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Empirical evidence can never establish mathematical existenceânor can the mathematician's demand for existence be dismissed by the physicist as useless rigor. Only a mathematical existence proof can ensure that the mathematical description of a physical phenomenon is
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Commenting upon his analysis of experimental results from in-laboratory soap film formations, Courant explained why the existence of a physical solution does not obviate
621:; and Leonore (known as "Lori," 1928â2015), a professional violist and wife of the mathematician Jerome Berkowitz (1928â1998) and subsequently wife of mathematician
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512:, with his numerical treatment of the plain torsion problem for multiply-connected domains, published in 1943. This method is now one of the ways to solve
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in 1909. They lived together in Göttingen until they were divorced in 1916. She was later murdered by the Nazis in 1942 for being Jewish.
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Oral
History interview transcript with Richard Courant on 9 May 1962, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
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359:. He wrote textbooks widely used by generations of students of physics and mathematics. He is also known for founding the
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In 1919, Courant married Nerina (Nina) Runge (1891â1991), a daughter of the Göttingen professor for
Applied Mathematics,
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1316:"Review: Methoden der mathematischen Physik, Bd. I, zweite verbesserte Auflage, by R. Courant and D. Hilbert"
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1259:"Hans Courant, 1924-2019 | School of Physics and Astronomy | College of Science and Engineering"
487:, which, with its revised editions, is still current and widely used since its publication in 1924. With
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and innovator in particle accelerators; Gertrude (1922â2014), a biologist and wife of the mathematician
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recognized his contributions to
Mathematics with their Award for Distinguished Service to Mathematics.
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471:(as it was renamed in 1964) is now one of the most respected research centers in applied mathematics.
448:, as his previous service as a front-line soldier exempted him; however, his public membership in the
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422:, but was wounded shortly after enlisting and therefore dismissed from the military. Courant left the
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was
Richard's cousin on the maternal side. During his youth his parents moved often, including to
197:
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853:
437:. There he founded the Mathematical Institute, which he headed as director from 1928 until 1933.
202:
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he coauthored a popular overview of higher mathematics, intended for the general public, titled
407:
1586:
1020:
Giuseppe Pelosi (2007). "The finite-element method, Part I: R. L. Courant: Historical Corner".
550:
418:'s assistant in Göttingen and obtained his doctorate there in 1910. He was obliged to serve in
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8:
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Weaver, Warren (1965). "Award for
Distinguished Service to Professor Richard Courant".
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in 1933, earlier than many Jewish escapees. He did not lose his position due to being
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639:, vol. I, translated by McShane, E. J. (2nd ed.), New York: Interscience,
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931:"Edmund Landau's Göttingen: From the Life and Death of a Great Mathematical Center"
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1352:"Review: Methoden der mathematischen Physik, Vol. 2, by R. Courant and D. Hilbert"
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1297:"Leonore Marianne Courant Berkowitz 1950 | In Memoriam | Reed Magazine"
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Transcending
Tradition: Jewish Mathematicians in German Speaking Academic Culture
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On the application of
Dirichlet's principle to the problems of conformal mapping
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Hitler's Gift: The True Story of the
Scientists Expelled by the Nazi Regime
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Courant in Göttingen and New York. The Story of an
Improbable Mathematician
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Knights
Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1226:, Stefan Hildebrandt & Anthony Tromba, Springer-Verlag, 1996, page 148
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in New York City. There he founded an institute for graduate studies in
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659:, vol. II, translated by McShane, E. J., New York: Interscience,
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1137:"Yueh-Gin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu Award for Distinguished Service"
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301:
67:
57:
1521:
2015 Video Interview with Hans Courant by Atomic Heritage Foundation
985:"review by E.I. of Introduction to Calculus and Analysis volume 1".
