2804:
1084:
1170:
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170:
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563:
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33:
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Setelah datang ke Melaka, maka bertemu, ditembaknya dengan meriam. Maka segala orang Melaka pun hairan, terkejut mendengar bunyi meriam itu. Katanya, "Bunyi apa ini, seperti guruh ini?". Maka meriam itu pun datanglah mengenai orang Melaka, ada yang putus lehernya, ada yang putus tangannya, ada yang
1374:
Maka kata
Laksamana, "Adapun hamba sekalian datang ini dititahkan oleh Sultan Melaka membawa surat dan bingkisan tanda berkasih-kasihan antara Sultan Melaka dan duli Sultan Rum, serta hendak membeli bedil dan meriam yang besar-besar. Adalah kekurangan sedikit bedil yang besar-besar di dalam negeri
780:
After (the
Portuguese) coming to Malacca, then met (each other), they shot (the city) with cannon. So all the people of Malacca were surprised, shocked to hear the sound of the cannon. They said, "What is this sound, like thunder?". Then the cannon came about the people of Malacca, some lost their
1377:
Translation: Then the
Admiral said, "As for our reason for coming here, we were ordered by the Sultan of Melaka to bring a letter and a gift of sympathy between the Sultan of Melaka and the Sultan of Rum, as well as to buy large guns and cannons. There is a shortage of large guns in the state of
760:
Despite having a lot of artillery and firearms, the weapons of
Malacca were mostly and mainly purchased from the Javanese and Gujarati, where the Javanese and Gujarati were the operators of the weapons. In the early 16th century, before the Portuguese arrival, the Malays were a people who lacked
892:
This said village had about a thousand inhabitants, and was surrounded by very tall and very dense bamboo thickets, and fortified with a wall and a few small culverins. The same river as that of
Manilla circles around the village and a branch of it passes through the middle dividing it in two
638:, which is a breech-loading swivel gun. A new type of cetbang, called the western-style cetbang, was derived from the Turkish prangi. Just like prangi, this cetbang is a breech-loading swivel gun made of bronze or iron, firing single rounds or scatter shots (a large number of small bullets).
633:
which is similar to
Chinese cannon. Swivel guns, however only developed in the archipelago because of the close maritime relations of the Nusantara archipelago with the territory of west India after 1460 CE, which brought new types of gunpowder weapons to the archipelago, likely through Arab
1152:
as part of ceremonies (such as birthdays or weddings) of the many princes and princesses of the extended Royal family. Cannons were frequently presented to guests along with awards and titles, and were meant to guarantee the recipients' allegiance to the Sultan.
1125:
Many of the small cannons, often called personal cannons or hand cannons, had been received as honors and were kept and passed down in families, but in hard times they also served as a form of currency that could keep the family fed. As a recognized form of
1035:
along Borneo's rivers lived in fear of being taken by pirates who used both vessel-mounted and hand-held cannons. Villages and tribesmen that were armed with mounted or handheld cannons had a distinct advantage over those who could only rely on
580:
The lantaka is the "younger sibling" of the lela; they are smaller, with a length of less than 100 cm. Typically, the bore diameters of these cannons were in the range of about 10â50 mm. Many of these guns were mounted on
1220:, but they are most commonly found in the Muslim areas of Indonesia and Malaysia. The largest collection is in Brunei, where it is now illegal to export them. Even in other countries, a museum export permit is usually required.
781:
necks, some lost their arms, some lost their thighs. The people of
Malacca were even more astonished to see the effect of the gun. They said: "What is this weapon called that is round, yet is sharp enough to kill?"
1067:
of a birth or wedding, or to warn another hilltop fortress or riverbank fishing village of an impending attack, cannons were used to transmit messages telling of urgent or special events. Such events ranged from
677:
compared
Malaccan gun founders as being on the same level as those of Germany. However, he did not state what ethnicity the Malaccan gun founder was. Duarte Barbosa stated that the arquebus-maker of Malacca was
664:
De Barros mentions that with the fall of the
Malacca Sultanate, Albuquerque captured 3000 out of 8000 artillery. Among those, 2000 were made from brass and the rest from iron, in the style of Portuguese
650:
first came to the
Malacca Sultanate, they found a large colony of Javanese merchants under their own headmen; they were manufacturing their own cannon, which is deemed as important as sails in a ship.
682:. The Javanese also manufactured their own cannon in Malacca. Anthony Reid argued that the Javanese handled much of the productive work in Malacca before 1511 and in 17th century Pattani.
597:. Medium-sized cannons were frequently used in reinforced sockets on the vessel's rails and were sometimes referred to as rail guns. The heaviest swivel guns were mounted on modified
1240:(a noisemaker) or any improvised home-made noisemakers of the same firing mechanism usually made of bamboo tubes (Pula in Meranau or "Lapu"), segmented cans of condensed milk, or
657:. Michael Charney (2004) pointed out that early Malay swivel guns were breech-loaded. There is a trend toward muzzle-loading weapons during colonial times. Nevertheless, when
2803:
777:
panggal pahanya. Maka bertambahlah hairannya orang Melaka melihat fi'il bedil itu. Katanya: "Apa namanya senjata yang bulat itu maka dengan tajamnya maka ia membunuh?"
767:, mentioned that in 1509 they do not understand âwhy bullets killedâ, indicating their unfamiliarity with using firearms in battle, if not in ceremony. As recorded in
685:
Wan Mohd Dasuki Wan Hasbullah explained several facts about the existence of gunpowder weapons in Malacca and other Malay states before the arrival of the Portuguese:
2919:
826:(cannons) after their first encounter with the Portuguese in 1509 CE, indicating their shortage of firearms and gunpowder weapons. Malaccan expedition to Rum (
2797:
2249:
881:, is recorded as a fortified city with bamboo thickets and lantaka guns on its walls witnessed by the Spanish conquistadors on the Siege of Cainta in 1571.
