271:
255:
32:
466:
probably reduces respiratory infections but not mortality. However, the combination of treatments cannot rule out the relevant contribution in the systemic component of the observed reduction of mortality. There is no sufficient evidence to recommend that antibiotics be used to prevent complications
414:
The CDC has reported that antibiotic prescription is high; 47 million prescriptions in the United States in 2018 were made for infections that do not need antibiotics to be treated with. It is recommended to avoid antibiotic use unless bacterial infections are severe, transmissible, or have a high
347:
help determine the functional residual capacity and total lung capacity. To discover whether or not to perform a set of advanced
Pulmonary Function Testing will be based on abnormally high values in previous test results. A 2014 systematic review of clinical trials does not support routine rapid
467:
from an RTI of unknown cause in children under the age of 5 years old. High-quality clinical research in the form of randomized controlled trials assessed the effectiveness of
Vitamin D, another review of poorer quality RCTs addressed the effectiveness of
471:
for preventing respiratory tract infections. Despite some uncertainty due to small study sizes, there is some evidence that exercise may reduce severity of symptoms but had no impact on number of episodes or number of symptom days per episode.
446:
measured in vitro, insufficient clinical evidence has been published to determine whether standard surgical masks and N95 filtering facepiece respirators are equivalent to preventing respiratory infections in healthcare workers.
495:. Several factors explain winter peaks in respiratory infections, including environmental conditions and changes in human behaviors. Viruses that cause respiratory infections are affected by environmental conditions like
1192:
433:
found that narrow-spectrum antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, are just as effective as broad-spectrum alternatives for treating acute respiratory tract infections in children, but have a lower risk of side effects.
343:(PFT) allows for the evaluation and assessment of airways, lung function, as well as specific benchmarks to diagnose an array of respiratory tract infections. Methods such as gas dilution techniques and
407:
and common respiratory tract infections. This is because antibiotics were developed to target features of bacteria that are not present in viruses, and so antibiotics are ineffective as
364:
utilization in children screened with rapid viral testing is 77% compared with controls. In 2013 researchers developed a breath tester that can promptly diagnose lung infections.
1200:
803:
348:
viral testing to decrease antibiotic use for children in emergency departments. It is unclear if rapid viral testing in the emergency department for children with acute
636:"Applying psychological theories to evidence-based clinical practice: identifying factors predictive of managing upper respiratory tract infections without antibiotics"
1314:"Association of Broad- vs Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotics With Treatment Failure, Adverse Events, and Quality of Life in Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infections"
1365:"Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1566:
Del-Rio-Navarro BE, Espinosa
Rosales F, Flenady V, Sienra-Monge JJ (October 2006). "Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children".
838:
van Riel D, Munster VJ, de Wit E, Rimmelzwaan GF, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD, Kuiken T (April 2006). "H5N1 Virus
Attachment to Lower Respiratory Tract".
479:; ideal humidity for indoor spaces is between 40 and 60%. Therefore, relative humidity in this range can help lessen the risk of aerosol transmission.
231:
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) are generally more severe than upper respiratory infections. LRIs are the leading cause of death among all
985:
1517:"Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data"
1468:"Antibiotics for preventing suppurative complications from undifferentiated acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age"
1772:
429:
1234:
1221:
1139:
1131:
1111:
1103:
1068:
49:
1419:"Topical antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receiving mechanical ventilation"
1292:
1260:
1171:
1225:
762:
499:
and temperature. Temperate climate winters have lower relative humidity, which is known to increase the transmission of
270:
779:
203:
102:
77:
73:
506:
Of the viruses that cause respiratory infections in humans, most have seasonal variation in prevalence. Influenza,
387:
that need a more severe treatment course; antibiotic use is not recommended for common bacterial infections as the
247:
affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, but more dangerous strains such as the highly pernicious
1767:
888:
Zavorsky GS (March 2013). "The rise in carboxyhemoglobin from repeated pulmonary diffusing capacity tests".
