823:
4094:
982:
301:
73:
1115:). By their definitions, suppositories are inserted, and enemas are injected into the rectum. Medications might be given via the rectum to relieve constipation, to treat conditions near the rectum, such as fissures or haemorrhoids, or to give medications that are systemically active when taking them by mouth is not possible. People do not tend to like medications administered by this route because of both cultural issues, discomfort, and issues that may affect the medication working, such as leakage.
596:
811:
974:
61:
855:
799:
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963:
720:
587:
1145:, immobility, and lack of dietary fibre, although there are many potential causes. Such causes may include obstruction because of narrowing, local disease (such as Crohn's disease, fissures or haemorrhoids), or diseases affecting the neurological control of the bowel, or slow bowel transit time, including
953:
The urge to voluntarily defecate occurs after the rectal pressure increases to beyond 18 mmHg; and reflex expulsion at 55 mmHg. In voluntary defecation, in addition to contraction of the rectal muscles and relaxation of the external anal sphincter, abdominal muscle contraction, and relaxation of the
822:
1088:
should be inserted for 3 to 5 minutes; a digital thermometer should remain inserted until it beeps. Normal rectal temperature generally ranges from 36 to 38 °C (97 to 100 °F) and is about 0.5 °C (32.9 °F) above oral (mouth) temperature and about 1 °C (34 °F) above
1211:
that induce peristalsis in the large bowel do not appear to initiate peristalsis in the rectum. They induce a sensation of rectal fullness and contraction that frequently leads to defecation, but without the distinct waves of activity characteristic of peristalsis.
1394:. During his anatomic investigations on animal corpses, Galen observed the rectum to be straight instead of curved as in humans. The expressions ἀπευθυσμένον ἔντερον and intestinum rectum are therefore not appropriate descriptions of the rectum in humans.
1184:. A digital rectal examination may be performed to see if there is stool in the rectum, and whether there is an obstruction. When symptoms such as weight loss, bleeding through the rectum, or pain are present, additional investigations such as a
537:) at the level of the third sacral vertebra or the sacral promontory depending upon what definition is used. Its diameter is similar to that of the sigmoid colon at its commencement, but it is dilated near its termination, forming the
704:. It enters the mesorectum at the level of S3, and then splits into two branches, which run at the lateral back part of the rectum, and then the sides of the rectum. These then end in branches in the submucosa, which join with (
781:
of two bands of muscle, an inner circular band and an outer longitudinal one. There are a higher concentration of goblet cells in the rectal mucosa than other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
673:. The taeniae blend with one another in the sigmoid colon five centimeters above the rectum, becoming a singular longitudinal muscle that surrounds the rectum on all sides for its entire length.
1478:
1238:
that causes ulcers that affect the rectum. This may be episodic, over a person's lifetime. These may cause blood to be visible in the stool. As of 2014, the cause is unknown.
1093:(armpit) temperature. Availability of less invasive temperature-taking methods including tympanic (ear) and forehead thermometers has facilitated reduced use of this method.
491:
272:
1199:
may be used. Constipation that persists may require enemas or suppositories. Sometimes, use of the fingers or hand (manual evacuation) is required. Although
1489:
2304:
1456:
2224:
2145:
1037:
248:
3419:
484:
1402:
has a similar meaning (εὐθύς 'straight). Much of the knowledge of the anatomy of the rectum comes from detailed descriptions provided by
533:
in others. The adult human rectum is about 12 centimetres (4.7 in) long, and begins at the rectosigmoid junction (the end of the
4010:
477:
865:
1515:
Wolff BG, Fleshman JW, Beck DE, Pemberton JH, Wexner SD, Church JM, Garcia-Aguilar J, Roberts PL, Saclarides TJ, eds. (2007).
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puborectalis muscle occurs. This acts to make the angle between the rectum and anus straighter, and facilitate defecation.
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2181:
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expulsion of the contents of the rectum occurs. Expulsion occurs through contractions of the muscles of the rectum.
798:
681:
The blood supply of the rectum changes between the top and bottom portions. The top two thirds is supplied by the
4129:
4047:
2290:
1195:
In general however, constipation is treated by improving factors such as hydration, exercise, and dietary fibre.
835:
in amongst the column-shaped lining. Goblet cells can be seen as the circular cells with a clear inner material (
180:
1192:
to measure pressures in the anus and rectum, electrophysiological studies, and magnetic resonance proctography.