2975:
4441:
2706:
3637:
845:, but also for safe passage through pirate-infested waters. Local foundries continued to produce guns, using local patterns and designs from local
3863:
2914:
2639:
2589:
1095:
Distinguished visitors were ushered into longhouses with great ceremony, accompanied by the firing of the longhouse's cannon, much like today's
2634:
2594:
1083:
2181:
1252:, with denatured alcohol or calcium carbide mixed with water as its "gunpowder" (fuel) and a small lighted torch or lighter as the igniter.
2277:
135:
2614:
2500:
142:
as an intangible cultural heritage of the country under the 'Traditional Craftsmanship' category that the government may nominate in the
3171:
692:
No evidence showed that guns were ever used by the Malacca Sultanate before the Portuguese attack, even from Malay sources themselves.
2701:
1197:
from 1841 until 1946) distributed numerous Brunei cast hand cannons to guarantee the cooperation and allegiance of the local chiefs.
208:
203:
143:
4456:
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2362:
2162:
1816:
The Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy of India, translated from the Portuguese edition of 1774 volume 3
1023:
If a native vessel was unarmed, it was usually regarded by the local populace as improperly equipped and poorly decorated. Whether
1169:
2716:
2540:
2073:
188:
2255:
1397:
4010:
3947:
193:
123:(lit. "small cannon"), the difference is that rentaka is smaller in length and bore than a lela. and Lantakas are often called
4015:
1985:
1496:
1600:
Schlegel, Gustaaf (1902). "On the Invention and Use of Fire-Arms and Gunpowder in China, Prior to the Arrival of European".
4401:
1832:
Charney, Michael (2012). Iberians and Southeast Asians at War: the Violent First Encounter at Melaka in 1511 and After. In
4217:
1849:
1145:. The larger and/or more elaborate the cannon, the greater the trade value, and thus the greater the status of the owner.
4426:
934:
2130:
198:
2214:
1958:
1767:
1740:
1715:
1683:
1248:
celebrations as noisemakers, or often in medium-scale gang wars. The firing mechanism is the same as of the original
998:
834:, which in reality based on the sending of a series of Acehnese embassies to the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century.
512:
980:
2270:
3858:
2002:
1063:
was extremely difficult and cannons were fired for virtually all types of signaling. Whether they were fired in
4421:
4375:
3164:
976:
4416:
4411:
3627:
1925:
1223:
These cannons are now highly sought after by collectors, with some of the realized prices exceeding $ 50,000
1975:
673:). All of the artillery had its proper complement of carriages which could not be rivaled even by Portugal.
4436:
4431:
3596:
1814:
1560:
1530:
921:
that were mounted on the palisades surrounding his kingdom. In 1570, Castilian forces under the command of
2062:. Vol. 3: 1569â1576. Translated by Gill, J. G. Ohio, Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company. p. 145.
1615:
Le carrefour javanais. Essai d'histoire globale (The Javanese Crossroads: Towards a Global History) Vol. 2
2263:
1886:
Artillery through the ages: A short illustrated history of the cannon, emphasizing types used in America
1134:, and even settlement of penalties for crimes ranging from the accidental death of a fellow villager to
3845:
3522:
874:
661:
in 1511, both breech-loading and muzzle-loading swivel guns were found and captured by the Portuguese.
233:
1056:
1028:
930:
4406:
3962:
3497:
3157:
2051:
670:
658:
329:
4446:
3710:
972:
961:
753:(fat, heavy and short cannon). The Malays also have one beautiful large cannon sent by the king of
576:
can be seen mounted on the raised platform. A wheeled cannon is placed on the deck, facing forward.
464:
1227:
for a single gun. The more common guns can be bought for under $ 1,000. Replicas and forgeries of
695:
Based on the majority of cannons reported by the Portuguese, the Malays preferred small artillery.
4380:
4197:
3589:
3130:
2285:
2193:
1409:
1329:
1024:
965:
797:
618:
614:
414:
92:
17:
3745:
3642:
2898:
1375:
Melaka itu. Adapun hamba lihat tanah di atas angin ini terlalu banyak bedil yang besar-besar.â.
1341:
364:
1757:
4045:
3616:
3537:
2055:
1209:, this time copied from European models and cast from church bells. One cannon founder was a
1206:
830:) to buy cannons never actually happened, it was only mentioned in the fictitious literature
674:
634:
intermediaries. This weapon seems to be cannon and gun of Ottoman tradition, for example the
505:
116:
3690:
3632:
2670:
2246:
has a collection of over sixty of these guns, most dating from the 17th and 18th centuries.
409:
228:
8:
4098:
4050:
3850:
1154:
885:
862:
1794:
1205:
against U.S. troops in the Philippines. They were also used by the Filipinos during the
4266:
3913:
3830:
3527:
2107:
1912:
Sejarah Melayu The Malay Annals MS RAFFLES No. 18 Edisi Rumi Baru/New Romanised Edition
1283:
804:'s account. Both recorded a similar story, although not as spectacular as described in
266:
181:
4255:
4160:
4000:
3952:
3883:
3788:
3770:
3581:
2791:
2081:
2024:
1981:
1954:
1763:
1736:
1711:
1679:
1439:
1245:
1234:
Today most of the Christians in Mindanao and the Visayas refer the word "lantaka" to
827:
810:
717:
647:
369:
339:
319:
837:
The Dutch and Portuguese quickly learned that they could trade cannons not only for
4276:
4119:
4114:
4060:
3840:
3820:
3740:
3685:
3227:
2860:
2427:
2377:
2047:
2014:
1297:
1269:
1210:
1149:
538:, which means "hammering down" or "ramming down", referencing its loading process (
498:
449:
324:
286:
221:
1633:
Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450â1680. Volume Two: Expansion and Crisis
1504:
1322:, a bamboo toy gun from the Philippines that originally referred to small lantaka.
