1300:
908:
888:
927:
1264:
943:
1237:
1127:
1276:
1249:
1334:
41:
1318:
32:
1384:
1225:
1346:
1365:
1288:
1213:
4429:
104:
964:
1017:
1777:
Shearman, J. F. (1877). "Loca
Patriciana: Part XI. St. Patrick's Progress into Ossory-Disertum Patricii, Martartech in Magh Roighne – Patrician Missionaries in Ossory, Their Churches, Killamorey: St. Ciaran, First Bishop and Patron of Ossory: His Period, &c., &c.: Notices of Some Saints of
529:
In another legend which has become widespread, the first man to lay his hand on the province of Ulster would have claim to it. As a result, the warriors rushed towards land with one chopping off his hand and throwing it over his comrades and thus winning the land. In some versions of the tale, the
1176:
established the hereditary Order of
Baronets in England on 22 May 1611, in the words of Collins (1741): "for the plantation and protection of the whole Kingdom of Ireland, but more especially for the defence and security of the Province of Ulster, and therefore for their distinction those of this
742:. The former two have the full hand with fingers extended similar to the Red Hand. The form and position of the Kells Dextera Dei is of a pattern usually found on the Continent, whereas that used at Monasterboice and Clonmacnoise appears to unique within Christendom.
217:("the Red Hand of Ireland to victory") was also associated with them. An English writer of the time noted "The Ancient Red Hand of Ulster, the bloody Red Hand, a terrible cognizance! And in allusion to that terrible cognizance—the battle cry of Lamh dearg abu!"
476:
in a paper read before the Royal Irish
Academy in April 1900 noted the use of a right hand by the O'Neills around 1335, and surmises that it may have been for them a symbol signifying divine assistance and strength, whilst also suggesting that the ancient
745:
Bigger suggested the mention of the
Dextera Dei in Psalm 118 and Acts 2 represented the old-world figurative expression signifying strength and power, and such hand symbols can be found in ancient civilisations including amongst others the
360:
Writing in 1908, the then head of the O'Neill clan says of the Red Hand: "History teaches us that already in pagan days it was adopted by the O'Neills from the
Macgennis, who were princes in the north of Ireland region inhabited by them".
90:
It is an open hand coloured red, with the fingers pointing upwards, the thumb held parallel to the fingers, and the palm facing forward. It is usually shown as a right hand, but is sometimes a left hand, such as in the coats of arms of
298:, admonishes the claim of the O'Neills to the Red Hand, arguing that it rightly belongs to the Magennises, who should be allowed to keep it. He supports his statement citing several medieval texts attributing it to
1177:
order and their descendants may bear (the Red Hand of Ulster) in their coats of arms either in a canton or an escutcheon at their election". Such baronets may also display the Red Hand of Ulster on its own as a
907:
357:
appear to deride Ă“ Donnghaile as not having come from a hereditary bardic family and that he is of very low rank without honour, as well as hinting at his family's genealogical link to the O'Neills.
2820:
484:
In medieval Irish literature, several real and legendary kings were given the byname 'red hand' or 'red handed' to signify that they were great warriors. One is the mythical High King of
Ireland,
1299:
799:, meaning "the strong hand up" or "the strong hand will prevail". Hands feature prominently in Dermot O'Connor's 18th-century publication "Blazons and Irish Heraldic Terminology", with the
618:. He gained the name "Righdhearg" according to Geoffrey Keating as he had an arm that was "exceeding Red". Reachta is listed as the great-grandson of "Lughaigdh Lamdhearg" (Lugaid Lámderg).
887:
669:
are kin of the
Kavanagh's of Borris and according to their own traditions claim descent from a Cathair Rua Caomhánach who was said to descend the Lámhdhearg (Red Hand) branch of the
432:, they are granted three precious objects, amongst them a banner bearing the red hand. This banner eventually ended up without contest in the hands of the descendants of MĂl's son
628:
in the early 13th century. There is a poem that is attributed as having been composed between 1213 and Cathal's death in 1224, which makes frequent reference to Cathal's red hand.
453:, that one of the Collas placed their bloodied hand on a banner taken from them. He then states the Clann Domhnaill have used the symbol within his own time, and accepts the poem
149:(king of Ulster) for themselves in 1317 and then claiming it unopposed from 1345 onwards. An early Irish heraldic use in Ireland of the open right hand can be seen in the seal of
369:
Those involved in the bardic dispute of 1689 claimed that the Red Hand symbol came from a legendary ancestor who put his bloodstained hand on a banner after victory in battle:
4396:
942:
508:, and that Rudraige's name may mean "red wrist". In another edition a "Y.M." suggests likewise, arguing that Rudraige's name means "red arm". They also suggest that the
150:
786:(though F.J. appears instead of F.T.), writing that it conclusively proved the ancient character and widespread usage of the symbol amongst early pagan civilisations.
592:
and the "chaotic past" of the descent of the Dál gCais. His epithet meaning "red hand", was transferred to Lugaid Meann around the start of the Irish historic period.
1263:
926:
3247:
4344:
3267:
1236:
3364:
2789:
793:
in 1788, a red hand pointing upwards was the armorial symbol of the kings of
Ireland, and that it was still in use by the O'Brien family, whose motto was
466:
1047:
of County Galway and their fellow
Connacht kinsmen the Flahertys, Dalys, Melaghlins and Kearneys. On the O'Neill and Donnelly coat of arms the motto is
4349:
157:
1814:
Westropp, Thomas
Johnson (1918). "The Earthworks, Traditions, and the Gods of South-Eastern Co. Limerick, Especially from Knocklong to Temair Erann".
3360:
1352:
381:(another mythical Ulaid hero), and it has belonged to the descendants of Conall since then. This he says is backed up by medieval texts such as the
1162:
in their coat of arms, or in an escutcheon, at their pleasure, the arms of Ulster (to wit) a Hand Gules or a Bloody Hand in a Field Argent." It is
778:
revered the hands of their deceased chieftains. In the published version of his paper Bigger mentions a book published after he'd read his paper,
4206:
2685:
1930:
224:
dated 10 May 1612, which state that "the Baronets and their descendants shall and may bear, either in a canton in their coat of arms, or in an
2396:
244:
The exclusive rights to the use of the Red Hand symbol has proved a matter of debate over the centuries, primarily whether it belonged to the
134:
in 1243 who combined the de Burgh cross with the Red Hand to create a flag that represented the Earldom of Ulster and later became the modern
3426:
1467:
The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time
4378:
1275:
3545:
2969:
2881:
4392:
2106:
1248:
3313:
3191:
1333:
566:(Nuada the silver-handed) was also known by the alias Nuada Derg Lamh, the red-handed, amongst other aliases. Nuada is stated in the
1625:
McManus, Damian (2013). "Surnames and Scions: Adjectival Qualification of Christian Names and Cognomina in Classical Irish Poetry".