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168:
731:
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1235:
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553:, which is about 4 centimetres (1.6 in) long, before the gastrointestinal tract terminates at the
188:
2258:
1464:
4124:
3537:
3243:
3221:
919:. As the rectal walls expand due to the materials filling it from within, stretch receptors from the
192:
3680:
3675:
4042:
3615:
3562:
2276:
1956:
Schreger CH (1805). "Synonymia anatomica. Synonymik der anatomischen
Nomenclatur". In Fürth (ed.).
1058:
that use a guided camera to directly view the rectum. The instruments may have the ability to take
911:
The rectum acts as a temporary storage site for feces. The rectum receives fecal material from the
880:
690:
231:
4054:
4027:
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2383:
935:
931:
119:
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3983:
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3519:
3509:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2398:
2393:
2314:
1415:
1073:
1041:
682:
530:
458:
453:
313:
279:
255:
243:
184:
131:
78:
17:
2046:
Kossmann R (1895). "Die gynäcologische
Anatomie und ihre zu Basel festgestellte Nomenclatur".
2013:
Die anatomischen Namen. Ihre
Ableitung und Aussprache. Mit einem Anhang: Biographische Notizen
4037:
3610:
3595:
3577:
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3132:
3127:
2894:
2356:
1295:
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may be ordered. If constipation persists despite simple treatments, testing may also include
1181:
1141:
forms. Constipation is most commonly due to dietary and lifestyle factors such as inadequate
1102:
754:
748:
448:
148:
31:
2081:
4005:
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3620:
3311:
3184:
2747:
2614:
2361:
2351:
1299:
686:
164:
135:
549:, again depending upon which definition is used. In humans, the rectum is followed by the
8:
4059:
3910:
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3712:
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152:
43:
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1231:
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1146:
981:
943:
778:
463:
396:
1928:"Anal Sex Practices and Rectal Erogenous Zones: An Anatomic Questionnaire Based Study"
1044:
probe may be inserted into the rectum to view nearby structures such as the prostate.
4000:
3925:
3722:
3494:
3484:
3396:
3381:
3336:
3331:
3296:
3003:
2962:
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2237:
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2177:
2158:
2127:
2117:
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1940:
1927:
1908:
1832:
1716:
1549:
1520:
1252:
1158:
770:
39:
1993:
Onomatologia
Anatomica. Geschichte und Kritik der anatomischen Sprache der Gegenwart
1275:
of the rectum into the anus or external area. This is commonly caused by a weakened
4093:
4020:
3784:
3630:
3585:
3489:
3424:
3225:
3206:
2775:
2765:
2701:
2604:
2472:
2436:
2388:
2067:
Latijnsch-Hollandsch woordenboek over de geneeskunde en natuurkundige wetenschappen
1898:
1890:
1822:
1812:
1748:
1403:
1134:
1017:
1013:
912:
413:
408:
1620:
300:
4119:
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3429:
3346:
3321:
3268:
3248:
3238:
3201:
2982:
2931:
2902:
2770:
2760:
2755:
2720:
2696:
2577:
1430:
1307:
1268:
1208:
1033:
923:
located in the rectal walls stimulate the desire to pass feces, a process called
522:
403:
386:
369:
236:
107:
2429:
2424:
1541:
1076:
can also be taken in the rectum. Rectal temperature can be taken by inserting a
876:
784:
The lining of the rectum changes sharply at the line where the rectum meets the
565:
3779:
3640:
3499:
3474:
3464:
3341:
3326:
3276:
3189:
3069:
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1347:
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1108:
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766:
647:
2312:
2131:
2080:
Beck DE, Roberts PL, Saclarides TJ, Senagore AJ, Stamos MJ, Nasseri Y (2011).
1801:"Physiological and Pharmaceutical Considerations for Rectal Drug Formulations"
72:
4113:
3759:
3650:
3504:
3233:
3168:
3159:
3107:
3099:
3059:
3049:
2947:
2780:
2542:
2537:
2527:
2504:
2210:
1817:
1376:
1248:
1051:
627:
534:
418:
260:
696:
The superior rectal artery is a single artery that is a continuation of the
3959:
3898:
3888:
3858:
3774:
3769:
3697:
3514:
3306:
3013:
2955:
2856:
2846:
2532:
2512:
2489:
2484:
2371:
1973:
A Latin dictionary founded on
Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary
1836:
1553:
1302:
and thus prone to ischemia. Sudeck's point is often referred to along with
1276:
1225:
1173:
1130:
1124:
1029:
977:
Retroflexed view of the human rectum seen at colonoscopy showing anal verge
939:
670:
663:
546:
542:
114:
35:
2479:
1912:
3988:
3920:
3876:
3841:
3831:
3732:
3469:
3164:
3142:
3042:
2851:
2788:
2624:
2619:
2597:
2318:
1926:
Walton, Alice Bryte; Stelmar, Jenna; Carter, Eric; Duralde, Erin (2021).
