the fat of my festival remain until the morning.
69:
1075:, who held that "two decalogues were written by Moses" in Exodus 20 and 34. (Albert Knudson, 1909. "The So-called J Decalogue",
687:
11 You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not acquit anyone who misuses his name.
826:
13 Be attentive to all that I have said to you. Do not invoke the names of other gods; do not let them be heard on your lips.
639:
7 You shall not make wrongful use of the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not acquit anyone who misuses his name.
244:). Although the phrase "Ten Commandments" has traditionally been interpreted as referring to a very different set of laws, in
1889:
1753:
1745:
183:
164:
1899:
1056:
Other names include the Moral Decalogue, the Ethical or Moral Ten Commandments, and the E-Decalogue or Elohist Decalogue.
350:
Yahweh said to Moses, Write these words; in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.
654:
12 Honor your father and your mother, so that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.
1833:
1825:
1538:
1522:
1500:
1477:
1455:
1849:
1809:
1801:
1633:
176:
93:
17:
1962:
1957:
1865:
1857:
1817:
732:
1972:
1643:
1561:
103:
1413:
Levinson, Bernard M. (July 2002). "Goethe's Analysis of Exodus 34 and Its Influence on Julius Wellhausen: The
1343:
Levinson, Bernard M. (July 2002). "Goethe's Analysis of Exodus 34 and Its Influence on Julius Wellhausen: The
575:
747:
684:
10 but showing steadfast love to the thousandth generation of those who love me and keep my commandments.
447:
1947:
636:
6 but showing steadfast love to the thousandth generation of those who love me and keep my commandments.
493:, where "raditionally, it is taken as a reference back to the Ten Commandments in Exodus 20", the phrase
417:
1281:
The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version
1226:
758:
255:
1967:
1554:
254:
understand the two sets of laws to have different authorship. Early scholars, adopting a proposal of
34:
807:
14 (for you shall worship no other god, because the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God).
624:
2 I am the Lord your God, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery;
561:
14 (for you shall worship no other god, because the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God).
1465:
1301:
846:
19 All that first opens the womb is mine, all your male livestock, the firstborn of cow and sheep.
581:
19 All that first opens the womb is mine, all your male livestock, the firstborn of cow and sheep.
899:
26 The best of the first fruits of your ground you shall bring to the house of the Lord your God.
613:
26 The best of the first fruits of your ground you shall bring to the house of the Lord your God.
1218:
673:
6 I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery;
598:
880:
23 Three times in the year all your males shall appear before the Lord God, the God of Israel.
604:
23 Three times in the year all your males shall appear before the Lord God, the God of Israel.
424:
401:
1952:
1608:
1313:
60:
1071:
248:, many scholars believe it instead refers to the Ritual Decalogue found two verses earlier.
1737:
1658:
1648:
118:
108:
50:
905:
19 The choicest of the first fruits of your ground you shall bring into the house of the L
804:
13 You shall tear down their altars, break their pillars, and cut down their sacred poles
8:
1926:
1696:
1679:
1638:
540:
509:
502:
266:
159:
154:
98:
1909:
1489:
384:
251:
1914:
1518:
1510:
1496:
1473:
1451:
1434:
1364:
1290:
1278:
594:
1186:
covenant. That, no doubt, is the sense intended by the redactors. (Jackson 2000:254)
1904:
1586:
1577:
1426:
1356:
409:
219:
134:
42:
690:
12 Observe the sabbath day and keep it holy, as the Lord your God commanded you.
428:
324:
223:
1841:
1708:
781:
772:
755:
744:
531:
522:
487:
259:
238:
208:
784:
775:
525:
505:
490:
442:
The reconstruction then suggests that a century later yet another writer, the
277:
273:
241:
211:
1941:
1590:
1438:
1394:
1368:
751:
740:
555:
13 You shall tear down their altars, break their pillars, and cut down their
543:
534:
512:
443:
380:
269:
262:
245:
215:
144:
886:
17 Three times in the year all your males shall appear before the Lord God.
508:, where it is associated with the Ten Commandments of Deuteronomy 5, and in
1777:
1448:
Ancient Israel's Faith and History: An Introduction To the Bible In Context
1287:
556:
1430:
1360:
617:
376:
of distinguishing between alternate inscriptions of the ten commandments.