1158:
formally allowed this in 1835, ruling that the baronets of England, Ireland, Great Britain or the United Kingdom may "bear either a
443:
4211:
2847:
353:
Further poetic quatrains in the dispute were written by Mac an Baird, Ă“ Donnghaile, as well as by Mac an Bhaird's son Eoghain. The
1345:
4383:
3407:
3196:
1787:
1675:
1488:
1415:
228:, at their election, the arms of Ulster, that is, in a field argent, a hand gules, or a bloody hand." The oldest baronets used a
3557:
3441:
3101:
1816:
1442:
1198:
83:
in particular. It has also been used however by other Irish clans across the island, including the ruling families of western
688:", translated as 'a descendant (lit. 'daughter') of the red-handed kings of Leinster'. This poem, as well as the related poem
4359:
3390:
2380:
1968:
1582:
1028:) hand coloured red, with the fingers pointing upwards, the thumb held parallel to the fingers, and the palm facing forward.
873:) became, according to the bishop Thomas Strong (uncle of Thomas White, founder of the Irish College of Compostela after the
500:'red handed' king called Aodh Eangach would come to lead them and drive the English out of Ireland. In a 1901 edition of the
122:
The Red Hand is first documented in surviving records in the 13th century, where it was used by the Hiberno-Norman de Burgh
4261:
3644:
3530:
3599:
3512:
3469:
1287:
981:
127:
4364:
4128:
4031:
3525:
3436:
3211:
3014:
2974:
2962:
2957:
2945:
2873:
1656:
1551:
Hamilton, G. A. (1844). "On "A North House," in the Demesne of Hampton, and the Opening of a Tumulus near Knockingen".
1383:
287:
A dispute, dated to 1689, arose between several Irish poets about whose claim to the Red Hand was the most legitimate.
388:
3221:
2940:
2759:
2729:
1804:
1541:
1522:
1114:
The Red Hand sees use by both nationalists and loyalists, although is more closely associated with the latter, whose
1003:
4458:
4387:
3411:
3043:
2986:
2926:
1324:
1104:
869:
with crosses or shamrocks from the 13th century to the present day. In the 17th century St. James of Compostella (
4024:
3651:
3097:
2786:
The English Baronetage: Containing a Genealogical and Historical Account of all the English Baronets now Existing
913:
826:
621:
546:
In medieval Irish literature, several real and legendary kings were given the byname "red hand" or "red-handed" (
1317:
3656:
3552:
3226:
3206:
3161:
2859:
1866:
Vallancey, Charles (1788). "Description of an Ancient Monument in the Church of Lusk in the County of Dublin".
985:
639:
who fought a battle around the start of the 5th century against an army of marauders at Knocknigen near Dublin.
436:, from whom Conn of the Hundred Battles and thus the O'Neills are said to descend. The surviving texts of the
3634:
3343:
3257:
1224:
2680:"Symbols, Myth-Making, and Identity: The Red Hand of Ulster in Late Nineteenth-Century Paterson, New Jersey"
1212:
4291:
3609:
3535:
3385:
3318:
3242:
3116:
3073:
2840:
469:, father of the Collas, when in fact it is in reference to Echu Coba, legendary ancestor of the Magennises.
198:
2137:– Early Irish Population-Groups: Their Nomenclature, Classification, and Chronology. Section 3, Sept-Names
1126:
3629:
3002:
325:
1364:
697:
Gleoir Lamhderg, or Gleoir the red-handed, was a king of the Lamraighe and allegedly the step-father of
4334:
3973:
3639:
3333:
2663:
1666:
O'Daly, John; O'Donovan, John (1853). "Inauguration of Cathal Crobhdhearg O'Conor, King of Connaught".
1115:
1062:
531:
504:, a writer called "M.M." suggests that the Red Hand is named after the founder of the Clanna Rudraige,
558:). It signified that they were great warriors, their hands being red with the blood of their enemies.
492:, is cited in one Irish legend as being king of the Cruthin of Ulaid during the reign of the mythical
4453:
4041:
3897:
3617:
3431:
3353:
3338:
3323:
3171:
3106:
3068:
3058:
3048:
2908:
1938:
1437:
783:
723:
636:
202:
20:
4059:
4286:
3416:
3030:
2403:
1356:
1194:
2664:"Wars and Conflicts – Plantation of Ulster – English and Scottish Planters – The London Companies"
4354:
4303:
4019:
3771:
3520:
3380:
3186:
3131:
3121:
3088:
2921:
2833:
2469:
1255:
1185:, unlike other baronets, do not use the Red Hand of Ulster, but have their own badge showing the
1182:
1173:
974:
604:
316:
261:
116:
349:). Mac Muireadhaigh derides Ă“ Donnghaile as a fool and finds it deplorable that he is an author.
87:(i.e. the O'Flahertys and McHughs) and the chiefs of the Midlands (e.g. O'Daly, Kearney, etc.).
4374:
4251:
3877:
3397:
3252:
3141:
3092:
2368:
1186:
1131:
870:
775:
291:
257:
80:
2749:
2027:
1697:
1065:. Many other families have used the Red Hand to highlight an Ulster ancestry. The head of the
722:, or "Right Hand of God", is a symbol that appears on only three high crosses in Ireland: the
651:
305:
4036:
4007:
3540:
1100:, and is used by many other official and non-official organisations throughout the province.
865:). The most common heraldic shield in Galicia, as an autonomous region or as a kingdom, is a
666:
655:
643:
505:
473:
2134:
2110:
4468:
4406:
4173:
3944:
3921:
3706:
3592:
3446:
3421:
3290:
3111:
3083:
1108:
615:
8:
4281:
4183:
4079:
3967:
3812:
3502:
3492:
3402:
3078:
2935:
2916:
2870:
2698:
1875:
1752:
1709:
1630:
1556:
1457:
1447:
1147:
1025:
874:
706:
493:
450:
295:
233:
229:
4108:
611:
429:
4241:
4236:
4163:
4146:
4064:
3751:
3746:
3679:
3308:
3176:
3126:
3063:
3038:
3034:
2952:
2896:
1900:
1854:
1837:
Williams, N. J. A. (1990). "Dermot O'Connor's Blazons and Irish Heraldic Terminology".
