459:. When he assumed office, the first task which Palmer accomplished was the re-organization of districts, in which nineteen new districts were created. Each of these was placed under the jurisdiction of a district head responsible to the Emir. The newly created districts were further divided into sub-districts, to allow for proper administration of the Emirate from the grassroots. Palmer installed Muhammadu Dikko as Emir of Katsina in 1906 largely due to his co-operation with the British administration. This was an early example of Palmer adopting the Lugard doctrine of Indirect Rule.
575:
497:. Palmer was a staunch advocate of the principles of Indirect Rule or devolved colonial administration which had been devised by Lugard and his successors in the government of Northern Nigeria. It greatly enhanced the prestige and influence of the traditional Muslim emirs and contributed to the rapid spread of Islam during the colonial era. The position of the Emirs was supported by Palmer and he strongly opposed the work of Christian missionaries, for example in Borno, contrary to the views of the governor,
1329:
835:
47:
658:
among the native cattle. In 1932 he effected more continuity in the administration of the
Protectorate by the establishment of a definite administrative headquarters in each of the four provinces with provincial offices which were to remain open for business throughout the Year. A small collection of
531:
there were then thousands of Muslim schools in which practically the entire time of the pupils was occupied in learning by heart and in writing portions of the Koran. Palmer, who was deeply interested in education, was anxious to improve on this system, and it was natural that he should turn his eyes
589:
In 1919 steps had already been taken to develop the important cotton and ground-nut industries, and experimental work in tobacco cultivation had been started. Later, in 1926, work was begun on a scheme for utilising the waters of the Kaduna River for the supply of the town. Progress was also made in
462:
He was one of the most prominent of the band of political officers who guarded and guided the destinies of the
Northern Nigerian Emirates and other political units, in the formative years round about 1910. By 1911, Palmer was Commissioner of Native Revenue in the north of the country. Their planning
701:
Palmer therefore found himself having to govern at a difficult time of high tensions in the island with
Cypriots seeking self-determination. One of the causes was failure of Colonial officials in too many cases to learn Greek or Turkish, the languages of the island, and of their consequent lack of
716:
There he completed the scheme for the improvement of the port of
Famagusta. A scheme for the reconstruction and development of the port was started in May 1931, and all work under contract was completed in March 1933. Subsidiary work on the scheme was completed in 1935, and the new harbour, which
622:
of Borno. In his journey across Africa in 1918, he was able to obtain first-hand information on matters connected with this subject. The results of these studies were embodied in a work entitled
Sudanese Memoirs, the last volume of which was published in 1928. This work was supplemented by a book
466:
In 1912, Lugard returned from Hong Kong to
Nigeria as governor of the northern and southern protectorates. Lugard's main mission was to complete the amalgamation into one colony. Although controversial in Lagos, where it was opposed by a large section of the political class and the media, the
336:(20 April 1877 β 22 May 1958) was an English barrister, who became a colonial supervisor for Britain during the inter-World War period. He served as a lieutenant governor in Nigeria, governor and Commander-in-Chief of The Gambia and governor and Commander-in-Chief of Cyprus.
512:
forces, and a further 1,800 were awaiting transport β a serious depletion of the garrison of the country. Palmer carefully considered the effects of the War on the Muslim provinces and was highly critical of the French
Administration in their colony nearby.
752:
Palmer returned to
Langham House, Oakham in Rutland. In July 1940, after his family were evacuated to the United States of America, he went to live in Keswick to practice as a barrister in Liverpool and on the Northern Circuit providing legal aid.
634:
nor the
Secretary of State of the merits of allowing an overall budget to be allocated to the lieutenant governor. This issue remains a matter of debate to this day. It may be that this dispute prompted his move to The Gambia.