1919:
1784:
1689:
1684:
1279:
Coogan, Michael David; Marc Zvi Brettler; Carol A. Newsom, eds. (2007).
1160:
translated and abridged by Moshe Greenberg. New York: Shocken Press. 166
472:
with you and with Israel. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the
1713:
1701:
436:
258:, contrasted the "Ritual" Decalogue with the "Ethical" Decalogue of
1546:
1515:
The Religion of Israel, From Its Beginnings To the Babylonian Exile
1223:
Jewish and Islamic Philosophy: Crosspollinations in the Classic Age
1158:
The Religion of Israel: from its beginnings to the Babylonian Exile
1176:
Second Edition. Philadelphia: the Westminster Press. 142, 164, 166
379:
The commandments in the Ritual Decalogue are expanded upon in the
432:
413:
405:
1517:. trans. Moshe Greenberg. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1884:
1069:, 1753) and the anonymous Greek author of the late-5th-century
716:
20 Neither shall you bear false witness against your neighbor.
323:
The Ritual Decalogue is framed in the context of God making a
1894:
1674:
333:
149:
1288:
Cross, Frank Leslie; Elizabeth A. Livingstone, eds. (1997).
1491:
The Tenth Generation: The Origins of the Biblical Tradition
1269:
666:
16 You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
1624:
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
818:
32 You shall make no covenant with them and their gods.
1654:
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour
693:
13 For six days you shall labour and do all your work.
354:
And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant,
1215:
Struggling with God: An Introduction to the Pentateuch
1117:
The Hebrew Bible: A Brief Socio-Literary Introduction.
645:
9 For six days you shall labour and do all your work.
1327:
The Hebrew Bible: A Brief Socio-Literary Introduction
287:
comes from the Greek name for the Ten Commandments,
1152:
1150:
404:identifies the Ritual Decalogue as the work of the
1540:The Ritual Decalogue versus the Ethical Decalogue,
1488:
1419:Zeitschrift fĂĽr die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
1375:
1349:Zeitschrift fĂĽr die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
1289:
1270:Alexander, T. Desmond; David Weston Baker (2003).
1939:
1380:. Society of Biblical Literature. HarperCollins.
1147:
857:15b No one shall appear before me empty-handed.
854:20b No one shall appear before me empty-handed.
1263:Etched in Stone: The Emergence of the Decalogue
911:You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk.
901:You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk.
1619:Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image
1562:
1495:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1292:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
1168:
1166:
1136:
1134:
780:parallel section of the Large Covenant Code,
642:8 Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy.
597:, the first fruits of wheat harvest, and the
184:
587:No one shall appear before me empty-handed.
495:
367:identifies an explicit set of commandments.
309:
302:
301:; "ten terms"), a translation of the Hebrew
231:
1450:. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.
1338:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
1272:Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch
1265:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
1221:, 2008, p. 9. See also Goodman, Lenn Evan.
295:
288:
1569:
1555:
1486:
1445:
1163:
1131:
1033:
1031:
970:
726:
675:7 you shall have no other gods before me.
191:
177:
1629:Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
1472:. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
1320:. Jewish Theological Seminary of America.
1207:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1763:Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain
1509:
1464:
1412:
1342:
1336:Studies in the semiotics of Biblical law
1324:
1312:
1300:
1081:The Old Testament in the light of to-day
626:3 Do not have any other gods before me.
1614:Thou shalt have no other gods before me
1393:
1333:
1041:
1028:
1007:
1005:
412:, and the Covenant Code as that of the
14:
1940:
1387:Introduction to reading the Pentateuch
1296:(3 ed.). Oxford University Press.
1092:Richard N. Soulen, R. Kendall Soulen.
1079:, vol. 28, p. 83; William Badè, 1915.
1014:
710:18 Neither shall you commit adultery.