1825:
1731:
1613:
1501:
1085:
1036:
894:
822:
767:
698:
253:
245:
142:
650:, the second son of Gerald Kavanagh, Lord of Ferns in 1431. Gerald was descended from
563:
4339:
4269:
3989:
3851:
3716:
3622:
3572:
3487:
3348:
3262:
2755:
2725:
2702:
2679:
2376:
1964:
1858:
1800:
1735:
1652:
1578:
1537:
1518:
1465:
1159:
858:
850:
790:
489:
425:
123:
3845:
3582:
585:
485:
459:. However, according to historian Gordon Ă“ Riain, Mac Muireadhaigh has mistaken the
179:
4198:
4178:
3999:
3954:
3328:
3009:
2991:
2878:
2694:
2626:
1892:
1846:
1756:
1721:
1713:
1605:
1471:
1451:
1309:
1190:
1178:
659:
589:
373:
Diarmaid Mac an Bhaird claimed that Conall Cernach (a mythical Ulaid hero from the
1479:
Burtchaell, G. D. (1902). "Badge of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland".
4463:
4298:
4226:
4221:
4051:
3929:
3856:
3497:
3181:
3156:
1934:
1155:
1135:
1089:
1066:
842:
829:
with a red hand or a red glove. It may be due to the phonetic similarity between
705:
of Irish mythology. The Lamraighe are claimed as descending from Lamha, a son of
632:
600:
269:
4433:
4329:
4168:
4156:
3934:
2997:
2981:
2931:
1070:
739:
647:
299:
221:
135:
131:
112:
72:
60:
40:
1076:
The Red Hand is present in the arms of a number of Ulster's counties, such as
800:
378:
187:
4447:
3984:
3817:
3691:
3166:
3151:
2706:
1780:
The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland
1760:
1515:
Royal Inauguration in Gaelic Ireland C. 1100–1600: A Cultural Landscape Study
1305:
1097:
1093:
1077:
1032:
755:
727:
567:
354:
332:
197:
The Red Hand symbol is believed to have been used by the O'Neills during its
31:
670:
4138:
4074:
4069:
3979:
3962:
3787:
3726:
3216:
3201:
1423:
Bergin, Osborn (1925). "Unpublished Irish Poems. XXIX: On Cathal Redhand".
1081:
1054:
878:
838:
735:
702:
596:
374:
342:
225:
2640:
1717:
1496:
Cavanagh, Cathal (2006). "Miscellaneous Stories of Caomhánachs in Exile".
575:
346:
4275:
4188:
3887:
3831:
3792:
3053:
2821:
National symbols of Ireland, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
2815:
1140:
Or, a cross engrailed per pale gules and sable, a crescent for difference
751:
731:
719:
535:
433:
321:
2299:
Myth, Legend & Romance: An encyclopaedia of the Irish folk tradition
1904:
1829:
1617:
1505:
1061:) contain the Red Hand; the clan has traditionally claimed descent from
4369:
3892:
3802:
3766:
3756:
3562:
1850:
1772:. Vol. Clogher Record. Clogher Historical Society. pp. 747–9.
1040:
1016:
988: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
866:
846:
571:
497:
206:
4013:
1726:
862:
335:
dismisses both these claims and states that the symbol belongs to the
145:
when they assumed the ancient kingship of Ulster, inventing the title
4401:
4122:
3906:
3761:
3736:
3711:
3136:
1896:
1609:
763:
635:
in his "Chronicles of Ireland" (first published in 1633), as being a
478:
314:(Clanna Rudraige) right to the symbol. He cites a story based on the
103:
4087:
3807:
1593:
963:
624:, otherwise known as "Cathal the Red-Handed O'Conor", was a king of
178:, translated as "The Úà Eachach are the 'red hand' of Ireland". The
4313:
4246:
3911:
3797:
3741:
3146:
2071:; Dr Katharine Simms, Department of History, Trinity College Dublin
1390:
1371:
818:
759:
625:
249:
84:
68:
1698:"VARIA III. Quatrains relating to the controversy of the Red Hand"
268:, the chief dynasty of the Cruthin of Ulaid, and also head of the
4231:
4216:
4115:
3902:
3882:
2856:
2825:
1151:
771:
747:
579:
183:
92:
948:
Coat of arms of Galicia in another German armorial, 17th century
232:(right) hand just like the O'Neills; however, it later became a
4101:
4094:
3939:
3872:
3731:
2064:
1375:
1163:
1073:, has three Red Hands on his arms granted as recently as 1891.
1044:
854:
766:. It is also used by Jews, Muslims, and can be found in use in
377:) put his bloodied hand on a banner as he avenged the death of
265:
115:
as the sign of a great warrior. It is believed to date back to
76:
2025:
1053:(Red Hand of Ireland). The arms of the chiefs of the Scottish
610:
The Annals of the Four Masters mentions "Reachta Righdhearg" (
16:
Symbol used in heraldry to denote the Irish province of Ulster
4151:
3721:
1963:. Portlaoise, Ireland: Evertype. pp. 8–9, Plates 1, 22.
1406:
Barry, E. (1895). "On Ogham-Stones Seen in Kilkenny County".
1058:
191:
530:
person who cuts off his hand belongs to the O'Neills, or is
2724:(107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. p. 524.
1438:"The Dextera Dei Sculptured on the High Crosses of Ireland"
1481:
The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
1460:
9 April 1900. Published October 1900 with extra paragraph.
1408:
The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
1168:
A hand sinister couped at the wrist extended in pale gules
857:), or by the assimilation of the Galician people with the
694:, mention a Carn Lámha, the burial place of Fraoch's hand.
449:
Niall Mac Muireadhaigh claimed that when the Three Collas
284:(an alias for Clanna Rudraige) and the Northern UĂ NĂ©ill.
3839:
595:
Labraid Lámderg (red hand Labraid) is a character in the
2028:"History of the Irish Brigades in the service of France"
841:' used to do this deliberately or by confusion, such as
3268:
List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland
2499:
1683:
O'Neill, The (1908). "The Heraldic Emblem of Ireland".
1665:
1269:
House flag of the Larne and Stranraer Steamboat Company
1242:
The flag of the Northern Ireland parliament (1953–1972)
534:
himself. In other versions, the person is the mythical
264:, whilst the Magennises were the ruling dynasty of the
166:, the first line of which is a variation of the title:
2363:
2361:
514:(Red Branch) of ancient Ulaid may actually come from
272:. A 16th-century poem noted disagreement between the
2998:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
1649:
On the Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish, III
1431:(53). Irish Province of the Society of Jesus: 61–65.
