672:
708:
696:
417:
632:
660:
684:
608:
596:
620:
584:
648:
158:(main railway station) and adjacent railway facilities. Among the prisoners were 128 Jews (including 67 Poles and 42 Hungarians), 84 non-Jewish Poles, 63 Russians, 62 Belgians, 25 French, 22 Germans, and the remainder consisted of ten other nationalities. The prisoners were transferred from the Flossenbürg main camp, but by the time they were taken to the Regensburg satellite camp, most of them had already suffered long torturous journeys through various camps, including
115:
261:). The march was conducted primarily at night, to avoid detection by Allied aircraft, and by day the prisoners slept in roadside barns. Many of the prisoners were shot along the roadside or in nearby forests because they were too exhausted to keep up the pace, or when caught trying to escape, sometimes by hiding in the haylofts of barns where they stopped to rest. It is estimated that only 50 of the prisoners survived this march. The march ended when the
572:
471:
505:
inscribed words played down the historical facts. The politically responsible culture committee of the
Regensburg city council then decided in November 2011 that the technically responsible culture department should invite a non-partisan working group. They were supposed to work out a proposal for an appropriate and politically meaningful inscription text or for an urban memorial concept regarding the Nazi era.
2462:
135:(Bismarckplatz 7). The magistrate had demanded that signs reading “Jews not allowed to enter” be removed from the posters, but the NSDAP refused to comply. Local NSDAP leaders blamed the Jews, and urged retaliation by calling for a boycott of Jewish shops and the aforementioned restaurants. The NSDAP evaded the refusal to rent out halls, and held their meetings in the restaurants of the
381:, laid a wreath. When the graves of several of the dead were exhumed in the spring of 1955 (and the remains relocated to Flossenbürg), the concentration camp memorial and the associated small stone blocks with the engraved number of dead and their nationality were also removed. The details of the removal and the whereabouts of the memorial have not yet been clarified.
174:
only one toilet and one water tap available. There was no possibility of care for the sick or those unable to work. The food was inadequate and consisted only of bread and soup. The open-air makeshift camp kitchen was located in the inner courtyard of the building directly across the street from the
Colosseum, and was staffed by two Polish prisoners, one of whom was
292:), 35 deaths were recorded for the period between March 23 and April 10 alone, and a grave list of the city contains the names of 44 of the dead. A survivor of the Colosseum estimates the number of dead in the five weeks of its existence at 70 men. It is believed that some corpses were thrown into the Danube without registering them.
560:(the largest party in Regensburg with 25% of the city council seats) continued to boycott the ceremonies. In 2016, for the first time, city council members of the CSU party finally relented and agreed to join with the rest of the city administration and community groups in participating in the annual commemoration events.
400:
In the early 1990s, on a non-partisan initiative, a memorial plaque was made to commemorate the
Colosseum subcamp, which was attached to the railing of the Stone Bridge without the support of the city administration. In 1994, this was replaced by a large memorial stone, which was inaugurated by Mayor
198:
that any attempt at escape would result in the shooting of ten fellow inmates. At the end of the march procession back to the
Colosseum, the somewhat stronger dragged the completely exhausted and injured, followed by the handcart with the dead and dying. After 12 hours of arduous labor, the prisoners
181:
By day the completely emaciated prisoners had to repair the damage after bombing raids on the railway station premises. To this end, the prisoners were forced to march over the Stone Bridge and through the old town center of
Regensburg every morning and return every evening (with the sounds of wooden
867:
Tadeusz
Sobolewicz recounted the event as an "express march" that was difficult to survive: "The weaker prisoners began to lag behind after two hours of marching, and the column dragged on. There were horrific scenes. From the end of the column, which was about one and a half kilometers apart, the
508:
After years of political wrangling and delay, the memorial plaque was removed in April 2016, and replaced by a small information panel (in German and
English) placed directly on the Colosseum building, and a two-sided standing information panel (in German and English) was also installed next to the
412:
and limestone is located in a free space (combination mini-park and bicycle parking lot) opposite the
Colosseum, but offset by approximately 70 meters on the other side of the street. The carved inscription avoids naming or specifying the exact location of the former Colosseum subcamp. It is worded
173:
At night the prisoners were housed in the dance hall on the second floor of the inn, where they slept on the wood shavings and sawdust-covered wood floor, packed in like sardines, and where the hygienic conditions were miserable and deplorable. The windows were nailed shut and barb-wired. There was
940:
In the immediate aftermath, most of the march survivors, some with the assistance of local farmers, made their way to what some at first believed to be a hospital, but was in fact an actual prison, in the
Lebenau-Forstgarten district of Laufen. The Lebenau prison had been a civilian women's prison
512:
Since the end of the 1990s, there has been a memorial march in
Regensburg on April 23, which is carried out by non-partisan work groups and also commemorates the fate of the prisoners in the Colosseum satellite camp. For many years, official representatives of the city of Regensburg did not take
396:
was raised again. In the student work, according to the summary, a proper memorial plaque should be placed on the Colosseum building to serve as a reminder that the city should not forget or keep silent about the less pleasant aspects of its history. The city administration initially assured the
312:
camp in the Messerschmitt factory. The completely emaciated concentration camp prisoners had to repair damage to the runway of a company airfield that had been bombed, at risk of death. After a regional reform and the incorporation of surrounding communities, the area of one of the former forced
504:
The plaque's text was created under the auspices of the city's cultural department and, after it became known, was heavily criticized in a public debate as trivializing and misleading. The inscription was quite controversial, and there were many protests, due to the protesters feeling that the
1095:
The English text of the small information panel reads: "A sub-camp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp system was housed in this building between March 19th and April 23rd 1945. Over 40 people died here during that time. A memorial to those who died stands opposite. Next to the memorial are
466:
parties. In April 2011, a bronze memorial plaque was laid on the sidewalk in front of the Colosseum building on behalf of the city of Regensburg (without public notice or input from local community groups). It was subsequently removed in April 2016. The plaque's inscription read:
131:) for NSDAP party events because of complaints from Jewish and other hotel guests. The Augustinian Brewery and the Obermünster Brewery (Obermünsterstrasse 10) also joined in the refusal to rent out halls. The city's magistrate also refused to rent out the Neuhaus Hall in the
321:
308:) was operated by the SS from February 20 to April 16, 1945, as a satellite camp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp in the municipality of Obertraubling, a southern suburb of Regensburg, on the premises of Messerschmitt AG. It was located next to a
1197:. After U.S. Army tank units had already reached the Danube, local Nazi leaders demanded a full defense of the city. On April 23rd, in a public speech at Dachauplatz, Maier called for a peaceful handover of the city. Maier was arrested, tried in a
1051:
The defensive city administration feared that the city of Regensburg could be stigmatized as a "concentration camp community", and that the victims of the concentration camp external commands should be commemorated in a central
1074:(literally "stumbling stone", metaphorically a "stumbling block"), a brass plate inscribed with the name and life dates of victims of Nazi extermination or persecution. Both the material, and the intention, are different. The
828:), gives an account of his survival of a bomb blast at the railroad yards, as well as his survival after being caught hiding in the hayloft of a barn in the last days of the death march from Regensburg to Laufen.