1715:(6th ed.). Chatswood, N.S.W.: Elsevier Australia. pp. 179–180.
1420:
1200:
1067:
1047:
1009:
1003:
967:
916:
832:
788:. Here, the lining changes from the column-shaped cells of the rectum to
762:
753:
The microanatomy of the wall of the rectum is similar to the rest of the
701:
639:
595:
1894:
562:
3954:
3937:
3749:
3454:
3371:
2990:
2906:
2841:
2833:
2609:
1488:, American Joint Committee on Cancer, 2006, p. 109, archived from
1169:
1081:
924:
643:
631:
554:
550:
207:
92:
1572:
1570:
1168:
Testing may be carried out to investigate the cause. This may include
1138:
973:
669:
Unlike other portions of the colon, the rectum does not have distinct
285:
4076:
3826:
3816:
3764:
3742:
3727:
3665:
3660:
3459:
3439:
3301:
3137:
3064:
2921:
2911:
2413:
1388:
1221:
1204:
1196:
1055:
836:
828:
774:
541:. It terminates at the level of the anorectal ring (the level of the
339:
1713:
Clinical examination : a systematic guide to physical diagnosis
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1587:
1585:
989:
is conducted to investigate or diagnose conditions including of the
946:). As the rectum becomes more distended, the sphincters relax and a
60:
3947:
3915:
3836:
3794:
3737:
3717:
3590:
3444:
3434:
3174:
3154:
3054:
3018:
2634:
1567:
1335:
1325:
1272:
1142:
990:
349:
1995:. Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller. K.K. Hof- und Universitätsbuchhändler.
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
966:
The inside of a normal human rectum in a 70-year-old, seen during
4071:
3942:
3871:
3754:
3690:
3645:
3635:
3449:
3411:
3147:
2995:
2672:
2494:
2451:
2335:
1637:
1582:
1185:
1177:
1154:
962:
655:
654:) is a cavity, or the dilated end of a duct, shaped like a Roman
374:
344:
334:
97:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1290:
and is of clinical importance as a watershed region between the
1203:
in the colon delivers material to the rectum, laxatives such as
1080:
not more than 25 mm (0.98 in) into the rectum via the
3806:
3291:
3112:
3033:
3023:
2193:
Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice
1843:
1372:
1331:
1330:
Due to the proximity of the anterior wall of the rectum to the
1090:
1063:
1059:
947:
831:
of the rectum of a dog (400×), showing a high concentration of
659:
635:
613:
609:
605:
526:
126:
2083:
The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal
Surgery: Second Edition
1941:
Federative
Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998).
1673:
1663:
1661:
1659:
30:"Rectal" redirects here. For the route of administration, see
4015:
2729:
2688:
2079:
1685:
1391:
558:
391:
379:
329:
219:
203:
175:
159:
2267:—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
2261:—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
1729:
1070:
is another instrument that is used to visualise the rectum.
710:) with branches of the middle and inferior rectal arteries.
3655:
3600:
3316:
2015:(Dritte Auflage ed.). Wiesbaden: Verlag J.F. Bergmann.
1656:
785:
430:
143:
2176:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Sunders College Publishing.
1925:
1514:
1338:
in males, and the shared nerves thereof, the rectum is an
658:. The rectum joins with the sigmoid colon at the level of
586:
2030:
915:, transmitted through regular muscle contractions called
662:, and joins with the anal canal as it passes through the
638:
and ends in an expanded section called an ampulla where
2234:
Wheater's functional histology: a text and colour atlas
1107:
Some medications are also administered via the rectum (
2153:
Ralston SH, Penman ID, Strachan MW, Hobson RP (2018).
2026:
2024:
2022:
872:
757:; namely, that it possesses a mucosa with a lining of
608:. It lies behind the bladder in males (left), and the
1161:, as well as severe illness. High calcium levels and
2086:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1.
2019:
2190:
2031:Liddell HG, Scott R, Jones HS, McKenzie R (1940).
1710:
1650:
1591:
1576:
2112:Barrett KE, Barman SM, Yuan JX, Brooks H (2019).