49:
The Red Hand of Ulster, dexter and sinister versions
2462:
1668:
Transactions of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society
541:
2678:
2358:
1193:. The left-hand version has also been used by the
1181:, suspended by a ribbon below the shield of arms.
646:, descend from Dermot Kavanagh Lamhdearg, lord of
496:. The O'Neills believed in the Middle Ages that a
3361:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland
1500:(27). Uà Cinsealaigh Historical Society: 96–105.
1154:to add to their arms to indicate their rank. The
665:The Cavenaghs of Kildare that became part of the
4445:
2425:
2423:
2373:Flag, Nation and Symbolism in Europe and America
2157:
2155:
302:, the legendary ancestor of the UĂ Eachach Cobo.
4207:Association football in the Republic of Ireland
2686:International Journal of Historical Archaeology
2040:National Library of Ireland Heraldry In Ireland
1982:
1980:
1839:Eighteenth-Century Ireland / Iris an Dá Chultúr
1339:Republican National Graves Association, Belfast
734:(also known as the Cross of the Scriptures) at
320:claiming that it belongs to the descendants of
252:. The O'Neills became the chief dynasty of the
190:after 773) that made up the ancient kingdom of
19:"Red Hand" redirects here. For other uses, see
2585:
2583:
2367:
2841:
2747:
2568:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2420:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2152:
1925:
1923:
1883:M., Y. (1901). "Annals of the Four Masters".
1845:. Eighteenth-Century Ireland Society: 61–88.
2722:Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood
2247:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2140:
1977:
1797:Oxford Concise Companion to Irish Literature
1691:(4). Ulster Archaeological Society: 178–180.
1293:Badge worn by baronets of the United Kingdom
418:Eoghan Ă“ Donnghaile, basing his tale on the
2970:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
2595:
2580:
2574:
2544:
2517:
2440:
2438:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2253:
2146:
2021:
2019:
1868:The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy
1682:
1646:
1512:
1048:
804:
794:
689:
683:
677:
553:
547:
521:
515:
509:
488:(Lugaid the red handed), who, according to
460:
454:
437:
419:
410:
404:
398:
392:
382:
336:
309:
276:
209:
170:
161:
4393:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland
2848:
2834:
2780:
2778:
2653:Burke's Peerage, London 2003, sub "Iveagh"
2607:
2556:
2476:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2224:
2167:
2161:
2104:
2098:
2074:
2043:
1920:
1478:
1281:House flag of the Ulster Steamship Company
1118:often centre the symbol as a focal point.
1031:The Red Hand features in other Irish clan
821:of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, the
328:and thus the O'Neills are said to descend.
153:, king of the Irish of Ulster, 1344–1364.
2743:
2741:
2601:
2534:
2532:
2179:
2130:
2128:
2092:
2086:
1865:
1725:
1637:
1024:The form in common use is an open right (
1004:Learn how and when to remove this message
588:is a legendary figure who appears in the
239:
4212:Association football in Northern Ireland
2676:
2613:
2589:
2550:
2523:
2450:
2444:
2435:
2429:
2322:
2230:
2016:
1986:
1958:
1836:
1813:
1776:
1770:Reweaving the Tapestry of Ancient Ulster
1767:
1550:
1495:
1125:
1015:
812:
603:, who is the friend of the warrior hero
481:may have brought the symbol to Ireland.
220:The Order of Baronets was instituted by
102:
98:
3408:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
2775:
2562:
2487:
2286:
2218:
2173:
2080:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2004:
1992:
1788:Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
1742:
1695:
1676:Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
1624:
1572:
1563:
1489:Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
1416:Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
676:Quatran 78 of the classical Irish poem
4446:
2738:
2529:
2511:
2505:
2493:
2280:
2125:
2069:1185. Lamh dhearg Eireann Uibh Eathach
1931:"Irish Ancestors /Heraldic traditions"
1817:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
1553:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
1443:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
1435:
1422:
3677:
3467:
3288:
2894:
2829:
2713:
2538:
2456:
2348:
2346:
2333:
2331:
2301:. Prentice Hall Press, 1991. pp.36-37
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2242:
2236:
2065:Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
2010:
1998:
1794:
1531:
1463:
1405:
2470:"Search Results for Labraid Lámderg"
2055:
1961:Irish Heraldry: A Brief Introduction
986:adding citations to reliable sources
957:
679:Carn Fraoich Soitheach na Saorchlann
2748:Pixley, F.S.A, Francis W. (2016) .
2352:
2337:
2026:John Cornelius O'Callaghan (1870).
1882:
1743:Ă“ Riain, Gordon (2013). "VARIA I".
1594:"The "Three Waves" of Ancient Erin"
1591:
1199:Federated Workers' Union of Ireland
465:element to mean the descendants of
364:
13:
3437:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland
3212:Economy of the Republic of Ireland
3010:Irish Free State (1922–1937)
2855:
2699:10.1023/B:IJHA.0000043699.88179.13
2343:
2328:
2259:
1425:Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review
1218:The flag of the province of Ulster
1197:, the Irish Citizen Army, and the
713:
409:), and Ă“ hĂšigĂnn's poem beginning
14:
4480:
3222:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
1577:. Irish Genealogical Foundation.
738:; and the Cross in the Street of
685:inghean rĂogh lámhdhearg Laighean
345:, the legendary ancestors of the
341:(Clandonnell, descended from the
141:It was afterwards adopted by the
107:Original red hand seal of Ă“ NĂ©ill
4427:
3391:Tallest buildings and structures
2788:, Volume 4, London, 1741, p.287
1824:. Royal Irish Academy: 127–183.
1534:Medieval Ireland An Encyclopedia
1382:
1363:
1344:
1332:
1316:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1134:indicate the viscount is also a
962:
941:
925:
918:Sammelband mehrerer WappenbĂĽcher
906:
886:
631:A Dermott Lamhdearg is cited by
294:, one of the last fully trained
39:
30:
2793:
2670:
2656:
2647:
2633:
2619:
2389:
1640:Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200
1513:Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth (2004).
1436:Bigger, Francis Joseph (1900).
1398:
973:needs additional citations for
953:
622:Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair
172:Lamh dhearg Éiriond Ibh Eathoch
3227:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis
2034:
1952:
1566:The General History of Ireland
1230:Four Provinces Flag of Ireland
806:Lámh dhearg air chlogad lúptha
156:An early-15th-century poem by
1:
3289:
2720:Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003).
2677:Brighton, Stephen A. (2004).
2641:"O Neill, Neill, Neale, Neil"
2500:O'Daly & O'Donovan (1853)
1913:
1685:Ulster Journal of Archaeology
1470:. Heritage Books – via
709:, a legendary king of Ulster.