613:
During the 26 years spent by Palmer in various part of
Northern Nigeria much of his leisure was occupied in attempts to find data for the completion of a true history of the more important units of ruling races, such as the
1011:
508:, the duties of senior administrative officers in Northern Nigeria were especially arduous at that time. By the end of 1917 some 6,600 troops had been dispatched to East Africa to take part in the operations against
697:
He also arrived in the middle of a two years' drought which brought the Cypriots to the brink of famine, destroyed a great proportion of their crops and livestock, and added to their heavy burden of debt.
630:
In December 1929, Palmer argued strongly for decentralisation of funding to leave discretion of expenditure to be determined within the Northern Provinces. He was not able to persuade the Governor
650:. In this colony he was naturally faced with problems on a smaller scale than in the vast territories of Northern Nigeria, but in 1931 he was called upon to deal with a serious outbreak of
1393:
1869:
1641:
1629:
903:
516:
Palmer studied the culture, languages and literature of Africa becoming an outstanding Hausa and Arabic scholar and an acknowledged authority on civilisation and literature of
1844:
1576:
1538:
328:
32:
119:
1756:
1727:
586:, capable of (ruling the) Empire, with his understanding and study of languages and was referred to locally as "Judgey", being the highest judicial authority.
1792:
1739:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1445:
1387:
1768:
1303:
1439:
705:
His rule in Cyprus was a strict one and his style of leadership was known to the people of Cyprus as "Palmerist dictatorship" or "Palmerocracy" (
1849:
1839:
1674:
332:
36:
1884:
1829:
1217:
1874:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1312:
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amalgamation did not arouse passion in the rest of the country. From 1914 to 1919, Lugard was Governor General of the now combined
126:
1049:
452:
in 1904. One of his early acts was to work towards the abolition of slavery that was still to be found in the Northern Provinces.
1468:
1376:
1353:
1347:
1360:
1342:
682:
joined with Germany and Austro-Hungary in World War I and, in 1925, had become a British Crown Colony. In 1931, there had been
498:
1894:
1296:
866:
1889:
1879:
1859:
1854:
1733:
1611:
1563:
1532:
935:
741:
183:
789:
The Occupation of the Hausaland: Being a Translation of Arabic letters found in the House of the Wazir of Sokoto, in 1903
190:
775:
Sudanese Memoirs: Being Mainly Translations of a Number of Arabic Manuscripts Relating to the Central and Western Sudan
717:
could not previously take ships of more than 2,000 tons, was enlarged to accommodate ships of from 8,000 to 9,000 tons.
1798:
434:
610:
in March and April, this being the first occasion on which the entire distance had been traversed by motor transport.
1079:
1037:
737:
729:
655:
1864:
1289:
1193:
1834:
1551:
881:
1715:
1703:
1697:
390:, playing wing three-quarter, in 1899 in the rugby Varsity match against Oxford. In 1899 he became a member of
1179:
Hiribarren, Vincent, 'A European and African Joint-Venture: Writing a Seamless History of Borno (1902-1960)β,
1780:
528:
438:
383:
1508:
1492:
509:
58:
540:. He therefore made an arduous and adventurous journey in 1918 across Central Africa from Borno by way of
1582:
1513:
733:
494:
1281:
1456:
962:
263:
1143:
764:
He wrote a number of translations of Arabic texts associated with the countries in which he worked:
455:
The appointment of Palmer as Resident in 1905 was a turning point in the history of British rule in
1587:
896:
851:
107:
1762:
1721:
1692:
1686:
1480:
533:
387:
368:
1635:
1617:
945:
925:
391:
251:
1709:
1663:
1647:
1623:
1605:
1593:
918:
345:
291:
171:
1824:
1819:
1427:
791:, collected by Major G Merrick and translated and edited by Mr H F Backwell, Lagos (1927).
449:
552:. This visit bore fruit when a training college for Muslim teachers was opened in 1922 at
8:
1680:
1668:
1433:
1411:
1399:
877:
560:
239:
1451:
1405:
1267:
1057:
952:
855:
683:
1334:
1033:
858:
536:
at Khartoum, where important steps had been taken to improve Muslim education in the
367:
in Northamptonshire, being recorded in 1895 as an exceptional batsman. He went up to
1774:
1118:
602:
in the province. Another important event was the journey undertaken by Palmer from
583:
564:
490:
486:
468:
445:
430:
372:
357:
353:
231:
159:
95:
574:
1745:
1519:
862:
847:
843:
702:
touch with the inhabitants. Palmer insisted upon a knowledge of these languages.
