717:
the distribution of the sovereign Lord of all. Therefore, no one can pervert his means to bad purposes without committing a fraud on a divine dispensation. Calvin asserts that God sees the long train of deception by which the man of craft begins to lay nets for his more simple neighbor. For Calvin, violations of this commandment are not confined to money, or merchandise, or lands, but extend to every kind of right. We defraud our neighbors to their hurt if we decline any of the duties which we are bound to perform towards them. God's wrath is incurred if an agent or an indolent steward wastes the substance of his employer, or does not give due heed to the management of his property; if he unjustly squanders or luxuriously wastes the means entrusted to him; if a servant holds his master in derision, divulges his secrets, or in any way is treacherous to his life or his goods. Likewise, a master incurs God's wrath if he cruelly torments his household, because he is guilty of theft before God; along with all who fail to deliver what he owes to others, keeps back, or makes away with what does not belong to him.
664:. Even if it does not contradict explicit provisions of civil law, any form of unjustly taking and keeping the property of others is against the seventh commandment: thus, deliberate retention of goods lent or of objects lost; business fraud; paying unjust wages; forcing up prices by taking advantage of the ignorance or hardship of another. The following are also considered morally illicit: speculation by which one contrives to manipulate the price of goods artificially in order to gain an advantage to the detriment of others; corruption in which one influences the judgment of those who must make decisions according to law; appropriation and use for private purposes of the common goods of an enterprise; work poorly done; tax evasion; forgery of checks and invoices; excessive expenses and waste. Willfully damaging private or public property is contrary to the moral law and requires reparation. In addition, Catholic teaching demands that contracts and promises be strictly observed. Injustices require restitution to the owner.
679:
Detachment from riches is portrayed as obligatory for entrance into the
Kingdom of heaven. "Blessed are the poor in spirit" represents the expectation that those who do not receive all their physical longings are more inclined to seek fulfillment of their spiritual longings through Jesus Christ. “The Lord grieves over the rich, because they find their consolation in the abundance of goods.” "I want to see God" expresses the true desire of man. The water of eternal life quenches the thirst for God. Attachment to the goods of this world are a bondage. The Scriptural remedy is the desire for true happiness that is found in seeking and finding God. Holy people must struggle, with grace from on high, to obtain the good things God promises. Faithful Christians put to death their cravings and, with the grace of God, prevail over the seductions of pleasure and power. For what does it profit a man to gain the whole world, yet lose his own soul?
47:
721:
wealth cruelly wrung from the blood of others. It should be our constant aim faithfully to lend our counsel and aid to all so as to assist them in retaining their property; or if we have to do with the perfidious or crafty, let us rather be prepared to yield somewhat of our right than to contend with them. Calvin further asserted that the individual
Christian should contribute to the relief of those observed under the pressure of difficulties, assisting their want out of one's own abundance. Calvin describes the commandment against stealing as requiring the unwavering delivery of any and all obligations:
671:, Catholic teaching holds that "if the need be so manifest and urgent, that it is evident that the present need must be remedied by whatever means be at hand (for instance when a person is in some imminent danger, and there is no other possible remedy), then it is lawful for a man to succor his own need by means of another's property, by taking it either openly or secretly: nor is this properly speaking theft or robbery". Catholic teaching also supports the doctrine of
764:
710:
promote his advantage, especially when one accepts money, wages, and one's livelihood for such service. Those who trespass this commandment may escape the hangman, but he shall not escape the wrath and punishment of God. Luther held that it must be impressed upon the young that they be careful not to follow the old lawless crowd, but keep their eyes fixed upon God's commandment, “lest His wrath and punishment come upon them too.”
280:
696:
when one overcharges a person in a trade and wantonly drives a hard bargain, skins and distresses him. ... Therefore they are also called swivel-chair robbers, land- and highway-robbers, not pick-locks and sneak-thieves who snatch away the ready cash, but who sit on the chair and are styled great noblemen, and honorable, pious citizens, and yet rob and steal under a good pretext.
410:
the jealous husband will accept no compensation and will repay the adulterer with wounds and dishonor, not sparing when his fury takes revenge. The book of
Zechariah describes God as cursing the home of the thief and the home of those who swear falsely and Jeremiah describes thieves as being shamed when they are caught.
720:
Calvin further teaches that obedience requires us to be contented with our own lot. We should desire to acquire nothing but honest and lawful gain. We should not endeavor to grow rich by injustice, nor to plunder our neighbor of his goods, that our own may thereby be increased. We must not heap up
601:
The book of 1 Corinthians asserts that thieves, swindlers, and the greedy will be excluded from the kingdom of God as sure as adulterers, idolaters, and the sexual immoral, but that those who leave these sins behind can be sanctified and justified in the name of the Lord Jesus (1 Corinthians 6:9-11).