1762:
1080:
535:
1607:"Exercise versus no exercise for the occurrence, severity, and duration of acute respiratory infections"
454:(ICU) have a higher risk of acquiring an RTI. A combination of topical and systematic antibiotics taken
737:
340:
1515:
Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Hooper RL, Greenberg L, Aloia JF, Bergman P, et al. (February 2017).
938:"Rapid viral diagnosis for acute febrile respiratory illness in children in the Emergency Department"
771:
458:
can prevent infection and improve adults' overall mortality in the ICU for adult patients receiving
1735:
416:
1280:
1248:
1159:
209:
108:
1312:
Gerber JS, Ross RK, Bryan M, Localio AR, Szymczak JE, Wasserman R, et al. (December 2017).
415:
risk of further complications if left untreated. Unnecessary use of antibiotics could increase
508:
463:
459:
420:
391:
will resolve such infections. This medicine does not effectively treat a viral infection like
522:
513:
634:
Eccles MP, Grimshaw JM, Johnston M, Steen N, Pitts NB, Thomas R, et al. (August 2007).
1685:
1668:
1135:
1024:
1013:"Detecting bacterial lung infections: in vivo evaluation of in vitro volatile fingerprints"
451:
376:
357:
1284:
8:
785:
559:
Thapa S, Gokhale S, Sharma AL, Sapkota LB, Ansari S, Gautam R, et al. (2017-10-01).
384:
1492:
1467:
1028:
1698:
1639:
1606:
1587:
1543:
1516:
1443:
1418:
1389:
1364:
1340:
1313:
1045:
1036:
1012:
962:
937:
913:
865:
662:
635:
587:
560:
258:
232:
213:
65:
1702:
1690:
1644:
1626:
1579:
1548:
1497:
1448:
1417:
Minozzi S, Pifferi S, Brazzi L, Pecoraro V, Montrucchio G, D'Amico R (January 2021).
1394:
1345:
1196:
1050:
967:
905:
857:
840:
775:
694:
667:
592:
496:
488:
476:
124:
116:
69:
44:
1072:
869:
610:
1680:
1634:
1622:
1618:
1591:
1575:
1571:
1538:
1528:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1384:
1376:
1335:
1327:
1040:
1032:
957:
953:
949:
917:
897:
849:
818:
712:
657:
647:
582:
572:
561:"Burden of bacterial upper respiratory tract pathogens in school children of Nepal"
361:
179:
1565:
1363:
Smith JD, MacDougall CC, Johnstone J, Copes RA, Schwartz B, Garber GE (May 2016).
1163:
1740:
1605:
Grande, Antonio Jose; Keogh, Justin; Silva, Valter; Scott, Anna M. (2020-04-04).
823:
517:
468:
408:
254:
686:
577:
379:
present on Earth can thrive in various environments, including the human body.
1465:
901:
344:
217:
1466:
Alves Galvão MG, Rocha
Crispino Santos MA, Alves da Cunha AJ (February 2016).
1107:
1756:
1630:
1252:
388:
1331:
1227:
Antibiotic Use in the United States, 2018 Update: Progress and
Opportunities
853:
84:, tend to be far more severe than upper respiratory infections, such as the
1694:
1648:
1583:
1552:
1501:
1452:
1398:
1349:
1054:
971:
909:
861:
698:
671:
652:
596:
155:
31:
1220:
1130:
1102:
539:
531:
455:
392:
171:
163:
143:
139:
85:
1380:
1067:
936:
Doan Q, Enarson P, Kissoon N, Klassen TP, Johnson DW (September 2014).
527:
400:
380:
353:
236:
221:
175:
147:
1727:
1533:
500:
404:
396:
244:
240:
159:
151:
81:
443:
372:
191:
183:
1108:"Antibiotic Use Questions and Answers – What Everyone Should Know"
542:, with the exception of rhinoviruses, tend to peak in the summer.
