167:
40:
619:" in 1977, the remaining members of the RCC formed the apex of the "revolutionary sector" that oversaw the government. They were not subject to election, since they held office by virtue of having led the 1969 coup—officially described as "the Revolution." As a result, although Gaddafi held no formal governmental post after 1979, he continued to have the most important role in the government of the country until his overthrow and
636:
557:
Although the RCC was theoretically a collegial body that operated through discussion and consensus building, from the start it was dominated by the opinions and decisions of
Gaddafi, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. As chairman of the RCC, Gaddafi was
580:
clan were removed from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed that this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and needed to be expunged. Many figures in the old regime were imprisoned, though none were executed. They maintained the previous administration's ban on
611:
which laid down five principles for the continuation of the revolution in Libya. This happened after increasing tensions between
Gaddafi and his colleagues in the RCC had led him to agree to step down. Gaddafi had told the RCC that he would announce his resignation to the people at the Zuwarah
572:
on 10 January 1970. All of them were young men, from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, and none had university degrees; in this way they were all distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who had previously governed the country. The coup completed, the RCC
553:
head of state. From 1970 to 1972, he also served as prime minister. The RCC was declared the highest authority in the Libyan Arab
Republic with the ability to exercise both executive and legislative functions.
471:
In 1977, the Libyan Arab
Republic was abolished and Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was established. As a part of this, the RCC was officially abolished and replaced by the general secretariat of the
1183:"Refworld | Libya: The role of Omar al-Meheshi in Colonel Qaddafi's revolution; his activities in the 1975 coup attempt and in developing opposition movements in Morocco and Egypt (1969 - present)"
592:
as the sole legal party of Libya. Gaddafi announced that it would bring true democracy with all participating, eliminate class distinctions and form a new socialist ideology based on
389:
722:
190:
669:
565:, control the Libyan Armed Forces and appoint a Council of Ministers. By 1975, Gaddafi became the only member of the RCC to initiate major political programs or policies.
561:
The 1969 Constitutional
Proclamation granted the RCC powers to declare war, conclude and ratify treaties, appoint diplomatic envoys, receive diplomatic missions, proclaim
1149:
17:
382:
1275:
532:
1113:
1391:
702:
375:
325:
185:
137:
1760:
213:
612:
speech, but he instead surprised them with his declaration of the
Cultural Revolution. This made Gaddafi the uncontested leader of Libya.
1375:
546:
449:
1301:
568:
Gaddafi remained the public face of the government, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed in the
1602:
1077:
157:
735:
343:
262:
362:
1713:
1691:
1582:
1061:
1034:
915:
861:
473:
250:
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88:
1249:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1648:
1629:
1558:
1539:
1499:
1477:
1452:
1431:
1672:
1610:
819:
195:
1765:
255:
1520:
489:
423:
519:. Egypt sent experts to support the Revolutionary Command Council which lacked experience. Gaddafi expressed
225:
485:
419:
1755:
608:
589:
573:
proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernising the country.
528:
907:
The State of Social
Progress of Islamic Societies: Social, Economic, Political, and Ideological Challenges
620:
348:
492:
converted themselves into a
Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), which governed the newly established
497:
1736:
Libya - Declaration on the
Establishment of the Authority of the People (Adopted on: 2 March 1977)
1114:"Colonel Qadhafi, Libya's Mystical Revolutionary: So much oil money, and so little to spend it on"
984:
740:
624:
616:
538:
905:
851:
1462:
1350:
1051:
1024:
757:
676:
300:
73:
585:. Further restrictions were placed on the press, and in May 1970, trade unions were banned.
166:
662:
493:
415:
115:
1410:
1374:
Nyrop, Richard F.; Studies, American
University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area (1973).
545:, and was recognized as both chairman of the RCC as well as the commander-in-chief of the
8:
1210:
709:
1385:
307:
1701:
Vandewalle, Dirk (2011). "From International Reconciliation to Civil War: 2003-2011".