533:
then conspired to obtain the vineyard by writing letters in Ahab's name to the elders and nobles in Naboth's town instructing them to have two scoundrels bear false witness claiming that Naboth has cursed both God and the king. After Naboth was subsequently stoned to death, Ahab seized possession of
355:
The Hebrew word translated 'steal' is more commonly applied to material possessions. Restitution may be demanded, but there is no judicial penalty of death. However, a thief may be killed if caught in the act of breaking in at night under circumstances where the occupants may reasonably be in fear of
695:
Furthermore, in the market and in common trade likewise, this practice is in full swing and force to the greatest extent, where one openly defrauds another with bad merchandise, false measures, weights, coins, and by nimbleness and queer finances or dexterous tricks takes advantage of him; likewise,
691:
describes negligence and dereliction of duty as violations of this commandment if such negligence causes one's employer to suffer loss. Likewise, laziness and unfaithfulness in one's paid employment are viewed as a fraud that is worse than the petty thefts that can be prevented with locks and bolts.
690:
ascribes this commandment to God's desire to protect private property rights. He views this commandment as prohibiting not only the taking of another's property, but all unjust and fraudulent dealing in the marketplace, workplace, or any other place where transactions are conducted. Luther further
585:
While private property rights are affirmed, the overriding theme in the New
Testament is that one should trust and hope in God rather than in one's material possessions, and there is an acknowledgement of a struggle in the heart between loving God and loving money. It is said that "the love of money
409:
The book of
Proverbs contrasts the response of a victim to a thief who steals to satisfy his hunger with the response of a jealous husband to adultery. The thief is not despised by his victim, even though the thief must make restitution even if it costs him all the goods of his house. In contrast,
405:
might tempt him to theft. In
Proverbs 9:16, the idea that stolen things are sweet and the bread (food) eaten in secret is pleasant is rebuked as foolish. Even to be partner to a thief is described as to hate one's own life – to know of wrong doing but be unable to testify to it. Likewise in Romans,
716:
explains that since injustice is an abomination to God, the intent of the commandment against stealing is that one must render to every man his due. This commandment forbids us to long after other men's goods. Calvin holds that each individual's possessions have not fallen to him by chance, but by
678:
Catholic teaching reminds that Jesus enjoins his disciples to prefer him to everything and everyone, and bids them "renounce all that " for his sake and that of the Gospel. Jesus gave his disciples the example of the poor widow of
Jerusalem who gave out of her poverty all that she had to live on.
605:
The command against stealing is seen as a natural consequence of the command to “love your neighbor as yourself.” The prohibition against desiring forbidden things is also seen as a moral imperative for the individual to exercise control over the thoughts of his mind and the desires of his heart.
550:
The New
Testament repeats the commandment not to steal, contains dire warnings about spiritual consequences of the practice, and upholds the basic ideas of private property rights and the proper role of governmental authorities in punishing thieves. Thieves are exhorted to steal no longer, but to
351:
The Hebrew Bible contains a number of prohibitions of stealing and descriptions of negative consequences for this sin. The
Genesis narrative describes Rachel as having stolen household goods from her father Laban when she fled from Laban's household with her husband Jacob and their children. Laban
709:
Martin Luther taught that it is each person's duty, at the risk of God's displeasure, not only to do no injury to his neighbor, nor to deprive him of gain, nor to perpetrate any act of unfaithfulness or malice in any bargain or trade, but faithfully to preserve his property for him, to secure and
590:
Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal, but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be
359:
In the book of
Leviticus, the prohibitions of robbing and stealing are repeated in the context of loving one's neighbor as oneself and the prohibition is expanded to include dealing falsely or fraudulently in matters of trade and negotiations. Wages owed to a hired worker are not to be withheld.
725:
Let every one, I say, thus consider what in his own place and order he owes to his neighbours, and pay what he owes. Moreover, we must always have a reference to the Lawgiver, and so remember that the law requiring us to promote and defend the interest and convenience of our fellow-men, applies
744:
This command forbids us to rob ourselves of what we have by sinful spending, or of the use and comfort of it by sinful sparing, and to rob others by removing the ancient landmarks, invading our neighbour’s rights, taking his goods from his person, or house, or field, forcibly or clandestinely,
631:
The seventh commandment forbids unjustly taking or keeping the goods of one's neighbor and wronging him in any way with respect to his goods. It commands justice and charity in the care of earthly goods and the fruits of men's labor. For the sake of the common good, it requires respect for the
612:
points out that just as "Thou shalt not kill" forbids one to injure his neighbor in his own person; and "Thou shalt not commit adultery" forbids injury to the person to whom one is bound in marriage; the Commandment, "Thou shalt not steal," forbids one to injure his neighbor in his goods.