1129:
479:
30:
1198:"Dr. Richard Courant Dies at 84; Influential Mathematics Scholar"
565:. Here is a quote from Courant on his mathematical perspective:
546:
445:
399:
217:
71:
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329:(January 8, 1888 â January 27, 1972) was a German-American
382:. His parents were Siegmund Courant and Martha Freund of
1582:
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
745:, vol. I (2nd ed.), New York: Interscience,
333:. He is best known by the general public for the book
1277:"Hans COURANT Obituary (1924 - 2019) Pioneer Press"
1154:
1430:
1488:
1437:. New York, Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
826:
617:(1924-2019), a physicist who participated in the
452:was reason enough (for the Nazis) for dismissal.
1533:
1527:US News Rankings of Applied Mathematics Programs
1516:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
1612:People associated with the University of Zurich
1577:Foreign members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
1019:
841:
777:
734:
1667:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1061:Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
583:, who had earned her doctorate at Breslau in
556:
1597:Academic staff of the University of MĂŒnster
1453:
928:
872:
714:
694:
674:
719:, vol. II/2, New York: Interscience,
699:, vol. II/1, New York: Interscience,
530:Courant was an elected member of both the
469:Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
29:
1407:
1367:
1331:
1072:
908:. Springer Science & Business Media.
793:
406:there, then continued his studies at the
16:German-American mathematician (1888â1972)
1662:Fellows of the American Physical Society
1602:Academics of the University of Cambridge
1562:German military personnel of World War I
1313:
1195:
901:
788:, vol. II, New York: Interscience,
1500:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1054:
1013:
679:, vol. I, New York: Interscience,
654:
634:
508:Courant's name is also attached to the
501:he also coauthored the two-volume work
402:. He stayed in Breslau and entered the
343:. His research focused on the areas of
1632:Scientists from New Rochelle, New York
1534:
1239:. Jewish Women's Archive. 1 March 2009
1160:
1022:IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine
715:Courant, Richard; John, Fritz (1974),
695:Courant, Richard; John, Fritz (1974),
675:Courant, Richard; John, Fritz (1965),
601:Richard and Nerina had four children:
503:Introduction to Calculus and Analysis,
459:, Courant accepted a professorship at
1392:, by R. Courant and K. O. Friedrichs"
819:Methoden der mathematischen Physik II
717:Introduction to Calculus and Analysis
697:Introduction to Calculus and Analysis
677:Introduction to Calculus and Analysis
1652:Mathematicians from New York (state)
1552:20th-century American mathematicians
1425:
1346:
770:Methoden der mathematischen Physik I
1622:People from the Province of Silesia
1454:Medawar, Jean; Pyke, David (2012).
1382:
1196:Schwartz, Harry (29 January 1972).
1141:Mathematical Association of America
540:Mathematical Association of America
13:
1557:20th-century German mathematicians
657:Differential and Integral Calculus
637:Differential and Integral Calculus
484:Methoden der mathematischen Physik
366:
14:
1683:
1473:
1163:The American Mathematical Monthly
521:CourantâFriedrichsâLewy condition
157:CourantâFriedrichsâLewy condition
875:"Nodal Decompositions of Graphs"
574:
1523:Voices of the Manhattan Project
1458:. New York: Arcade Publishing.
1409:10.1090/s0002-9904-1951-09457-4
1390:Supersonic flow and shock waves
1376:
1369:10.1090/S0002-9904-1938-06791-2
1340:
1333:10.1090/S0002-9904-1932-05311-3
1307:
1289:
1269:
1251:
1229:
1217:
1189:
1074:10.1090/s0002-9904-1943-07818-4
902:Bergmann, Birgit (2012-10-22).
833:Supersonic Flow and Shock Waves
785:Methods of Mathematical Physics
742:Methods of Mathematical Physics
628:
519:. Courant is a namesake of the
1592:University of Göttingen alumni
1175:10.1080/00029890.1965.11970481
1105:
1081:
1048:
964:
938:The Mathematical Intelligencer
922:
895:
866:
553:on January 27, 1972, aged 84.