1964:
1606:"Anatomy of the Pelvic Floor and Anal Sphincters"
804:Cross-section microscopic shot of the rectal wall
4111:
2048:Monatsschrift für Geburtshülfe und Gynaekologie
2006:
2004:
2002:
1379:ἀπευθυσμένον ἔντερον, derived from ἀπευθύνειν,
1286:, the upper rectum is sometimes referred to as
2977:
2155:Davidson's principles and practice of medicine
2152:
1876:
1864:
1735:
1517:The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery
2963:
2298:
2231:
2064:
1679:
1667:
1062:if needed, for diagnosis of diseases such as
485:
2111:
2039:
1999:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1698:
1603:
676:
2172:Solomon EP, Schmidt RR, Adragna PJ (1990).
1540:Wang, Yun Hwa W.; Wiseman, Jeffrey (2023).
1539:
2970:
2956:
2305:
2291:
2223:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2144:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1970:
1096:
492:
478:
71:
59:
42:. For the village in the Netherlands, see
2265:Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-15
1979:
1902:
1826:
1816:
1008:For the diagnosis of certain ailments, a
899:Learn how and when to remove this message
2236:(6th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
2045:
1955:
1949:
1398:is the Latinization of ἀπευθυσμένον and
980:
972:
961:
957:
871:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2010:
1877:Hardcastle JD, Mann CV (October 1968).
1510:
1508:
769:, with a layer of smooth muscle called
521:) is the final straight portion of the
14:
4112:
2232:Young B, O'Dowd G, Woodford P (2013).
2069:(2nd ed.). Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff.
2058:
1314:
1264:Other diseases of the rectum include:
883:to additional sources at this section.
777:of connective tissue, surrounded by a
634:. The rectum follows the shape of the
626:. The rectum is a continuation of the
2951:
2286:
2114:Ganong's review of medical physiology
1990:
1794:
1792:
1542:"Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Rectum"
1319:
759:a single layer of column-shaped cells
685:. The lower third is supplied by the
642:is stored before its release via the
2279:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
2273:at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
2259:Cross section image: pembody/body15a
1934:
1505:
1387:, attested in the writings of Greek
1137:in the rectum, in which a dry, hard
848:
737:Blood vessels of the rectum and anus
27:Final portion of the large intestine
1798:
1604:Sneh Agarwal (January–March 2012).
1533:
1036:used to examine the rectum include
510:
24:
1879:"Study of large bowel peristalsis"
1789:
864:relies largely or entirely upon a
622:The human rectum is a part of the
25:
4141:
2252:
1454:
1259:
938:, and resting contraction of the
557:. The word rectum comes from the
4092:
853:
821:
809:
797:
730:
718:
604:The rectum lies in front of the
594:
585:
299:
4048:LGBT-affirming religious groups
2195:(41st ed.). Philadelphia.
2073:
1919:
1870:
1765:
1741:
1704:
1215:
1118:
742:
181:Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes
3212:Sexually transmitted infection
2174:Human anatomy & physiology
1711:O'Connor NJ, Talley S (2009).
1597:
1471:
1461:Essentials of Human Physiology
1448:
997:
816:Dog rectum cross-section (40×)
134:(first two-thirds of rectum),
34:. For the conic sections, see
13:
1:
3259:Women who have sex with women
2065:Gabler E, Winkler TC (1881).
1441:
1346:or penetration can result in
1165:may also cause constipation.
1153:; use of medications such as
790:multiple layers of flat cells
773:. This sits on an underlying
3392:History of erotic depictions
3282:Criminal transmission of HIV
1358:
1022:benign prostatic hypertrophy
942:, prevent leakage of feces (
624:lower gastrointestinal tract
576:
363:Lower gastrointestinal tract
323:Upper gastrointestinal tract
7:
3377:Counterculture of the 1960s
2553:Enterochromaffin-like cells
2157:(23rd ed.). Elsevier.
2116:(26th ed.). New York.
1773:"Definition of SUPPOSITORY"
1409:
1228:of the anus and the rectum.
1012:may be done. These include
844:
765:interspersed, resting on a
169:inferior mesenteric ganglia
65:Anatomy of the human rectum
10:
4146:
4099:Human sexuality portal
2104:
2035:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1975:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1971:Lewis CT, Short C (1879).