739:
sees the prohibition on stealing as applying to the unjust taking, sinful spending, and sinful sparing. One must not take another's goods or encroach upon the boundaries of his property. One must restore what is lost. One must pay what is owed: debts, rents, wages, taxes, and tithes.
497:
Desire leads to coveting, and coveting leads to stealing. For if the owner (of the coveted object) does not wish to sell, even though he is offered a good price and is entreated to accept, the person (who covets the object) will come to steal it, as it is written
352:
hotly pursued Jacob to recover his goods, and intended to do him harm, but Rachel hid the stolen items and avoided detection. Exodus 21:16 and Deuteronomy 24:7 apply the same Hebrew word to kidnapping (stealing a man) and demands the death penalty for such a sin.
344:(1953)) suggest that commandment "you shall not steal" was originally intended against stealing people—against abductions and slavery, in agreement with the Talmudic interpretation of the statement as "you shall not kidnap" (Sanhedrin 86a).
356:
greater harm. The ancient Hebrew understanding honored private property rights and demanded restitution even in cases that might have been accidental, such as livestock grazing in another man's field or vineyard (Exodus 22:1-9 (ESV)).
745:
over-reaching in bargains, nor restoring what is borrowed or found, withholding just debts, rents, or wages, and (which is worst of all) to rob the public in the coin or revenue, or that which is dedicated to the service of religion.
360:
Neighbors must not oppress or rob each other. Neighbors are to deal frankly with each other, protect the lives of each other, refrain from vengeance and grudges, and stand up for righteousness and justice in matters that go to court.
551:
work hard with their own hands so that they might have something to share with people in need. Aquinas identifies five types of theft: by stealth, by violence, in withholding wages, fraud, and by buying positions of preferment.
493:(the Rambam) viewed stealing as one step in the progression from covetous desire to murder. When the person who owns a coveted item resists its unjust acquisition, the thief resorts to violence and may become guilty of murder.
502:
2:2) , 'They covet fields and (then) steal them.' And if the owner approaches him with a view to reclaiming his money or preventing the theft, then he will come to murder. Go and learn from the example of Achav and Navot
525:
to sell him the vineyard Naboth owned adjacent to the king's palace. Ahab wanted the land to use as a vegetable garden, but Naboth refused to sell or trade the property to Ahab saying, “The L
363:
The law obliged the thief to pay seven times (if the thief steals because he is hungry). If the thief wasn't able to pay compensation for his theft by selling his things, he was sold as a
591:
also. ... No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and money.
1680:"Catechism of the Catholic Church - Part 3: Life in Christ, Section 2: The Ten Commandments, Chapter 2: "You Shall Love Your Neighbor As Yourself, Article 9: The Ninth Commandment"
422:
or commandments, including prohibition of stealing and a number of other commandments related to the protection of private property and administration of justice in related cases.
1964:
75:
1743:
1994:
109:
1274:
186:
1959:
70:
621:
Catholic teaching regards the commandment “You shall not steal” as an expression of the commandment to love your neighbor as yourself. The
800:
232:), which are widely understood as moral imperatives by legal scholars, Jewish scholars, Catholic scholars, and Post-Reformation scholars.
1803:
1211:
578:, pretending hypocritically it would have been useful if the nard would have been sold and the money given to the poor. There were some
2110:
1909:
254:
Nevertheless, this commandment has come to be interpreted, especially in non-Jewish traditions, as the unauthorized taking of private
2070:
1969:
84:
2103:
1954:
243:. With this understanding, a contextual translation of the commandment in Jewish tradition would more accurately be rendered as "
65:
1775:
1457:
2230:
2094:
2086:
1190:
406:
rulers such as those of Sodom and Gomorrah who lust after bribes are described as detestable, corrupting their entire state.
