2490:
1134:
1799:, the second caliph, the people of Yemen revolted once again under the leadership of a man named Ghayth ibn Abd Yaghuth. The avowed aim of the rebels was to drive the Muslims out of Yemen by assassinating Fairuz and other key Muslim leaders. Fairuz somehow escaped and took shelter in the mountains in June or July 632. For the next six months, Fairuz remained in his stronghold, during which time he was joined by thousands of Yemeni Muslims. When he felt strong enough, Fairuz marched to San'a and defeated Qays, who retreated with his remaining men northeast to Abyan, where they all surrendered and were subsequently pardoned by the caliph. On the other side,
1309:
1092:. Khalid led a fast column in pursuit of rebel commander Uyaina, who had fled to the south-east with his clan of Bani Fazara and some elements of the Bani Asad led by Uyaina as far as Ghamra, 60 miles away. After several clashes, Islamic tradition has it that Uyaina at this point became disillusioned regarding the prophethood of Tulayha, even though he supposedly remained defiant and unrepentant at the same time. It is alleged that Khalid personally engaged the bodyguards of Uyaina in combat, before he had Uyaina taken as prisoner. The remnants of rival prophet claimant Tulayha's army retreated to Ghamra, 20 miles from Buzakha, and were defeated in the
1028:
Abu Bakr and the
Medinan army could not catch up to the battle in the outskirts of Medina due to their untrained camels, so they had to wait until the next day to gather momentum for the second strike. These pack camels, being untrained for battle, bolted when Hibal, the rebel commander at Zhu Hussa, made a surprise attack from the hills; as a result, the Muslims could not control their untrained camels and decided to retreat toward Medina, and the rebels recaptured the outposts that they lost a few days earlier. The Medinans then regrouped their forces to prepare to engage the rebels in the
1245:
1264:. This relationship was established through the Kingdom of Hira. A kingdom that was an extension of Persia in the Arabian Peninsula. Persian traders passed through several regions first to reach Hirah. Bani Tamim played a role in maintaining the security of Persian trade caravans that crossed the Arabian Peninsula. Meanwhile, due to their adherence to Christian religion, the Tamim tribe also develop close relationship with the Christians in the Euphrates region and northern Syria. The Yarbu branch which Sajah hailed from has monopoly in
39:
1085:, was a devout Muslim. Adi was appointed by Abu Bakr to negotiate with the tribal elders to withdraw their contingent from Tulayha's army. The negotiations were a success, and Adi brought with him 500 horsemen of his tribe to reinforce Khalid's army. Khalid next marched against another rebel tribe, Jadila. Here again Adi ibn Hatim offered his services to persuade the tribe to submit without bloodshed. Bani Jadila submitted, and their 1000 warriors joined Khalid's army.
353:
342:
328:
291:
932:, to deal with the various rebel groups across Arabia. The battles which he had fought recently against the rebel concentrations at Zhu Qissa and Abraq were, according to tradition, defensive actions to protect Medina and discourage further offensives by the enemy. These actions enabled Abu Bakr to secure a base from which he could fight the major campaign that lay ahead, thus gaining time for the preparation and launching of his main forces.
868:
1753:
2189:
1382:(call to prayer) to each party they met. Zirrar bin Azwar, a squadron leader, arrested the family of Malik, claiming they did not answer the call to prayer. Malik avoided direct contact with Khalid's army and ordered his followers to scatter, and he and his family apparently moved away across the desert. He refused to give zakat, differentiating between prayer and zakat.
1363:. As soon as Malik heard of the death of Muhammad, he gave back all the tax to his tribespeople, saying, "Now you are the owner of your wealth." Most scholars agreed that he was adhering to the normal beliefs of the Arabs of his time in which they could cease to pledge their allegiance to a tribe upon the death of its Sheikh.
1284:. However, Her proclamation was not entirely successful, as although the Taghlib tribe under Hudhayl ibn 'Imran pledge their allegiance by abandoning Christianity, majority of the Tamim confederation branches rejected her call, which made Sajah gave up hope of getting the support from the majority of her own kinsmen. As the
1696:
prompted al-Ash'ath to lead his men and their families to barricade in the fortress of al-Nujayr, where they were besieged by the Muslim forces. Al-Ash'ath secured safe passage for a number of his relatives, but the rest of the besieged fighters were executed. He was spared but taken captive and sent
1577:
revolted against Fairuz. At first, Amr and Qays supported the caliphate suppression of Aswad rebellion. However, both Amr and Qays later revolted against the caliphate as both did not agree with new administrator appointed by the caliph, thus they seceded from leadership of Farwah, who acted as their
1505:
Hudaifa was appointed governor of Oman, and set about the re-establishment of law and order. Ikrimah, having no local administrative responsibility, used his corps to subdue the area around Daba, and, in a number of small actions, succeeded in breaking the resistance of those Azd who had continued to
1027:
Since all horses and trained camels were brought by main army to Balqa, tradition has it that Abu Bakr and the rest of the Haras forces that were left in the capital had to resort to fighting the rebels with only untrained camels. As the rebels retreated to the foothills on the outskirts of the city,
1723:, the last of the corps commanders to be dispatched by Abu Bakr, defeated some rebel tribes in Najran, south-eastern Arabia, and was directed by Abu Bakr to march to Hadhramaut and join Ziyad against the Kinda. The Caliph also instructed Ikrimah, who was at Abyan, to join Ziyad and Muhajir's forces.
1415:
Meanwhile, Abu Bakr sent
Shurhabil's corps to reinforce Ikrimah at Yamamah. Ikrimah, however, in early September 632, attacked Musaylima's forces before the reinforcements arrived, and was defeated. He reported his actions to Abu Bakr, who, both pained and angered by the rashness of Ikrimah and his
1023:
On 4 August 632, Usama's army returned to Medina. Abu Bakr ordered Usama to rest and resupply his men there for future operations. Meanwhile, in the second week of August 632, Abu Bakr moved his army to Zhu Qissa. The following day, Abu Bakr marched the garrison troops from Medina with the main army
1652:
and entrenched in a strong position. Ala mounted a surprise attack one night and captured the city. The rebels retreated to the coastal regions, where they made one more stand but were decisively defeated. Most of them surrendered and reverted to Islam. This operation was completed at about the end
1201:
As soon as the organisation of the corps was complete, Khalid marched off, to be followed a little later by
Ikrimah and 'Amr ibn al-'As. The other corps were held back by the caliph and dispatched weeks and even months later, according to the progress of Khalid's operations against the hard core of
974:
and assigned to fight the most powerful of the rebel forces. Other corps were given areas of secondary importance in which to subdue the less dangerous rebel tribes, and were dispatched after Khalid, according to the outcome of his operations. Abu Bakr's plan was first to clear west-central Arabia
1124:
to quell this rebellion. Dhiraar was one of the
Arabian chieftains of the Asad clan who had stayed loyal to the Islamic government in Medina by pledging allegiance to the newly appointed caliph, Abu Bakr, Dhiraar showed his loyalty by warning and chastising the conduct of the peoples who rebelled
1068:
As soon as the expedition of Usama ibn Zayd had returned, Abu Bakr immediately started preparing his forces for further combat against the rebels close to Medina. Before dispatching Khalid against
Tulayha, Abu Bakr sought to reduce the latter's strength. Nothing could be done about the tribes of
803:
in a small battle. Then he returned to Medina, bringing with him a large number of captives and a considerable amount of wealth, part of which comprised the spoils of war and part taxation of the re-conquered tribes. The
Islamic army remained outside of Medina for 40 days. This expedition became
1141:
The caliph distributed the available manpower among 11 main corps, each under its own commander, and bearing its own standard. The available manpower was distributed among these corps, and while some commanders were given immediate missions, others were given missions to be launched later. The
1051:
at Dhu Qissa and returned with his main army to Medina. The remaining rebels retreated to
Buzakha, where rival prophet claimant Tulayha had moved with his army from Samira. Then, after the rebels retreated from the outskirts of Medina, the caliph went further to the north to crush another
680:
forces defeated Laqit and his rebel army. The next month, more rebel attacks were faced in
Northern Arabia and Yemen, which were also defeated. A few months later, Banu Hanifa's chief Musaylimah, a rival prophet claimant with an army of allegedly 40,000 soldiers, was killed in the
989:. This demand was rejected by the rebel tribes. Tulayha, who was also acknowledged as a prophet by many Arabian tribes, reinforced an army at Zhu Qissa, a city about thirty miles east of Medina. From there, Tulayha and his forces were preparing to launch an attack on Medina.