481:
1755:Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law
1747:Moses and his Ethiopian wife Zipporah
1550:
1260:
1122:
1733:(Sistine Chapel, 1481-1482 painting)
1576:
1142:The Oldest Document of the Hexateuch
1002:
731:Some scholars, calling attention to
1384:
318:
303:
227:
24:
1406:
832:17 You shall not make cast idols.
660:14 You shall not commit adultery.
571:17 You shall not make cast idols.
370:
25:
1984:
1532:
1318:The Israelian heritage of Judaism
114:Thou shalt not bear false witness
1634:Honour thy father and thy mother
1417:of the Documentary Hypothesis".
1376:Mays, James Luther, ed. (1988).
1347:of the Documentary Hypothesis".
218:and are followed by the phrase "
214:. These laws are similar to the
94:Honour thy father and thy mother
49:
1254:
1241:
1232:
1198:
1189:
1179:
1109:
1099:
1086:
27:List of laws at Exodus 34:11–26
1644:Thou shalt not commit adultery
1487:Mendenhall, George E. (1973).
1446:Mendenhall, George E. (2001).
1399:Introduction to the Pentateuch
1378:HarperCollins Bible Commentary
1094:Handbook of Biblical Criticism
1077:Journal of Biblical literature
1059:
1050:
986:
925:
104:Thou shalt not commit adultery
75:No graven images or likenesses
13:
1:
1401:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
931:Occasionally also called the
918:
713:19 Neither shall you steal.
576:festival of unleavened bread
7:
496:
310:
296:
232:
10:
1989:
1283:. Oxford University Press.
1227:Edinburgh University Press
1119:Norman Gottwald, 2008:118)
763:the First Ritual Decalogue
486:Besides its appearance in
464:words; in accordance with
256:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
252:Critical biblical scholars
1877:
1794:
1722:
1667:
1601:
1584:
1466:Friedman, Richard Elliott
1334:Jackson, Bernard (2000).
1325:Gottwald, Norman (2008).
1302:Friedman, Richard Elliott
961:Decalogue of Exodus xxxiv
707:17 You shall not murder.
657:13 You shall not murder.
601:at the turn of the year.
593:22 You shall observe the
289:
1741:(c. 1513–1515 sculpture)
1731:Descent from Mount Sinai
1385:Ska, Jean Louis (2006).
1261:Aaron, David H. (2006).
1140:Julius Morgenstern 1927
663:15 You shall not steal.
340:I hereby make a covenant
315:"the ten items/terms").
89:Remember the sabbath day
1749:(c. 1645-1650 painting)
1306:Commentary on the Torah
1219:Mercer University Press
1156:Yehezkel Kaufmann 1960
945:Cultic Ten Commandments
941:Ritual Ten Commandments
727:Covenant codes compared
599:festival of ingathering
70:No other gods before me
1963:Jewish law and rituals
1958:Documentary hypothesis
620:in its mother's milk.
574:18 You shall keep the
476:, the ten commandments
402:documentary hypothesis
1973:Religious terminology
1819:Les Dix Commandements
1609:I am the Lord thy God
1431:10.1515/zatw.2002.011
1361:10.1515/zatw.2002.011
1308:. HarperSanFrancisco.
771:Small Covenant Code,
616:You shall not boil a
460:said to Moses, Write
207:is a list of laws at
1890:In Catholic theology
1867:The Ten Commandments
1851:The Ten Commandments
1835:The Ten Commandments
1827:The Ten Commandments
1811:The Ten Commandments
1803:The Ten Commandments
1680:Biblical Mount Sinai
1659:Thou shalt not covet
1649:Thou shalt not steal
1470:Who Wrote the Bible?
1274:. InterVarsity Pres.