691:Osnach Carad i gCluain Fraoch
570:as being the ancestor of the
163:Lámh dhearg Éireann à Eachach
4292:Northern Ireland flags issue
3468:
3243:List of conflicts in Ireland
2987:Southern Ireland (1921–1922)
1768:Schlegel, Donald M. (2002).
1575:Keating's History of Ireland
1150:) Red Hand is an option for
389:The Tale of Mac Da ThĂł's Pig
7:
3678:
3263:Gaelic clothing and fashion
2895:
2809:
2751:A History of The Baronetage
2371:; Jenkins, Richard (2007).
1959:Williams, Nicholas (2017).
1778:the Raceof the Ossorians".
1393:, a branch of the Magennis
1204:
1121:
932:Coat of arms of Galicia in
877:) the "true capital of the
326:Conn of the Hundred Battles
10:
4485:
2719:
1638:Ă“ CrĂłinĂn, DáibhĂ (1995).
1573:Keating, Geoffrey (1983).
1564:Keating, Geoffrey (1723).
1063:Niall of the Nine Hostages
532:Niall of the Nine Hostages
111:The Red Hand is rooted in
18:
4423:
4322:
4260:
4197:
4137:
4050:
3998:
3953:
3920:
3865:
3830:
3780:
3699:
3690:
3686:
3673:
3608:
3511:
3480:
3476:
3463:
3373:
3301:
3297:
3284:
3235:
3023:
2907:
2903:
2890:
2866:
2375:. Routledge. p. 81.
1096:. It also appears in the
817:In some Central European
424:, claimed that after the
2397:"The Red Hand of Ulster"
1761:10.3318/ERIU.2013.63.145
1696:Ă“ Riain, Gordon (2011).
1651:. Kessinger Publishing.
1647:O'Curry, Eugene (2010).
1357:University of Notre Dame
1323:The coat of arms of the
1195:Irish National Foresters
1020:Coat of arms of Monaghan
682:, makes mention of the "
4459:Northern Irish heraldry
4384:Prostitution (Republic)
2369:Eriksen, Thomas Hylland
2135:University College Cork
2030:. Cameron and Ferguson.
1464:Burke, Bernard (1884).
1308:with left hand for the
1256:Royal Ulster Yacht Club
1183:Baronets of Nova Scotia
1174:King James I of England
914:Coat of arms of Galicia
901:armorial, c. 1486–1500.
803:sept bearing the motto
384:Scéla Mucce Meic Da Thó
203:English rule in Ireland
3253:List of Irish kingdoms
1795:Welsh, Robert (1996).
1187:Royal Arms of Scotland
1143:
1132:Viscount Brookeborough
1111:feature the Red Hand.
1049:
1021:
871:Santiago de Compostela
805:
796:Lamh laidir an uachdar
795:
776:Aboriginal Australians
690:
684:
678:
562:The ancient Irish god
554:
548:
542:"Red Hand" as a byname
522:
516:
510:
461:
456:Lámh Éireann à Eachach
455:
438:
420:
412:Lámh Éireann à Eachach
411:
405:
399:
393:
383:
337:
310:
292:Diarmaid Mac an Bhaird
277:
240:Dispute over ownership
211:lámh dearg Éireann abú
210:
171:
162:
108:
67:) is a symbol used in
64:
4360:Mass media (Republic)
4304:National coat of arms
3192:IRA Northern Campaign
1718:10.1353/eri.2011.0006
1189:on a shield over the
1129:
1107:that carried out the
1019:
813:References to Galicia
667:Protestant Ascendancy
656:Diarmait Mac Murchada
644:Borris, County Carlow
506:Rudraige mac Sithrigi
186:tribes (known as the
106:
99:Historical background
4282:County coats of arms
4174:List of Irish people
3248:List of Irish tribes
3098:Cromwellian conquest
3084:Plantation of Ulster
3015:Ireland (since 1922)
2754:. pp. 262–269.
1532:Duffy, Seán (2005).
1446:. Third Series (6).
1191:Saltire of St Andrew
1109:Plantation of Ulster
982:improve this article
825:is represented by a
730:; the Cross of King
616:High King of Ireland
201:(1594–1603) against
151:Aodh Reamhar Ă“ NĂ©ill
4397:in Northern Ireland
4388:in Northern Ireland
4129:Legendary creatures
4042:Traditional singing
3878:Saint Patrick's Day
3513:Republic of Ireland
3442:Tourist attractions
3427:ROI–UK border
3412:of Northern Ireland
3365:in Northern Ireland
3197:IRA Border Campaign
3172:War of Independence
3142:Second Great Famine
3127:Act of Union (1800)
3079:Flight of the Earls
2936:Lordship of Ireland
2871:Republic of Ireland
2472:. Oxford Reference.
1876:Royal Irish Academy
1753:Royal Irish Academy
1710:Royal Irish Academy
1631:Royal Irish Academy
1629:. 63, pp. 117–143.
1559:. pp. 249–252.
1557:Royal Irish Academy
1458:Royal Irish Academy
1448:Royal Irish Academy
1050:Lámh Dhearg Éireann
875:Flight of the Earls
707:Conchobar mac Nessa
652:Domhnall Caomhánach
494:Conchobar Mac Nessa
397:(also known as the
306:Eoghan Ă“ Donnghaile
4434:Ireland portal
3752:Skirts and kidneys
3258:List of High Kings
3177:Anglo-Irish Treaty
3117:First Great Famine
3102:Settlement of 1652
3074:Tyrone's Rebellion
3064:Desmond Rebellions
2953:Kingdom of Ireland
2575:Fitzpatrick (2004)
2297:Ă“ hĂ“gáin, DáithĂ.
1885:All Ireland Review
1851:10.3828/eci.1990.7
1598:All Ireland Review
1144:
1022:
895:Kingdom of Galicia
823:Kingdom of Galicia
724:Cross of Muiredach
699:Fionn mac Cumhaill
502:All Ireland Review
451:defeated the Ulaid
439:Lebor Gabála Érenn
421:Lebor Gabála Érenn
317:Lebor Gabála Érenn
296:Irish bardic poets
109:
57:Red Hand of Ulster
4441:
4440:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4414:
3826:
3825:
3717:Bacon and cabbage
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3536:Foreign relations
3459:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3386:Notable buildings
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
2800:Debrett's Peerage
2784:Collins, Arthur,
2382:978-1-134-06696-4
2162:Burtchaell (1902)
1970:978-1-78201-139-2
1782:. Fourth Series.
1687:. Second Series.
1584:978-0-686-44360-5
1517:. Boydell Press.