1712:, capital of the caliphate, where he was married to Abu Bakr's sister, Umm Farwa. This was a rare honour, and none of the other leaders of the Ridda wars were similarly treated. As al-Ash'ath's principal wife, Umm Farwa bore him five children, including his oldest son,
1300:. Others joined her against Medina. However, as the time passed on, the alliance between Musaylima and Sajah came into abrupt end as Musaylima grew suspicious towards Sajah. Thus, Sajah left Musaylima's force alone to fought against the Muslim army in al-Yamama.
2167:
1771:. He decided to expand the caliphate. It is unclear whether his intention was to mount a full-scale expansion, or preemptive attacks to secure a buffer zone between the Islamic state and the powerful Sasanian and Byzantine empires. This set the stage for the
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in the third week of
September. After the action at Ghamra, Khalid set off for Naqra where certain clans of the Bani Sulaim had gathered to continue the rebellion. As the rest of the rebel tribes surrendered, Khalid moved south from Buzakha, and
2623:... أغشى بني ضؤر من عنزة: أباح لنا، ما بين بضرى وذومَة، كتائب منا يلبسون السّنوّرًا إذا هو سامانا، من الناس، واحدّ له الملك خالا ملكه وتفـطرا نفت مُضرّ الحمراء عنا سيوفنا، كما طرد الليل النهار فأذبرًا وقال ضرار بن الأزور يذكر أهل الردة ...
1442:
Though Abu Bakr had instructed
Shurhabil not to engage Musaylima's forces until Khalid's arrival, Shurhabil engaged Musaylima's forces anyway and was defeated. Khalid linked up with the remnants of Shurhabil's corps early in December 632.
1412:, but not to engage until Khalid joined him. Abu Bakr's intention in giving Ikrimah this mission was to tie Musaylima down at Yamamah, thereby freeing Khalid to deal with the rebel tribes of north-central Arabia without interference.
1493:
Hudaifa entered Oman, but not having sufficient strength to fight Dhu'l-Taj, he requested reinforcements from the Caliph, who sent Ikrimah from Yamamah to aid him in late September. The combined forces then defeated Dhu'l-Taj at a
1012:
were appointed as commanders of these units. The Haras wa'l Shurta troops rode their camels to the mountain passes of Medina at night, intercepting the rebel coalition assault forces, until the enemy retreated to Dhu Qisha.
750:
On the first day of his caliphate, Abu Bakr ordered the army of Usama to prepare to march into battle. Abu Bakr was under great pressure regarding this military expedition due to rising rebellion, with many regions across
1385:
Nevertheless, Malik was accused of rebellion against the state of Medina. He was also to be charged for his entering into an alliance with Sajjah against the caliphate. Malik was arrested along with those of his clan.
975:(the area nearest to Medina), then tackle Malik bin Nuwaira, and finally concentrate against his most dangerous and powerful enemy: Musaylima, leader of the Banu Hanifa tribe and rival prophet claimant to Muhammad.
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1807:
in Yemen. He later also contributed a twenty-man force from the city under the command of his brother to assist Medina's war efforts in Yemen. Abu Bakr kept Uthman in his post as did his successor Caliph Umar
1726:
In late January 633, the forces of Muhajir and Ziyad combined at Zafar, capital of Hadhramaut, under the overall command of the former, and defeated al-Ash'ath, who retreated to the fortified town of Nujair.
1691:
Al-Ash'ath at first managed to defeat the larger Muslim army, whose ranks included many Kindites from the large Sakun division, at the valley of Zurqan. Afterward, the arrival of further Muslim forces under
1366:
His riders were stopped by Khalid's army at the town of Buttah. Khalid asked them about the pact they signed with the rival prophetess Sajjah; they responded it was merely for revenge against their enemies.
738:
who was killed in the Battle at Mu'tah, as commander of this force so he could avenge the death of his father. However, as Muhammad was ailing, the expedition was delayed. In June 632, Muhammad died and
1431:
Meanwhile, Abu Bakr sent orders to Khalid to march against Musaylima. Shurhabil's corps, stationed at Yamamah, was to reinforce Khalid's corps. In addition to this, Abu Bakr assembled a fresh army of
700:'s reputation as a great tactician and cavalry commander. A detailed reconstruction of the events is complicated by the frequently contradictory and tendentious accounts found in primary sources.
1352:, hung back. Malik was a chief of some distinction: a warrior, noted for his generosity, and a famous poet. Bravery, generosity, and poetry were the three qualities most admired among the Arabs.
502:
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Go to the Caliph, ask him to permit the army to remain at Medina. All the leaders of the community are with me. If we go, none will be left to prevent the infidels from tearing Medina to pieces.
1988:
He suppressed the tribal political and religious uprisings known as the riddah ("political rebellion", sometimes translated as "apostasy"), thereby bringing central Arabia under Muslim control.
1514:
Some time in October 632, Amr's corps was dispatched to the Syrian border to subdue the rebel tribes—most importantly, the Quza'a and the Wadi'a (a part of the Bani Kalb)--in the region around
1733:
Nujair was captured some time in mid-February 633. With the defeat of the Kinda at Nujair, the last of the great rebel movements collapsed. Arabia was re-established as predominantly Islamic.
1632:
preparing for battle. Here he persuaded the weaker to embrace Islam and then joined up with them to defeat their opponents. Having re-established Islam in Mahra, Ikrimah moved his corps to
1040:
on the left flank, and Suwaid ibn Muqrin was positioned in the rear. The surprise attack from the Medinans caused chaos among the rebel forces, and during the height of the battle,
1730:
Just after this battle, the corps of Ikrimah also arrived. The three Muslim corps, under the overall command of Muhajir, advanced on Nujair and laid siege to the fortified city.
1688:
the rebel forces and Muslim forces, was so well balanced that neither side felt able to start serious hostilities. Ziyad waited for reinforcements before attacking the rebels.
1047:
The defeated rebel tribes retreated to Abraq, where more clansmen of the Ghatfan, the Hawazin, and the Tayy were gathered. Abu Bakr left a residual force under the command of
309:
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Al-Numan bin Muqrin Battle of Al-Abraq Atlas of the Caliph Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him Atlas of the History of the Rightly Guided Caliphs Series 1
1276:. After the death of Muhammad, Sajah self-proclaim herself as one of the prophet. At first, Sajah came into Hizn region, where she manage to gain the allegiance from
1460:
What remained of the multiple rebellions in the less vital areas of Arabia was rooted out by the Muslims in a series of well-planned campaigns within five months.