179:
160:
1332:
2240:
1679:
1169:
248:
1232:
1148:
1749:
1062:
1019:
994:
969:
1482:
1253:
2174:
2166:
872:
858:
827:
323:
474:
481. The court must implement laws against the one who assaults another or damages another's property (Exodus 21:8)
305:
2190:
2150:
2142:
1974:
1503:
879:
623:
236:
172:
89:
2206:
2198:
2158:
1984:
1902:
1870:
633:
290:
99:
1545:
567:
1411:
1523:
1367:
915:
1136:
20:
1294:
1114:
1305:
1444:
1422:
904:
2298:
2288:
1895:
1378:
1316:
30:
1103:
1748:. Translated by Bente, F.; Dau, W.H.T. Concordia Publishing House. pp. 565–773. Archived from
1703:
804:
204:
1714:
1649:
1400:
1389:
1092:
1725:
1660:
1433:
648:
Catholic teaching states that in economic matters, respect for human dignity requires practicing
301:
1865:
521:
refers to the narrative in 1 Kings 21 in which King Ahab of Israel tried to convince Naboth the
374:
his sin, he was allowed to return the object, adding a fifth of its price and he brought to the
878:
1807:
297:
1949:
371:
56:
397:
In Proverbs, the otherwise unknown Agur requests the Lord not make him poor or rich fearing
2078:
1999:
850:
782:
440:
469. Each individual must ensure that his scales and weights are accurate (Leviticus 19:36)
387:
114:
46:
8:
2267:
2037:
2020:
1979:
769:
672:
649:
155:
150:
94:
529:
forbid that I should give up to you what I have inherited from my fathers!” Ahab's wife
2250:
777:
2255:
1058:
1015:
990:
965:
868:
854:
842:
823:
1779:
1461:
2245:
1935:
1927:
1918:
1842:
1608:
1566:
787:
221:
135:
130:
38:
450:
472. Not to move a boundary marker to steal someone's property (Deuteronomy 19:14)
1882:
1336:
479:
336:
Significant voices of academic theologians (such as German Old Testament scholar
444:
471. Not to possess inaccurate scales and weights even if they are not for use (
2293:
2182:
2049:
1683:
668:
609:
559:
435:
383:
1356:
2282:
1931:
1629:
736:
687:
499:
229:
140:
656:, a virtue that preserves our neighbors rights and renders what is due; and
462:
476. Not to covet and scheme to acquire another's possession (Exodus 20:14)
2118:
1587:
846:
555:
337:
263:
1012:
Making moral decisions: a Christian approach to personal and social ethics
19:
This article is about the Commandment. For the Dick and Dee Dee song, see
2260:
2125:
2030:
2025:
713:
661:
445:
419:
391:
1041:
2054:
2042:
1875:
657:
522:
490:
483:
1609:"SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: Theft and robbery (Secunda Secundae Partis, Q. 66)"
442:
470. Not to commit injustice with scales and weights (Leviticus 19:35)
579:
575:
453:
427:
987:
Renewal theology: systematic theology from a charismatic perspective
460:
475. Not to withhold wages or fail to repay a debt (Leviticus 19:13)
308:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1887:
1534:
1053:
Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Fishbane, Michael, eds. (2004).
434:
468. The court must implement punitive measures against the thief (
255:
1125:
262:), which is a wrongful action already prohibited elsewhere in the
235:"Steal" in this commandment has traditionally been interpreted by
1821:
1588:"Question 122. The precepts of justice - II-II, Q. cxxii, Art. 6"
763:
653:
571:
530:
398:
2225:
1866:
Tanakh (Holy Scriptures), Jewish Publication Society (JPS) 1917
1034:
586:
is a root of all kinds of evils" (1 Timothy 6:6-10). And also:
539:
518:
375:
240:
239:
to refer to the stealing of an actual human being, that is, to
934:(2nd ed.). Onter-varsity Press. 1982. pp. 1174–1175.
880:"Part 3: The Seventh Commandment (Thou shalt not steal)"
2235:
2015:
1333:"PARASHAT YITRO The Tenth Commandment: "You Shall Not Covet""
682:
563:
402:
379:
364:
259:
225:
215:
145:
1335:. The Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash. Archived from
1843:"Catechism of the Catholic Church - The fourth commandment"
1567:"Catechism of the Catholic Church: The seventh commandment"
514:
466:
478. Return the robbed object or its value (Leviticus 5:23)
382:
without blemish out of the flock, or its equivalent, for a
464:
477. Not to desire another's possession (Deuteronomy 5:18)
1275:"Isaiah1.23, Jeremiah7.8-11, Romans2.21-22 ESV;NIVUK;ASV"
1078:
Goodrick, Edward W.; Kohlenberger, John R. (1981-05-01).
582:
like Judas: they stole, although preaching not to steal.
251:
and thus merit its inclusion among the Ten Commandments.
1965:
Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain
1995:
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour
652:, a virtue that moderates attachment to worldly goods;
1052:
801:"Matthew Henry Concise Commentary of the Whole Bible"
1077:
887:. Translated by James Donovan. Lucas Brothers. 1829.