1709:
1687:
1668:
1662:
1644:
1625:
1606:
1592:
1578:
1568:
1554:
1535:
1516:
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1495:
1473:
1448:
1427:
1230:
1121:
1085:
1057:
1030:
911:
857:
815:
655:
1442:
1325:
39:
1222:
683:
461:
453:
427:
69:
1572:
1182:
689:
648:
531:
in 1972 with Egypt and Syria. It was approved by 98.6% of voters in Libya with a
435:
407:
218:
127:
1735:
1730:
1487:
1109:
582:
431:
99:
824:
1749:
1234:
1125:
1089:
715:
695:
457:
924:
558:
officially entitled the Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic.
1658:
956:
1596:
1682:
Vandewalle, Dirk (2008). "Libya's Revolution in Perspective: 1969–2000".
562:
520:
465:
141:
1740:
940:
503:
The RCC was instantly recognized by the Arab nationalist governments of
1226:
145:
84:
440:
604:
597:
577:
542:
1512:
Qaddafi, Terrorism, and the Origins of the U.S. Attack on Libya
1302:"Qaddafi collaborator Khuwaildi Al-Hamidi dies of heart attack"
875:
873:
794:
792:
635:
593:
516:
512:
504:
103:
1619:
870:
789:
524:
508:
1004:
972:
496:. Below them was formed a council of ministers, headed by
777:
885:
523:, announcing the need for one united Arab state in the
488:
led by Gaddafi, the 12-member central committee of the
1620:
Monti-Belkaoui, Janice; Monti-Belkaoui, Ahmed (1996).
1574:
Seeking Gaddafi: Libya, the West and the Arab Spring
588:
In June 1971, Gaddafi declared the formation of the
414:) was a twelve-member governing body that ruled the
1326:"Invisible Dog – Khadafi's Libya and Today's Libya"
438:, who had the most influence and served as Libya's
1664:Libya and the West: From Independence to Lockerbie
904:Tiliouine, Habib; Estes, Richard J. (2016-04-08).
446:Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic
1703:Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi's Revolution Revisited
810:Nohlen, D, Krennerich, M & Thibaut, B (1999)
617:(Great) Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
1747:
1684:Libya Since 1969: Qadhafi's Revolution Revisited
1411:"Death of a Dictator: Bloody Vengeance in Sirte"
1181:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
1078:"Libya Names 12 Members Of Revolutionary Counci"
500:, to oversee the implementation of RCC policy.
1050:Obeidi, Amal S. M.; Obeidi, Amal (2013-09-05).
1731:Libya - Constitution (Adopted on: 11 Dec 1969)
1461:
998:
934:
903:
879:
834:
771:
1447:. Boston and Toronto: Little Brown & Co.
383:
1532:Qaddafi: His Ideology in Theory and Practice
1440:
1390:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1373:
1049:
1010:
990:
978:
830:
798:
783:
763:
643:The initial members (1970) were as follows:
44:Flag of the Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1972)
1700:
1681:
1567:
1551:Sandstorm: Libya in the Time of Revolution
1351:"What Will Libya Look Like After Qaddafi?"
994:
966:
962:
950:
946:
930:
891:
767:
390:
376:
38:
1529:
1408:
856:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 321.
1708:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 215–239.
1638:
658:(Vice-Chairman, Chief Executive Officer)
634:
1741:The Revolutionary Command Council (RCC)
1421:
1209:Tunesi, Ibrahim Sadoun R. (June 2023).
1108:
1022:
725:(died in a car accident in August 1972)
607:on 15 April 1973, Gaddafi declared the
527:. He proposed the establishment of the
158:Politics of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
14:
1761:History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
1748:
1657:
1548:
1486:
1441:Blundy, David; Lycett, Andrew (1987).
1208:
736:History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
18:Revolutionary Command Council of Libya
1686:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 9–53.
1667:. Oxford: Centre for Libyan Studies.
1508:
1204:
1202:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1143:
1141:
1643:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1591:
1273:
1247:
1180:
1147:
850:John, Ronald Bruce St (2023-03-15).
849:
845:
843:
812:Elections in Africa: A data handbook
615:After Libya was converted into the "
541:Gaddafi was promoted to the rank of
1641:Libya: The Rise and Fall of Qaddafi
1299:
411:
24:
1494:. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
1380:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
1348:
1211:"Sultanism and Civil War in Libya"
1199:
1167:
1138:
576:Monarchists and members of Idris'
25:
1792:
1622:Qaddafi: The Man and His Policies
1467:Libya: From Colony to Revolution
1444:Qaddafi and the Libyan Revolution
1026:Dictionary Of Modern Arab History
840:
83:Dissolved by the proclamation of
165:
1401:
1367:
1342:
1318:
1293:
1276:"Middle-east Arab News Opinion"
1267:
1250:"Middle-east Arab News Opinion"
1241:
1150:"Middle-east Arab News Opinion"
1102:
1070:
1043:
1016:
1530:El-Khawas, Mohamad A. (1986).