1105:the Irish Society
1014:
1013:
1006:
791:Charles Vallancey
642:The Kavanaghs of
446:but not a banner.
258:Northern UĂ NĂ©ill
130:who became first
81:Northern UĂ NĂ©ill
65:Lámh Dhearg Uladh
4476:
4454:Heraldic charges
4432:
4431:
4430:
4109:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
3697:
3696:
3688:
3687:
3675:
3674:
3610:Northern Ireland
3588:
3578:
3568:
3478:
3477:
3465:
3464:
3299:
3298:
3286:
3285:
3162:Home Rule crisis
2992:Northern Ireland
2905:
2904:
2892:
2891:
2879:Northern Ireland
2850:
2843:
2836:
2827:
2826:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2682:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2602:Vallancey (1788)
2599:
2593:
2587:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2514:, pp. 61–65
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2433:
2432:, pp. 145–7
2427:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2402:. Archived from
2401:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2365:
2356:
2350:
2341:
2335:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2313:, pp. 78–94
2308:
2302:
2295:
2284:
2283:, pp. 79–84
2278:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2109:. Archived from
2105:Place Names NI.
2102:
2096:
2093:Ă“ CrĂłinĂn (1995)
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2062:
2053:
2052:, pp. 147–8
2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1989:, pp. 747–9
1984:
1975:
1974:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1937:. Archived from
1927:
1908:
1897:10.2307/20545308
1879:
1862:
1833:
1810:
1791:
1773:
1764:
1739:
1729:
1692:
1679:
1662:
1643:
1634:
1621:
1610:10.2307/20545459
1588:
1569:
1560:
1547:
1528:
1509:
1492:
1483:. Fifth Series.
1475:
1472:Internet Archive
1456:Read before the
1455:
1452:Internet Archive
1432:
1419:
1410:. Fifth Series.
1386:
1367:
1348:
1336:
1320:
1310:Curtius baronets
1302:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1130:The arms of the
1052:
1009:
1002:
998:
995:
989:
966:
958:
945:
929:
910:
893:Coat of arms of
890:
808:
798:
693:
687:
681:
660:king of Leinster
637:king of Leinster
612:Rechtaid RĂgderg
590:Book of Leinster
557:
551:
525:
519:
513:
464:
458:
441:
430:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
423:
414:
408:
402:
396:
386:
365:Possible origins
340:
333:Mac Muireadhaigh
313:
280:
213:
182:were one of the
174:
165:
43:
34:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4428:
4426:
4411:
4379:outside Ireland
4350:Historic houses
4318:
4299:Irish Wolfhound
4270:Brighid's Cross
4256:
4227:Gaelic handball
4222:Gaelic football
4193:
4164:Hiberno-Normans
4133:
4046:
3994:
3949:
3930:Hiberno-English
3916:
3861:
3822:
3776:
3682:
3661:
3604:
3586:
3576:
3566:
3507:
3498:Ulster loyalism
3472:
3451:
3369:
3293:
3272:
3231:
3157:Dublin lock-out
3093:Confederate War
3044:Norman invasion
3031:Battles of Tara
3019:
2975:1801–1923
2963:1691–1800
2958:1536–1691
2946:1169–1536
2899:
2886:
2862:
2854:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2783:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2718:
2714:
2675:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2614:Williams (1990)
2612:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2590:Shearman (1877)
2588:
2581:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2557:
2551:Cavanagh (2006)
2549:
2545:
2537:
2530:
2524:Hamilton (1844)
2522:
2518:
2510:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2445:Westropp (1918)
2443:
2436:
2430:Westropp (1918)
2428:
2421:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2344:
2336:
2329:
2323:Schlegel (2002)
2321:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2279:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2237:
2231:Williams (1990)
2229:
2225:
2217:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2113:on 16 June 2020
2103:
2099:
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2075:
2063:
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2035:
2024:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1987:Schlegel (2002)
1985:
1978:
1971:
1957:
1953:
1944:
1942:
1935:The Irish Times
1929:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1891:(14): 102–103.
1807:
1659:
1604:(24): 184–185.
1592:M., M. (1901).
1585:
1568:. J. Bettenham.
1555:. Vol. 3.
1544:
1525:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1378:
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1279:
1270:
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1252:
1243:
1240:
1231:
1228:
1219:
1216:
1207:
1156:College of Arms
1124:
1067:Guinness family
1010:
999:
993:
990:
979:
967:
956:
949:
946:
937:
930:
921:
911:
902:
891:
815:
780:Horns of Plenty
716:
714:Similar symbols
633:Meredith Hanmer
601:Irish mythology
564:Nuada Airgetlám
544:
367:
338:Clann Domhnaill
270:Clanna Rudraige
266:UĂ Eachach Cobo
262:kings of Ulster
242:
199:Nine Years' War
128:Walter de Burgh
124:earls of Ulster
101:
53:
52:
51:
50:
46:
45:
44:
36:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4409:
4404:
4399:
4390:
4381:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:Heritage Sites
4342:
4337:
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4326:
4324:
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4317:
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4169:Irish diaspora
4166:
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4160:
4159:
4157:Gaelic Ireland
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3898:Rose of Tralee
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3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3707:List of dishes
3703:
3701:
3694:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3623:D'Hondt method
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3584:Seanad Éireann
3580:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3474:
3473:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:Extreme points
3321:
3316:
3314:Climate change
3311:
3305:
3303:
3295:
3294:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3132:1803 Rebellion
3129:
3124:
3122:1798 Rebellion
3119:
3114:
3109:
3107:Williamite War
3104:
3095:
3089:1641 Rebellion
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3069:Spanish Armada
3066:
3061:
3059:Tudor conquest
3056:
3051:
3049:Bruce campaign
3046:
3041:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2994:(1921–present)
2989:
2984:
2982:Irish Republic
2979:
2978:
2977:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2941:800–1169
2932:Gaelic Ireland
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2901:
2900:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2876:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:, 1968, p.1235
2792:
2774:
2760:
2737:
2730:
2712:
2693:(2): 149–164.
2669:
2655:
2646:
2643:. Araltas.com.