928:
In the fourth week of August 632, Abu Bakr moved to Zhu Qissa with all available fighting forces. There he planned his strategy, in what would later be called the
488:
779:
where most of the tribes in the region opposed him fiercely, but were defeated. Usama raided far and wide in the region of Northern Arabia, starting with the
3243:
1037:
1677:
854:, which was still loyal to Islam, before joining the rebel from the north, Tulayha of the Banu Asad, who was seen by many as a rival prophet to Muhammad.
385:
2741:
1454:
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2102:
3148:(Religion / General, History / Middle East / General, History / World, Electronic books). Translated by Fred M. Donner. SUNY Press. p. 53.
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Before the various corps left Zhu Qissa, however, envoys were sent by Abu Bakr to all rebel tribes in a final attempt to induce them to submit.
665:
against rebellious Arabian tribes, some of which were led by rival prophet claimants. They began shortly after the death of the Islamic prophet
1088:
Khalid, now much stronger than when he had left Zhu Qissa, marched towards Buzakha. There, in mid-September 632 CE, he defeated Tulayha in the
1149:: Move against Tulaiha bin Khuwailad Al-Asdee (طُلیحة بن خویلد الاسدی) from the Asad Tribe (بنو اسد) at Buzaakhah (بزاخة), then Banu Sulaim .
1605:. Amr was then brought before Caliph Abu Bakr, who invited him to rejoin Islam, to which Amr agreed. Thus, Amr was pardoned by the caliph.
935:
Abu Bakr had to fight not one but several opponents: Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid ibn Nawfal al-Asadi at Buzakha, Malik bin Nuwaira at Butah, and
780:
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The History of al-Tabari Vol. 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors: al-Tabari's Supplement to His History
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notable in Islamic history as the eighteen year old Usama had been appointed as overall commander, leading veterans and high ranked
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the next day. Abu Bakr merged An-Numan ibn Muqarrin's remaining forces with his own, with Abu Bakr leading from the center, while
1598:
1098:
378:
3193:المكتبة الشاملة – البداية والنهاية لابن كثير طبعة إحياء التراث ج6 ص364 – تصفح: نسخة محفوظة 21 سبتمبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
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managed to kill the rebel leader Hibal, the brother of Tulayha. The Medinan forces finally capturing Dhu Qissa on 1 August 632.
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Apostasie und Toleranz im Islam: die Entwicklung zu al-Ġazālīs Urteil gegen die Philosophie und die Reaktionen der Philosophen
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In July 632, Abu Bakr sent envoys to the enemy tribes, calling upon them to remain loyal to Islam and continue to pay their
1522:). Amr was not able to beat the tribes into submission until Shurhabil joined him in January after the Battle of Yamamah.
1450:, which was fought in the third week of December. The fortified city of Yamamah surrendered peacefully later that week.
1389:
Malik was asked by Khalid about his crimes, and responded, "your master said this, your master said that", referring to
1324:. The itinerary of his campaign is indicated by dashed, red arrows. The territory of the early Muslim state, comprising
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1744:. The year 12 Hijri dawned on March 16, 633, with Arabia united under the central authority of the Caliph at Medina.
915:
640:
2349:"Ansar's Role in the Suppression of Apostates in the Era of Caliphate of Abu Bakr; Tabari history.Vol.3, p.246, 247"
897:
3785:
3746:(in Arabic). Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Endowments, Call and Guidance, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 20 September 2007
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1490:, known more commonly as "Dhu'l-Taj" ("the Crowned One"). According to some reports, he also claimed prophethood.
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region's governor at the time. Amr and Qays ibn Maksuh then conspired to kill three caliphate deputies in Yemen.
771:
Abu Bakr however refused his demands. On June 26, 632, the army of Usama broke camp and moved out. After leaving
635:
2015:
M. Lecker (2012). "Al-Ridda". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).
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died, his son Shahr partially became governor of Yemen but was killed by Al-Aswad. Al-Aswad was later killed by
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2358:. Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran
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In September 632, Laqit, the leader of the Banu Azd tribe, prepared an army to attack Oman. However, commander
3047:
3558:
The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples
1911:
1625:. As Arfaja had not yet arrived, Ikrimah, instead of waiting for him, engaged the local rebels on his own.
992:
Abu Bakr received intelligence of the rebel movements, and immediately prepared for the defence of Medina.
719:
709:
2555:
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rose up from the north. The situation of Tamim tribe during the life of Sajah was they are the subject of
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3092:(in Indonesian). Translated by Abu Ihsan al-Atsari. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Dar al Wathan. pp. 249–278
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Khalid established his headquarters at Yamamah, from which he despatched columns throughout the plain of
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943:. He had to deal with widespread renouncement of Islam on the eastern and southern coasts of Arabia: in
3790:
3582:
2143:تلقيح فهوم اهل الاثر في عيون التاريخ و السير (Talqīḥ fuhūm ahl al-athar fī ʻuyūn al-tārīkh wa-al-siyar)
1772:
1713:
592:
442:
2613:] (Religion / Islam / History) (in Arabic). Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية. p. 556
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1557:, also an abna' member, who was sent by Muhammad, and thereafter Fairuz acted as governor of Yemen at
1217:, a rival prophet, in the fertile region of Yamamah. He was mainly supported by the powerful tribe of
1720:
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Turaifa bin Hajiz: The rebel tribes of Hawazin and Bani Sulaim in the area east of Medina and Mecca.
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Usama's expedition succeeded in forcing several rebel tribes to resubmit to Medinan rule and rejoin
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in January 633. The campaigns came to an end in June 633 as Abu Bakr united all tribes of Arabia.
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3214:(Phd) (in Indonesian). Translated by Faris Khairul Anam. Qisthi Press. pp. 202, 208, 217.
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3509:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
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The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 10 The Conquest of Arabia: The Riddah Wars A.D. 632-633/A.H. 11
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The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 10 The Conquest of Arabia: The Riddah Wars A.D. 632-633/A.H. 11
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2048:
1644:
After the Battle of Yamamah, Abu Bakr sent Ala bin Al Hadhrami's corps against the rebels of
1519:
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in Medina that joined Khalid's corps at Butah before the combined force set out for Yamamah.
1101:
in October, with an army now 6,000 strong, he defeated the rebel tribe of Banu Saleem in the
1048:
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Yemen: The politics of the Yemen Arab Republic (Westview special studies on the Middle East)
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with an army consisting of 18,000 volunteers, and conquered the richest province of Persia:
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to subdue the region around Yamamah. Thereafter, all of central Arabia submitted to Medina.
452:
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1783:. Thereafter, Abu Bakr sent his armies to invade Roman Syria, an important province of the
1502:, one of Dhu'l-Taj's strongholds, in November. Dhu'l-Taj himself was killed in the battle.
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The combined force of Muslims, now 13,000 strong, finally defeated Musaylima's army in the
1401:
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hastened to visit Khalid, but the Bani Yarbu', a branch of Bani Tamim, under their chief,
8:
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1120:. As part of his campaignst against the resistance of the Banu Tamim tribe, Khalid sent
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Lecker, Michael (October–December 1995). "Judaism among Kinda and the Ridda of Kinda".
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when the tribe of Ans rose in arms under the leadership of its chief and rival prophet
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1344:, on learning of Khalid's decisive victories against rebels in Buzakha, many clans of
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Abu Bakr formed the army into several corps, the strongest of which was commanded by
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2556:"Husayn Haekal, Muhammad; Cordova library, 2014; 1 Biografi Abu Bakr Ash-Shiddiq ra"
2307:(Fred Donner Translation ed.). State University of New York Press. p. 46.