349:
235:
91:
1786:
1599:
1381:
873:
706:
679:
660:
631:
541:
395:
861:
officiating. Margaret Isabel was the daughter of Reginald Abel Smith J.P., of
371:
in 1896 as a scholar reading Classics. He was awarded his BA in 1899, and his
1813:
646:
In September 1930, Palmer was promoted to governor and Commander-in-Chief of
619:
413:
409:
364:
567:
from 1921, and was promoted to the substantive appointment in 1925 based in
1750:
819:, Journal of the African Society, 26, 103, β April 1927, β pp. 216β236
769:
History of the First Twelve Years of the Reign of Mai Idris Alooma of Bornu
517:
479:
1244:(Oxford; New York: Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 12.
1083:
1526:
615:
599:
521:
475:
379:
215:
1311:
651:
647:
402:
1271:
834:
825:, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 38 β 1909 β pp. 58β98
728:
He was awarded several honours throughout his career, being appointed
485:
He maintained the relationships which Lugard has established with the
356:. Mary was the great-granddaughter of John Higgin who was governor of
46:
674:
On 8 November 1933, Palmer became governor and Commander-in Chief of
607:
505:
219:
801:, Journal of the African Society vol 9 β 1909β10, β pp. 388β400
659:
artefacts from megalithic circles in The Gambia can be found in the
412:, he was called to The Bar on 15 June 1904 and was admitted to the
211:
147:
79:
756:
He wrote extensively about his African experiences in retirement.
691:
553:
456:
865:
near Waterford and Hon. Margaret Alice Holland, the daughter of
813:, Journal of the African Society15 -, 1915β16, β pp. 261β73
478:
between 1915 and 1916 and, in 1917, was promoted to Resident of
872:
They had two daughters. Their elder daughter, Jenifer, married
687:
675:
568:
545:
16:
English barrister, colonial supervisor & rugby union player
429:
Palmer spent the greater part of his long official service in
807:, Journal of African Society XIV, β 1914β15, β pp. 53β59
603:
591:
549:
537:
405:
as a stoker in 1903 to explore opportunities in gold mining.
638:
His departure from Nigeria was announced in February 1930.
1870:
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
595:
401:
Too young to be called the Bar, he worked his passage to
352:
and Mary Chippendall, who were married on 11 May 1867 at
314:
Margaret Isabel Smith, married 7 June 1924, two children
787:
He wrote the Foreword and arranged the publication of
1324:
463:
was accepted and confirmed by Lugard on his return.
1313:
Colonial governors and administrators of the Gambia
811:
Western Sudan history : the RaudthΓ’t'ul AlfΓ’ri
1845:British governors and governors-general of Nigeria
777:, 3 volumes, Lagos (1928), reprinted London (1967)
348:to Robert Palmer, a clergyman, of The Bank House,
1256:Arriving in Northern Nigeria (About 35 years ago)
1032:Macdonald & Jane's Publishers (1977) pg. 228
794:He also contributed to anthropological journals:
578:Sir Richmond Palmer Government House, Kaduna 1926
1811:
1121:Christianity in Borno State and Northern Gongola
663:'s study collection that was donated by Palmer.
582:He was a first class administrator described as
556:and attracted a promising number of candidates.
1371:Lieutenant Governors of the Gambia (1829β1843)
678:. Cyprus had been annexed by Britain when the
590:the construction of new European hospitals at
1297:
690:, the union with Greece. Government House in
880:. Their younger daughter, Virginia, married
1320:Commandants of St Mary's Island (1816β1830)
1242:Britain and the Revolt in Cyprus, 1954-1959
1146:Attitude of the Muslim Provinces of Nigeria
1304:
1290:
1173:
139:11 September 1930 β 12 April 1934
71:11 September 1925 β 12 April 1930
45:
1010:
416:. He was awarded Master of Arts in 1910.