475:
Viruses that cause RTI are more transmissible at very high or low
611:"Upper respiratory tract: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image"
487:
Respiratory infections often have strong seasonal patterns, with
424:
128:
112:
1514:
837:
804:"Book Review – Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotics (Version 13)"
72:. An infection of this type usually is further classified as an
492:
274:
Deaths from respiratory infections per million persons in 2012
132:
713:"Upper respiratory infection: Symptoms, treatment, and causes"
115:
or vocal cords; sometimes, it is taken as the tract above the
1362:
349:
187:
167:
1416:
1011:
Zhu J, Bean HD, Wargo MJ, Leclair LW, Hill JE (March 2013).
352:
respiratory infections reduces the rates of antibiotic use,
1318:
761:
Beaglehole, Robert; Irwin, Alec; Prentice, Thomson (2004).
633:
248:
225:
120:
1666:
138:
Typical infections of the upper respiratory tract include
935:
558:
1667:
Moriyama M, Hugentobler WJ, Iwasaki A (September 2020).
1193:"Antibiotics — When To Use & Do They Treat Viruses?"
1279:
1247:
1158:
760:
427:, and other intense side effects. A study published in
1311:
538:
have variable peaks depending on the specific strain.
1604:
80:(LRI or LRTI). Lower respiratory infections, such as
1717:
1098:
1096:
197:
96:
1010:
986:"Breath Test Could Sniff Out Infections in Minutes"
16:
Infectious disease affecting nose, throat and lungs
1093:
1754:
764:The World Health Report 2004 - Changing History
693:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
442:Despite the superior filtration capability of
1669:"Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections"
795:
251:tend to bind to receptors deep in the lungs.
685:Thomas, Micah; Bomar, Paul A. (2023-06-26).
1611:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1568:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1472:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1423:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
942:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
931:
929:
927:
684:
534:) occur mostly in the spring and fall, and
1235:US Department of Health and Human Services
1222:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1140:US Department of Health and Human Services
1132:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1112:US Department of Health and Human Services
1104:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
30:
1684:
1638:
1542:
1532:
1491:
1442:
1388:
1339:
1044:
961:
890:Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
822:
661:
651:
627:
586:
576:
1069:National Human Genome Research Institute
924:
887:
269:
253:
1662:
1660:
1658:
754:
1755:
1686:10.1146/annurev-virology-012420-022445
1293:Department of Health & Social Care
1261:Department of Health & Social Care
1172:Department of Health & Social Care
119:. This part of the tract includes the
1412:
1410:
1408:
883:
881:
879:
801:
1655:
1190:
687:"Upper Respiratory Tract Infection"
462:for at least 48 hours, and topical
444:N95 filtering facepiece respirators
111:is considered the airway above the
13:
1773:Viral respiratory tract infections
1405:
876:
516:are more prevalent in the winter.
14:
1784:
1713:
383:are a medicine designed to treat
360:. The relative risk reduction of
204:Lower respiratory tract infection
198:Lower respiratory tract infection
103:Upper respiratory tract infection
97:Upper respiratory tract infection
78:lower respiratory tract infection
74:upper respiratory tract infection
1136:"Treatment for Common Illnesses"
1598:
1559:
1508:
1459:
1356:
1305:
1273:
1241:
1214:
1184:
1152:
1124:
1061:
1004:
978:
482:
235:. The two most common LRIs are
166:. Symptoms of URIs can include
1623:10.1002/14651858.CD010596.pub3
1576:10.1002/14651858.CD004974.pub2
1484:10.1002/14651858.CD007880.pub3
1435:10.1002/14651858.CD000022.pub4
954:10.1002/14651858.CD006452.pub4
831:
730:
705:
678:
603:
552:
1:
802:Dwyer, Sophie (1 June 2007).