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opposing Qays. Ultimately, the forces of Qays and Amr were defeated by the force of
3717:
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1708:), who agreed to release him after he repented. He thereafter took up residence in
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also dispatched a force from Ta'if against rebel clans from the tribes of Azd and
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Ziyad bin Lubaid, Muslim governor of Hadhramaut, operated against them and raided
1161:: The rebel tribes of Quza'a and Wadi'a in the area of Tabuk and Daumat-ul-Jandal.
1155:: Confront Musaylima at Yamamah but not to engage until more forces were built up.
1105:. In the third week of October, Khalid defeated a tribal chieftess, Salma, in the
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1102:
1057:
963:. There were similar movements renouncing Islam in the regions south and east of
952:
613:
457:
432:
427:
412:
3506:
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume X: The Conquest of Arabia, A.D. 632–633/A.H. 11
2398:
2396:
1972:
3722:
3706:"The Bodyguard of the Caliphs During the Umayyad and the Early Abbasid Periods"
3687:
Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1
3668:
3596:
3523:
3500:
3076:
2770:
The History of the Rightly Guided Caliphs: Conquests and Political Achievements
2655:
792:
731:
645:
570:
185:
3740:"Mention of the apostasy of the people of Dibba and Azd Oman; a brief history"
3616:
2821:
2455:
1661:
The last of the great revolts against Islam was that of the powerful tribe of
1569:
In the later phase after the death of Aswad al-Ansi, two Yemenite chieftains,
3774:
3731:
3492:
3235:
2994:
2393:
1662:
1432:
1268:
However, their domination of Souk Okaz came into abrupt end two years before
1230:
1158:
1082:
1074:
686:
564:
172:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2484:
2423:أطلس الخليفة أبو بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه سلسلة أطلس تاريخ الخلفاء الراشدين 1
38:
3800:
3795:
2467:
2137:
1899:
1420:
to assist Hudaifa; once Hudaifa had completed his task, he was to march to
1194:
Muhajir bin Abi Umayyah: The rebels in Yemen, then the Kinda in Hadhramaut.
997:
607:
580:
534:
16:
Series of military campaigns launched by Abu Bakr against rebel Arab tribes
2480:]. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Bayrut & Dar as-Sadr. pp. 344–345.
3440:
2800:
2705:
1601:, Amr came to Medina as a prisoner, guarded by a caliphate soldier named
1586:
1542:
1218:
1213:
Renouncement of and rebellion against Islam in central Arabia was led by
575:
529:
3624:
3444:
2208:
3600:
3083:
1822:
1741:
1670:
1436:
1360:
1345:
1321:
1285:
1257:
1110:
1070:
993:
956:
800:
690:
254:
3661:
2103:"Perang Riddah, Pertempuran Abu Bakar Melawan Kaum Murtad Halaman all"
1908:
Al sirah al halabiyah Juz 2 : The biography of al-'amin al-ma'mun
996:
recorded that Abu Bakr immediately formed organised elite guard units
3017:
Muhammad Rajih Jad'an, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq. Retrieved August 26, 2006.
2793:
1780:
1405:
1317:
1289:
1265:
1214:
1077:, which stood solidly behind rival prophet claimant Tulayha, but the
936:
796:
788:
544:
241:
1393:. Khalid declared Malik a rebel apostate and ordered his execution.
1296:
coalition. Thereafter, 4,000 people gathered around her to march on
867:
3653:
2575:
Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics and Strategic Studies
2146:(in Arabic). دار الارقم بن ابي الارقم – بيروت / لبنان. p. 57.
1764:
1752:
1698:
1558:
1404:, one of the corps commanders, was instructed to make contact with
1390:
1356:
1333:
1269:
843:
740:
662:
129:
3556:. In Houtsma, M. Th.; Wensinck, A. J.; Levi-Provençal, E. (eds.).
2340:
1197:
Suwaid bin Muqaran: The rebels in the coastal area north of Yemen.
1081:
were not so staunch in their support of Tulayha, and their chief,
3109:
3107:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
1645:
1409:
1375:
1293:
1248:
Map detailing the route of Khalid ibn Walid's conquest of Arabia.
1234:
1229:, led the rebellion against Medina aided by the allied tribes of
1188:
1053:
944:
940:
744:
661:
were a series of military campaigns launched by the first caliph
267:
1680:, after which the whole of the Kinda broke into rebellion under
669:
in 632 and concluded the next year, with all battles won by the
3421:
Khalid Bin Al-Waleed Sword of Allah : A Biographical Study
2773:
2138:
b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad Abu 'l-Faras̲h̲ b. al-Jawzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
1804:
1776:
1709:
1684:
and prepared for war. However, the strength of the two forces,
1666:
1329:
1297:
1114:
772:
752:
3104:
3082:
2510:
2419:
1648:. Ala arrived in Bahrain to find the rebel forces gathered at
1533:
had been the first province to rebel against the authority of
1170:
Khalid bin Saeed: Certain rebel tribes on the Syrian frontier.
3387:
Sword of Allah: Khalid Bin Al-Waleed His Life & Campaigns
2346:
1633:
1534:
1530:
1499:
1425:
1379:
1325:
1273:
1253:
1221:. At Buzakha in north central Arabia, another rival prophet,
985:
964:
960:
851:
832:
756:
363:
285:
3443:(2014). Muhammad Al-Azhari Abu Al-Mundhir, Saleh bin (ed.).
1998:
1996:
1673:, and eastern Yemen. They did not revolt until January 633.
1636:, where he rested his men and awaited further developments.
1359:, he had been appointed as a tax collector for the tribe of
759:
and leaving Islam. Before his march into battle, Usama sent
2073:
1915:
1649:
1614:
1479:
1417:
1371:
1341:
1313:
1238:
1078:
948:
847:
809:
760:
3368:
3366:
2819:
2570:
2271:
1137:
Mobilizations of 11 caliphate divisions to different areas
3673:
The struggle against Musaylima and the conquest of Yamama
3339:
3327:
2684:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2181:
1993:
1959:
Laura V. Vaglieri in The Cambridge History of Islam, p.58
1483:
1109:. Afterwards he moved to Najd against the rebel tribe of
3305:
3303:
3277:
Fiqh Siyasah Political Islam doctrine constextualization
2765:كتاب تاريخ الخلفاء الراشدين الفتوحات والإنجازات السياسية
2434:(in Arabic). Saudi Arabia: مكتبة العبيكان،. p. 47.
2190:"سرية أسامة بن زيد بن حارثة رضي الله تعالى عنه إلى أبنى"
2168:"سرية أسامة بن زيد بن حارثة رضي الله تعالى عنه إلى أبنى"
1904:
Talqīḥ fuhūm ahl al-athar fī ʻuyūn al-tārīkh wa-al-siyar
839:
later attacked them and forced them to surrender again.
3363:
2772:] (in Arabic). Dar Al-Nafa'is. 2003. Archived from
2593:
2187:
1617:, following the orders of Abu Bakr, Ikrimah marched to
1416:
disobedience, ordered him to proceed with his force to
2328:
2283:
835:. The Quza'a remained rebellious and unrepentant, but
510:
3351:
3315:
3300:
3279:] (Doctor) (in Indonesian). Kencana. p. 57.
2828:
The genius of Khalid; First published January 1, 1945
2633:
2631:
2571:"The people of al-ayyam in the Arab conquest of Iraq"
1740:
was fought and completed during the 11th year of the
1312:
Map of Khalid's campaigns against the Arab tribes of
1167:: Follow Ikrimah and await the Caliph's instructions.