1502:Administrators of the Gambia (1866β1901)
1227:
1225:
833:
742:Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John
573:
441:, a position held by Lugard until 1906.
1234:
59:Lieutenant Governor of Northern Nigeria
1812:
1012:"Palmer, Herbert Richmond (PLMR896HR)"
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
771:, Lagos (1926) reprinted London (1970)
203:8 November 1933 β 4 July 1938
1850:Cambridge University R.U.F.C. players
1285:
1222:
867:Henry Holland, 1st Viscount Knutsford
1260:Journal of the Royal African Society
936:Arthur Richards, 1st Baron Milverton
184:Arthur Richards, 1st Baron Milverton
1840:British colonial political officers
1657:Governors of the Gambia (1901β1965)
1421:Governors of the Gambia (1843β1866)
1004:
978:
805:An early Fulani conception of Islam
419:
378:While at Cambridge, he played club
13:
1885:Rugby union players from Lancaster
666:On 12 April 1933, he left Africa.
444:Palmer was appointed an assistant
14:
1906:
1830:Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
740:in 1933. He was also appointed a
1875:People educated at Oundle School
1327:
1247:
1211:
1196:Amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914
1186:
759:
493:and, as Lugard, worked through
1164:
1136:
1111:
1098:
1072:
1042:
1022:
904:Lieutenant-Governor of Nigeria
433:. His first posting was under
1:
971:
874:Edward Anthony Watson Bullock
747:
641:
529:Northern Nigeria Protectorate
439:Northern Nigeria Protectorate
339:
1895:20th-century English lawyers
686:of Greek Cypriots demanding
474:Palmer acted as Resident of
7:
1890:19th-century English people
1880:People from Kirkby Lonsdale
1860:Governors of British Cyprus
1855:English rugby union players
1016:A Cambridge Alumni Database
799:Notes on some Asben records
781:The Bornu, Sahara and Sudan
720:He retired on 4 July 1939.
495:Nigerian traditional rulers
437:, High Commissioner of the
394:invitational touring team,
344:Palmer was born in 1877 in
325:Sir Herbert Richmond Palmer
10:
1911:
1050:"Katsina Emirate Council,
1018:. University of Cambridge.
723:
625:The Bornu Sahara and Sudan
424:
1656:
1501:
1420:
1370:
1319:
1218:British Museum Collection
1170:West Africa, 22 June 1929
963:William Denis Battershill
959:
950:
942:
932:
923:
915:
910:
901:
893:
888:
852:St Michael and All Angels
829:
710:
669:
318:
310:
298:
294:, England, United Kingdom
278:
273:
269:
264:William Denis Battershill
257:
245:
225:
207:
196:
189:
177:
165:
153:
143:
132:
125:
113:
101:
85:
75:
64:
57:
53:
44:
23:
897:William Frederick Gowers
108:William Frederick Gowers
1865:Governors of the Gambia
1266:: 108β110. April 1942.
1254:"Palmer, Sir Richmond,
1001:, The Times 26 May 1958
878:Sir Christopher Bullock
627:and published in 1936.
369:Trinity Hall, Cambridge
363:Palmer was educated at
1835:Barbarian F.C. players
1119:"Hickey, Rev Raymond,
946:Reginald Edward Stubbs
926:Governor of The Gambia
882:Sir Paul Studholme Bt.
839:
694:had been burned down.
579:
252:Reginald Edward Stubbs
127:Governor of the Gambia
120:Cyril Wilson Alexander
1231:The Times, 3 May 1939
1194:"Salihu Adam Jiddah,
1028:Starmer-Smith, Nigel
997:Sir Richmond Palmer,
919:Edward Brandis Denham
844:Margaret Isabel Smith
838:Margaret Isabel Smith
837:
577:
172:Edward Brandis Denham
1104:Lethem, Sir Gordon,
1086:on 19 September 2008
450:Provinces of Nigeria
384:Cambridge University
1183:, 40 (2013), 77β98.