2250:
Hans Simon-Pelanda: "Im Herzen der Stadt: Das Außenlager Colosseum in Regensburg" ("In the Heart of the City: The Colosseum Subcamp in Regensburg"), pp. 159–168. In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.):
2281:
have been published since 1985. They contain studies and documents on the history of the Nazi concentration camps. The content of the booklets relates to all Nazi concentration camps, not just to the
513:
part. The city administration had repeatedly ignored suggestions from the volunteer working groups to commemorate all victims of National Socialism in an event jointly with the city of Regensburg.
841:), recounted the terror that the SS guards and kapos of the command exercised on the prisoners: "Everyone had to do his job beyond his strength, and tried to do so, out of fear of being beaten."
516:
In 2015, for the first time, various city government officials and community groups came together and agreed to join in the commemoration ceremonies. Representatives included Regensburg Mayor
1964:. Extract from a prize-winning student group work from the 1982/83 Federal President’s History Competition, by students in Class BFS-11a of the Regensburg Vocational School for Business. See
1061:
More precisely, the memorial stone is located at the corner of Am Brückenbasar and Andreasstraße. Am Brückenbasar is the short connector between the Stone Bridge and Stadtamhof (main street).
607:
1624:
Hans Simon-Pelanda: "Im Herzen der Stadt: Das Außenlager Colosseum in Regensburg" ("In the Heart of the City: The Colosseum Subcamp in Regensburg"). In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.):
1607:
Hans Simon-Pelanda: "Im Herzen der Stadt: Das Außenlager Colosseum in Regensburg" ("In the Heart of the City: The Colosseum Subcamp in Regensburg"). In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.):
1573:
Hans Simon-Pelanda: "Im Herzen der Stadt: Das Außenlager Colosseum in Regensburg" ("In the Heart of the City: The Colosseum Subcamp in Regensburg"). In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.):
970:. Ultimately, most of the non-Jewish survivors were able to return to their home countries, and most of the Jewish survivors emigrated to the United States, Israel, or other countries.
199:
were again forced to assemble for roll call, often for hours, and often subjected to further torment and beatings. According to other information, some of the prisoners also had to do
1113:
707:
695:
2175:
595:
127:
In 1928, the owner of the Regensburg Carmelite Brewery Hotel (Dachauplatz 1) refused to rent out meeting halls to the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party, aka the
95:). The Regensburg subcamp was in operation from March 19, 1945, until April 23, 1945. The Colosseum building is located at Stadtamhof 5, approximately 200 meters north of the
389:
1965:
1948:("The War Years in Germany 1939 to 1945: Results and Suggestions from the German History Student Competition for the Federal President's Prize 1982/83"). Körber-Stiftung ("
146:
From March 19, 1945, to April 23, 1945, a temporary satellite camp was set up in the Colosseum inn, located in the Stadtamhof district of Regensburg, where around 400 male
397:
students, who even donated part of their prize money to implement their demands, that the city would put up a plaque, but to this day, no such plaque has been installed.
1733:
1163:
Survivors Zbigniew Kołakowski (1925–2016) and Tadeusz Sobolewicz (1925–2015) returned to Regensburg on several occasions to participate in these commemoration ceremonies.
2482:
631:
182:
clogs on cobblestones clearly audible along the way). The work was life-threatening, not only from working through the air raids without shelter, but also due to the
2045:("Flossenbürg Concentration Camp: Past and Present"). Mittelbayerische Druckerei- und Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH ("Central Bavarian Printing and Publishing Co."), now
756:
Clearing and repairing the tracks could no longer be done by "employees" as forced laborers, and everywhere there was a labor shortage due to the war. Finally, the
1082:
in 1992, aims to commemorate individuals at their last place of residence which was freely chosen by the person before they fell victim to Nazi terror. See also:
942:
1946:
Die Kriegsjahre in Deutschland 1939 bis 1945: Ergebnisse und Anregungen aus dem Schülerwettbewerb Deutsche Geschichte um den Preis des Bundespräsidenten 1982/83
245:
On the night of April 22–23, 1945, the camp prisoners were evacuated, except for 28 seriously ill and one dead. The prisoners were forced to endure a nine-day
683:
2186:
309:
2548:
1598:("The External Commands of the Flossenbürg Concentration Camp in and around Regensburg and Their Significance for the City and Residents"). 1983, p. 51.
1944:
Peter Brendel, et al.: "Das Lager Colosseum in Regensburg" ("The Colosseum Camp in Regensburg"), pp. 251–269. In: Dieter Galinski, Wolf Schmidt (ed.):
1873:
2401:
2584:
647:
1757:" (pdf) ("Colosseum: Memorial Plaque on the House and Steles Should in Future Remind of Nazi Atrocities"). City of Regensburg press release. on
1805:
1890:
2253:
671:
150:
prisoners were forced to repair bomb damage to the railroads (clear debris, fill bomb craters, lay new tracks, etc.) caused by frequent
2409:
659:
1282:
Arbeitsgemeinschaft ehemaliges KZ Flossenbürg e.V. ("Working Community of the Former Flossenbürg Concentration Camp"), in Regensburg.
1217:
without a fight. Due to the militarily motivated troop withdrawal and unconditional surrender, the city remained largely undestroyed.
619:
349:). In the summer of 2006, a new owner had the building gutted and renovated, and built a restaurant and a residential complex in it.