4451:
4240:
4192:
4127:
3680:
3379:
3333:
3202:
3048:
3005:
2624:
2495:
1948:
1465:
The might of the miniature cannon: A treasure of Borneo and the Malay Archipelago
1311:
1141:
Large cannons had the extra value of being used in both celebratory times and in
1100:
922:
679:
434:
424:
419:
399:
169:
88:
4362:
4324:
3903:
3835:
3342:
3297:
3222:
3043:
2980:
2773:
2675:
2584:
2561:
2387:
2337:
2327:
1644:
Averoes, Muhammad (2020). Antara Cerita dan Sejarah: Meriam Cetbang Majapahit.
1202:
914:
815:
789:
763:
749:
732:
539:
531:
459:
256:
2218:
1617:. Paris: Editions de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. Page 178.
1130:, cannons could be traded for rice, drums, canoes, tools, weapons, livestock,
689:
No evidence showed that guns, cannons, and gunpowder are made in Malay states.
4395:
4352:
4304:
4040:
4030:
3923:
3878:
3780:
3735:
3715:
3492:
3443:
3358:
3348:
3063:
3053:
2893:
2850:
2696:
2574:
2452:
2442:
2417:
2382:
2286:
Indonesian traditional weapons, armors, and premodern gunpowder-based weapons
2137:
2028:
2019:
1834:
Waffen Wissen Wandel: Anpassung und Lernen in transkulturellen Erstkonflikten
1573:
1543:
1335:
1236:
1131:
1096:
1037:
727:
359:
304:
276:
112:
68:
1850:
The Organization of Production in the Pre-Colonial Southeast Asian Port City
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4234:
4175:
4147:
4093:
3908:
3798:
3670:
3242:
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3028:
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2835:
2629:
2619:
2599:
2483:
2437:
2422:
2412:
2392:
2352:
2332:
2252:, an online cultural center, has three more pictures of a gorgeous Lantaka.
1354:
1190:
1158:
1069:
654:
598:
469:
429:
379:
261:
238:
1161:
on these occasions; the louder and more elaborate, the greater the honor.
1157:, cannon, and signal guns of all sizes were typically fired with colorful
858:
4347:
4339:
4142:
4137:
4132:
3995:
3957:
3750:
3705:
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3675:
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2103:
1217:
1174:
1135:
1115:
910:
902:
878:
444:
394:
389:
354:
139:
96:
72:
1676:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
1378:
Melaka. While I see that the land above the wind has too many big guns."
4250:
4212:
4203:
4088:
4075:
4065:
4025:
4005:
3888:
3825:
3775:
3725:
3695:
3517:
3237:
3020:
2985:
2515:
2367:
2003:"Co-opting the Rival Ca(n)non the Turkish Episode of Hikayat Hang Tuah"
1060:
704:
626:
590:
479:
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384:
314:
84:
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3730:
3720:
3665:
3507:
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3477:
3460:
3207:
3197:
2845:
2347:
1796:
A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries
1483:
Peperangan dalam Historiografi Johor: Kajian Terhadap Tuhfat Al-Nafis
1216:
Today these guns can be found on virtually all of the islands of the
1032:
926:
850:
842:
610:
593:. The smaller ones could be mounted almost anywhere including in the
374:
334:
309:
100:
3302:
950:
884:
As described in an anonymous 1572 account documented in Volume 3 of
562:
4319:
4152:
3990:
3942:
3918:
3760:
3755:
3660:
3652:
3565:
3277:
3272:
3262:
3212:
3149:
3010:
2929:
2758:
2721:
2510:
2322:
1241:
1127:
739:
484:
404:
349:
108:
50:
2182:"Lantaka is one of several names for small hand carried rail guns"
1901:, with introduction and notes by A. Bausani, Rome, 1970, page 138.
1118:
demanded by the family of an exceptionally desirable bride or the
554:
means "stamping the feet in anger", "pounding the feet together".
4289:
4245:
4222:
4183:
4171:
3980:
3812:
3793:
3612:
3570:
3560:
3482:
3453:
3426:
3374:
3312:
3292:
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2924:
2878:
2827:
2763:
2753:
2711:
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2609:
2535:
2525:
2505:
2402:
2372:
2342:
2317:
2308:
1572:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1542:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1325:
1319:
1194:
1186:
1077:
1073:
1045:
906:
854:
754:
630:
594:
568:
454:
439:
344:
281:
32:
95:. It was commonly equipped by native seafaring vessels from the
4228:
4070:
3970:
3893:
3873:
3868:
3808:
3550:
3512:
3449:
3287:
3252:
3247:
3232:
3217:
3086:
3081:
3073:
3058:
2970:
2962:
2870:
2768:
2737:
2649:
2604:
2579:
2520:
2473:
2407:
2397:
2357:
1111:
1107:
1099:. These cannons were a display of the status and wealth of the
1076:
epidemics to the start or finish of religious holidays such as
918:
898:
838:
635:
582:
543:
161:
147:
104:
80:
76:
1585:
3555:
3545:
3421:
3400:
3307:
3282:
3267:
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2990:
2691:
2665:
2565:
2530:
2468:
2447:
2432:
2243:
1193:(a wealthy Englishman who established the dynasty that ruled
1119:
1064:
1041:
846:
653:
Most lantakas were made of bronze and the earliest ones were
3405:
3317:
2478:
1049:
1011:
622:
1930:
Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1485:. Kuala Lumpur: Akademi Pengajian Islam Universiti Malaya.
814:
narrates a Malaccan expedition to the country of Rum (the
617:
archipelago can be traced from the late 13th century. The
3338:
1888:. U.S. Department of the Interior Washington. p. 34.
1224:
1142:
2042:
2040:
2038:
1854:
Brides of the Sea: Asian Port Cities in the Colonial Era
146:. The documentation of the craft was aided by ICHCAP of
1733:
Kearifan Tempatan: Pandainya Melayu Dalam Karya Sastera
1588:
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa Edisi Keempat
3611:
2035:
1259:
743:
between a six and a ten-pounder, probably refers to
699:
The cannons found in Malacca were of various types:
1338:, a type of cannon similar but larger than lantaka.