897:
853:Historical Dictionary of Libya
804:
448:and commander-in-chief of the
27:Government of Libya, 1969–1977
13:
1:
746:
723:Mohammed Abu Bakr Al-Magariaf
677:Abdul Moniem al-Taher el-Huny
630:
434:. The council's chairman was
404:Revolutionary Command Council
31:Revolutionary Command Council
751:
529:Federation of Arab Republics
525:Middle East and North Africa
7:
1553:. London: Faber and Faber.
729:
10:
1797:
1781:Political history of Libya
1724:
1422:Bearman, Jonathan (1986).
1053:Political Culture in Libya
670:Mukthar Abdullah al-Gherwy
479:
349:Third International Theory
226:General People's Committee
1776:Arab nationalism in Libya
1771:Collective heads of state
1509:Davis, Brian Lee (1990).
1409:Bouckaert, Peter (2012).
1300:Ash, Nigel (2015-07-27).
1056:. Routledge. p. 48.
1029:. Routledge. p. 47.
474:General People's Congress
251:General People's Congress
133:
121:
109:
95:
79:
65:
57:
49:
37:
1639:Pargeter, Alice (2012).
1549:Hilsum, Lindsey (2012).
1011:Blundy & Lycett 1987
991:Blundy & Lycett 1987
979:Blundy & Lycett 1987
831:Blundy & Lycett 1987
799:Blundy & Lycett 1987
784:Blundy & Lycett 1987
764:Blundy & Lycett 1987
651:(Revolutionary Chairman)
498:Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi
286:Courts of First Instance
1377:Area Handbook for Libya
663:Beshir al-Saghir Hawady
581:political parties, and
486:1969 Libyan coup d'état
452:. It was ideologically
420:1969 Libyan coup d'état
263:Basic People's Congress
1766:Military dictatorships
1463:Bruce St. John, Ronald
1280:eng-archive.aawsat.com
1254:eng-archive.aawsat.com
1154:eng-archive.aawsat.com
1023:Bidwell (2012-10-12).
741:Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
640:
625:First Libyan Civil War
490:Free Officers Movement
426:, which overthrew the
424:Free Officers Movement
1515:. New York: Praeger.
1426:. London: Zed Books.
1330:www.invisible-dog.com
1110:Sheehan, Edward R. F.
638:
535:on 1 September 1971.
74:Collective leadership
1577:. London: Biteback.
1472:. Oxford: Oneworld.
590:Arab Socialist Union
494:Libyan Arab Republic
416:Libyan Arab Republic
116:Libyan Arab Republic
1756:Government of Libya
999:Bruce St. John 2012
935:Bruce St. John 2012
880:Bruce St. John 2012
835:Bruce St. John 2012
772:Bruce St. John 2012
710:Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr
690:Khuwaildi al-Hamidi
684:Mustafa al-Kharouby
609:Cultural Revolution
603:During a speech in
484:As a result of the
138:Presidency of Libya
34:
1593:Metz, Helen Chapin
1569:Kawczynski, Daniel
1415:Human Rights Watch
1274:Al-awsat, Asharq.
1248:Al-awsat, Asharq.
1227:10.1111/mepo.12688
1215:Middle East Policy
1148:Al-awsat, Asharq.
1118:The New York Times
1082:The New York Times
698:(resigned in 1973)
672:(resigned in 1972)
641:
191:People's Authority
87:. Replaced by the
30:
1715:978-0-230-33750-3
1705:(revised edition)
1693:978-0-230-33750-3
1584:978-1-84954-148-0
1469:(revised edition)
1063:978-1-136-11578-3
1036:978-1-136-16291-6
969:, pp. 21–23.
917:978-3-319-24774-8
863:978-1-5381-5742-8
801:, pp. 62–63.