894:
The straight-line distance from Regenburg to Laufen is about 155 km (96.3 miles), but the march took a tortuous route via Landshut,
2065:
1003:. Per information from the program of the fifth trip to the inauguration of concentration camp memorials on November 4 and 5, 1950.
760:(German National Railway) called in prisoners from the Flossenbürg concentration camp to ensure the continuation of rail transport.
541:
200:
1907:
2501:
2415:
1130:
533:
362:
2160:
1662:
1924:
21:
2431:
2388:
2360:("Back from Hell: On the Arbitrariness of Survival in the Concentration Camp") (German). S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt, 1999,
2153:
2109:
1716:
409:
238:
in January 1947. His deputy was SS-Oberscharführer Erich Liedtke, who often beat and mistreated the prisoners without cause.
2227:("Pax Christi Regensburg and the Working Group for Former Forced Laborers in the Evangelical Educational Institute") (ed.):
1528:("City Under the Swastika: Local Politics in Regensburg During the Nazi Era"). Universitätsverlag, Regensburg, 1994, p. 378.
1371:("City Under the Swastika: Local Politics in Regensburg During the Nazi Era"). Universitätsverlag, Regensburg, 1994, p. 377.
1209:, were arrested with Maier; Lottner was shot during interrogation, and Zirkl was hung with Maier. On April 26th, the SS and
1679:
1147:
2523:
2012:. Nine-volume German language encyclopedia of the Nazi concentration camps and subcamps, published between 2005 and 2009.
979:
In addition to the one in Regensburg, the following six newly designed “concentration camp cemeteries” were inaugurated:
2574:
1771:
361:, inaugurated a concentration camp memorial for an unknown number of foreign concentration camp prisoners buried in the
1596:
Die Außenkommandos des Konzentrationslagers Flossenbürg in und um Regensburg und ihre Bedeutung für Stadt und Einwohner
1241:
Vereinigung der Verfolgten des Naziregimes – Bund der Antifaschistinnen und Antifaschisten, Kreisvereinigung Regensburg
463:
246:
1455:
Early Camps, Youth Camps, and Concentration Camps and Subcamps under the SS-Business Administration Main Office (WVHA)
724:
218:"death’s head units") housed in the dining room on the ground floor, and also included many so-called ethnic Germans (
194:
regularly harassed and beat the prisoners to get them to work harder and faster. The prisoners were warned at morning
2365:
2350:
2335:
2308:
2240:
2086:
2054:
2032:
2009:
1554:
1292:
557:
459:
343:, the Colosseum was used again as a bar with a dance hall and later as a performance location for a peasant theater (
2320:
1996:
1876:" ("The Concentration Camp in the Heart of the Old Town"). Mittelbayerische Zeitung. Regensburg. March 31, 2017. on
1214:
84:
537:
2542:
1471:
1429:
2296:
556:. About 500 people joined in the 2015 events. However, as had long been the case, the conservative right-leaning
388:) with its theme of the Colosseum subcamp had won a second prize in the Federal President’s History Competition (
230:, a heavy drinker who was considered one of the “most brutal and cruel SS men” and was sentenced to death in the
2200:". segments 108–121. USC Shoah Foundation Visual History Archive. Los Angeles. Interviewed January 29, 1998. on
1243:("Association of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime – Federation of Antifascists, Regensburg District Association").
1754:
967:
328:) investigated the events of the Regensburg subcamp in the 1960s. The proceedings were later taken over by the
167:
1788:
931:
In Laufen, a small memorial marks the events, located at the corner of Tittmoninger Str. and Teisendorfer Str.
288:
The exact number of fatalities among the Colosseum prisoners is not known. In the Regensburg registry office (
1992:
1097:
882:
163:
1822:
1699:
1645:
950:
613:
From in front of the Colosseum. On the left is the small open space where the memorial stone stands. (2008)
159:
2475:, aka the ArGe (German) – "Working Community of the Former Flossenbürg Concentration Camp" – in Regensburg
2466:
2447:
2097:
2038:
851:
583:
2020:
1893:" ("Memorial Path Commemorates Nazi Victims"). Mittelbayerische Zeitung. Regensburg. April 23, 2018. on
1213:
units fled the city, and on April 27th, the city unconditionally surrendered and was handed over to the
1033:) since 1973. The aim of the competition is to get young people to grapple with the history of Germany.
366:
2376:
2282:
1856:
242:, who was convicted of aiding and abetting murder in 2011, is said to have been among the SS guards.
100:
416:
2419:
2164:
2046:
2024:
1737:
147:
2438:, forced labor camps, and other sites of detention, persecution, or state-sponsored murder run by
2330:("I endured, therefore I am") (Polish original). Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Oświęcim, 1986,
1632:("Concentration Camp: Living World and Environment"). Verlag Dachauer Hefte, Dachau, 1996, p. 161.
1615:("Concentration Camp: Living World and Environment"). Verlag Dachauer Hefte, Dachau, 1996, p. 160.
1581:("Concentration Camp: Living World and Environment"). Verlag Dachauer Hefte, Dachau, 1996, p. 167.
1457:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2009, p. 662.
911:
2497:
2319:
prison, and a nine-day death march, gives a detailed account of his Holocaust history. See also:
183:
155:
2518:
2274:
992:
215:
2529:
1839:
1198:
455:
151:
601:
The Colosseum, from the corner of the small open space where the memorial stone stands. (2014)
313:
labor camps, the so-called Russenlager (Russian camp), now belongs to the city of Regensburg.
2120:, gives a detailed account of his life story in three parts: his pre-war life in Poland, his
1116:. with text, photographs, brief survivor testimonies, and a map. (in German and English). on
790:
Shortly before, these rooms were still being used by Messerschmitt AG to accommodate workers.
571:
2423:
2395:
2141:
1426:
1296:
1190:
770:
1949:
945:
in the immediate aftermath, and today is still used as a youth correctional facility. See
8:
2579:
1981:
799:
The distance from the Colosseum to the railroad yards is approximately 2 km (1.25 miles).