685:. The last major rebel attack came from the tribe of
3272:
Fiqh Siyasah Konstekstualisasi Doktrin Politik Islam
2384:
sfnm error: no target: CITEREFKhorasani_Parizi2011 (
2046:
1870:
783:, and then made his way to Dawmatu l-Jandal (modern
3451:
Pure Mercy in the Virtues of Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam
2863:
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopedia of Islam, 1913–1936
2725:[the False Prophetess:Sijah at-Tamimiyah].
2376:
2300:
2165:
3601:"Kinda on the Eve of Islam and during the "Ridda""
3470:
3414:
2628:
2541:
2529:
3205:al-Quraibi, Ibrahim (2016). Afkar, Dahyal (ed.).
3169:
1292:, where she joined forces with Musaylima in anti-
3772:
2969:
2420:Sami bin Abdullah Al-Maghlouth (20 April 2010).
2380:
1378:to nearby villages and ordered them to call the
3089:Tartib wa Tahdzib Al-Kkitab bidayah wan Nihayah
2980:
2599:
2470:(1967). Ibn Ahmed ibn Abi Al-Karam, Ali (ed.).
1142:commanders and their assigned objectives were:
3138:
2936:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAl-Tabari915 (
2917:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAl-Tabari915 (
2898:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAl-Tabari915 (
2650:
2648:
2646:
2301:Ibn Jarir at-Tabari, Muhammad (15 June 2015).
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1541:, the Black One. Yemen was controlled then by
3446:Mahd Al-Maram fi Fadil Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam
3268:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2720:
2250:
1280:under Waki' ibn Malik, and Banu Yarbu' under
496:
467:
379:
3120:(in Arabic). Dar al-Fikr Arabiya. p. 36
2830:] (in Arabic). Nahdat Misr. p. 77.
2466:
2130:
1910:recorded that Sa'd was instead followed the
1564:
28:
3684:
3528:Al-Riddah and the Muslim conquest of Arabia
3465:
3385:A.I. Akram (1 January 2009). "Chapter 18".
3372:
2990:The United Arab Emirates, A New Perspective
2986:
2643:
2277:
2002:
1944:
1790:
1593:. Amr and Qays were said to be captured by
1128:
896:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3439:
3384:
3204:
3045:
2944:
2603:(2011). Abdel Aziz Al-Jundi, Farid (ed.).
2562:
2402:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2225:
2206:
1474:In mid-September 632, Abu Bakr dispatched
1000:to defend Medina. Veteran companions like
850:'s tribe made several attempts to capture
763:to Abu Bakr and is reported to have said:
503:
489:
386:
372:
43:Map of the major battles of the Ridda Wars
3721:
3241:
2664:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2554:Haekal, Muhammad Husain (5 August 2014).
2014:
916:Learn how and when to remove this message
3642:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2965:
2963:
2931:
2912:
2893:
2210:كتاب غزوات النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم
2077:The Spread of Islam Throughout the World
1751:
1307:
1243:
1132:
3703:
3551:
3542:The Participation of Tayyi in the Ridda
3117:كتاب موسوعة خلفاء المسلمين ⏤ زهير الكبي
2688:United Arab Emirates: A New Perspective
2581:. Politics and Strategic Studies: 78–79
2334:
2237:
2231:
2101:Media, Kompas Cyber (14 January 2022).
1374:he found no opposing army. He sent his
3773:
3639:
3595:
3499:
3389:. Adam Publishers & Distributors.
3357:
3345:
3333:
3321:
3309:
2987:Abed, Ibrahim; Hellyer, Peter (2001).
2654:
2637:
2553:
2074:Idris El Hareir; Ravane Mbaye (2011).
1967:
1965:
1336:and their environs, is shaded in green
1252:Meanwhile, another anti-Medina led by
1016:
967:and by the Quza'a in northern Arabia.
726:in order to avenge the martyrs of the
3678:Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam
3546:Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam
2960:
2875:al-Balazuri: book no: 1, page no:107.
2568:
2100:
2047:Ella Landau-Tasseron (January 1998).
1763:With the collapse of the rebellions,
1424:to help Arfaja, and thereafter go to
1320:, both in central Arabia, during the
484:
367:
3605:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
2976:. Hodder and Stoughton. p. 112.
2685:Ibrahim Abed; Peter Hellyer (2001).
1478:'s corps to tackle the rebellion in
1063:
978:
894:adding citations to reliable sources
861:
92:establishes control over the entire
3248:The Hadith transmitter Encyclopedia
3113:
2860:
2796:: Vol. 3, p. 115, 116, 271, 272-275
2213:. Beirut: Dar al-Hilal. p. 142
1962:
1860:
1599:Usd al-ghabah fi marifat al-Saḥabah
29:
13:
3408:
2188:bin Burhan Al-Din Al-Halabi, Ali.
1973:"Abu Bakr | Biography & Facts"
1509:
14:
3817:
3766:A brief history of the Ridda wars
3759:
3055:. Avalon Publishing. p. 32.
2790:History of the Prophets and Kings
2691:. Trident Press. pp. 81–84.
2166:Nur ad-Din al-Halabi, Ali (632).
1795:At some point during the rule of
1208:
857:
3479:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
2723:"Nabi Palsu: Sijah at-Tamimiyah"
2257:(in German). BRILL. p. 61.
2025:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8870
1906:and Nur ad-Din al-Halabi in his
1759:during the caliphate of Abu Bakr
1719:Reinforcements were on the way.
866:
593:Revolt of Muhammad the Pure Soul
351:
340:
326:
289:
37:
3685:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011).
3378:
3198:
3086:; Ibn Kathir, Abu Fida (2004).
3028:"ABNĀʾ – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
3020:
3011:
2925:
2906:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2854:
2820:Abbas Mahmud al-'Aqqad (2005).
2678:
2547:
2535:
2121:
1892:
1703:
1486:had revolted under their chief
3487:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
3084:bin Shamil as-Sulami, Muhammad
2729:(in Indonesian). Yufid Network
2569:Yahya, Mahayuddin Hj. (1979).
2094:
2067:
2040:
2031:
2008:
1850:
1833:Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
1665:, who inhabited the region of
1506:defy the authority of Medina.
1482:, where the dominant tribe of
550:Revolt of Yazid b. al-Muhallab
393:
1:
1838:
1767:gained control of the entire
1656:
1597:. According to the record of
1545:, a group descended from the
1024:and moved towards Dhu Hussa.
842:Meanwhile, the rebels of the
703:
641:Kharijite Rebellion (866–896)
3250:(in Arabic). Ikram Hawramani
3179:[Wars of apostasy].
2478:Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh: vol 2
1912:Expedition of Usama bin Zayd
1747:
743:was chosen as the caliph at
710:Expedition of Usama bin Zayd
7:
3579:The Early Islamic Conquests
3441:al-Hanbali, Ibn al-Mubarrad
3046:W. Stookey, Robert (1978).
2744:[Sajah at-Tamimi].
2661:The Early Islamic Conquests
2347:Khorasani Parizi, Ebrahim.
1871:
1811:
722:to be prepared against the
10:
3822:
3723:10.3989/alqantara.2015.009
3583:Princeton University Press
2053:. SUNY Press. p. 65.
1937:
1773:Islamic conquest of Persia
1639:
1467:
1396:
1288:broke out, she moved into
707:
555:Revolt of Harith b. Surayj
448:Al-Aswad al-Ansi rebellion
3617:10.1017/S1356186300005964
3467:Blankinship, Khalid Yahya
3242:Hawramani, Ikram (2012).
2970:John Bagot Glubb (1963).