925:captured Manila and took these artillery pieces as
3123:
2056:"Relation of the Conquest of the Island of Luzon"
1148:Many of the finest cannons were given out by the
1091:from the Sulu Archipelago, Honolulu Museum of Art
1055:Land transportation in the 17th and 18th century
4393:
3889:Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket
1914:. Academic Art & Printing Services Sdn. Bhd.
1532:An Abridged Malay-English Dictionary (Romanised)
1110:had value and were used as trade items in early
3924:Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket
2155:
2046:
1635:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
3597:
3165:
2271:
1351:(lela and lantaka) used mainly as a currency.
1189:began suppressing piracy and headhunting and
506:
1662:Netherlands India: A Study of Plural Economy
1231:are known to exist in considerable numbers.
1213:named Jose Ignacio Pawa, a blacksmith also.
136:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
979:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3604:
3590:
3172:
3158:
2278:
2264:
2066:
1950:Portuguese Documents on Malacca: 1509â1511
1755:
513:
499:
2179:
2018:
2000:
1865:
1558:
1528:
1357:, local term for gunpowder based weapons.
999:Learn how and when to remove this message
144:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
4442:Indigenous culture of the Tagalog people
2109:The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes
1856:(pp. 54â74). University of Hawaii Press.
1792:
1594:
1398:BLADE CULTURE AND THE ADVENT OF FIREARMS
1181:with various arms and armor (circa 1900)
1168:
1082:
1010:
721:(cast bronze swivel gun larger than the
561:
31:
1946:
1866:Hasbullah, Wan Mohd Dasuki Wan (2020).
1844:
1842:
1788:
1786:
1705:
1586:Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (2008).
1565:. Hongkong: Kelly & Walsh, limited.
1535:. Kuala Lumpur: F.M.S Government Press.
566:18th-century engraving of a Philippine
14:
4394:
4011:Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages
3948:Artillery of France in the Middle Ages
3781:San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon
2296:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1808:
1806:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1480:
1328:, earlier 14th century cannon used by
1114:. Cannons were frequently part of the
127:in Filipino (literal meaning cannon).
4016:Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty
3585:
3153:
3112:
2950:
2815:
2462:Daggers (Belati) & knives (Pisau)
2295:
2259:
2096:
1973:
1828:
1826:
1812:
1759:A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder
1730:
1656:
1654:
1590:. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
1524:
1522:
1476:
1474:
917:commissioned Panday Pira to cast the
877:located in the opposite banks of the
868:
725:, 1 to 2-pounder, probably refers to
3179:
2951:
2816:
1923:
1839:
1783:
1554:
1552:
1462:
1434:
1432:
1430:
977:adding citations to reliable sources
944:
3851:Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle
1874:
1803:
1692:
1673:
1638:
1620:
935:Governor-General of the Philippines
209:Siege artillery in the US Civil War
204:Field artillery in the US Civil War
24:
3498:Filipino Marine Scout Sniper Rifle
2001:Braginsky, Vladimir (2012-12-08).
1823:
1749:
1708:Southeast Asian warfare, 1300â1900
1667:
1664:. Cambridge University Press. p. 9
1651:
1519:
1471:
1440:"Cannons of the Malay Archipelago"
940:
629:). This resulted in eastern-style
625:in the form of a cannon (Chinese:
262:Cannons of Maritime Southeast Asia
199:Naval artillery in the Age of Sail
168:
25:
4468:
2307:Swords (Pedang) & cutlasses (
2236:
2102:
2060:The Philippine Islands, 1493â1898
1953:. National Archives of Malaysia.
1579:
1559:Wilkinson, Richard James (1901).
1549:
1529:Wilkinson, Richard James (1908).
1456:
1427:
1201:was used by Moro soldiers in the
1031:, the villagers who lived in the
2802:
2796:
2790:
1567:
1537:
1304:
1290:
1276:
1262:
949:
621:brought gunpowder technology to
4457:16th-century military equipment
2207:
2173:
2123:
2078:Presidential Museum and Library
1994:
1974:Schap, Bot Genoot, ed. (2010).
1967:
1940:
1926:"Portuguese History of Malacca"
1917:
1904:
1892:
1859:
1724:
1607:
1410:"Borneo Brass Cannon (Lantaka)"
1367:
1244:. They are usually used during
1103:that controlled the longhouse.
761:firearms. The Malay chronicle,
4376:Category:Early modern firearms
3884:Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle
3855:Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle
1819:. London: The Hakluyt Society.
1813:Birch, Walter de Gray (1875).
1489:
1402:
1391:
659:Malacca fell to the Portuguese
557:
13:
1:
3841:Cookson M1750 repeating rifle
3821:Belton M1777 repeating musket
1899:Lettera di Giovanni da Empoli
1497:"ICHCAP | e-Knowledge Center"
1384:
1164:
1106:All worked brass, bronze and
849:and bronze objects. Stylized
189:Artillery in the Song dynasty
115:and rentaka are known by the
3967:Byzantine fire tube (cannon)
3113:
1481:Ismail, Norain B.T. (2012).
1463:Teoh, Alex Eng Kean (2005).
909:on the northern bank of the
641:
601:to make them more portable.
589:in Malay) and were known as
525:
194:Artillery in the Middle Ages
7:
4108:Medieval large calibre guns
3756:Nock M1779 seven barrel gun
3726:Huo Qiang lance hand cannon
2180:Gaysowski, Richard (2000).
1870:. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
1255:
873:The ancient walled city of
530:The name may stem from the
10:
4473:
4427:Weapons of the Philippines
3846:M1696 French common musket
3523:GA Personal Defense Weapon
2052:Robertson, James Alexander
1910:Kheng, Cheah Boon (1998).
1884:Manucy, Albert C. (1949).
1852:. In Broeze, Frank (Ed.),
1756:Partington, J. R. (1999).
1731:Hamid, Rahimah A. (2015).