517:
358:
262:
946:
2559:
2288:
1202:
1022:
769:
Some of the prisoners, after initial selection for labor at Auschwitz, had been in the
266:
175:
132:
223:
2427:
2384:
2361:
2346:
2331:
2304:
2270:
2236:
2149:
2105:
2082:
2074:
2050:
2028:
2005:
1976:
1957:
1323:" ("The National Socialist German Workers' Party in Regensburg from 1922–1933"). In:
980:
525:
393:
2345:("Back from the Beyond") (German). Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Oświęcim, 1993,
83:) in the vernacular at the time, was established in 1945 as the last subcamp of the
2505:
1495:("Who Was What Before and After 1945"). S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt, 2003, p. 462.
1330:
1201:, and hung on April 24th, wearing a sign which read "I am a saboteur". Two others,
1177:
713:
Regensburg railroad yards, looking west (from the Kumpfmühler Str. overpass) (2006)
701:
Regensburg railroad yards, looking east (from the Kumpfmühler Str. overpass) (2006)
402:
378:
345:
1325:
1320:
868:
short cracking of submachine guns or carbines could be heard over and over again."
2491:
2266:
2215:" (pdf) (German) ("The Colosseum Subcamp: Reports on Camp Life"), pp. 86–95. In:
2136:
1012:
Simon-Pelanda also reports in it that the search for the stones was unsuccessful.
984:
270:
231:
2555:
2510:
2212:
1467:
2244:
2019:("City Under the Swastika: Local Politics in Regensburg During the Nazi Era").
1952:") and Verlag Erziehung und Wissenschaft ("Education and Science Publishing"),
1206:
962:
After initial recuperation in Lebanau (most suffered from emaciation, lice and
821:
384:
After the student group work at the Regensburg Vocational School for Business (
239:
1755:
Colosseum: Gedenktafel am Haus und Stelen sollen künftig an NS-Gräuel erinnern
1326:
Verhandlungen des Historischen Vereins für Oberpfalz und Regensburg 124 (1984)
1321:
Die Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei in Regensburg von 1922–1933
2568:
2300:
2121:
1972:
1079:
778:
774:
301:
227:
219:
211:
204:
187:
60:
36:
23:
966:), the survivors were eventually dispersed to various other DP camps in the
963:
2439:
2435:
2358:
Aus der Hölle zurück: Von der Willkür des Überlebens im Konzentrationslager
2125:
1194:
1071:
878:
653:
The Stone Bridge in the foreground, Stadtamhof beyond, looking north (2009)
340:
305:
2017:
Stadt unterm Hakenkreuz: Kommunalpolitik in Regensburg während der NS-Zeit
1961:
1526:
Stadt unterm Hakenkreuz: Kommunalpolitik in Regensburg während der NS-Zeit
1369:
Stadt unterm Hakenkreuz: Kommunalpolitik in Regensburg während der NS-Zeit
1083:
907:
903:
744:
357:
In October 1950, the President of the Bavarian State Compensation Office,
114:
2486:
2443:
2408:
Early Camps, Youth Camps, and Concentration Camps and Subcamps under the
1433:
529:
521:
425:
374:
325:
258:
195:
2216:
1227:
254:
2533:
2434:. Seven-volume encyclopedia of the history of the concentration camps,
2101:
2060:
919:
915:
895:
757:
128:
64:
2472:
2220:
2197:
2113:
1150:
showing the standing information panel next to the memorial stone, on
825:
549:
2537:
2078:
2001:
1537:
Ulrich Fritz: "Regensburg". In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.):
1504:
Ulrich Fritz: "Regensburg". In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.):
1350:
Ulrich Fritz: "Regensburg". In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.):
1210:
1173:
1026:
838:
2551:" ("Colosseum subcamp – A Camp in the "Heart of the City"") (German)
2312:
235:
2478:
1989:("History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps"), Vol. 4:
1422:
1388:("History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps"), Vol. 4:
988:
689:
Regensburg Hauptbahnhof (main railway station), looking west (2007)
282:
250:
108:
1740:("Central Bavarian Newspaper"). Regensburg. November 11, 2011. on
1449:
Evelyn Zegenhagen: "Regensburg ". In: Geoffrey P. Megargee (ed.):
1075:
1042:
The students' donation was supposedly used for "similar" purposes.
2316:
2224:
1953:
1334:
1240:
1000:
429:
278:
274:
76:
72:
68:
2556:
Life in the Satellite Camp "Colosseum" – Six Stories of Survival
2262:
2232:
1808:" ("Antifascist Memorial Path: Documentation Center Required").
1774:" ("Commemorative Farce Around Colosseum Seems to Have Ended").
1590:
Class BFS-11a of the Regensburg Vocational School for Business (
474:
Memorial plaque on the sidewalk in front of the Colosseum (2011)
470:
2526:(Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial) – on German Knowledge
2461:
2117:
996:
899:
489:
329:
96:
420:
Memorial stone of the Regensburg subcamp of Flossenbürg (2011)
392:) in 1982/83, the question of an appropriate memorial for the
118:
The Colosseum (2008), former Regensburg subcamp of Flossenbürg
1806:
Antifaschistischer Gedenkweg: Dokumentationszentrum gefordert
1270:
922:, for a total distance of approximately 207 km (128.6 miles).
2043:
Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg: In Geschichte und Gegenwart
454:
In 2008, an initiative by the Regensburg city council group
2483:
Arolsen Archives - International Center on Nazi Persecution
2380:
2156:. Re-release of the above book which is no longer in print.
781:, before being transferred to Flossenbürg in February 1945.
553:
528:, representatives of the Catholic and Protestant churches,
484:
PRISONERS OF THE CONCENTRATION CAMP FLOSSENBÜRG WERE HOUSED
458:
for a memorial plaque on the Colosseum was rejected by the
191:
1987:
Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager
1682:" ("CSU and SPD: No memorial plaque for the Colosseum!").
1386:
Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager
881:
committed suicide. (Hitler made public appearances at the
2549:
KZ Außenlager Colosseum – ein Lager im "Herzen der Stadt"
2213:
Das KZ-Außenlager Colosseum: Berichte über das Lagerleben
1910:" ("CSU Boycotts Memorial Path for Victims of Fascism").
1555:
Obertraubling Subcamp: February 20, 1945 – April 16, 1945
486:
IN THE BACK BUILDING OF THE FORMER GUEST HOUSE COLOSSEUM,
2485:, formerly the International Tracing Service (ITS) – in
2315:), a Polish survivor of six Nazi concentration camps, a
1927:" (""Remembering Is a Mandate for Our Actions Today"").