565:BMJ Open Respiratory Research
545:
437:
68:involving the lower or upper
1285:"Antibiotics – Side Effects"
1081:National Institute of Health
1037:10.1088/1752-7155/7/1/016003
824:10.18773/austprescr.2007.042
367:
265:
58:Respiratory tract infections
7:
578:10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000203
536:human parainfluenza viruses
25:Respiratory tract infection
10:
1789:
1017:Journal of Breath Research
902:10.1016/j.resp.2013.01.001
341:Pulmonary Function Testing
201:
100:
1721:
1673:Annual Review of Virology
772:World Health Organization
491:more affected during the
43:
38:
29:
24:
1253:"Antibiotics – Overview"
1191:Kent, Dan (2019-03-01).
717:www.medicalnewstoday.com
91:
1332:10.1001/jama.2017.18715
1281:National Health Service
1249:National Health Service
1160:National Health Service
854:10.1126/science.1125548
419:infections, affect the
210:lower respiratory tract
190:, facial pressure, and
109:upper respiratory tract
653:10.1186/1748-5908-2-26
640:Implementation Science
509:Human orthopneumovirus
464:antibiotic prophylaxis
460:mechanical ventilation
337:
262:
811:Australian Prescriber
523:Human metapneumovirus
377:unicellular organisms
273:
257:
1768:Respiratory diseases
1164:"Antibiotics – Uses"
791:on December 5, 2004.
738:"Respiratory system"
452:intensive care units
417:antibiotic-resistant
385:bacterial infections
1763:Infectious diseases
1381:10.1503/cmaj.150835
1029:2013JBR.....7a6003Z
990:Scientific American
742:myhealth.alberta.ca
514:human coronaviruses
233:infectious diseases
76:(URI or URTI) or a
66:infectious diseases
39:Conducting passages
1291:. United Kingdom:
1259:. United Kingdom:
1195:. Washington, DC:
1170:. United Kingdom:
774:. pp. 120–4.
526:occur year-round,
489:temperate climates
425:allergic reactions
338:
263:
259:Respiratory system
50:Infectious disease
1750:
1749:
1534:10.1136/bmj.i6583
1326:(23): 2325–2336.
1197:Kaiser Permanente
992:. 11 January 2013
530:(which cause the
497:relative humidity
477:relative humidity
334: 1,210-2,090
117:cricoid cartilage
70:respiratory tract
55:
54:
19:Medical condition
1780:
1719:
1718:
1707:
1706:
1688:
1664:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1414:
1403:
1402:
1392:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1199:. Archived from
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
982:
976:
975:
965:
933:
922:
921:
885:
874:
873:
835:
829:
828:
826:
808:
799:
793:
792:
790:
784:. Archived from
769:
758:
752:
751:
749:
748:
734:
728:
727:
725:
724:
709:
703:
702:
682:
676:
675:
665:
655:
631:
625:
624:
622:
621:
607:
601:
600:
590:
580:
556:
469:immunostimulants
456:prophylactically
421:digestive system
409:antiviral agents
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
303:
297:
291:
285:
279:
212:consists of the
180:nasal congestion
34:
22:
21:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1730:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1665:
1656:
1617:(4): CD010596.
1603:
1599:
1570:(4): CD004974.
1564:
1560:
1513:
1509:
1478:(2): CD007880.
1464:
1460:
1429:(1): CD000022.
1415:
1406:
1361:
1357:
1310:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1263:
1246:
1242:
1233:. Atlanta, GA:
1230:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1174:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1083:
1066:
1062:
1009:
1005:
995:
993:
984:
983:
979:
948:(9): CD006452.
934:
925:
886:
877:
836:
832:
806:
800:
796:
788:
782:
767:
759:
755:
746:
744:
736:
735:
731:
722:
720:
711:
710:
706:
683:
679:
632:
628:
619:
617:
615:medlineplus.gov
609:
608:
604:
557:
553:
548:
518:Human bocavirus
485:
440:
370:
345:plethysmography
336:
335:
331:
329:
328: 867-1,209
325:
323:
319:
317:
313:
311:
307:
305:
301:
299:
295:
293:
289:
287:
283:
281:
277:
268:
218:bronchial tubes
206:
200:
162:types, and the
105:
99:
94:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1786:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:Classification
1715:
1714:External links
1712:
1709:
1708:
1654:
1597:
1558:
1507:
1458:
1404:
1375:(8): 567–574.