759:
513:
Maimonides’ admonition to learn from the example of
228:(known to Christians as the first five books of the
468:
479. Not to ignore a lost object (Deuteronomy 22:3)
964:. Vol. H–I. CrossAmerica Books. p. 117.
266:that does not ordinarily incur the death penalty.
1460:. Eternal Word Television Network. Archived from
574:; he objected when Mary anointed Jesus with pure
2280:
925:
923:
1798:
1796:
1960:Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image
1871:Explanation of Torah, Mishnah, Talmud versions
636:and respect for the right to private property.
542:pronounces judgment on both Ahab and Jezebel.
470:480. Return the lost object (Deuteronomy 22:1)
1903:
1806:. Gods Ten Laws. June 8, 2009. Archived from
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1326:
1324:
962:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
920:
180:
1793:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1630:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Occult Compensation"
1212:"Proverbs30.1-9, Prov 1.10-19 ESV;NIVUK;ASV"
562:, who took secretly his part from the money
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
534:Naboth's vineyard. The text describes the L
1910:
1896:
1665:
1321:
683:Reformation and post-reformation doctrines
616:
187:
173:
1970:Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy
1763:
1730:
820:The Holy Bible, English Standard Version.
545:
538:as very angry with Ahab, and the prophet
324:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:One of the Ten Commandments (Exod. 20:15)
2104:Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain
1550:
1057:. Oxford University Press. p. 150.
984:
960:Bromiley, Geoffrey W., ed. (July 1997).
959:
949:. Harvard University Press. p. 322.
853:, eds. Zondervan. Grand Rapids, MI, USA
458:474. Not to rob openly (Leviticus 19:13)
1955:Thou shalt have no other gods before me
1009:
2281:
1741:
944:
347:The Hebrew word translated 'steal' is
247:". Kidnapping would then constitute a
2096:Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law
2088:Moses and his Ethiopian wife Zipporah
1891:
1458:"Explanation of the Ten Commandments"
885:The catechism of the Council of Trent
2074:(Sistine Chapel, 1481-1482 painting)
1917:
1804:"Matthew Henry-Commandment 8 (VIII)"
822:2007. Crossway Bibles, Wheaton, IL.
726:equally to our minds and our hands.
426:467. Not to steal money stealthily (
390:for him before the Lord, and he was
342:Das Verbot des Diebstahls im Dekalog
273:
208:
1455:
989:. Zondervan Academic. p. 240.
13:
1191:"Lev6.1-7, Num5.5-8 ESV;NIVUK;ASV"
1038:
793:
413:
378:as his compensation to the Lord a
14:
2310:
1859:
1330:
1170:"Exodus22.2-3 ESV;NIVUK;ASV;RMNN"
865:Catechism of the Catholic Church.
110:Thou shalt not bear false witness
1975:Honour thy father and thy mother
1883:John Wesley’s notes on the Bible
1877:Catechism of the Catholic Church
1776:"8. EXPOSITION OF THE MORAL LAW"
762:
642:Catechism of the Catholic Church
624:Catechism of the Catholic Church
278:
269:
90:Honour thy father and thy mother
45:
1835:
1814:
1719:
1708:
1697:
1654:
1643:
1622:
1601:
1580:
1539:
1528:
1517:
1496:
1475:
1449:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1405:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1361:
1350:
1310:
1299:
1288:
1267:
1246:
1233:"Proverbs9.16-17 ESV;NIVUK;ASV"
1225:
1204:
1183:
1162:
1141:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1097:
1086:
1071:
1985:Thou shalt not commit adultery
1778:. Spurgeon.org. Archived from
1046:
1028:
1014:. Fortress Press. p. 24.
1003:
978:
953:
938:
909:
898:
634:universal destination of goods
100:Thou shalt not commit adultery
71:No graven images or likenesses
1:
1254:"Proverbs29.24 ESV;NIVUK;ASV"
892:
1080:The Niv Complete Concordance
985:Williams, J. Rodman (1996).
216:
7:
1483:"Ioan 12.3-8 ESV;NIVUK;ASV"
945:Posner, Richard A. (2008).
755:
304:the claims made and adding
21:Thou Shalt Not Steal (song)
10:
2315:
1504:"Rom2.17-21 ESV;NIVUK;ASV"
867:2003. Doubleday Religion.
18:
2218:
2135:
2063:
2008:
1942:
1925:
1822:"Bible - Catholic Online"
1745:The Large Catechism (VII)
1682:. Vatican. Archived from
1010:Jersild, Paul T. (1991).