889:Government offices
561:Lieutenant Governor
360:from 1783 to 1833.
240:Neville Chamberlain
953:Governor of Cyprus
911:Succeeded by
856:Archbishop of York
854:in Waterford, the
850:on 7 June 1924 at
840:
823:The Kano Chronicle
817:History of Katsina
632:Sir Graeme Thomson
580:
408:Returning through
386:and was awarded a
191:Governor of Cyprus
1807:
1806:
1642:H. M. B. Griffith
1335:The Gambia portal
1240:Holland, Robert,
1181:History in Africa
1148:, 2nd March 1917"
1080:"Muhammadu Dikko"
969:
968:
960:Succeeded by
933:Succeeded by
876:, younger son of
859:Cosmo Gordon Lang
499:Sir Hugh Clifford
469:Colony of Nigeria
322:
321:
1902:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1251:
1245:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1115:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1082:. Archived from
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1060:on 22 March 2012
1056:. Archived from
1052:British Conquest
1046:
1040:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1008:
1002:
995:
943:Preceded by
916:Preceded by
894:Preceded by
886:
885:
744:on 22 May 1936.
712:
565:Northern Nigeria
559:Palmer acted as
491:Sultan of Sokoto
487:Sokoto Caliphate
420:Colonial Service
392:Percy Carpmael's
373:Bachelor of Laws
358:Lancaster Castle
354:Lancaster Priory
335:
305:
288:
286:
274:Personal details
260:
248:
232:Ramsay MacDonald
228:
201:
180:
168:
160:Ramsay MacDonald
156:
137:
116:
104:
96:Ramsay MacDonald
88:
69:
49:
39:
21:
20:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1687:Henniker-Heaton
1652:
1497:
1416:
1366:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1315:
1310:
1280:
1279:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1239:
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1200:
1192:
1191:
1187:
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1169:
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1155:
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1142:
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1137:
1127:
1125:
1117:
1116:
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1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1027:
1023:
1009:
1005:
996:
979:
974:
965:
956:
948:
938:
929:
921:
907:
899:
832:
783:, London (1936)
762:
750:
726:
672:
656:pleuropneumonia
644:
584:"capax imperii"
527:Throughout the
427:
422:
350:Kirkby Lonsdale
342:
327:
303:
290:
284:
282:
258:
246:
238:
236:Stanley Baldwin
234:
226:
218:
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197:
178:
166:
154:
138:
133:
114:
102:
94:
92:Stanley Baldwin
86:
70:
65:
40:
31:
29:
28:Richmond Palmer
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1908:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
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1645:
1638:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1618:T. R. Griffith
1614:
1609:
1602:
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1585:
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1471:
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1459:
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1437:
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1408:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1379:
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1345:
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1323:
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1317:
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1301:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1246:
1233:
1221:
1210:
1185:
1172:
1163:
1144:"Palmer, H R,
1135:
1110:
1097:
1071:
1041:
1030:The Barbarians
1021:
1003:
976:
975:
973:
970:
967:
966:
961:
958:
949:
944:
940:
939:
934:
931:
922:
917:
913:
912:
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895:
891:
890:
831:
828:
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826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
785:
784:
778:
772:
761:
758:
749:
746:
725:
722:
680:Ottoman Empire
671:
668:
661:British Museum
643:
640:
534:Gordon College
480:Bornu Province
426:
423:
421:
418:
396:The Barbarians
375:a year later.