1367:is derived from the Latin
1353:
1323:
1292:inferior mesenteric artery
1236:inflammatory bowel disease
1122:
1100:
1001:
746:
698:inferior mesenteric artery
189:internal iliac lymph nodes
29:
4087:
3968:
3857:
3576:
3528:
3405:
3362:
3267:
3244:Men who have sex with men
3220:
3093:
2989:
2893:
2832:
2809:
2746:
2728:
2719:
2687:
2671:
2633:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2450:
2412:
2334:
2325:
2191:Standring S, ed. (2016).
1805:Frontiers in Pharmacology
1548:. StatPearls Publishing.
1486:AJCC Cancer Staging Atlas
1457:"Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30"
1242:
1157:, and conditions such as
829:Microscopic cross-section
677:Blood supply and drainage
525:in humans and some other
278:
266:
254:
242:
230:
218:
213:
198:
193:deep inguinal lymph nodes
174:
158:
142:
125:
113:
103:
91:
86:
70:
58:
53:
2277:Anatomy photo:43:11-0101
1818:10.3389/fphar.2019.01196
691:inferior rectal arteries
2877:External anal sphincter
2872:Intersphincteric groove
2867:Internal anal sphincter
2384:Pterygomandibular raphe
2033:A Greek-English Lexicon
1958:im Bureau für Literatur
1777:www.merriam-webster.com
1753:www.merriam-webster.com
1255:specific to the rectum.
1097:Route of administration
936:external anal sphincter
646:. An ampulla (from
120:Gastrointestinal system
4130:Anatomical terminology
3520:Split attraction model
3510:Sexual objectification
3420:Anarchism and love/sex
2658:Duodenojejunal flexure
2653:Minor duodenal papilla
2648:Major duodenal papilla
2399:Pharyngobasilar fascia
2394:Buccopharyngeal fascia
2315:gastrointestinal tract
1943:Terminologia Anatomica
1519:. New York: Springer.
1479:"12. Colon and Rectum"
1416:Gastrointestinal tract
1310:as a watershed region.
1182:thyroid function tests
1112:
994:
978:
970:
755:gastrointestinal tract
725:Arteries of the pelvis
705:
700:, when it crosses the
683:superior rectal artery
630:, and connects to the
459:Anatomical terminology
454:Human digestive system
314:Gastrointestinal tract
280:Anatomical terminology
185:pararectal lymph nodes
138:(last third of rectum)
132:Superior rectal artery
3480:Sex-positive movement
3133:Reproductive medicine
3128:Obesity and sexuality
3075:Sexual response cycle
2615:Enteroendocrine cells
1749:"Definition of ENEMA"
1334:in females or to the
1296:internal iliac artery
1103:Rectal administration
984:
976:
965:
958:Clinical significance
761:with mucus-secreting
749:Gastrointestinal wall
449:Gastrointestinal wall
149:Superior rectal veins
32:Rectal administration
4006:Buddhist monasticism
3996:Christian demonology
3822:Urethral intercourse
3621:Erotic sexual denial
3312:Cybersex trafficking
3185:Erectile dysfunction
1945:. Stuttgart: Thieme.
1799:Hua S (2019-10-16).
1300:middle rectal artery
1298:circulation via the
1294:circulation and the
1163:low thyroid activity
877:improve this article
165:Inferior anal nerves
136:middle rectal artery
81:, with rectum marked
4060:Sacred prostitution
3849:Wet T-shirt contest
3713:Non-penetrative sex
3671:Mammary intercourse
3352:Revenge pornography
3123:Masters and Johnson
3085:Vaginal lubrication
2548:Gastric chief cells
1895:10.1136/gut.9.5.512
1651:Gray's Anatomy 2016
1619:(1). Archived from
1592:Gray's Anatomy 2016
1577:Gray's Anatomy 2016
1315:Society and culture
1284:mesenteric ischemia
1271:, referring to the
1086:mercury thermometer
1078:medical thermometer
1026:faecal incontinence
987:digital rectal exam
616:in females (right).
153:middle rectal veins
44:Rectum, Netherlands
3906:Red-light district
3802:Sexual penetration
3790:Sexual intercourse
3708:Nipple stimulation
3387:Golden Age of Porn
3287:Child sexual abuse
3254:Sexual orientation
3180:Sexual dysfunction
3118:Male contraceptive
3080:Sexual stimulation
3029:Nocturnal emission
2271:Anatomy image:7808
2011:Triepel H (1910).
1579:, pp. 1146–7.