1736:" ("Memorial Stone: Group Should Provide Worthy Text").
837:
One Polish survivor, Zbigniew Kołakowski (1925–2016, b.
524:), city council members of the left- and center-leaning
316:
265:
were abandoned by their SS guards, and liberated by the
322:
The Central Office for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes
2261:("Concentration Camp: Living World and Environment").
545:
154:
bombing runs. The work assignments were mainly at the
2221:
Arbeitsgemeinschaft für ehemalige ZwangsarbeiterInnen
1719:" ("Memorial Politics between Abuse and Ignorance").
1665:" ("Greens: "Memorial plaque on the Colosseum""). on
1253:
1491:("The Encyclopedia of Persons of the Third Reich"):
2543:
Regensburg Subcamp: March 19, 1945 – April 23, 1945
2394:Evelyn Zegenhagen: "Regensburg ", pp. 661–663. In:
2069:(The Encyclopedia of Persons of the Third Reich"):
2473:Arbeitsgemeinschaft ehemaliges KZ Flossenbürg e.V.
1908:CSU boykottiert Gedenkweg für Opfer des Faschismus
1412:. Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Oświęcim, 1998.
1925:"Erinnern ist Auftrag für unser heutiges Handeln"
1329:("Negotiations of the Historical Association for
885:("old town hall") in October 1933 and June 1937.)
2566:
1335:Historischer Verein für Oberpfalz und Regensburg
773:group of subcamps of Gross-Rosen located in the
1791:" ("The Commemorative Counter at Stadtamhof").
1648:" ("Memorial stone, at the Bridge Bazaar"). on
1271:Sozialistische Jugend Deutschlands – Die Falken
824:, David Lester (1925–2009, b. David Lipovecky,
2229:Begegnungen mit ehemaligen ZwangsarbeiterInnen
1734:Gedenktafel: Gruppe soll würdigen Text liefern
1717:Gedenkpolitik zwischen Missbrauch und Ignoranz
1680:CSU und SPD: Keine Gedenktafel fürs Colosseum!
1971:Ulrich Fritz: "Regensburg", pp. 240–243. In:
1273:("Socialist Youth of Germany – The Falcons").
1021:The Federal President's History Competition (
488:IN THE LAST WEEKS OF THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST (
304:satellite camp (today located in neighboring
2530:The Regensburg Community During World War II
2448:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
2402:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
2231:("Encounters with Former Forced Laborers").
1451:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
941:before and during the war, then a temporary
665:Regensburg Altstadt (old town center) (2019)
641:), the Altstadt beyond, looking south (2008)
625:The Regensburg subcamp memorial stone (2011)
450:– HUMAN DIGNITY IS INVIOLABLE –
808:At least 10 prisoners died in one air raid.
509:memorial stone down and across the street.
2259:Konzentrationslager: Lebenswelt und Umfeld
2225:Evangelischen Bildungswerk Regensburg e.V.
1630:Konzentrationslager: Lebenswelt und Umfeld
1613:Konzentrationslager: Lebenswelt und Umfeld
1592:Berufsfachschule für Wirtschaft Regensburg
1579:Konzentrationslager: Lebenswelt und Umfeld
1023:Geschichtswettbewerb des Bundespräsidenten
498:WEAKENED BY MALNUTRITION AND HUMILIATIONS,
390:Geschichtswettbewerb des Bundespräsidenten
386:Berufsfachschule für Wirtschaft Regensburg
2124:survival story, and his post-war life in
1772:Gedenk-Posse um Colosseum scheint beendet
1470:speaks of 50 SS guards. See entry on the
1392:. Verlag C.H. Beck, Munich, 2006, p. 213.
16:Subcamp of Flossenbürg concentration camp
2161:Holocaust Survivor Shares Story of Faith
2073:("Who Was What Before and After 1945").
1966:Körber Foundation annotated bibliography
1114:PDF images of the two information panels
469:
415:
113:
2511:Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial
2502:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2416:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2585:Buildings and structures in Regensburg
2567:
2410:SS-Business Administration Main Office
1842:" ("Thank You, Tadeusz Sobolewicz!").
816:
814:
440:OF THE FLOSSENBÜRG CONCENTRATION CAMP,
295:
2295:. Ch. 11: "Regensburg", pp. 257–293.
2096:. Ch. 15: "Regensburg", pp. 174–185.
2066:Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich
1859:" ("Zbigniew Kołakowski Has Died.").
1694:
1692:
1640:
1638:
1569:
1567:
1520:
1518:
1489:Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich
1380:Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (ed.):
1172:Expressed in an open letter from the
496:IN FRONT OF THE HOUSE, THE PRISONERS,
317:Investigations in the post-war period
1543:Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück
1510:Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1390:Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück
1356:Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück
1337:, Regensburg, 1984, pp. 188–189. on
951:Justizvollzugsanstalt Laufen-Lebenau
446:400 PRISONERS, MANY OF JEWISH FAITH,
2492:The Colosseum on Regensburg-digital
1702:" ("Floor slab, Stadtamhof 5"). on
1070:To be clear, this plaque was not a
1015:
811:
13:
2375:("Until the End of Remembrance").
1689:
1663:Grüne: "Gedenktafel ans Colosseum"
1635:
1564:
1545:. C.H. Beck, Munich, 2006, p. 242.
1541:("The Place of Terrors"), Vol. 4:
1515:
1512:. C.H. Beck, Munich, 2006, p. 241.
1508:("The Place of Terrors"), Vol. 4:
1358:. C.H. Beck, Munich, 2006, p. 240.
1354:("The Place of Terrors"), Vol. 4:
1025:) has been held in Germany by the
336:), and discontinued in the 1970s.
249:heading south in the direction of
14:
2596:
2454:
2198:Philip Markowicz video testimorny
1395:
1293:History of the Jews in Regensburg
442:REGENSBURG SUBCAMP IN STADTAMHOF,
2460:
2446:in Europe and Africa. See also:
2265:("Dachau Booklets Publishing"),
1436:. Interviewed July 27, 1994. on
1254:German Trade Union Confederation
706:
694:
682:
670:
658:
646:
630:
618:
606:
594:
582:
570:
494:FROM MARCH 19 TO APRIL 23, 1945.