1238:Aaron (2006:306–307)
1047:Levinson (July 2002)
937:Ceremonial Decalogue
356:the ten commandments
165:In Catholic theology
119:Thou shalt not covet
109:Thou shalt not steal
1927:Ethics in the Bible
1697:Ark of the Covenant
1639:Thou shalt not kill
1174:A History of Israel
965:Small Covenant Code
957:Exodus-34 Decalogue
539:Ethical Decalogue,
530:Ethical Decalogue,
482:Decalogues compared
155:Ark of the Covenant
99:Thou shalt not kill
1948:Biblical criticism
1910:Seven Laws of Noah
1511:Kaufmann, Yehezkel
1395:Whybray, R. Norman
1247:Ginsberg (1982:46)
1072:TĂĽbingen Theosophy
761:, which he called
521:Ritual Decalogue,
468:words I have made
385:biblical criticism
1935:
1934:
1915:Great Commandment
1837:(2006 miniseries)
1329:. Fortress Press.
1172:John Bright 1972
953:Yahwist Decalogue
916:
915:
724:
723:
595:festival of weeks
418:Kingdom of Israel
201:
200:
16:(Redirected from
1980:
1968:Ten Commandments
1905:613 commandments
1781:(1968 sculptures
1773:(1962 sculpture)
1595:Ritual Decalogue
1587:Tablets of Stone
1578:Ten Commandments
1571:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1528:
1506:
1494:
1483:
1461:
1442:
1402:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1295:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1248:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1213:McEntire, Mark.
1211:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1154:
1145:
1138:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1113:
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1103:
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1063:
1057:
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1045:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1023:
1012:
1009:
1000:
990:
984:
974:
968:
933:Cultic Decalogue
929:
908:
768:
767:
738:
518:
517:
501:also appears in
499:
497:aseret ha-dvarîm
459:
448:a later redactor
410:Kingdom of Judah
365:Ten Commandments
319:Biblical context
313:
311:aseret ha-dvarîm
306:
305:
299:
292:
291:
235:
233:aseret ha-dvarîm
229:
220:Ten Commandments
205:Ritual Decalogue
193:
186:
179:
140:Ritual Decalogue
135:Tablets of Stone
127:Related articles
83:
64:
53:
43:Ten Commandments
30:
29:
21:
18:Ritual decalogue
1988:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1873:
1790:
1757:(1659 painting)
1718:
1663:
1597:
1580:
1575:
1535:
1525:
1503:
1480:
1458:
1409:
1407:Further reading
1257:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1184:
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1164:
1155:
1148:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1067:Biblia Hebraica
1064:
1060:
1055:
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1029:
1024:
1015:
1010:
1003:
991:
987:
975:
971:
930:
926:
921:
906:
736:
729:
484:
457:
429:Priestly source
373:
371:Interpretations
332:Yahweh said to
321:
197:
84:'s name in vain
81:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1986:
1976:
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1965:
1960:
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1829:(2004 musical)
1823:
1821:(2000 musical)
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1759:
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1709:Book of Exodus
1706:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1693:
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1534:
1533:External links
1531:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1507:
1501:
1484:
1478:
1462:
1456:
1443:
1425:(2): 212–223.
1408:
1405:
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1403:
1391:
1389:. Eisenbrauns.
1382:
1373:
1355:(2): 212–223.
1340:
1331:
1322:
1314:Ginsberg, H.L.
1310:
1298:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1256:
1253:
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1144:HUAC volume IV
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80:Not take the L
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1596:
1592:
1591:Finger of God
1588:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1542:
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1537:
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1526:
1524:0-8052-0364-8
1520:
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1508:
1504:
1502:0-8018-1267-4
1498:
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1479:0-671-63161-6
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1457:0-664-22313-3
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1258:
1244:
1235:
1229:, 1999, p. 4.