1436:Rectal thermometry
1371:'straight gut', a
1320:Sexual stimulation
1282:In the context of
1232:Ulcerative colitis
1151:multiple sclerosis
1147:spinal cord injury
1040:and MRI scans. An
995:
979:
971:
944:fecal incontinence
779:muscularis propria
571:straight intestine
464:Outline of anatomy
308:Major parts of the
4107:
4106:
4016:Hindu monasticism
4001:Clerical celibacy
3867:Adult video games
3578:Sexual activities
3495:Sexual attraction
3485:Sexual abstinence
3397:Sexual revolution
3382:Feminist sex wars
3337:Sexual misconduct
3332:Sexual harassment
3297:Indecent exposure
3004:Clitoral erection
2945:
2944:
2937:Muscularis mucosa
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2799:epiploic appendix
2715:
2714:
2643:Suspensory muscle
2605:Intestinal glands
2563:
2562:
2164:978-0-7020-7028-0
2093:978-1-4419-1581-8
1867:, pp. 786–7.
1722:978-0-7295-3905-0
1682:, pp. 252–4.
1526:978-0-387-24846-2
1455:Nosek, Thomas M.
1369:intestinum rectum
1253:colorectal cancer
1159:diabetes mellitus
909:
908:
901:
771:muscularis mucosa
502:
501:
294:
293:
289:
225:rectum intestinum
40:Semi-latus rectum
16:(Redirected from
4137:
4125:Digestive system
4097:
4096:
4021:Jain monasticism
3785:Sexual fetishism
3703:Mechanics of sex
3586:Conventional sex
3490:Sexual addiction
3425:Extramarital sex
3207:Sexual surrogate
3043:male ejaculation
2972:
2965:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2819:Transverse folds
2776:Descending colon
2766:Transverse colon
2726:
2725:
2680:No substructures
2663:Brunner's glands
2593:Intestinal villi
2583:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2473:Angular incisure
2389:Pharyngeal raphe
2357:retropharyngeal
2332:
2331:
2317:, excluding the
2307:
2300:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2247:
2228:
2222:
2214:
2187:
2168:
2149:
2143:
2135:
2098:
2097:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2028:
2017:
2016:
2008:
1997:
1996:
1991:Hyrtl J (1880).
1988:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1961:
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1947:
1946:
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1932:
1931:
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1763:
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1760:
1759:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1708:
1702:
1701:, p. 492-4.
1696:
1683:
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1634:
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1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1483:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1463:. Archived from
1452:
1404:Andreas Vesalius
1381:to make straight
1304:Griffith's point
1279:after childbirth
1251:, a subgroup of
1135:faecal impaction
1074:Body temperature
1018:prostatic cancer
1014:faecal impaction
913:descending colon
904:
897:
893:
890:
884:
857:
856:
849:
825:
813:
801:
734:
722:
598:
589:
512:
494:
487:
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414:Descending colon
409:Transverse colon
303:
296:
295:
286:edit on Wikidata
283:
75:
63:
51:
50:
21:
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4011:Catholic Church
3971:
3964:
3853:
3572:
3524:
3430:Family planning
3409:
3401:
3358:
3347:Sexual violence
3322:Sex trafficking
3263:
3249:Sexual identity
3239:Gender identity
3216:
3202:Sexual medicine
3098:
3089:
3055:Penile erection
3009:Erogenous zones
2993:
2985:
2983:human sexuality
2976:
2946:
2941:
2881:
2828:
2805:
2771:Splenic flexure
2761:Hepatic flexure
2756:Ascending colon
2742:
2721:Large intestine
2711:
2707:Microfold cells
2702:Peyer's patches
2697:Ileocecal valve
2683:
2667:
2629:
2578:Small intestine
2559:
2446:
2408:
2362:parapharyngeal
2352:peripharyngeal
2321:
2313:Anatomy of the
2311:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2184:
2171:
2165:
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2020:
2009:
2000:
1989:
1980:
1969:
1965:
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1950:
1939:
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1920:
1875:
1871:
1865:Davidson's 2018
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1844:
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1746:
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1736:Davidson's 2018
1734:
1730:
1723:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1657:
1653:, p. 1151.
1649:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1608:
1602:
1598:
1594:, p. 1137.