2207:al-Jumayli, Said (1995).
1721:al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayya
1603:Al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayya
1583:Al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayya
1565:Second Rebellion of Yemen
1036:rode on the right flank,
806:Companions of the Prophet
787:). Usama next marched to
520:
403:
216:Al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayya
120:
103:
47:
36:
25:
3269:Iqbal, Muhammad (2016).
2806:Kitāb Mu'jam al-Buldān;
2760:Taqu̅sh, Muhammad Suhail
2542:Agha Ibrahim Akram (1969
2530:Agha Ibrahim Akram (1969
2377:Ibn Jarir at-Tabari 2015
1924:Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah
1843:
1791:Third rebellion in Yemen
1738:Campaign of the Apostasy
1608:
1549:garrison in Sanaa. When
1525:
1179:: The rebels in Bahrain.
1129:Caliphate Army Divisions
822:Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah
603:Qays–Yaman war (793–796)
540:Revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath
310:Laqith ibn Malik al-Azdi
3786:Wars of the Middle Ages
3704:Perlman, Yaara (2015).
3560:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
3139:Fred M. Donner (2015).
2973:The Great Arab Conquest
2884:Tabari: Vol 9 p. 501-2.
2739:Translation of Chapter:
2127:Tabari: Vol. 2, p. 462.
2080:. UNESCO. p. 187.
2019:(2nd ed.). Brill.
1977:Encyclopedia Britannica
1882:'Apostasy wars'
1463:
1303:
1125:against the caliphate.
696:These wars established
3540:Ella Landau-Tasseron:
3485:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2721:Nurfitri Hadi (2018).
2251:Frank Griffel (2000).
2017:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1760:
1581:A caliphate commander
1518:and Daumat-ul-Jandal (
1337:
1249:
1191:: The rebels in Mahra.
1138:
769:
333:Ghayth ibn Abd Yaghuth
220:Shahr ibn Badhan
121:Commanders and leaders
2997:Ltd. pp. 60–86.
2810:: Vol. 2, p. 254, 255
2803:: Vol. 1, p. 293, 294
2799:At-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubra;
2473:الكامل في التاريخ، جـ
2381:Khorasani Parizi 2011
1775:. Khalid was sent to
1755:
1571:Amr ibn Ma'adi Yakrib
1311:
1247:
1185:: The rebels in Oman.
1136:
1049:An-Numan ibn Muqarrin
1006:Talha ibn Ubayd Allah
998:al-Ḥaras wa al-Shurṭa
785:Al Jawf, Saudi Arabia
765:
708:Further information:
560:Revolt of Zayd b. Ali
348:Amr ibn Ma'adi Yakrib
145:Talha ibn Ubayd Allah
3552:Fischer, A. (1987).
3472:"al-Ashʿath b. Qays"
3244:"Amr ibn Ma'diKarib"
2957:Tabari: Vol. 2, p. 5
2493:"Saad bin Abi Waqas"
2491:Fahmi, Hadi (2018).
2356:textroad publication
1928:Qatada ibn al-Nu'man
1801:Uthman ibn Abi al-As
1797:Umar ibn al-Khat'tab
1630:met two rebel armies
1402:Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl
1370:When Khalid reached
1225:, a tribal chief of
1165:Shurahbil ibn Hasana
1153:Ikrimah ibn Abi-Jahl
1122:Dhiraar ibn al-Azwar
1042:Ukasha ibn al-Mihsan
1034:Al-Nu'man ibn Muqrin
930:Campaign of Apostasy
890:improve this section
826:Qatada ibn al-Nu'man
514:the early Caliphates
191:Shurahbil ibn Hasana
178:Al-Nu'man ibn Muqrin
155:Dhiraar ibn al-Azwar
3348:, pp. 185–186.
3336:, pp. 182–183.
2611:معجم البلدان 1-7 ج2
2606:معجم البلدان 1-7 ج2
2544:, pp. 101–103)
1930:during this moment.
1818:Arab-Byzantine wars
1694:Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl
1682:al-Ash'ath ibn Qays
1628:At Jairut, Ikrimah
1623:Arfaja bin Harthama
1591:Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl
1183:Hudhaifa bin Mihsan
1177:Ala bin Al Hadhrami
1038:Abdullah ibn Muqrin
1030:Battle of Zhu Qissa
1018:Battle of Zhu Qissa
1010:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
814:Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
775:, Usama marched to
698:Khalid ibn al-Walid
545:Revolt of al-Ashdaq
323:Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays
211:Hudhayfah al-Bariqi
201:Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami
160:Zayd ibn al-Khattab
150:Khalid ibn al-Walid
135:Zubayr ibn al-Awwam
3575:Fred McGraw Donner
3475:. In Fleet, Kate;
3416:Agha Ibrahim Akram
2896:, pp. 501–502
2814:Abu Zayd al-Balkhi
2532:, pp. 97–100)
1828:Pre-Islamic Arabia
1761:
1757:Rashidun Caliphate
1476:Hudaifa bin Mihsan
1350:Malik ibn Nuwayrah
1338:
1250:
1202:enemy opposition.
1139:
1118:Malik ibn Nuwayrah
671:Rashidun Caliphate
631:Anarchy at Samarra
626:Bashmurian revolts
588:Abbasid Revolution
110:Rashidun Caliphate
90:Rashidun Caliphate
3791:Apostasy in Islam
3599:(November 1994).
3530:. Toronto, 1973.
3524:Elias S. Shoufani
3516:978-0-7914-1071-4
3453:]. p. 86
3427:. pp. 97–100
3396:978-81-7435-521-8
3114:al-Kabi, Zuhair.
3004:978-1-900724-47-0
2748:(in Arabic). 2017
2698:978-1-900724-47-0
2441:978-9960-54-320-8
2264:978-90-04-11566-8
2087:978-92-3-104153-2
2060:978-0-7914-2819-1
1881:
1869:
1769:Arabian Peninsula
1595:Fayruz al-Daylami
1555:Fayruz al-Daylami
1428:to help Muhajir.
1282:Malik ibn Nuwayra
1090:Battle of Buzakha
1064:Battle of Buzakha
1002:Ali ibn Abi Talib
979:Defence of Medina
926:
925:
918:
795:of the tribes of
736:Zayd ibn Harithah
654:
653:
476:
475:
362:
361:
273:Malik ibn Nuwayra
231:Fayruz al-Daylami
182:Suwaid ibn Muqrin
140:Ali ibn Abi Talib
115:Rebel Arab tribes
99:
98:
94:Arabian Peninsula
65:Arabian Peninsula
3813:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3735:
3725:
3700:
3665:
3636:
3571:
3520:
3496:
3474:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3426:
3401:
3400:
3382:
3376:
3373:Blankinship 2009
3370:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3213:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3188:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3147:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3054:
3043:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2967:
2958:
2955:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2861:Houtsma, M. Th.
2858:
2852:
2849:ASIN: 9771425587
2848:
2846:
2844:
2816:: Vol. 2 p. 198.
2785:
2783:
2781:
2758:Translation of=
2757:
2755:
2753:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2718:
2703:
2702:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2652:
2641:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2464:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2433:
2417:
2406:
2400:
2391:
2389:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2353:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2298:
2281:
2278:Mikaberidze 2011
2275:
2269:
2268:
2248:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2012:
2006:
2003:Mikaberidze 2011
2000:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1969:
1960:
1957:
1931:
1896:
1883:
1876:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1861:حُرُوب ٱلرِّدَّة
1854:
1785:Byzantine Empire
1707:
1705:
1653:of January 633.