444:FROM MARCH 19 TO APRIL 23, 1945,
352:
2297:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
2235:(publisher), Regensburg, 2003,
1938:
1917:
1900:
1883:
1866:
1857:Zbigniew Kołakowski verstorben.
1849:
1832:
1815:
1798:
1789:Der Gedenktresen von Stadtamhof
1781:
1764:
1747:
1726:
1709:
1672:
1655:
1618:
1601:
1584:
1548:
1531:
1498:
1481:
1460:
1443:
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1285:
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1064:
1055:
1045:
1036:
1006:
973:
956:
934:
925:
888:
871:
861:
844:
831:
802:
793:
725:List of subcamps of Flossenbürg
500:HAD TO ASSEMBLE FOR ROLL CALL.
210:The guards included 50 SS men (
75:), also known as the Colosseum
2257:("Dachau Booklets"), Vol. 12:
1891:Gedenkweg erinnert an NS-Opfer
1628:("Dachau Booklets"), Vol. 12:
1611:("Dachau Booklets"), Vol. 12:
1577:("Dachau Booklets"), Vol. 12:
1374:
1361:
1344:
1313:
784:
763:
750:
737:
448:FROM MANY COUNTRIES IN EUROPE.
170:, and their various subcamps.
85:Flossenbürg concentration camp
1:
2098:Dorrance Publishing Co., Inc.
2071:Wer war was vor und nach 1945
2021:Universitätsverlag Regensburg
1874:Das KZ im Herzen der Altstadt
1825:" ("The Cheerful Survivor").
1559:gedenkstaette-flossenbuerg.de
1493:Wer war was vor und nach 1945
1476:gedenkstaette-flossenbuerg.de
1339:heimatforschung-regensburg.de
1333:and Regensburg 124 (1984)").
1306:
1189:The events also commemorated
1133:of the Colosseum in 1940, on
1078:, initiated by German artist
203:in the Regensburg factory of
2311:. Sobolewicz (1925–2015, b.
2187:Philip Markowicz (1924–2017)
2176:Philip Markowicz (1924–2017)
1646:Gedenkstein, Am Brückenbasar
1423:David Lester video testimony
363:Evangelical Central Cemetery
332:public prosecutor's office (
7:
2524:KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg
2515:KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg
2373:Bis ans Ende der Erinnerung
2112:. Markowicz (1924–2017, b.
2047:Mittelbayerischer Verlag KG
2027:Press"), Regensburg, 1994,
1823:Der lebensfrohe Überlebende
1258:Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund
987:) (600 dead); Muschenried (
943:displaced persons (DP) camp
718:
554:Regensburg Jewish community
10:
2601:
2116:), a Jewish survivor from
1985:("The Place of Terrors"):
1840:Danke, Tadeusz Sobolewicz!
1384:("The Place of Terrors"):
877:May 1st was the day after
677:Regensburg Altstadt (2020)
563:
334:Staatsanwaltschaft München
222:). The command leader was
214:“protection squadron” and
122:
87:in the Regensburg inn the
2283:Dachau concentration camp
1700:Bodenplatte, Stadtamhof 5
1096:information panels." See
820:One Jewish survivor from
544:, the anti-fascist group
438:THE MEMORY OF THE VICTIMS
91:(originally spelled with
53:Regensburg satellite camp
37:49.0248361°N 12.0970996°E
2420:Indiana University Press
2025:University of Regensburg
1738:Mittelbayerische Zeitung
1084:Stolpersteine Regensburg
983:(380 dead); Wetterfeld (
883:Regensburg Altes Rathaus
730:
226:(“senior squad leader”)
57:KZ-Außenlager Regensburg
2575:Subcamps of Flossenbürg
2547:Andreas Schmal (ed.): "
2343:Aus dem Jenseits zurück
2328:Wytrzymałem więc jestem
2233:edition buntehunde GdbR
1861:arge-kz-flossenbuerg.de
1844:arge-kz-flossenbuerg.de
156:Regensburg Hauptbahnhof
133:Regensburg City Theater
81:Außenkommando Colosseum
2377:Pahl-Rugenstein Verlag
2217:pax christi Regensburg
1430:Visual History Archive
1228:pax christi Regensburg
1199:drumhead court-martial
475:
421:
408:This abstract work of
119:
42:49.0248361; 12.0970996
2263:Verlag Dachauer Hefte
1929:regensburg-digital.de
1912:regensburg-digital.de
1827:regensburg-digital.de
1810:regensburg-digital.de
1793:regensburg-digital.de
1776:regensburg-digital.de
1759:regensburg-digital.de
1721:regensburg-digital.de
1684:regensburg-digital.de
1667:regensburg-digital.de
1152:regensburg-digital.de
1135:regensburg-digital.de
1118:regensburg-digital.de
1102:regensburg-digital.de
1076:Stolpersteine Project
854:of Ludwig Plagge, on
548:, and as always, the
473:
419:
339:After the end of the
290:Standesamt Regensburg
269:, on May 1, 1945, in
117:
2560:Shalom in Regensburg
2469:at Wikimedia Commons
2396:Geoffrey P. Megargee
2356:Tadeusz Sobolewicz:
2341:Tadeusz Sobolewicz:
2326:Tadeusz Sobolewicz:
2245:Shalom in Regensburg
2142:University of Toledo
2049:, Regensburg, 1989,
2002:Verlag C.H. Beck oHG
1889:Katharina Kellner: "
1872:Katharina Kellner: "
1723:. November 13, 2011.
1468:Flossenbürg Memorial
1427:USC Shoah Foundation
1408:Tadeusz Sobolewicz:
1297:Regensburg Synagogue
1191:Regensburg Cathedral
589:The Colosseum (2012)
577:The Colosseum (2011)
216:SS-Totenkopfverbände
2182:. November 9, 2017.
1982:Der Ort des Terrors
1968:(pdf), 2007, p. 10.
1895:mittelbayerische.de
1878:mittelbayerische.de
1863:. February 4, 2016.
1846:. November 6, 2015.
1742:mittelbayerische.de
1539:Der Ort des Terrors
1506:Der Ort des Terrors
1425:". segments 15–19.