2632:
2627:"Thomas White"
2618:
2606:
2594:
2579:
2567:
2563:McManus (2013)
2555:
2543:
2528:
2516:
2504:
2492:
2488:Keating (1723)
2475:
2461:
2449:
2434:
2419:
2388:
2381:
2357:
2342:
2327:
2315:
2311:O'Curry (2010)
2303:
2285:
2258:
2254:O'Neill (1908)
2246:
2235:
2223:
2219:Ă“ Riain (2011)
2178:
2174:Keating (1983)
2166:
2151:
2147:O'Neill (1908)
2139:
2124:
2097:
2085:
2081:McManus (2013)
2073:
2054:
2050:Ă“ Riain (2013)
2042:
2033:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1976:
1969:
1951:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1880:
1863:
1834:
1811:
1805:
1792:
1774:
1765:
1740:
1693:
1680:
1663:
1658:978-1163577769
1657:
1644:
1635:
1622:
1589:
1583:
1570:
1561:
1548:
1542:
1529:
1523:
1510:
1493:
1476:
1461:
1433:
1420:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1362:
1360:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1254:Ensign of the
1253:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1123:
1120:
1071:Earl of Iveagh
1035:including the
1012:
1011:
994:September 2017
970:
968:
961:
955:
952:
951:
950:
947:
940:
938:
934:Hofkleiderbuch
931:
924:
922:
912:
905:
903:
892:
885:
814:
811:
784:F. T. Elworthy
715:
712:
711:
710:
695:
674:
663:
640:
629:
619:
608:
593:
586:Lugaid Lámderg
583:
543:
540:
490:Eugene O'Curry
486:Lugaid Lámderg
471:
470:
447:
444:four treasures
416:
406:Senchas SĂl ĂŤr
394:Leabhar Ultach
366:
363:
355:Mac an Bhairds
351:
350:
329:
303:
300:Conall Cernach
260:and later the
241:
238:
222:letters patent
158:Mael Ă“ hĂšigĂnn
136:Flag of Ulster
132:Earl of Ulster
113:Gaelic culture
100:
97:
73:Irish province
71:to denote the
48:
47:
38:
37:
29:
28:
27:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4481:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4436:
4435:
4422:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4402:Public houses
4400:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3658:
3657:Peace process
3655:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3587:(upper house)
3585:
3581:
3579:
3577:(lower house)
3575:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3493:Republicanism
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:Peace process
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3187:The Emergency
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Easter Rising
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:Fenian Rising
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Early history
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2763:
2761:9780956815750
2757:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2742:
2733:
2731:0-9711966-2-1
2727:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2659:
2650:
2642:
2636:
2629:. dbe.rah.es.
2628:
2622:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2592:, p. 209
2591:
2586:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2565:, p. 120
2564:
2559:
2553:, p. 100
2552:
2547:
2541:, p. 552
2540:
2535:
2533:
2526:, p. 252
2525:
2520:
2513:
2512:Bergin (1925)
2508:
2502:, p. 337
2501:
2496:
2490:, p. 157
2489:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2465:
2459:, p. 365
2458:
2453:
2447:, p. 134
2446:
2441:
2439:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2409:on 2016-10-06
2405:
2398:
2392:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2355:, p. 102
2354:
2349:
2347:
2340:, p. 184
2339:
2334:
2332:
2325:, p. 728
2324:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2256:, p. 180
2255:
2250:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2221:, p. 171
2220:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2176:, p. 728
2175:
2170:
2164:, p. 418
2163:
2158:
2156:
2149:, p. 179
2148:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2089:
2083:, p. 122
2082:
2077:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2046:
2037:
2029:
2022:
2020:
2013:, p. 481
2012:
2007:
2001:, p. 231
2000:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1941:on 2011-03-05
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1806:0-19-280080-9
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1543:0-415-94052-4
1539:
1536:. Routledge.
1535:
1530:
1526:
1524:9781843830900
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1098:Ulster Banner
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:coats of arms
1029:
1027:
1018:
1008:
1005:
997:
987:
983:
977:
976:
971:This section
969:
965:
960:
959:
944:
939:
935:
928:
923:
919:
915:
909:
904:
900:
896:
889:
884:
883:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
810:
807:
802:
797:
792:
789:According to
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:Carthaginians
753:
749:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:Monasterboice
725:
721:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
686:
680:
675:
672:
668:
664:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
638:
634:
630:
627:
623:
620:
617:
613:
609:
606:
602:
598:
594:
591:
587:
584:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:Book of Lecan
565:
561:
560:
559:
556:
550:
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428:defeated the
427:
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259:
255:
254:Cenél nEógain
251:
247:
237:
236:(left) hand.
235:
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62:
58:
42:
33:
22:
4425:
4395: /
4386: /
4377: /
4355:Homelessness
4308:
4274:
4242:Road bowling
4237:Martial arts
4184:Ulster Scots
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4065:Mythological
4012:
3972:
3945:Ulster Scots
3905: /
3844:
3772:Three-in-One
3583:
3574:Dáil Éireann
3573:
3563:
3521:Constitution
3410: /
3381:Architecture
3363: /
3236:Other topics
3217:Celtic Tiger
3202:The Troubles
3100: /
3091: /
3037: /
3033: /
2934: /
2922:Protohistory
2799:
2795:
2785:
2765:. Retrieved
2750:
2721:
2715:
2690:
2684:
2672:
2658:
2649:
2635:
2621:
2616:, p. 68
2609:
2604:, p. 59
2597:
2577:, p. 65
2570:
2558:
2546:
2539:Burke (1884)
2519:
2507:
2495:
2464:
2457:Barry (1895)
2452:
2411:. Retrieved
2404:the original
2391:
2372:
2318:
2306:
2298:
2249:
2243:Welsh (1996)
2238:
2233:, p. 64
2226:
2169:
2142:
2115:. Retrieved
2111:the original
2100:
2095:, p. 48
2088:
2076:
2068:
2045:
2036:
2011:Duffy (2005)
2006:
1999:Duffy (2005)
1994:
1960:
1954:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:the original
1888:
1884:
1871:
1867:
1842:
1838:
1821:
1815:
1796:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1748:
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1626:
1601:
1597:
1574:
1565:
1552:
1533:
1514:
1497:
1484:
1480:
1466:
1450:– via
1441:
1428:
1424:
1411:
1407:
1399:Bibliography
1353:O'Neill Hall
1172:
1167:
1166:as follows:
1145:
1139:
1113:
1103:The arms of
1102:
1075:
1055:Clan MacNeil
1030:
1023:
1000:
991:
980:Please help
975:verification
972:
954:Modern usage
936:, 1508–1551.
933:
917:
898:
879:Irish people
839:canting arms
834:
830:
827:coat of arms
816:
788:
779:
744:
736:Clonmacnoise
717:
703:Fenian Cycle
597:Fenian Cycle
545:
528:
526:(red hand).