1575:Qays ibn Makshuh
1573:and his nephew,
1547:Sasanian Persian
1539:Al-Aswad Al-Ansi
1488:Laqeet bin Malik
1448:Battle of Yamama
1147:Khalid Ibn Walid
1094:Battle of Ghamra
972:Khalid ibn Walid
921:
914:
910:
907:
901:
870:
862:
728:Battle of Mu'tah
724:Byzantine Empire
718:ordered a large
683:Battle of Yamama
598:Battle of Fakhkh
515:
505:
498:
491:
482:
481:
443:Dawmat al-Jandal
398:
388:
381:
374:
365:
364:
355:
344:
337:Qays ibn Makshuh
330:
318:
305:
293:
281:
263:
250:
226:
206:Arfaja al-Bariqi
196:Khalid ibn Sa'id
168:
49:
48:
41:
32:
31:
30:حُرُوب ٱلرِّدَّة
23:
22:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3749:
3747:
3738:
3697:
3597:Lecker, Michael
3568:
3517:
3501:Donner, Fred M.
3481:Rowson, Everett
3456:
3454:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3411:
3409:Further reading
3406:
3405:
3404:
3397:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3340:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3308:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3240:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3211:
3203:
3199:
3186:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3145:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3112:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3052:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2985:
2981:
2968:
2961:
2956:
2945:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2859:
2855:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2808:Yaqut al-Hamawi
2779:
2777:
2776:on 24 June 2023
2762:
2751:
2749:
2742:"سجاح التميمية"
2740:
2732:
2730:
2727:kisahmuslim.com
2719:
2706:
2699:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2656:Donner, Fred M.
2653:
2644:
2636:
2629:
2616:
2614:
2601:Yaqut al-Hamawi
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2567:
2563:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2528:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2489:
2485:
2465:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2431:
2418:
2409:
2403:al-Hanbali 2014
2401:
2394:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2299:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2249:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2197:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2109:(in Indonesian)
2099:
2095:
2088:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2045:
2041:
2037:Ibn Sad: p. 707
2036:
2032:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1994:
1981:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1814:
1793:
1750:
1702:
1659:
1642:
1611:
1567:
1528:
1512:
1510:Northern Arabia
1472:
1470:Battle of Dibba
1466:
1399:
1355:At the time of
1306:
1262:Sasanian Empire
1211:
1131:
1107:battle of Zafar
1103:Battle of Naqra
1066:
1058:Dumat al-Jandal
1021:
981:
922:
911:
905:
902:
887:
871:
860:
837:'Amr ibn al-'As
793:Christian Arabs
791:, attacked the
730:. He appointed
712:
706:
655:
650:
516:
513:
511:
509:
479:
478:
477:
472:
468:Yemen rebellion
453:Mahra rebellion
399:
394:
392:
358:
314:
301:
297:Umm Zhiml Sulma
277:
259:
246:
235:
222:
164:
84:
67:
42:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3819:
3809:
3808:
3806:630s conflicts
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3760:External links
3758:
3757:
3756:
3736:
3716:(2): 315–340.
3701:
3695:
3682:
3669:Meir J. Kister
3666:
3654:10.2307/604732
3648:(4): 635–650.
3637:
3611:(3): 333–356.
3593:
3572:
3566:
3549:
3538:
3521:
3515:
3503:, ed. (1993).
3497:
3477:Krämer, Gudrun
3463:
3437:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3377:
3362:
3360:, p. 188.
3350:
3338:
3326:
3324:, p. 344.
3314:
3312:, p. 343.
3299:
3285:
3261:
3234:
3220:
3208:Tarikh Khulafa
3197:
3168:
3154:
3131:
3103:
3075:
3061:
3033:
3019:
3010:
3003:
2979:
2959:
2943:
2924:
2905:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2865:. p. 665.
2853:
2851:
2850:
2836:
2817:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2746:islamstory.com
2704:
2697:
2677:
2670:
2642:
2627:
2592:
2561:
2546:
2534:
2509:
2483:
2454:
2440:
2407:
2392:
2379:, p. 46;
2369:
2339:
2337:, p. 323.
2327:
2313:
2282:
2280:, p. 750.
2270:
2263:
2236:
2224:
2180:
2152:
2129:
2120:
2093:
2086:
2066:
2059:
2039:
2030:
2007:
2005:, p. 751.
1992:
1961:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1920:Sa'id ibn Zayd
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1872:ḥurūb ar-ridda
1848:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1792:
1789:
1749:
1746:
1706: 632–634
1658:
1655:
1641:
1638:
1610:
1607:
1566:
1563:
1527:
1524:
1511:
1508:
1468:Main article:
1465:
1462:
1398:
1395:
1305:
1302:
1210:
1209:Central Arabia
1207:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1130:
1127:
1065:
1062:
1020:
1015:
980:
977:
924:
923:
874:
872:
865:
859:
858:Ridda Campaign
856:
818:Sa'id ibn Zayd
732:Usama ibn Zayd
705:
702:
652:
651:
649:
648:
646:Zanj Rebellion
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
617:
616:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
584:
583:
573:
571:Yahya ibn Zayd
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
521:
518:
517:
512:Civil wars of
508:
507:
500:
493:
485:
474:
473:
471:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
404:
401:
400:
391:
390:
383:
376:
368:
360:
359:
357:
356:
345:
334:
331:
320:
307:
294:
283:
270:
265:
252:
238:
236:
234:
233:
228:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
186:Ikrima ibn Amr
183:
180:
175:
170:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
126:
123:
122:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
101:
100:
97:
96:
86:
80:
79:
73:
69:
68:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3818:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3696:9781598843361
3692:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3536:0-8020-1915-3
3533:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3354:
3347:
3342:
3335:
3330:
3323:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3288:
3286:9786021186039
3282:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3265:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3223:
3221:9789791303408
3217:
3210:
3209:
3201:
3194:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3157:
3155:9781438401409
3151:
3144:
3143:
3135:
3119:
3118:
3110:
3108:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3064:
3062:9780891583004
3058:
3051:
3050:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3023:
3014:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2995:Trident Press
2992:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2966:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2939:
2934:, p. 502
2933:
2932:Al-Tabari 915
2928:
2920:
2915:, p. 496
2914:
2913:Al-Tabari 915
2909:
2901:
2895:
2894:Al-Tabari 915
2890:
2881:
2872:
2864:
2857:
2839:
2837:9789771425588
2833:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2747:
2743:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2681:
2673:
2671:0-691-05327-8
2667:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2639:
2634:
2632:
2624:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2443:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2331:
2316:
2314:9781438401409
2310:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2234:, p. 652
2233:
2228:
2212:
2211:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2169:
2155:
2153:9789953442112
2149:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1231:Banu Ghatafan
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1159:Amr ibn al-As
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1083:Adi ibn Hatim
1080:
1076:
1075:Banu Ghatafan
1072:
1061:
1059:
1056:rebellion in
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
987:
976:
973:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
931:
920:
917:
909:
906:February 2023
899:
895:
891:
885:
884:
880:
875:This section
873:
869:
864:
863:
855:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
768:
764:
762:
758:
754:
748:
746:
742:
737:
734:, the son of
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
711:
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3748:. Retrieved
3744:al-Islam.com
3743:
3713:
3709:
3689:. ABC-CLIO.