532:American Philosophical Society
514:partial differential equations
361:institute now bearing his name
357:partial differential equations
161:Courant's nodal domain theorem
1:
1484:Mathematics Genealogy Project
999:10.1090/S0025-5718-66-99914-5
929:Schappacher, Norbert (1991).
860:
534:(1953) and the United States
1617:University of Breslau alumni
972:"Best Applied Math Programs"
536:National Academy of Sciences
7:
1607:New York University faculty
768:) (translated from German:
455:In 1936, after one year at
10:
1688:
1419:
987:Mathematics of Computation
557:Perspective on mathematics
1672:American textbook writers
1224:The Parsimonious Universe
1055:Courant, Richard (1943).
817:(translated from German:
579:In 1912, Courant married
525:Courant minimax principle
505:first published in 1965.
478:authored the influential
320:
244:
232:
216:
185:
175:
168:
152:Courant minimax principle
139:
118:
101:
82:
40:
28:
21:
1572:Mathematics popularizers
1505:University of St Andrews
1314:Tamarkin, J. D. (1932).
835:, New York: Interscience
1637:German textbook writers
1034:10.1109/MAP.2007.376627
854:Oxford University Press
435:University of Göttingen
412:University of Göttingen
203:University of Cambridge
193:University of Göttingen
131:University of Göttingen
572:
551:New Rochelle, New York
450:social-democratic left
353:calculus of variations
94:New Rochelle, New York
1627:People from Lubliniec
1567:Mathematical analysts
1396:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
1356:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
1320:Bull. Amer. Math. Soc
993:(96): 634â635. 1966.
795:10.1002/9783527617234
567:
538:(1955). In 1965, the
510:finite element method
426:in 1921 to take over
424:University of MĂŒnster
198:University of MĂŒnster
1491:Robertson, Edmund F.
1402:(1, Part 1): 85â87.
1093:search.amphilsoc.org
1089:"APS Member History"
849:What is Mathematics?
655:Courant, R. (1936),
635:Courant, R. (1937),
494:What is Mathematics?
408:University of ZĂŒrich
371:Courant was born in
349:mathematical physics
336:What is Mathematics?
126:University of Zurich
1489:O'Connor, John J.;
465:applied mathematics
461:New York University
380:Province of Silesia
208:New York University
1203:The New York Times
950:10.1007/bf03028334
842:Courant, Richard;
778:Courant, Richard;
735:Courant, Richard;
607:particle physicist
585:synthetic geometry
563:mathematical proof
545:Courant died of a
433:s position at the
339:, co-written with
1657:Jewish scientists
1647:Fluid dynamicists
1495:"Richard Courant"
1465:978-1-61145-709-4
1444:978-0-387-90194-7
1117:www.nasonline.org
1113:"Richard Courant"
915:978-3-642-22464-5
873:John C. Urschel.
829:Friedrichs, K. O.
805:978-0-471-50439-9
752:978-0-471-50447-4
726:978-3-540-66570-0
706:978-3-540-66569-4
686:978-3-540-65058-4
666:978-4-87187-835-7
646:978-4-87187-838-8
625:until her death.
619:Manhattan Project
324:
323:
252:Leifur Ăsgeirsson
245:Doctoral students
170:Scientific career
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1303:. December 2015.
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844:Robbins, Herbert
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709:
689:
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257:Herbert Busemann
234:Doctoral advisor
228:
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86:January 27, 1972
50:
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33:
19:
18:
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1480:Richard Courant
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1427:Reid, Constance
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1377:
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1312:
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1237:"Nelly Neumann"
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772:, 2nd ed, 1931)
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631:
577:
559:
489:Herbert Robbins
430:
398:and in 1905 to
369:
367:Life and career
341:Herbert Robbins
327:Richard Courant
316:
307:Otto Neugebauer
267:Kurt Friedrichs
226:
212:
164:
135:
119:Alma mater
114:
97:
96:, United States
91:
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51:January 8, 1888
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35:Courant in 1969
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