660:, in accordance with the
2082:(c. 1513–1515 sculpture)
2072:Descent from Mount Sinai
558:thief is personified by
85:Remember the sabbath day
2090:(c. 1645-1650 painting)
1742:Luther, Martin (1921).
617:Roman Catholic doctrine
570:raised for helping the
386:; and the priest made
66:No other gods before me
1055:The Jewish Study Bible
863:U.S. Catholic Church.
753:
734:
707:
646:
599:
546:New Testament doctrine
511:
488:
418:Jewish law enumerates
2160:Les Dix Commandements
1950:I am the Lord thy God
1456:Aquinas, St. Thomas.
1331:Samet, Rav Elchanan.
742:
723:
693:
629:
588:
495:
424:
245:Thou shalt not kidnap
2231:In Catholic theology
2208:The Ten Commandments
2192:The Ten Commandments
2176:The Ten Commandments
2168:The Ten Commandments
2152:The Ten Commandments
2144:The Ten Commandments
2021:Biblical Mount Sinai
2000:Thou shalt not covet
1990:Thou shalt not steal
1546:1 Corinthians 6:9–11
932:New Bible Dictionary
930:"Ten Commandments".
839:The NIV Study Bible.
833:New Jerusalem Bible.
783:You shall not murder
452:473. Not to kidnap (
201:Thou shalt not steal
161:In Catholic theology
115:Thou shalt not covet
105:Thou shalt not steal
2268:Ethics in the Bible
2038:Ark of the Covenant
1980:Thou shalt not kill
845:, Burdick, Donald;
770:Christianity portal
703:The Large Catechism
673:occult compensation
237:Jewish commentaries
151:Ark of the Covenant
95:Thou shalt not kill
2251:Seven Laws of Noah
1412:1 Corinthians 6:10
916:Deuteronomy 5:1–23
851:Youngblood, Ronald
849:; Wessel, Walter;
807:on August 31, 1999
778:Seven Laws of Noah
289:possibly contains
2276:
2275:
2256:Great Commandment
2178:(2006 miniseries)
1149:"Proverbs6.30-31"
1137:Leviticus 19:9–17
334:
333:
326:
291:original research
214:
197:
196:
2306:
2299:Biblical phrases
2289:Ten Commandments
2246:613 commandments
2122:(1968 sculptures
2114:(1962 sculpture)
1936:Ritual Decalogue
1928:Tablets of Stone
1919:Ten Commandments
1912:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1772:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1739:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1676:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1563:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1524:1 Timothy 6:6–10
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1368:1 Kings 21:20–23
1365:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1328:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:Proverbs 6:29–35
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:Deuteronomy 24:7
1112:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1007:
1001:
1000:
982:
976:
975:
957:
951:
950:
947:How Judges Think
942:
936:
935:
927:
918:
913:
907:
902:
888:
882:
816:
814:
812:
803:. Archived from
788:Ten Commandments
772:
767:
766:
751:
732:
705:
644:
597:
537:
528:
509:
486:
329:
322:
318:
315:
309:
306:inline citations
282:
281:
274:
222:Ten Commandments
220:) is one of the
219:
213:romanized:
212:
210:
189:
182:
175:
136:Ritual Decalogue
131:Tablets of Stone
123:Related articles
79:
60:
49:
39:Ten Commandments
26:
25:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2214:
2131:
2098:(1659 painting)
2059:
2004:
1938:
1921:
1916:
1862:
1857:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1740:
1731:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1698:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1666:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1535:Matthew 6:19–24
1533:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1507:
1506:. Bible Gateway
1502:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1485:. Bible Gateway
1481:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1311:
1306:Zechariah 5:1–4
1304:
1300:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1277:. Bible Gateway
1273:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1257:
1256:. Bible Gateway
1252:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1235:. Bible Gateway
1231:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1215:
1214:. Bible Gateway
1210:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1193:. Bible Gateway
1189:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1172:. Bible Gateway
1168:
1167:
1163:
1154:
1152:
1151:. Bible Gateway
1147:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1051:
1047:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1008:
1004:
997:
983:
979:
972:
958:
954:
943:
939:
929:
928:
921:
914:
910:
903:
899:
895:
877:
843:Barker, Kenneth
810:
808:
799:
796:
794:Further reading
768:
761:
758:
752:
749:
733:
730:
706:
701:Martin Luther,
700:
685:
645:
640:
619:
598:
596:Matthew 6:19-24
595:
548:
535:
526:
510:
507:
487:
480:Sefer Hamitzvot
478:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
451:
449:
443:
441:
439:
431:
416:
414:Jewish doctrine
330:
319:
313:
310:
295:
283:
279:
272:
249:capital offence
205:Biblical Hebrew
193:
80:'s name in vain
77:
58:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2312:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2170:(2004 musical)
2164:
2162:(2000 musical)
2156:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2050:Book of Exodus
2047:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1860:External links
1858:
1856:
1855:
1834:
1824:. Catholic.org
1813:
1810:on 2009-06-08.