1355:
1304:
1283:(2022-11-11).
1272:
1251:(2022-11-11).
1240:
1213:
1183:
1162:(2022-11-11).
1151:
1134:(2021-10-07).
1123:
1106:(2021-10-06).
1092:
1071:(2024-01-05).
1060:
1003:
977:
923:
875:
830:
794:
780:
753:
729:
704:
677:
626:
602:
571:(1): e000203.
550:
549:
547:
544:
484:
481:
439:
436:
369:
366:
330:
324:
318:
312:
306:
300:
294:
288:
282:
276:
275:
267:
264:
202:Main article:
199:
196:
101:Main article:
98:
95:
93:
90:
53:
52:
47:
41:
40:
36:
35:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1785:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1679:(1): 83–101.
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1308:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1203:on 2020-11-14
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:(1): 016003.
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
991:
987:
981:
973:
969:
964:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
932:
930:
928:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
884:
882:
880:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
848:(5772): 399.
847:
843:
842:
834:
825:
820:
816:
812:
805:
798:
787:
783:
781:92-4-156265-X
777:
773:
766:
765:
757:
743:
739:
733:
718:
714:
708:
700:
696:
692:
688:
681:
673:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
630:
616:
612:
606:
598:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
570:
566:
562:
555:
551:
543:
541:
540:Enteroviruses
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:
519:
515:
511:
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
480:
478:
473:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
445:
435:
432:
431:
426:
422:
418:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:immune system
386:
382:
378:
374:
365:
363:
359:
358:urine testing
355:
354:blood testing
351:
346:
342:
322: 676-866
316: 446-675
310: 347-445
304: 245-346
298: 201-244
292: 152-200
286: 121-151
272:
260:
256:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
205:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
104:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
51:
48:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
1734:
1676:
1672:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1567:
1561:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1426:
1422:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1323:
1317:
1307:
1296:. Retrieved
1288:
1275:
1264:. Retrieved
1256:
1243:
1226:
1216:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:the original
1186:
1175:. Retrieved
1167:
1154:
1143:. Retrieved
1126:
1115:. Retrieved
1084:. Retrieved
1076:
1063:
1020:
1016:
1006:
994:. Retrieved
989:
980:
945:
941:
896:(1): 103–8.
893:
889:
845:
839:
833:
814:
810:
797:
786:the original
763:
756:
745:. Retrieved
741:
732:
721:. Retrieved
719:. 2021-11-19
716:
707:
690:
680:
643:
639:
629:
618:. Retrieved
614:
605:
568:
564:
554:
528:rhinoviruses
521:
507:
505:
486:
483:Epidemiology
474:
449:
441:
428:
413:
393:sore throats
371:
339:
280: 24-120
230:
216:(windpipe),
207:
186:, low-grade
156:otitis media
137:
106:
61:
57:
56:
532:common cold
512:(RSV), and
381:Antibiotics
362:chest x-ray
222:bronchioles
172:sore throat
164:common cold
144:pharyngitis
140:tonsillitis
86:common cold
1757:Categories
1298:2024-01-08
1266:2024-01-08
1207:2020-11-19
1177:2024-01-08
1145:2024-01-08
1117:2024-01-08
1086:2024-01-08
1077:Genome.gov
1073:"Bacteria"
996:5 February
747:2024-02-15
723:2022-07-01
691:StatPearls
620:2022-07-01
546:References
450:Adults in
438:Prevention
401:bronchitis
237:bronchitis
224:, and the
176:runny nose
158:, certain
148:laryngitis
1703:214601321
1631:1469-493X
1527:: i6583.
817:(3): 73.
501:influenza
423:, create
405:sinusitis
397:influenza
368:Treatment
266:Diagnosis
245:Influenza
241:pneumonia
160:influenza
152:sinusitis
82:pneumonia
45:Specialty
1695:32196426
1649:32246780
1584:17054227
1553:28202713
1502:26923064
1493:10329867
1453:33481250
1399:26952529
1350:29260224
1224:(2019).