1382:Der Ort des Terrors
1352:Der Ort des Terrors
856:sonderkommando.info
410:Flossenbürg granite
365:in Regensburg. The
296:Neighboring subcamp
184:unexploded ordnance
33: /
2321:Tadeusz Sobolewicz
2289:Tadeusz Sobolewicz
2092:Philip Markowicz:
1472:Regensburg subcamp
947:JVA Laufen-Lebenau
745:Theater Regensburg
637:The Stone Bridge (
476:
436:– "not once more")
422:
377:") of Regensburg,
224:SS-Oberscharführer
176:Tadeusz Sobolewicz
148:concentration camp
120:
2554:Sylvia Seifert: "
2465:Media related to
2432:978-0-253-35328-3
2389:978-3-89144-421-4
2279:Dachauer Booklets
2211:Sylvia Seifert: "
2178:". on The Blade.
2171:. April 17, 2010.
2154:978-1-7369164-1-4
2110:978-1-4349-0317-4
2075:S. Fischer Verlag
1950:Körber Foundation
1931:. April 23, 2016.
1914:. April 24, 2015.
1812:. April 25, 2010.
1795:. April 30, 2021.
1732:Marianne Sperb: "
1027:Körber Foundation
981:Saal an der Donau
526:political parties
371:Oberbürgermeister
2592:
2506:Washington, D.C.
2479:Arolsen Archives
2464:
2193:. November 2017.
2191:s3.amazonaws.com
2174:Mark Zaborney: "
2146:utoledopress.com
2081:, 2003, p. 462,
2004:, Munich, 2006,
1932:
1923:Stefan Aigner: "
1921:
1915:
1906:Stefan Aigner: "
1904:
1898:
1887:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1853:
1847:
1836:
1830:
1821:Robert Werner: "
1819:
1813:
1804:Stefan Aigner: "
1802:
1796:
1787:Martin Oswald: "
1785:
1779:
1778:. April 7, 2016.
1770:Stefan Aigner: "
1768:
1762:
1761:. April 6, 2016.
1751:
1745:
1730:
1724:
1715:Stefan Aigner: "
1713:
1707:
1696:
1687:
1686:. July 16, 2008.
1678:Stefan Aigner: "
1676:
1670:
1669:. June 20, 2008.
1661:Stefan Aigner: "
1659:
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1642:
1633:
1622:
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1331:Upper Palatinate
1317:
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1274:
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1178:Hans Schaidinger
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639:Steinerne Brücke
634:
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598:
586:
574:
518:Joachim Wolbergs
432:: קיינמאל מער –
359:Philipp Auerbach
205:Messerschmitt AG
105:Steinerne Brücke
48:
47:
45:
44:
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38:
34:
31:
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2589:
2565:
2564:
2457:
2371:Henk Verheyen:
2180:toledoblade.com
2169:toledoblade.com
2015:Helmut Halter:
1941:
1936:
1935:
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1918:
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1536:
1532:
1524:Helmut Halter:
1523:
1516:
1503:
1499:
1486:
1482:
1465:
1461:
1448:
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1420:
1416:
1407:
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1379:
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1367:Helmut Halter:
1366:
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1215:U.S. Third Army
1203:Michael Lottner
1188:
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1031:Körber-Stiftung
1020:
1016:
1011:
1007:
995:(73,000 dead);
978:
974:
961:
957:
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492:) DICTATORSHIP,
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232:Auschwitz trial
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2455:External links
2453:
2452:
2451:
2392:
2369:
2354:
2339:
2324:
2293:But I Survived
2286:
2254:Dachauer Hefte
2248:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2194:
2183:
2172:
2159:David Yonke: "
2157:
2137:My Three Lives
2130:
2129:
2094:My Three Lives
2090:
2058:
2036:
2013:
1977:Barbara Distel
1969:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1916:
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1882:
1865:
1848:
1831:
1829:. May 4, 2015.
1814:
1797:
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1746:
1725:
1708:
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1634:
1626:Dachauer Hefte
1617:
1609:Dachauer Hefte
1600:
1583:
1575:Dachauer Hefte
1563:
1547:
1530:
1514:
1497:
1480:
1459:
1442:
1414:
1410:But I Survived
1394:
1373:
1360:
1343:
1319:Erich Zweck: "
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991:) (333 dead);
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822:Czechoslovakia
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2558:" (pdf) – on
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2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2366:3-596-14179-6
2363:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:83-85047-09-3
2348:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:83-216-0674-1
2333:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:83-85047-63-8
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2284:
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2272:
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2260:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2241:3-934941-07-9
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2192:
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2184:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:3-10-039309-0
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:3-921114-29-2
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:3-9803470-6-0
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2010:3-406-52964-X
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:Flossenbürg,
1988:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1973:Wolfgang Benz
1970:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1704:dokument-r.de
1701:
1695:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1651:
1650:dokument-r.de
1647:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1279:
1272:
1266:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1229:
1223:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1180:in July 2007.
1179:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1120:. April 2016.
1119:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1081:
1080:Gunter Demnig
1077:
1073:
1067:
1058:
1048:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1009:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
976:
969:
968:American zone
965:
959:
952:
948:
944:
937:
928:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
891:
884:
880:
874:
864:
857:
853:
847:
840:
834:
827:
823:
817:
815:
805:
796:
787:
780:
779:Lower Silesia
776:
775:Owl Mountains
772:
771:Project Riese
766:
759:
753:
746:
740:
736:
726:
723:
722:
709:
704:
697:
692:
685:
680:
673:
668:
661:
656:
649:
644:
640:
633:
628:
621:
616:
609:
604:
597:
592:
585:
580:
573:
568:
567:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
510:
506:
501:
491:
480:
479:STADTAMHOF 5
472:
468:
465:
461:
457:
451:
435:
431:
427:
418:
414:
411:
406:
404:
403:Christa Meier
398:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
379:Georg Zitzler
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
353:Commemoration
350:
348:
347:
346:Bauerntheater
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
314:
311:
307:
303:
302:Obertraubling
293:
291:
286:
284:
281:border, near
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:Ludwig Plagge
225:
221:
220:Volksdeutsche
217:
213:
212:Schutzstaffel
208:
206:
202:
197:
193:
189:
185:
179:
177:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
116:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
46:
2514:
2440:Nazi Germany
2407:
2399:
2372:
2357:
2342:
2327:
2292:
2278:
2258:
2252:
2228:
2201:
2190:
2189:" (pdf). on
2179:
2168:
2145:
2135:
2126:Toledo, Ohio
2093:
2070:
2064:
2042:
2016:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1945:
1939:Bibliography
1928:
1919:
1911:
1902:
1894:
1885:
1877:
1868:
1860:
1851:
1843:
1834:
1826:
1817:
1809:
1800:
1792:
1783:
1775:
1766:
1758:
1749:
1741:
1728:
1720:
1711:
1703:
1683:
1674:
1666:
1657:
1649:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1558:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1487:Ernst Klee:
1483:
1475:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1417:
1409:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1338:
1324:
1315:
1287:
1278:
1265:
1257:
1248:
1235:
1222:
1195:Johann Maier
1185:
1168:
1159:
1151:
1142:
1134:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1091:
1072:stolperstein
1066:
1057:
1047:
1038:
1030:
1017:
1008:
975:
958:
936:
927:
902:, Mühldorf,
890:
879:Adolf Hitler
873:
863:
855:
846:
833:
804:
795:
786:
765:
752:
739:
638:
515:
511:
507:
503:
483:
478:
453:
433:
424:
413:as follows:
407:
399:
385:
383:
370:
356:
344:
338:
333:
320:
310:forced labor
306:Neutraubling
299:
289:
287:
244:
209:
201:forced labor
180:
172:
145:
140:
136:
126:
111:(old town).