501:
483:
472:
467:Echu Doimlén
400:Senchas Ulad
375:Ulster Cycle
368:
359:
352:
343:Three Collas
324:, from whom
315:
311:Clanna RĂłigh
308:refutes the
286:
281:
273:
243:
226:inescutcheon
219:
214:
196:
175:
167:
155:
146:
140:
121:
110:
89:
56:
54:
4469:Red symbols
4375:Place names
4252:Rugby union
4147:Anglo-Irish
4032:Instruments
3888:The Twelfth
3852:Set dancing
3652:LGBT rights
3558:LGBT rights
3488:Nationalism
3054:Black Death
2816:Saint Ultan
2281:Bigger 1900
2117:1 September
1755:: 145–153.
1712:: 171–178.
1086:Londonderry
1037:O'Donnellys
881:in exile".
861:(people of
801:Ă“ Fearghail
764:Phoenicians
752:Babylonians
720:Dextera Dei
654:, a son of
648:St Mullin's
555:crobhdhearg
479:Phoenicians
474:F.J. Bigger
379:CĂş Chulainn
188:Dál nAraidi
147:Rex Ultonie
4448:Categories
4276:Cláirseach
4179:Travellers
4037:Rock music
4020:Folk music
3955:Literature
3757:Soda bread
3640:Government
3567:parliament
3564:Oireachtas
3541:Government
3481:Ideologies
3112:Penal Laws
3003:since 1922
2917:Prehistory
2413:2015-10-20
2353:M. (1901b)
2338:M. (1901a)
1945:2009-03-07
1914:References
1790:: 188–245.
1727:10344/5838
1678:: 335–347.
1642:. Longman.
1491:: 415–418.
1418:: 348–368.
920:, c. 1530.
899:Miltenberg
671:Caomhánach
572:Eoganachta
549:lámhdhearg
511:CrĂłeb Ruad
278:SĂol RĂşraĂ
250:Magennises
205:, and the
180:UĂ Eachach
4407:Squatting
4123:Fomorians
4052:Mythology
3922:Languages
3907:Halloween
3883:Bealtaine
3866:Festivals
3857:Stepdance
3762:Spice Bag
3747:Irish fry
3737:Colcannon
3712:Barmbrack
3635:Education
3593:President
3531:Education
3447:Transport
3422:Provinces
3344:Mountains
3319:Coastline
3291:Geography
3182:Civil War
3137:Tithe War
2707:1573-7748
1859:256187747
1736:245848621
859:Milesians
819:armorials
768:Palestine
760:Chaldeans
748:Assyrians
701:from the
576:Dál gCais
498:messianic
462:Ă Eachach
426:Milesians
347:AirgĂalla
160:is named
126:. It was
4365:Monastic
4330:Calendar
4314:Shamrock
4309:Red Hand
4247:Rounders
3912:Wren Day
3846:Sean-nĂłs
3798:Guinness
3742:Drisheen
3618:Assembly
3600:Taxation
3503:Unionism
3470:Politics
3403:Counties
3147:Land War
3039:Clontarf
3035:Glenmama
2909:Timeline
2810:See also
2107:"Iveagh"
1905:20545308
1878:: 57–68.
1830:25504213
1618:20545459
1506:25520125
1498:The Past
1391:McCartan
1389:Arms of
1372:Magennis
1370:Arms of
1351:Arms of
1205:Examples
1164:blazoned
1152:baronets
1148:sinister
1146:A left (
1122:Baronets
1090:Monaghan
1041:O'Cahans
835:Galician
626:Connacht
442:mention
391:"), the
246:O'Neills
234:sinister
143:O'Neills
93:baronets
85:Connacht
79:and the
69:heraldry
21:Red hand
4335:Castles
4262:Symbols
4232:Hurling
4217:Camogie
4116:Firbolg
4102:Immrama
4095:Echtrai
4025:session
4008:Ballads
3985:Theatre
3974:Gaeilge
3968:Fiction
3903:Samhain
3818:Whiskey
3692:Cuisine
3680:Culture
3630:Economy
3526:Economy
3334:Islands
3309:Climate
3302:Natural
2897:History
2857:Ireland
1355:at the
1136:baronet
1045:McHughs
863:Breogán
772:Morocco
614:) as a
580:Munster
256:of the
248:or the
207:war cry
184:Cruthin
119:times.
4464:Ulster
4340:Cinema
4139:People
4088:Aos SĂ
4075:Ulster
4070:Fenian
4060:Cycles
3990:Triads
3980:Poetry
3963:Annals
3940:Shelta
3893:LĂşnasa
3873:Imbolc
3808:PoitĂn
3788:Coffee
3781:Drinks
3732:Coddle
3398:Cities
3349:Rivers
3339:Loughs
3024:Events
2882:topics
2874:topics
2860:topics
2767:6 July
2758:
2728:
2705:
2666:. BBC.
2379:
1967:
1903:
1857:
1828:
1803:
1786:(29).
1734:
1655:
1616:
1581:
1540:
1521:
1504:
1376:Iveagh
1160:canton
1116:murals
1094:Tyrone
1078:Antrim
1069:, the
1043:, the
1026:dexter
855:DragĂłn
851:AragĂłn
847:Calice
843:Galice
831:Gaelic
536:Érimón
434:Érimón
331:Niall
322:Érimón
230:dexter
77:Ulster
4370:Names
4323:Other
4287:Flags
4199:Sport
4152:Gaels
4080:Kings
4014:CĂ©ilĂ
4000:Music
3935:Irish
3832:Dance
3793:Cream
3727:Champ
3722:Boxty
3645:local
3546:local
3432:Towns
3417:Ports
3374:Human
3329:Fauna
2407:(PDF)
2400:(PDF)
1901:JSTOR
1855:S2CID
1826:JSTOR
1732:S2CID
1674:(2).
1614:JSTOR
1502:JSTOR
1487:(4).
1414:(4).
1179:badge
1082:Cavan
1059:Barra
867:grail
849:or D'
740:Kells
732:Flann
673:clan.
605:Oscar
523:ruadh
192:Ulaid
117:pagan
61:Irish
4189:Yola
3803:Mist
3767:Stew
3700:Food
3354:list
2769:2017
2756:ISBN
2726:ISBN
2703:ISSN
2377:ISBN
2119:2017
1965:ISBN
1801:ISBN
1745:Ériu
1702:Ériu
1653:ISBN
1627:Ériu
1579:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1306:Seal
1092:and
1057:(of
833:and
770:and
762:and
718:The
574:and
520:and
517:crob
403:and
55:The
3840:Jig
3813:Tea
3553:Law
2695:doi
1893:doi
1847:doi
1757:doi
1722:hdl
1714:doi
1606:doi
1374:of
1325:GNR
984:by
916:in
897:in
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