1562:A Malay-English dictionary
888:'s compiled translations:
604:
234:List of cannon projectiles
4371:
4338:
4275:
4189:Byzantine rocket launcher
4169:
4107:
3963:Breech-loading swivel gun
3932:
3807:
3776:Puckle Î1717 revolver gun
3651:
3623:
3536:
3470:
3435:
3414:
3388:
3367:
3326:
3185:
3119:
3108:
3072:
3019:
2961:
2957:
2946:
2907:
2869:
2826:
2822:
2811:
2788:
2746:
2730:
2684:
2658:
2559:
2461:
2306:
2302:
2291:
2250:The Temple of Proportions
2163:"Miguel LĂłpez de Legazpi"
1980:. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa.
1706:Charney, Michael (2004).
1660:Furnivall, J. S. (2010).
1015:Collection of Philippine
671:breech-loading swivel gun
330:Breech-loading swivel gun
3799:Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon
3746:Meriam kecil hand cannon
3711:Heilongjiang hand cannon
3671:Bedil tumbak hand cannon
1361:
465:Self-propelled artillery
4402:PhilippineâAmerican War
4381:Category:Early firearms
4198:Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet
3538:Associated martial arts
3131:Weapons of pencak silat
1868:Senjata Api Alam Melayu
1793:Crawfurd, John (1856).
1613:Lombard, Denys (1990).
1138:against another tribe.
931:Miguel LĂłpez de Legazpi
798:Manuel de Faria y Sousa
619:Mongol invasion of Java
613:-based weaponry in the
415:Large-calibre artillery
93:Maritime Southeast Asia
87:, sometimes mounted on
75:: ۱ÙŰȘۧک) was a type of
3785:Shou Chong hand cannon
3643:History of the firearm
2899:Miniature meriam kecil
2215:"used cannon for sale"
1947:Pintado, M.J. (1993).
1848:Reid, Anthony (1989).
1674:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004).
1631:Reid, Anthony (1993).
1182:
1092:
1020:
895:
783:
577:
365:Double-barreled cannon
173:
40:
4422:Indonesian inventions
4231:rocket arrow launcher
4225:rocket arrow launcher
4209:Fire crow rocket bomb
3836:Che Dian Chong musket
3721:Huo Chong hand cannon
3415:Pole or spear weapons
2920:Bujang Timpang Berang
2747:Miscellaneous weapons
2685:Pole or spear weapons
2074:"Pre-Colonial Manila"
1799:. Bradbury and Evans.
1414:michaelbackmanltd.com
1207:Philippine Revolution
1172:
1086:
1014:
929:, presenting them to
890:
773:
707:, probably refers to
675:Afonso de Albuquerque
565:
172:
35:
4417:Culture of Indonesia
4412:Weapons of Indonesia
4218:Hale rocket launcher
3909:Spanish M1752 musket
3789:Tanegashima arquebus
3691:English horse pistol
3633:History of gunpowder
2244:Sea Research Society
2020:10.37052/ml.25(2)no5
1977:Hikayat Hang Tuah II
1836:. Hamburger Edition.
1344:, a tiny version of
1019:in a European museum
973:improve this section
933:, the first Spanish
897:In the walls of old
703:(1/4 to 1/2-pounder
410:Infantry support gun
4437:Culture of Malaysia
4432:Weapons of Malaysia
4237:(Chinese petroleum)
4128:Dardanelles bombard
4099:Wuwei Bronze Cannon
4051:Obusier de vaisseau
3124:Traditional weapons
2221:on February 7, 2009
2192:(2). Archived from
1122:paid to the groom.
901:, a gunsmith named
886:Blair and Robertson
546:in Malay is called
156:Part of a series on
4267:Thunder crash bomb
3914:Springfield musket
3831:Charleville musket
3731:Istinggar arquebus
3546:Arnis/Kali/Eskrima
2564:) & machetes (
2297:Traditional weapon
2167:paratodomexico.com
1507:on 1 February 2018
1284:Philippines portal
1191:Rajah James Brooke
1183:
1093:
1021:
869:In the Philippines
578:
174:
41:
4389:
4388:
4277:Firing mechanisms
4256:Petroleum naphtha
4161:Pumhart von Steyr
4124:Byzantine bombard
4026:Hu Dun Pao cannon
3826:Brown Bess musket
3579:
3578:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2048:Blair, Emma Helen
1987:978-979-069-058-5
1924:Koek, E. (1886).
1648:, 3(2), 89 â 100.
1467:. Asean Heritage.
1150:Sultans of Brunei
1009:
1008:
1001:
832:Hikayat Hang Tuah
822:(guns) and large
811:Epic of Hang Tuah
550:. The Malay word
523:
522:
340:Coastal artillery
134:was cited by the
16:(Redirected from
4464:
4407:Javanese culture
4061:Pierrier a boite
3794:Toradar arquebus
3741:Jiaozhi arquebus
3666:Bajozutsu pistol
3606:
3599:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3180:Filipino weapons
3174:
3167:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3109:
2959:
2958:
2952:Armor and outfit
2948:
2947:
2824:
2823:
2817:Gunpowder weapon
2813:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2731:Flexible weapons
2428:Piso Sanalenggam
2378:Langgai Tinggang
2304:
2303:
2293:
2292:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2256:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2217:. Archived from
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2186:The Artilleryman
2177:
2171:
2170:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2143:on July 21, 2011
2142:
2136:. Archived from
2135:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2080:. Archived from
2070:
2064:
2063:
2044:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2007:Malay Literature
1998:
1992:
1991:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1872:
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1846:
1837:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1735:. Penerbit USM.