104:
101:Stone Bridge
92:
88:
80:
56:
52:
50:
18:
2519:Flossenbürg
2498:Flossenbürg
2487:Bad Arolsen
2444:Axis powers
2424:Bloomington
2202:vha.usc.edu
2128:. See also:
2039:Peter Heigl
1997:Ravensbrück
1438:vha.usc.edu
1434:Los Angeles
1207:Josef Zirkl
993:Flossenbürg
530:Pax Christi
434:keynmal mer
426:NEVER AGAIN
375:Burgomaster
326:Ludwigsburg
247:death march
190:guards and
168:Gross-Rosen
107:) from the
99:across the
40: /
2580:Regensburg
2569:Categories
2534:Yad Vashem
2467:Stadtamhof
2442:and other
2102:Pittsburgh
2061:Ernst Klee
1993:Mauthausen
1307:References
1291:See also:
1269:See also:
1252:See also:
1239:See also:
1226:See also:
1148:photograph
1131:photograph
1098:photograph
920:Fridolfing
916:Tittmoning
912:Burghausen
896:Vilsbiburg
852:photograph
758:Reichsbahn
743:See also:
456:The Greens
367:Lord Mayor
164:Buchenwald
141:Zur Glocke
129:Nazi Party
65:Regensburg
61:Stadtamhof
28:12°05′50″E
25:49°01′29″N
2538:Jerusalem
2275:0257-9472
2165:The Blade
2122:Holocaust
2079:Frankfurt
1962:977522321
1594:) (ed.):
1453:, Vol.1:
1211:Wehrmacht
1176:to Mayor
1086:(German).
1052:memorial.
908:Altötting
904:Neuötting
839:Bydgoszcz
558:CSU party
522:SPD party
277:, on the
267:U.S. Army
263:survivors
196:roll call
160:Auschwitz
137:Kolosseum
89:Kolosseum
2494:(German)
2426:, 2009,
2406:Vol. 1:
2383:, 2009,
2303:, 1998,
2301:Oświęcim
2269:, 1996,
2219:und der
2104:, 2009,
1956:, 1985,
989:Winklarn
719:See also
552:and the
546:anita f.
283:Salzburg
279:Austrian
273:(on the
257:(on the
255:Mühldorf
251:Landshut
109:Altstadt
2517:) – in
2436:ghettos
2317:Gestapo
2144:Press.
2114:Przerąb
1979:(ed.):
1954:Hamburg
1193:priest
1001:Ansbach
826:Sečovce
564:Gallery
542:Falcons
534:VVN-BdA
430:Yiddish
394:victims
275:Salzach
123:History
77:subcamp
73:Germany
69:Bavaria
2430:
2412:(WVHA)
2387:
2364:
2349:
2334:
2313:Poznań
2307:
2277:. The
2273:
2267:Dachau
2239:
2163:". on
2152:
2118:Poland
2108:
2085:
2053:
2031:
2008:
1960:
997:Amberg
985:Roding
964:typhus
918:, and
900:Dorfen
540:, the
536:, the
532:, the
330:Munich
271:Laufen
236:Kraków
186:. The
152:Allied
97:Danube
2536:– in
2532:– on
2504:– in
2500:– on
2481:– on
2398:(ed.)
2243:, on
2140:. on
1557:. on
1474:. on
731:Notes
192:kapos
2428:ISBN
2418:and
2385:ISBN
2381:Bonn
2362:ISBN
2347:ISBN
2332:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2271:ISSN
2237:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2106:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2051:ISBN
2029:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1958:OCLC
1466:The
1295:and
1205:and
1174:ArGe
949:and
550:ArGe
490:NAZI
462:and
428:(in
324:(in
300:The
253:and
139:and
51:The
2223:im
1100:on
777:in
538:DGB
464:SPD
460:CSU
341:war
285:).
259:Inn
234:in
59:) (
2571::
2422:,
2414:.
2400::
2379:,
2299:,
2291::
2167:.
2148:.
2100:,
2077:,
2063::
2041::
2023:("
2000:.
1995:,
1975:,
1744:.
1691:^
1637:^
1566:^
1517:^
1432:.
1397:^
1260:).
1146:A
1129:A
999:;
914:,
910:,
906:,
898:,
850:A
813:^
405:.
207:.
188:SS
178:.
166:,
162:,
143:.
71:,
67:,
63:,
2513:(
2450:.
2404:,
2391:.
2368:.
2353:.
2338:.
2323:.
2285:.
2247:.
2204:.
2196:"
2185:"
2089:.
2057:.
2035:.
1897:.
1880:.
1855:"
1838:"
1753:"
1706:.
1698:"
1652:.
1644:"
1561:.
1478:.
1440:.
1421:"
1341:.
1299:.
1256:(
1230:.
1154:.
1137:.
1104:.
1029:(
953:.
858:.
747:.
520:(
373:"
369:(
103:(
93:K
79:(
55:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