341:
338:
320:
319:
316:
315:
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308:
307:
306:(aged 81)
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296:
295:
280:
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227:Prime Minister
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209:
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157:
155:Prime Minister
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117:
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110:
105:
99:
98:
89:
87:Prime Minister
83:
82:
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72:
62:
61:
55:
54:
51:
50:
42:
41:
30:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1907:
1896:
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711:ΠαλμΡΟΞΏΞΊΟΞ±ΟΞ―Ξ±
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684:serious riots
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414:Middle Temple
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289:20 April 1877
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1201:. Retrieved
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1154:. Retrieved
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1126:. Retrieved
1120:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:the original
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1058:the original
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760:Publications
755:
751:
736:in 1924 and
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629:
624:
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532:towards the
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304:(1958-05-22)
259:Succeeded by
198:
179:Succeeded by
134:
115:Succeeded by
66:
18:
1825:1958 deaths
1820:1877 births
1757:Chamberlain
842:He married
302:22 May 1958
247:Preceded by
216:Edward VIII
167:Preceded by
103:Preceded by
1814:Categories
1775:Wyn-Harris
1583:Gouldsbury
1457:MacDonnell
1452:Fitzgerald
999:Obituaries
972:References
957:1933β1939
930:1930β1933
908:1925β1930
748:Later life
652:rinderpest
648:The Gambia
642:The Gambia
403:California
340:Early life
285:1877-04-20
1698:Middleton
1552:Kortright
1533:Callaghan
1487:Robertson
1475:Robertson
1463:Robertson
1388:Clogstoun
1106:The Times
732:in 1922,
623:entitled
608:Lake Chad
506:Great War
346:Lancaster
311:Spouse(s)
292:Lancaster
220:George VI
199:In office
135:In office
67:In office
1746:Southorn
1734:Richards
1693:Armitage
1636:Llewelyn
1577:Berkeley
1481:O'Connor
1203:22 April
1156:22 April
1128:22 April
1090:22 April
1064:22 April
863:Goldings
848:Goldings
489:and the
446:Resident
212:George V
208:Monarchs
148:George V
80:George V
1787:Windley
1781:Waddell
1716:Workman
1704:Workman
1681:Cameron
1630:Moseley
1588:Moloney
1469:Kennedy
1446:Mantell
1440:Norcott
1428:Seagram
1406:Huntley
1382:Rendall
1377:Findlay
1361:Jackson
1348:Findlay
738:K.C.M.G
724:Honours
692:Nicosia
554:Katsina
548:to the
457:Katsina
448:in the
431:Nigeria
425:Nigeria
144:Monarch
76:Monarch
1763:Wright
1728:Parish
1722:Palmer
1710:Denham
1669:Galway
1664:Denton
1648:Denton
1624:Carter
1606:Carter
1594:Carter
1570:Cooper
1558:Cooper
1546:Cooper
1539:Fowler
1509:D'Arcy
1493:D'Arcy
1434:Ingram
1412:Ingram
1400:Ingram
1394:Mackie
1354:Hutton
1272:717683
1270:
1036:
830:Family
688:Enosis
676:Cyprus
670:Cyprus
620:Kanuri
569:Kaduna
546:Darfur
522:Fulani
435:Lugard
1793:Smith
1751:Blood
1527:Anton
1520:Bravo
1514:Patey
1343:Grant
1268:JSTOR
1151:(PDF)
734:C.B.E
730:C.M.G
707:Greek
616:Fulbe
604:Lagos
592:Enugu
550:Sudan
542:Wadai
538:Sudan
518:Hausa
380:rugby
331:
35:
1799:Paul
1769:Ward
1675:Gwyn
1612:Rowe
1564:Rowe
1205:2011
1158:2011
1130:2011
1092:2011
1066:2011
1034:ISBN
654:and
618:and
600:Kano
598:and
544:and
520:and
388:Blue
382:for
329:KCMG
299:Died
279:Born
33:KCMG
1740:Oke
1600:Hay
1258:".
846:of
713:).
606:to
596:Jos
563:of
333:CBE
37:CBE
25:Sir
1816::
1264:41
1262:.
1224:^
1014:.
980:^
869:.
709::
594:,
571:.
524:.
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398:.
1305:e
1298:t
1291:v
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1198:"
1160:.
1132:.
1123:"
1094:.
1068:.
1054:"
287:)
283:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