1728:
1722:
1721:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1671:
1665:
1658:
1649:
1642:
1636:
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1591:
1583:
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1570:
1566:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1503:. Archived from
1493:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1444:www.acant.org.au
1436:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1379:
1371:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1298:Singapore portal
1295:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1270:Indonesia portal
1267:
1266:
1265:
1211:Chinese Filipino
1177:double-barreled
1027:, fishermen, or
1004:
997:
993:
990:
984:
953:
945:
737:(long cannon or
515:
508:
501:
450:Recoilless rifle
282:Majapahit cannon
153:
152:
91:and warships in
89:merchant vessels
61:) also known as
27:Malay swivel gun
21:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4447:Naval artillery
4392:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4367:
4334:
4271:
4241:Mysorean rocket
4193:Congreve rocket
4165:
4103:
3928:
3803:
3681:Combination gun
3647:
3619:
3617:thermal weapons
3610:
3580:
3575:
3532:
3466:
3431:
3410:
3384:
3363:
3322:
3181:
3178:
3148:
3135:
3115:
3096:
3068:
3015:
3006:Peurise Teumaga
2953:
2934:
2903:
2865:
2818:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2778:
2742:
2726:
2680:
2654:
2625:Parang Chandong
2555:
2457:
2298:
2287:
2284:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2208:
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2178:
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2144:
2140:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2084:on 9 March 2016
2072:
2071:
2067:
2054:, eds. (1903).
2045:
2036:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1945:
1941:
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1918:
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1905:
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1372:
1368:
1364:
1312:Malaysia portal
1310:
1305:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1167:
1101:extended family
1038:bows and arrows
1005:
994:
988:
985:
970:
954:
943:
941:Local tradition
923:Martin de Goiti
871:
794:Asia Portuguesa
786:Lendas da India
779:
644:
607:
560:
528:
519:
490:
489:
435:Naval artillery
400:Helical railgun
300:
292:
291:
272:Filipino cannon
267:Japanese cannon
252:
244:
243:
224:
214:
213:
184:
57:: post virama:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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4384:
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4366:
4365:
4363:Wujing Zongyao
4360:
4355:
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4325:Snap matchlock
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4206:(rocket arrow)
4201:
4200:(flamethrower)
4195:
4190:
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4180:
4178:
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3904:Potzdam musket
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
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3876:
3871:
3866:
3864:Jazayer musket
3861:
3856:
3853:
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3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3638:Historiography
3635:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3613:Early firearms
3609:
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3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3327:Impact weapons
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
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3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
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3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
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3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:Balisong knife
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3145:
3144:
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2659:Impact weapons
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2247:
2238:
2237:External links
2235:
2232:
2231:
2206:
2172:
2154:
2122:
2095:
2065:
2034:
2013:(2): 229â260.
1993:
1986:
1966:
1959:
1939:
1916:
1903:
1891:
1873:
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1838:
1822:
1802:
1782:
1768:
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1723:
1716:
1691:
1684:
1666:
1650:
1646:Jurnal Sejarah
1637:
1619:
1606:
1593:
1578:
1548:
1518:
1501:www.ichcap.org
1488:
1470:
1455:
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1333:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1301:
1287:
1273:
1257:
1254:
1246:New Year's Day
1237:bamboo cannons
1203:Moro Rebellion
1166:
1163:
1132:debts of honor
1007:
1006:
957:
955:
948:
942:
939:
915:Rajah Sulayman
905:established a
870:
867:
816:Ottoman Empire
806:Sejarah Melayu
802:Sejarah Melayu
790:Gaspar Correia
769:Sejarah Melayu
764:Sejarah Melayu
697:
696:
693:
690:
643:
640:
609:The origin of
606:
603:
559:
556:
540:muzzle-loading
527:
524:
521:
520:
518:
517:
510:
503:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
290:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
257:English cannon
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
236:
231:
229:Breech-loading
225:
220:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
185:
180:
179:
176:
175:
165:
164:
158:
157:
53:: pre virama:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4469:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4353:Jixiao Xinshu
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4305:Miquelet lock
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4157:Orban bombard
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4031:Korean cannon
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:Kabyle musket
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:Jezail musket
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3736:Java arquebus
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:Howdah pistol
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3444:Bow and arrow
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:Edged weapons
3184:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3107:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3064:Siping-siping
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Karambalangan
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2945:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:Anak Makassar
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:Java arquebus
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:Bambu runcing
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Sikin Panyang
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2196:on 2011-07-07
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2139:
2132:
2131:"Panday Pira"
2126:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1960:9789679120257
1956:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1880:
1878:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1771:
1769:9780801859540
1765:
1762:. JHU Press.
1761:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1742:9789838619332
1738:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1717:9789047406921
1713:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1687:
1685:9781576077702
1681:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1641:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1603:
1597:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1574:public domain
1564:
1563:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1544:public domain
1534:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1484:
1477:
1475:
1466:
1459:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1302:
1299:
1288:
1285:
1274:
1271:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:In the 1840s
1180:
1176:
1171:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1097:21-gun salute
1090:
1087:A Moro brass
1085:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1013:
1003:
1000:
992:
989:November 2021
982:
978:
974:
968:
967:
963:
958:This section
956:
952:
947:
946:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
894:
889:
887:
882:
880:
876:
866:
864:
860:
857:, birds, and
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
828:Ottoman Turks
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
778:
772:
770:
766:
765:
758:
756:
752:
751:
746:
742:
741:
736:
735:
730:
729:
724:
720:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
694:
691:
688:
687:
686:
683:
681:
676:
672:
668:
662:
660:
656:
655:breechloaders
651:
649:
639:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
602:
600:
599:gun carriages
596:
592:
588:
584:
575:
571:
570:
564:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
516:
511:
509:
504:
502:
497:
496:
494:
493:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
360:Demi-culverin
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
305:Anti-tank gun
303:
302:
296:
295:
288:
287:Mughal cannon
285:
283:
280:
278:
277:Korean cannon
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
248:
247:
240:
239:Muzzleloading
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
223:
218:
217:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
186:
183:
178:
177:
171:
167:
166:
163:
160:
159:
155:
154:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:
39:
34:
30:
19:
4310:Muzzleloader
4285:Breechloader
4263:rocket arrow
4235:Meng Huo You
4186:rocket arrow
4176:incendiaries
4148:Grose Bochse
4094:Wankou Chong
4035:
3487:
3243:Dahong palay
3092:Takula tofao
3029:Baju Empurau
2888:
2841:Bedil tombak
2635:Parang Taawu
2630:Parang Latok
2600:Golok Rembau
2595:Golok Ciomas
2484:Keris bahari
2423:Piso Halasan
2413:Parang Nabur
2333:Bara Sangihe
2223:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2209:
2198:. Retrieved
2194:the original
2189:
2185:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2147:September 7,
2145:. Retrieved
2138:the original
2125:
2115:September 8,
2113:. Retrieved
2108:
2104:Jagor, Fedor
2098:
2086:. Retrieved
2082:the original
2077:
2068:
2059:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1976:
1969:
1949:
1942:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1911:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1885:
1867:
1861:
1853:
1833:
1815:
1795:
1773:. Retrieved
1758:
1751:
1732:
1726:
1707:
1678:. ABC-CLIO.