1055:23307645
972:25222468
910:23333819
870:33294327
862:16556800
699:30422556
672:17683558
597:29071076
373:Bacteria
192:sneezing
184:headache
1741:D012141
1640:7127736
1592:7024017
1544:5310969
1444:8094382
1390:4868605
1341:5820700
1046:4114336
1025:Bibcode
963:6718218
918:2355039
841:Science
663:2042498
588:5652512
350:febrile
261:anatomy
214:trachea
129:pharynx
125:sinuses
113:glottis
1701:
1693:
1647:
1637:
1629:
1590:
1582:
1551:
1541:
1500:
1490:
1451:
1441:
1397:
1387:
1348:
1338:
1289:nhs.uk
1257:nhs.uk
1168:nhs.uk
1053:
1043:
970:
960:
916:
908:
868:
860:
778:
697:
670:
660:
646:: 26.
595:
585:
493:winter
332:
326:
320:
314:
308:
302:
296:
290:
284:
278:
133:larynx
131:, and
64:) are
1699:S2CID
1588:S2CID
1231:(PDF)
914:S2CID
866:S2CID
807:(PDF)
789:(PDF)
768:(PDF)
356:, or
226:lungs
188:fever
168:cough
92:Types
1736:MeSH
1691:PMID
1645:PMID
1627:ISSN
1615:2020
1580:PMID
1549:PMID
1498:PMID
1476:2016
1449:PMID
1395:PMID
1369:CMAJ
1346:PMID
1319:JAMA
1051:PMID
998:2013
968:PMID
946:2014
906:PMID
858:PMID
776:ISBN
695:PMID
668:PMID
593:PMID
520:and
430:JAMA
375:are
249:H5N1
239:and
208:The
121:nose
107:The
62:RTIs
1681:doi
1635:PMC
1619:doi
1572:doi
1539:PMC
1529:doi
1525:356
1521:BMJ
1488:PMC
1480:doi
1439:PMC
1431:doi
1385:PMC
1377:doi
1373:188
1336:PMC
1328:doi
1324:318
1041:PMC
1033:doi
958:PMC
950:doi
898:doi
894:186
850:doi
846:312
819:doi
658:PMC
648:doi
583:PMC
573:doi
1759::
1739::
1697:.
1689:.
1675:.
1671:.
1657:^
1643:.
1633:.
1625:.
1613:.
1609:.
1586:.
1578:.
1547:.
1537:.
1523:.
1519:.
1496:.
1486:.
1474:.
1470:.
1447:.
1437:.
1425:.
1421:.
1407:^
1393:.
1383:.
1371:.
1367:.
1344:.
1334:.
1322:.
1316:.
1287:.
1255:.
1166:.
1138:.
1110:.
1095:^
1079:.
1075:.
1049:.
1039:.
1031:.
1019:.
1015:.
988:.
966:.
956:.
944:.
940:.
926:^
912:.
904:.
892:.
878:^
864:.
856:.
844:.
815:30
813:.
809:.
770:.
740:.
715:.
689:.
666:.
656:.
642:.
638:.
613:.
591:.
581:.
567:.
563:.
503:.
411:.
403:,
399:,
395:,
243:.
228:.
220:,
194:.
182:,
178:,
174:,
170:,
154:,
150:,
146:,
142:,
135:.
127:,
123:,
88:.
1728:D
1705:.
1683::
1677:7
1651:.
1621::
1594:.
1574::
1555:.
1531::
1504:.
1482::
1455:.
1433::
1427:1
1401:.
1379::
1352:.
1330::
1301:.
1269:.
1237:.
1210:.
1180:.
1148:.
1120:.
1089:.
1057:.
1035::
1027::
1021:7
1000:.
974:.
952::
920:.
900::
872:.
852::
827:.
821::
750:.
726:.
701:.
674:.
650::
644:2
623:.
599:.
575::
569:4
60:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