3686:
3676:
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3608:
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3578:
3557:
3554:"Kais-Ailan"
3545:
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3484:
3455:. Retrieved
3450:
3445:
3429:. Retrieved
3420:
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3329:
3317:
3290:. Retrieved
3276:
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3252:. Retrieved
3247:
3237:
3225:. Retrieved
3207:
3200:
3192:
3185:. Retrieved
3180:
3177:"حروب الردة"
3171:
3159:. Retrieved
3141:
3134:
3122:. Retrieved
3116:
3094:. Retrieved
3088:
3078:
3066:. Retrieved
3048:
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2889:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2856:
2841:. Retrieved
2827:
2822:
2786:References:
2778:. Retrieved
2774:the original
2769:
2764:
2750:. Retrieved
2745:
2731:. Retrieved
2726:
2687:
2680:
2660:
2622:
2615:. Retrieved
2610:
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2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2578:
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2537:
2500:. Retrieved
2496:
2486:
2477:
2472:
2468:Ibn al-Athir
2445:. Retrieved
2427:
2422:
2405:, p. 86
2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2355:
2342:
2335:Perlman 2015
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2303:
2273:
2253:
2232:Fischer 1987
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2209:
2198:. Retrieved
2193:
2183:
2171:. Retrieved
2157:. Retrieved
2142:
2132:
2123:
2111:. Retrieved
2106:
2096:
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2069:
2049:
2042:
2033:
2016:
2010:
1987:
1980:. Retrieved
1976:
1907:
1903:
1900:Ibn al-Jawzi
1898:Recorded by
1894:
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888:Please help
876:
841:
830:
770:
766:
755:withholding
749:
714:In May 632,
713:
695:
675:
658:
656:
614:Abu'l-Saraya
608:Fourth Fitna
581:Ibadi revolt
535:Second Fitna
524:
395:
315:
302:
278:
260:
247:
223:
165:
104:Belligerents
18:
3750:10 February
3681:, 27 (2002)
3358:Donner 1993
3346:Donner 1993
3334:Donner 1993
3322:Lecker 1994
3310:Lecker 1994
3292:31 December
3212:(hardcover)
3187:10 February
3183:(in Arabic)
3161:27 February
3053:(hardcover)
2823:عبقرية خالد
2638:Lecker 1994
2585:22 November
2196:(in Arabic)
1914:along with
1219:Banu Hanifa
636:Fifth Fitna
621:East Africa
576:Third Fitna
530:First Fitna
83:Territorial
3781:Ridda Wars
3775:Categories
3710:Al-Qanṭara
3591:0691053278
3567:9004082654
3548:, 5 (1984)
3457:1 December
3227:11 January
3096:3 December
2993:. London:
2617:24 January
2502:1 December
2320:14 October
2217:9 December
2200:9 December
2194:Wikisource
2173:9 December
2159:9 December
2107:KOMPAS.com
1982:6 November
1839:References
1823:Jahiliyyah
1697:to Caliph
1671:Hadhramaut
1657:Hadhramaut
1437:Muhajireen
1361:Banu Tamim
1346:Banu Tamim
1322:Ridda wars
1286:Ridda wars
1278:Bani Malik
1272:preaching
1258:Banu Tamim
1237:, and the
1113:and their
1111:Banu Tamim
1071:Bani Assad
994:Ibn Kathir
957:Hadhramaut
846:clan from
801:Ghassanids
720:expedition
704:Background
691:Hadhramaut
659:Ridda Wars
612:Revolt of
569:Revolt of
525:Ridda Wars
463:Hadhramaut
396:Ridda Wars
255:Aswad Ansi
26:Ridda Wars
3732:1988-2955
3633:162695659
3493:1873-9830
3254:6 January
3124:1 January
3068:6 January
2843:17 August
2794:Al-Tabari
2780:17 August
2752:17 August
2733:17 August
2362:9 October
1866:romanized
1748:Aftermath
1406:Musaylima
1290:al-Yamama
1266:Souk Okaz
1227:Banu Asad
1215:Musaylima
937:Musaylima
877:does not
797:Banu Kalb
678:Hudayfa's
242:Musaylima
76:Caliphate
3625:25182938
3483:(eds.).
3469:(2009).
3431:16 March
3418:(1969).
2801:Ibn Sa'd
2658:(1981).
2447:16 March
2140:(2016).
1812:See also
1765:Abu Bakr
1714:Muhammad
1699:Abu Bakr
1621:to join
1587:Al-Abna'
1585:led the
1543:Al-Abna'
1391:Muhammad
1357:Muhammad
1316:and the
1294:Medinese
1270:Muhammad
844:Ghatafan
808:such as
799:and the
741:Abu Bakr
716:Muhammad
667:Muhammad
663:Abu Bakr
130:Abu Bakr
60:Location
3585:, 1986.
3146:(ebook)
2497:Mawdoo3
2432:(ebook)
2113:30 June
1938:Sources
1880:
1868::
1646:Bahrain
1640:Bahrain
1520:Al-Jawf
1410:Yamamah
1397:Yamamah
1376:cavalry
1235:Hawazin
1223:Tulayha
1189:Arfajah
1054:Bedouin
959:and in
945:Bahrain
941:Yamamah
898:removed
883:sources
745:Saqifah
418:Buzakha
316:†
303:†
279:†
268:Tulayha
261:†
248:†
224:†
166:†
85:changes
78:victory
55:632–633
3730:
3693:
3675:. In:
3662:604732
3660:
3631:
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3564:
3544:. In:
3534:
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3218:
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1926:, and
1857:Arabic
1805:Bajila
1777:Persia
1710:Medina
1667:Najran
1551:Badhan
1496:battle
1455:Aqraba
1330:Medina
1318:Yamama
1298:Medina
1233:, the
1115:Sheikh
824:, and
789:Mu'tah
781:Quza'a
773:Medina
753:Arabia
438:Yamama
423:Ghamra
350:
339:
325:
312:
299:
288:
275:
257:
244:
162:
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3658:JSTOR
3629:S2CID
3621:JSTOR
3449:[
3425:(PDF)
3275:[
2826:[
2768:[
2609:[
2476:[
2426:[
2352:(PDF)
1844:Notes
1742:Hijra
1678:Riyaz
1663:Kinda
1634:Abyan
1619:Mahra
1613:From
1609:Mahra
1559:San'a
1535:Islam
1531:Yemen
1526:Yemen
1516:Tabuk
1500:Dibba
1433:Ansar
1426:Yemen
1422:Mahra
1380:Azaan
1334:Ta'if
1326:Mecca
1274:Islam
1256:from
1254:Sajah
1099:Naqra
986:zakat
965:Mecca
961:Yemen
955:, in
953:Mahra
951:, in
947:, in
852:Mecca
833:Islam
777:Tabuk
757:zakat
687:Kinda
458:Dibba
433:Zafar
428:Naqra
413:Abraq
286:Sajah
3752:2022
3728:ISSN
3691:ISBN
3587:ISBN
3562:ISBN
3532:ISBN
3511:ISBN
3489:ISSN
3459:2021
3433:2024
3391:ISBN
3294:2021
3281:ISBN
3256:2022
3229:2022
3216:ISBN
3189:2022
3181:areq
3163:2022
3150:ISBN
3126:2022
3098:2021
3070:2022
3057:ISBN
2999:ISBN
2938:help
2919:help
2900:help
2845:2024
2832:ISBN
2782:2024
2754:2024
2735:2024
2693:ISBN
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2619:2022
2587:2021
2504:2021
2449:2024
2436:ISBN
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2364:2021
2322:2021
2309:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2219:2021
2202:2021
2175:2021
2161:2021
2148:ISBN
2115:2022
2082:ISBN
2055:ISBN
1984:2021
1916:Umar
1902:his
1878:lit.
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1736:The
1686:i.e.
1650:Hajr
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1464:Oman
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