1675:
1669:
1661:
1645:
1640:
1632:
1614:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1587:
1581:
1561:
1531:
1509:. Retrieved
1505:the original
1500:
1491:
1482:
1464:
1458:
1447:. Retrieved
1443:
1417:. Retrieved
1413:
1404:
1393:
1373:
1369:
1355:Bedil (term)
1348:
1345:
1342:Meriam kecil
1249:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1215:
1198:
1184:
1178:
1159:pyrotechnics
1147:
1140:
1124:
1105:
1094:
1088:
1070:yellow fever
1054:
1022:
1016:
995:
986:
971:Please help
959:
896:
891:
883:
872:
861:were common
836:
831:
823:
819:
809:
805:
801:
793:
785:
784:
775:
774:
768:
762:
759:
748:
744:
738:
733:
726:
722:
716:
712:
708:
700:
698:
684:
666:
663:
652:
645:
608:
586:
579:
573:
567:
551:
547:
535:
529:
470:Siege cannon
430:Mountain gun
380:Gun-howitzer
271:
131:
129:
124:
121:meriam kecil
120:
63:
62:
58:
54:
45:
44:
42:
37:
29:
4348:Huolongjing
4340:Literatures
4143:Faule Mette
4138:Faule Grete
4133:Dulle Griet
3996:Ekor lotong
3958:Baton a feu
3859:JĂ€ger rifle
3751:Muff pistol
3706:Hand mortar
3701:Hand cannon
3676:Blunderbuss
3396:Buntot Pagi
3354:Tabak-toyok
3044:Baru Lema'a
3039:Baju Rantai
3034:Baju Lamina
3001:Peurise Awe
2884:Ekor lotong
2546:Tumbok Lada
1775:12 December
1419:12 February
1218:Pacific Rim
1136:headhunting
1116:bride price
1065:celebration
1029:headhunters
911:Pasig River
903:Panday Pira
879:Pasig River
591:swivel guns
558:Description
445:Railway gun
395:Hand mortar
390:Hand cannon
355:Demi-cannon
140:Philippines
97:Philippines
73:jawi script
4396:Categories
4251:Pen Huo Qi
4213:Greek fire
4204:Fire arrow
4089:Xanadu Gun
4076:Swivel gun
4066:Pot de fer
4006:Fauconneau
3696:Fire lance
3518:PVAR rifle
3436:Projectile
3049:Baru Ăröba
3021:Body armor
2986:Klebit Bok
2560:Choppers (
2516:Pisau raut
2368:Krai Silai
2225:2009-07-05
2200:2009-07-05
1936:: 117â149.
1604:. 3: 1â11.
1602:T'oung Pao
1511:15 January
1449:2020-01-25
1385:References
1330:Indonesian
1165:Modern era
1052:(swords).
1033:longhouses
851:crocodiles
800:confirmed
731:), medium
705:swivel gun
648:Portuguese
480:Swivel gun
475:Smoothbore
455:Rifled gun
385:Gun-mortar
315:Autocannon
251:By country
85:swivel gun
36:Two Malay
4358:Wubei Zhi
4330:Wheellock
4315:Snaphance
4300:Matchlock
4295:Flintlock
4261:Singijeon
4084:Veuglaire
4080:Tarasnice
4056:Organ gun
4021:Hongyipao
3986:Chongtong
3976:Carronade
3935:artillery
3899:Musketoon
3766:Pepperbox
3508:Model 45A
3503:Floro PDW
3478:Astinggal
3461:Slingshot
3208:Balisword
3198:Balasiong
2846:Istinggar
2615:Kandawulo
2501:Pasatimpo
2348:Dua Lalan
2029:0128-1186
1710:. BRILL.
1332:kingdoms.
1242:PVC pipes
960:does not
927:war booty
893:sections.