1228:
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827:
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790:
789:
786:
783:
779:
777:
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770:
769:
766:
764:
760:
757:
753:
752:H.L. Ginsberg
749:
746:
742:
741:Covenant Code
735:, "Then the L
734:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
698:
694:
691:
688:
685:
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489:
477:
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444:Deuteronomist
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
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391:
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389:
386:
382:
381:Covenant Code
377:
368:
366:
358:
357:
351:
348:
344:
343:
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337:
335:
330:
329:
328:
327:with Israel:
326:
316:
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264:
261:
257:
253:
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217:
216:Covenant Code
213:
210:
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194:
189:
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180:
175:
174:
172:
171:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
145:Finger of God
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
132:
131:
130:
126:
125:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
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100:
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90:
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78:
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73:
71:
68:
66:
59:
58:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
1953:Biblical law
1900:Alternatives
1866:
1858:
1853:(2007 film)
1850:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1778:
1770:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1602:Commandments
1594:
1539:
1514:
1490:
1469:
1447:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1398:
1386:
1377:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1305:
1291:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1255:Bibliography
1243:
1234:
1222:
1214:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1181:
1173:
1157:
1141:
1128:Aaron (2006)
1124:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1093:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1043:
988:
972:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
910:
900:
881:
847:
825:
822:
819:
813:
809:
806:
803:
795:
762:
733:Exodus 34:10
730:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
699:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
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662:
659:
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641:
638:
635:
631:
628:
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612:
609:
606:
603:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
573:
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567:
563:
560:
557:sacred poles
554:
551:
494:
485:
473:
469:
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399:
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364:
362:
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349:
339:
331:
322:
308:
294:
284:
282:
250:
230:
204:
202:
139:
1920:Golden Rule
1869:(2016 film)
1861:(2010 film)
1845:(2007 film)
1813:(1956 film)
1805:(1923 film)
1690:Mount Horeb
1685:Mount Sinai
949:J-Decalogue
748:20:22–23:33
541:Deuteronomy
510:Deuteronomy
503:Deuteronomy
416:, from the
408:, from the
393:individual,
304:עשרת הדברים
267:Deuteronomy
228:עשרת הדברים
160:Mount Sinai
1942:Categories
1714:The Exodus
919:References
909:your God.
470:a covenant
297:déka lógoi
290:δÎκα λόγοι
61:I am the L
1439:0044-2526
1415:Pfropfung
1369:0044-2526
1345:Pfropfung
963:, or the
437:Leviticus
285:decalogue
283:The word
1543:BBC h2g2
1513:(1960).
1468:(1987).
1397:(1995).
1316:(1982).
1304:(2003).
1083:, p 89.)
776:34:11–26
759:23:10–27
526:34:11–26
474:covenant
325:covenant
212:34:11–26
35:a series
33:Part of
1878:Related
1843:The Ten
1106:212–223
535:20:2–17
433:mitzvot
414:Elohist
406:Jahwist
263:20:2–17
65:thy God
1885:Joshua
1766:(1876)
1723:In art
1668:Topics
1521:
1499:
1476:
1454:
1437:
1367:
955:, the
947:, the
943:, the
939:, the
935:, the
785:23:10–
782:Exodus
773:Exodus
756:Exodus
745:Exodus
544:5:6–21
532:Exodus
523:Exodus
488:Exodus
270:5:6–21
260:Exodus
239:Exodus
224:Hebrew
209:Exodus
37:on the
1895:Tabot
1795:Media
1779:Moses
1771:Moses
1739:Moses
1675:Moses
1038:2003)
491:34:28
466:these
462:these
456:The L
334:Moses
278:23:33
274:20:19
242:34:28
237:, in
150:Moses
1859:I Am
1519:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1435:ISSN
1365:ISSN
513:10:4
506:4:13
400:The
265:and
203:The
1785:3/3
1702:lid
1427:doi
1423:114
1357:doi
1353:114
959:or
951:or
907:ORD
737:ORD
618:kid
458:ORD
435:in
352:...
338:...
222:" (
82:ORD
63:ORD
1944::
1783:,
1593:·
1589:·
1433:.
1421:.
1363:.
1351:.
1225:,
1217:,
1165:^
1149:^
1133:^
1030:^
1016:^
1004:^
765:.
515:.
439:.
425:JE
342:.
226::
1787:)
1570:e
1563:t
1556:v
1527:.
1505:.
1482:.
1460:.
1441:.
1429::
1371:.
1359::
967:.
743:(
359:.
307:(
293:(
276:–
192:e
185:t
178:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