1792:
1762:
1729:
1718:
1707:
1696:
1664:
1653:
1642:
1621:
1600:
1579:
1549:
1538:
1527:
1516:
1495:
1474:
1448:
1445:Ephesians 4:28
1437:
1426:
1415:
1404:
1393:
1382:
1371:
1360:
1349:
1320:
1309:
1298:
1287:
1266:
1245:
1224:
1203:
1182:
1161:
1140:
1129:
1118:
1107:
1096:
1085:
1070:
1064:978-0195297515
1063:
1045:
1027:
1021:978-0800624712
1020:
1002:
996:978-0310209140
995:
977:
971:978-1568654140
970:
952:
937:
919:
908:
905:Exodus 20:1–21
896:
894:
891:
890:
889:
875:
861:
836:
830:
817:
795:
792:
791:
790:
785:
780:
774:
773:
757:
754:
747:
728:
698:
684:
681:
669:Thomas Aquinas
638:
618:
615:
610:Thomas Aquinas
593:
547:
544:
505:
476:
415:
412:
384:guilt offering
332:
331:
286:
284:
277:
271:
268:
224:of the Jewish
195:
194:
192:
191:
184:
177:
169:
166:
165:
164:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
125:
124:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
76:Not take the L
73:
68:
63:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2311:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:Finger of God
1929:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1844:
1838:
1823:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1782:on 2014-10-20
1781:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1752:on 2015-07-24
1751:
1747:
1746:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1700:
1686:on 2007-09-28
1685:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1646:
1631:
1625:
1610:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1484:
1478:
1464:on 2019-01-09
1463:
1459:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1379:Matthew 19:18
1375:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1353:
1339:on 2015-03-15
1338:
1334:
1327:
1325:
1318:
1317:Jeremiah 2:26
1313:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1255:
1249:
1234:
1228:
1213:
1207:
1192:
1186:
1171:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1126:Exodus 22:1–9
1122:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1042:Sanhedrin 86a
1036:
1031:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1006:
998:
992:
988:
981:
973:
967:
963:
956:
948:
941:
933:
926:
924:
917:
912:
906:
901:
897:
886:
881:
876:
874:
873:0-385-50819-0
870:
866:
862:
860:
859:0-310-92709-9
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
837:
834:
831:
829:
828:1-58134-379-5
825:
821:
818:
806:
802:
798:
797:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
765:
760:
750:Matthew Henry
746:
741:
738:
737:Matthew Henry
727:
722:
718:
715:
711:
704:
697:
692:
689:
688:Martin Luther
680:
676:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
643:
637:
635:
628:
626:
625:
614:
611:
607:
603:
592:
587:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
543:
541:
532:
524:
520:
516:
504:
501:
494:
492:
485:
481:
475:
472:
455:
447:
437:
432:
429:
423:
421:
411:
407:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
370:If the thief
368:
366:
361:
357:
353:
350:
345:
343:
339:
328:
325:
317:
314:November 2018
307:
303:
299:
293:
292:
287:This section
285:
276:
275:
270:Ancient usage
267:
265:
261:
258:(stealing or
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
230:Old Testament
227:
223:
218:
206:
202:
190:
185:
183:
178:
176:
171:
170:
168:
167:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
141:Finger of God
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
127:
126:
122:
121:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
55:
54:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
2241:Alternatives
2207:
2199:
2194:(2007 film)
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2119:
2111:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
1989:
1943:Commandments
1876:
1847:. Retrieved
1845:. Vatican.va
1837:
1826:. Retrieved
1816:
1808:the original
1784:. Retrieved
1780:the original
1754:. Retrieved
1750:the original
1744:
1721:
1710:
1699:
1688:. Retrieved
1684:the original
1656:
1645:
1634:. Retrieved
1632:. New Advent
1624:
1613:. Retrieved
1611:. New Advent
1603:
1592:. Retrieved
1590:. New Advent
1582:
1571:. Retrieved
1569:. Vatican.va
1541:
1530:
1519:
1508:. Retrieved
1498:
1487:. Retrieved
1477:
1466:. Retrieved
1462:the original
1451:
1440:
1429:
1423:1 Peter 4:15
1418:
1407:
1396:
1385:
1374:
1363:
1357:1 Kings 21:4
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:the original
1312:
1301:
1290:
1279:. Retrieved
1269:
1258:. Retrieved
1248:
1237:. Retrieved
1227:
1216:. Retrieved
1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1185:
1174:. Retrieved
1164:
1153:. Retrieved
1143:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1104:Exodus 21:15
1099:
1088:
1082:. Zondervan.