843:porcelain
818:) to buy
646:When the
642:In Malaya
615:Nusantara
611:gunpowder
526:Etymology
375:Field gun
335:Carronade
310:Artillery
222:Operation
101:Indonesia
79:portable
4320:Snaplock
4153:Mons Meg
4001:Falconet
3991:Culverin
3953:Basilisk
3919:Wall gun
3761:Petronel
3661:Arquebus
3653:Firearms
3628:Timeline
3566:Suntukan
3471:Firearms
3459:Saltik (
3389:Flexible
3278:Karambit
3273:Kampilan
3263:Head axe
3228:Batangas
3213:Bangkung
3114:Category
3011:Salawaku
2976:Cakalele
2930:Si Jagur
2759:Kerambit
2511:Peurawot
2323:Amanremu
2088:27 April
1256:See also
1128:currency
1046:blowguns
855:dolphins
740:culverin
718:falconet
680:Javanese
585:(called
548:pelantak
485:Tank gun
405:Howitzer
370:Falconet
350:Culverin
320:Basilisk
109:Malaysia
51:Baybayin
4290:Doglock
4246:Naphtha
4223:Huo Che
4184:Bo-hiya
4172:rockets
4120:Basilic
4115:Bombard
4036:Lantaka
3981:Cetbang
3813:muskets
3571:Yaw-Yan
3561:Sikaran
3488:Lantaka
3483:Cetbang
3454:Blowgun
3427:Bagakay
3375:Kalasag
3368:Shields
3359:Tungkod
3343:Karay-a
3313:Susuwat
3293:Panabas
3193:Balarao
2996:Kurabit
2925:Ki Amuk
2908:By name
2889:Lantaka
2879:Cetbang
2861:Terakul
2856:Pemuras
2828:Firearm
2764:Salukat
2754:Celurit
2722:Trisula
2712:Lembing
2702:Bessing
2645:Tangkin
2610:Kabeala
2536:Si Euli
2526:Rencong
2506:Palitai
2448:Sundang
2403:Pakayun
2373:Ladieng
2343:Co Jang
2318:Alamang
2309:Klewang
1326:Cetbang
1320:Luthang
1250:lantaka
1229:lantaka
1199:Lantaka
1195:Sarawak
1187:England
1179:lantaka
1155:Mortars
1143:warfare
1089:lantaka
1078:Ramadan
1074:cholera
1025:farmers
1017:lantaka
981:removed
966:sources
907:foundry
859:dragons
755:Calicut
750:bombard
723:esmeril
713:lantaka
709:cetbang
701:esmeril
631:cetbang
627:çźâ"PĂ o"
605:History
595:rigging
583:swivels
574:lantaka
569:karakoa
440:Railgun
345:Coilgun
325:Bombard
299:By type
182:History
162:Cannons
138:of the
132:lantaka
64:rentaka
46:Lantaka
38:rentaka
18:Rentaka
4452:Cannon
4229:Hwacha
4170:Early
4071:Prangi
4046:Mortar
3971:Cannon
3933:Early
3894:Musket
3874:Jingal
3809:Rifles
3771:Pistol
3686:Dragon
3551:Kuntao
3528:Sumpak
3513:Paltik
3450:Sumpit
3442:Pana (
3406:Latigo
3401:Cadena
3380:Taming
3349:Pingga
3339:Bugsay
3334:Baston
3303:PinutĂ
3298:Parang
3288:Laring
3253:Gayang
3248:Gunong
3233:Bicuco
3223:Barong
3218:Banyal
3087:Paseki
3082:Katapu
3074:Helmet
3059:Kawaca
2971:Baluse
2963:Shield
2871:Cannon
2769:Sumpit
2738:Cambuk
2707:Kawali
2666:Cabang
2650:Wedung
2605:Jimpul
2580:Blakas
2562:Parang
2551:Wamilo
2521:Pisuwe
2496:Kujang
2489:Patrem
2474:Dohong
2408:Pandat
2398:Niabor
2388:Mandau
2363:Jenawi
2358:Hemola
2338:Belida
2328:Balato
2027:
1984:
1957:
1766:
1739:
1714:
1682:
1346:meriam
1112:Borneo
1108:copper
1061:Borneo
1050:krises
1042:spears
919:cannon
899:Manila
875:Cainta
863:motifs
839:spices
824:meriam
808:. The
747:) and
745:meriam
636:prangi
552:rentak
544:Ramrod
536:lantak
425:Mortar
420:Minion
148:UNESCO
125:Kanyon
117:Malays
107:, and
105:Brunei
81:cannon
77:bronze
3556:Silat
3422:Sibat
3308:Pirah
3283:Lahot
3268:Kalis
3258:Gulok
2991:Kliau
2981:Kanta
2836:Bedil
2774:Tolor
2717:Pantu
2692:Arbir
2676:Indan
2575:Bendo
2566:Golok
2541:Tappi
2531:Sewar
2469:Badik
2453:Surik
2433:Rudus
2418:Penai
2383:Luwuk
2141:(PDF)
2134:(PDF)
1362:Notes
1349:kecil
1120:dowry
847:brass
820:bedil
734:saker
667:berço
587:cagak
534:word
532:Malay
460:Saker
69:Malay
59:ááááá
4174:and
4041:Lela
3943:Abus
3811:and
3615:and
3493:Lela
3318:Utak
3238:Bolo
2894:Lela
2671:Gada
2640:Peda
2620:Kudi
2590:Guma
2585:Buko
2479:Kris
2438:Rugi
2393:Moso
2353:Gari
2242:The
2149:2009
2117:2009
2090:2017
2025:ISSN
1982:ISBN
1955:ISBN
1777:2014
1764:ISBN
1737:ISBN
1712:ISBN
1680:ISBN
1513:2020
1421:2020
1336:Lela
1175:Moro
1072:and
1059:and
1057:Java
1048:and
964:any
962:cite
841:and
792:and
728:lela
623:Java
572:, a
130:The
113:Lela
67:(in
43:The
2015:doi
1225:USD
975:by
796:by
788:by
715:),
711:or
542:).
119:as
83:or
55:ááá
4398::
2190:22
2188:.
2184:.
2165:.
2106:.
2076:.
2058:.
2050:;
2037:^
2023:.
2011:25
2009:.
2005:.
1934:17
1932:.
1928:.
1876:^
1841:^
1825:^
1805:^
1785:^
1694:^
1653:^
1622:^
1551:^
1521:^
1499:.
1473:^
1442:.
1429:^
1412:.
1173:A
1080:.
1044:,
1040:,
937:.
913:.
865:.
853:,
757:.
111:.
103:,
99:,
71:,
3605:e
3598:t
3591:v
3463:)
3456:)
3452:(
3446:)
3345:)
3341:(
3173:e
3166:t
3159:v
2568:)
2311:)
2279:e
2272:t
2265:v
2228:.
2203:.
2169:.
2151:.
2119:.
2092:.
2031:.
2017::
1990:.
1963:.
1779:.
1745:.
1720:.
1688:.
1576:.
1546:.
1515:.
1452:.
1423:.
1002:)
996:(
991:)
987:(
983:.
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771::
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500:v
150:.
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