1590:
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1534:
1527:
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1506:
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1472:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1431:Rectal prolapse
1412:
1383:, and ἔντερον,
1361:
1356:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1308:splenic flexure
1269:Rectal prolapse
1262:
1245:
1218:
1127:
1121:
1105:
1099:
1034:medical imaging
1028:, and internal
1006:
1000:
960:
905:
894:
888:
885:
879:by introducing
870:
858:
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579:
523:large intestine
504:
498:
469:
468:
444:
436:
435:
404:Ascending colon
387:Large intestine
370:Small intestine
365:
355:
354:
325:
290:
108:Large intestine
82:
79:digestive tract
66:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4143:
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4065:Ancient Greece
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3855:
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3845:
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3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3780:Sexual fantasy
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3681:Anal fingering
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3641:Foot fetishism
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
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3545:
3540:
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3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:Sexual capital
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3465:Premarital sex
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3342:Sexual slavery
3339:
3334:
3329:
3327:Sexual assault
3324:
3319:
3314:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3277:Age of consent
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3190:Hypersexuality
3187:
3177:
3172:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3070:Sexual arousal
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2987:
2986:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2952:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2927:Circular folds
2924:
2919:
2917:Muscular layer
2914:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2862:Pectinate line
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2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
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2829:
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2639:
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2602:
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2589:
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2580:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:Parietal cells
2540:
2538:Foveolar cells
2535:
2533:Pyloric glands
2530:
2525:
2523:Cardiac glands
2520:
2518:Gastric glands
2515:
2507:
2502:
2500:Gastric mucosa
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
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2448:
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2439:
2434:
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2427:
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2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2404:Pyriform sinus
2401:
2396:
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2374:
2369:
2367:retrovisceral
2364:
2359:
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2310:
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2302:
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2254:
2253:External links
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2122:
2108:
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2100:
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2092:
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2038:
2018:
1998:
1978:
1963:
1948:
1933:
1918:
1869:
1842:
1788:
1764:
1740:
1728:
1721:
1703:
1684:
1680:Wheater's 2013
1672:
1670:, p. 273.
1668:Wheater's 2013
1655:
1636:
1596:
1581:
1566:
1532:
1525:
1504:
1470:
1467:on 2016-03-24.
1446:
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1443:
1440:
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1433:
1428:
1426:Pectinate line
1423:
1418:
1411:
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1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1348:sexual arousal
1340:erogenous zone
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1288:Sudeck's point
1280:
1261:
1260:Other diseases
1258:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1234:, one form of
1229:
1217:
1214:
1190:anal manometry
1123:Main article:
1120:
1117:
1101:Main article:
1098:
1095:
1002:Main article:
999:
996:
959:
956:
921:nervous system
907:
906:
875:. Please help
861:
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3775:Sex positions
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3651:Forced orgasm
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3583:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3568:United States
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:Sexual ethics
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3408:
3407:Relationships
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:Gender binary
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3195:Hyposexuality
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3169:PLISSIT model
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:Sex education
3158:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:Birth control
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Pre-ejaculate
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Pelvic thrust
3048:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2781:Sigmoid colon
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:Fundic glands
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2509:Microanatomy
2508:
2506:
2505:Gastric folds
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2245:
2243:9780702047473