1079:
1073:
1054:
1048:
1030:
1011:
1005:
986:
980:
961:
955:
946:
940:
931:
911:
900:
884:
864:
838:
832:
819:
809:. Retrieved
805:the original
743:
735:
724:
719:
712:
708:
702:
694:
686:
677:
666:
647:
641:
630:
622:
620:
608:
604:
600:
589:
584:
556:hypocritical
553:
549:
512:
496:
489:
473:
433:
425:
417:
408:
396:
369:
362:
358:
354:
348:
346:
341:
335:
320:
311:
288:
264:Hebrew Bible
253:
244:
234:
217:Lōʾ tig̲nōb̲
209:לֹא תִּגְנֹב
200:
198:
104:
2261:Golden Rule
2210:(2016 film)
2202:(2010 film)
2186:(2007 film)
2154:(1956 film)
2146:(1923 film)
2031:Mount Horeb
2026:Mount Sinai
1704:Matthew 5:3
811:October 29,
731:John Calvin
714:John Calvin
662:Golden Rule
446:Deuteronomy
420:613 Mitzvot
156:Mount Sinai
2283:Categories
2055:The Exodus
1849:2015-02-25
1828:2015-02-25
1786:2015-02-25
1756:2015-02-25
1715:John 14:14
1690:2022-08-30
1650:Luke 14:33
1636:2022-08-30
1615:2022-08-30
1594:2022-08-30
1573:2022-08-30
1510:2022-08-30
1489:2022-08-30
1468:2022-08-30
1401:Luke 18:20
1390:Mark 10:19
1343:2022-08-30
1281:2022-08-30
1260:2022-08-29
1239:2022-08-29
1218:2022-08-29
1197:2022-08-29
1176:2022-08-29
1155:2022-08-29
1093:Genesis 31
893:References
847:Stek, John
667:Following
658:solidarity
650:temperance
523:Jezreelite
508:Maimonides
491:Maimonides
484:Maimonides
298:improve it
57:I am the L
1726:Mark 8:36
1661:Luke 21:4
1434:Romans 13
580:Pharisees
454:Exodus 20
428:Leviticus
388:atonement
372:confessed
302:verifying
756:See also
748:—
729:—
699:—
639:—
627:states:
594:—
568:apostles
566:and the
506:—
477:—
392:forgiven
256:property
31:a series
29:Part of
2219:Related
2184:The Ten
654:justice
531:Jezebel
399:poverty
296:Please
61:thy God
2226:Joshua
2107:(1876)
2064:In art
2009:Topics
1061:
1035:Talmud
1018:
993:
968:
871:
857:
841:1995.
826:
540:Elijah
519:Naboth
448:25:13)
438:21:37)
436:Exodus
430:19:11)
376:priest
338:A. Alt
241:kidnap
33:on the
2294:Theft
2236:Tabot
2136:Media
2120:Moses
2112:Moses
2080:Moses
2016:Moses
564:Jesus
560:Judas
500:Mikha
403:greed
365:slave
349:gneva
260:theft
226:Torah
146:Moses
2200:I Am
1059:ISBN
1016:ISBN
991:ISBN
966:ISBN
869:ISBN
855:ISBN
835:1985
824:ISBN
813:2009
576:nard
572:poor
554:The
517:and
515:Ahab
456::13)
2126:3/3
2043:lid
536:ORD
527:ORD
482:by
401:or
380:ram
300:by
203:" (
78:ORD
59:ORD
2285::
2124:,
1934:·
1930:·
1795:^
1765:^
1732:^
1667:^
1552:^
1323:^
1039:b.
1037:,
922:^
883:.
675:.
394:.
367:.
340::
211:,
207::
2128:)
1911:e
1904:t
1897:v
1852:.
1831:.
1789:.
1759:.
1693:.
1639:.
1618:.
1597:.
1576:.
1513:.
1492:.
1471:.
1346:.
1284:.
1263:.
1242:.
1221:.
1200:.
1179:.
1158:.
1067:.
1024:.
999:.
974:.
815:.
503:.
498:(
327:)
321:(
316:)
312:(
294:.
199:"
188:e
181:t
174:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