656:Abdessalam Jallud
444:head of state as
412:مجلس قيادة الثورة
400:
399:
326:Foreign relations
256:Secretary-General
231:Secretary-General
151:
150:
70:Acting Presidency
33:مجلس قيادة الثورة
16:(Redirected from
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1492:Libyan Sandstorm
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1355:Business Insider
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570:Official Gazette
462:anti-imperialist
454:Arab nationalist
428:Senussi monarchy
413:
392:
385:
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344:History of Libya
283:Courts of Appeal
214:Brotherly Leader
169:
153:
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53:1 September 1969
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1488:Cooley, John K.
1480:
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1424:Qadhafi's Libya
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995:Vandewalle 2008
989:
985:
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967:Kawczynski 2011
963:Vandewalle 2008
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951:Kawczynski 2011
947:Vandewalle 2008
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931:Vandewalle 2008
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892:Kawczynski 2011
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768:Vandewalle 2008
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649:Muammar Gaddafi
639:Gaddafi in 1976
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583:ruled by decree
549:, becoming the
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436:Muammar Gaddafi
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363:Other countries
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1655:
1650:978-0300139327
1649:
1636:
1631:978-1859723852
1630:
1617:
1611:
1595:, ed. (2004).
1589:
1583:
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1560:978-0571288038
1559:
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1541:978-0915597246
1540:
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1501:978-0283989445
1500:
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1479:978-1851689194
1478:
1459:
1454:978-0316100427
1453:
1438:
1433:978-0862324346
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1405:
1403:
1400:
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1397:
1366:
1349:Ashour, Omar.
1341:
1317:
1292:
1282:(in Ukrainian)
1266:
1256:(in Ukrainian)
1240:
1221:(2): 146–165.
1198:
1166:
1156:(in Ukrainian)
1137:
1112:(1972-02-06).
1101:
1084:. 1970-01-11.
1069:
1062:
1042:
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1003:
1001:, p. 153.
997:, p. 11;
993:, p. 63;
983:
971:
965:, p. 11;
955:
949:, p. 10;
939:
937:, p. 134.
923:
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896:
884:
882:, p. 134.
869:
862:
839:
837:, p. 134.
833:, p. 64;
823:
803:
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774:, p. 134.
766:, p. 63;
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703:Awad Ali Hamza
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1674:1-86064-988-2
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1659:Simons, Geoff
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1612:1-4191-3012-9
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301:Subdivisions
180:Constitution
134:Affiliations
96:Headquarters
80:Legal status
61:2 March 1977
1624:. Avebury.
1306:LibyaHerald
563:martial law
521:Pan-Arabism
466:pan-Arabist
245:Legislature
142:Libyan Army
1750:Categories
1522:0275933024
1360:2023-02-07
1335:2023-02-07
1311:2023-02-10
1286:2023-02-07
1260:2023-02-07
1192:2023-02-10
1160:2023-02-07
1131:2023-12-01
1095:2023-02-07
747:References
631:Membership
533:referendum
458:republican
418:after the
186:Jamahiriya
146:Parliament
85:Jamahiriya
1534:. Amana.
1386:cite book
1235:1061-1924
1126:0362-4331
1090:0362-4331
752:Footnotes
627:in 2011.
308:Districts
275:Judiciary
208:Executive
58:Dissolved
50:Formation
1661:(2003).
1571:(2011).
1490:(1983).
1465:(2012).
1187:Refworld
730:See also
551:de facto
441:de facto
123:Chairman
1725:Sources
814:, p528
623:in the
621:killing
605:Zuwarah
598:Marxism
578:Senussi
543:colonel
539:Captain
480:History
422:by the
338:Related
100:Tripoli
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714:Capt.
682:Capt.
675:Capt.
408:Arabic
1598:Libya
708:Maj.
701:Maj.
694:Maj.
688:Maj.
668:Maj.
661:Maj.
654:Maj.
647:Col.
594:Islam
517:Syria
513:Sudan
505:Egypt
104:Libya
1710:ISBN
1688:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1645:ISBN
1626:ISBN
1607:ISBN
1579:ISBN
1555:ISBN
1536:ISBN
1517:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1392:link
1231:ISSN
1122:ISSN
1086:ISSN
1058:ISBN
1031:ISBN
912:ISBN
858:ISBN
816:ISBN
515:and
509:Iraq
464:and
402:The
66:Type
1223:doi
430:of
89:GPC
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920:.
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