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2202:9780702052309
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2183:0-03-011914-6
2179:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2123:9781260122404
2119:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2061:
2054:(6): 447–472.
2053:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:(5): 512–20.
1888:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1738:, p. 17.
1737:
1732:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1699:Ganong's 2019
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1626:on 2019-08-19
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1495:on 2018-06-12
1491:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:Apeuthysmenon
1393:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:Ancient Greek
1374:
1370:
1366:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1254:
1250:
1249:Rectal cancer
1247:
1246:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1129:One cause of
1126:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:are forms of
1053:
1052:sigmoidoscopy
1049:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
992:
988:
983:
975:
969:
964:
955:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
903:
900:
892:
882:
878:
874:
868:
867:
866:single source
862:This section
860:
851:
850:
838:
834:
830:
824:
819:
812:
807:
800:
795:
794:
793:
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
750:
733:
728:
721:
716:
715:
714:
711:
709:
708:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
674:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:sigmoid colon
625:
615:
611:
607:
597:
588:
574:
572:
568:
567:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:sigmoid colon
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
508:
495:
490:
488:
483:
481:
476:
475:
473:
472:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
440:
439:
432:
429:
425:
422:
420:
419:Sigmoid colon
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
398:
395:
394:
393:
390:
389:
388:
385:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
359:
358:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
324:
319:
318:
315:
312:
311:
307:
306:
302:
298:
297:
287:
281:
277:
274:
271:
269:
265:
262:
259:
257:
253:
250:
247:
245:
241:
238:
235:
233:
229:
226:
223:
221:
217:
212:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163:
161:
157:
154:
150:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:
128:
124:
121:
118:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
96:
94:
90:
85:
80:
74:
69:
62:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3970:Religion and
3960:Webcam model
3899:Survival sex
3889:Prostitution
3859:Sex industry
3770:Sex in space
3698:Masturbation
3538:Ancient Rome
3515:Sexual slang
3307:Sexual abuse
3014:Insemination
2857:Anal sinuses
2847:Anal columns
2810:
2625:Paneth cells
2620:Goblet cells
2586:Microanatomy
2513:Gastric pits
2377:prevertebral
2233:
2192:
2173:
2154:
2113:
2082:
2075:
2066:
2060:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2032:
2012:
1992:
1972:
1966:
1957:
1951:
1942:
1936:
1921:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1808:
1804:
1780:. Retrieved
1776:
1767:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:
1743:
1731:
1712:
1706:
1675:
1628:. Retrieved
1621:the original
1616:
1612:
1599:
1557:. Retrieved
1545:
1535:
1516:
1497:, retrieved
1490:the original
1485:
1473:
1465:the original
1460:
1450:
1400:euthyenteron
1399:
1395:
1384:
1380:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1329:
1287:
1277:pelvic floor
1263:
1226:inflammation
1216:Inflammation
1194:
1174:biochemistry
1167:
1131:constipation
1128:
1125:Constipation
1119:Constipation
1106:
1072:
1046:
1030:haemorrhoids
1007:
952:
940:puborectalis
929:
910:
895:
889:January 2022
886:
863:
833:goblet cells
783:
763:goblet cells
752:
743:Microanatomy
712:
695:
680:
671:taeniae coli
668:
664:pelvic floor
651:
621:
570:
561:
547:dentate line
543:puborectalis
538:
518:
514:
506:
503:
423:
249:A05.7.04.001
224:
48:
36:Latus rectum
4043:LGBT people
3989:Tantric sex
3921:Sex tourism
3877:Pornography
3842:Erotic talk
3832:Virtual sex
3733:Cunnilingus
3563:South Korea
3558:Philippines
3470:Promiscuity
3165:Sex therapy
3143:Gynaecology
2852:Anal valves
2789:taenia coli
2785:Continuous
2610:Enterocytes
2459:Curvatures
2421:Sphincters
1421:Murphy drip
1344:stimulation
1201:peristalsis
1170:blood tests
1068:proctoscope
1048:Colonoscopy
1032:. Forms of
1010:rectal exam
1004:Rectal exam
998:Examination
968:colonoscopy
917:peristalsis
702:pelvic brim
214:Identifiers
4114:Categories
3955:Strip club
3938:Sex worker
3911:Sex museum
3882:Film actor
3750:Paraphilia
3676:Manual sex
3530:By country
3455:Orgasm gap
3372:Blue Movie
2991:Physiology
2907:Adventitia
2834:Anal canal
2598:Microvilli
2132:1076268769
1782:2020-07-04
1758:2020-07-04
1630:2018-08-19
1546:StatPearls
1499:2017-09-10
1442:References
1324:See also:
1113:per rectum
1042:ultrasound
925:defecation
747:See also:
707:anastamose
644:anal canal
569:, meaning
566:intestīnum
555:anal verge
551:anal canal
529:, and the
208:defecation
77:Scheme of
4077:Sex magic
4055:Mormonism
3972:sexuality
3827:Urolagnia
3817:Tribadism
3765:Sexercise
3743:Irrumatio
3728:Anilingus
3686:Fingering
3666:Group sex
3661:Gang bang
3631:Fetishism
3606:Child sex
3460:Polyamory
3440:Free love
3302:Obscenity
3226:diversity
3138:Andrology
3100:education
3065:Pregnancy
2922:Submucosa
2912:Subserosa
2414:Esophagus
2219:cite book
2211:920806541
2140:cite book
1406:in 1543.
1389:physician
1359:Etymology
1222:Proctitis
1205:bisacodyl
1197:Laxatives
1143:hydration
1056:endoscopy
881:citations
873:talk page
837:cytoplasm
775:submucosa
666:muscles.
577:Structure
340:Esophagus
206:prior to
93:Precursor
3984:Hinduism
3980:Buddhism
3916:Sex shop
3837:Cybersex
3812:Swinging
3795:Foreplay
3738:Fellatio
3718:Oral sex
3611:Creampie
3596:Bareback
3591:Anal sex
3445:Marriage
3435:Flirting
3222:Identity
3175:Sexology
3155:Safe sex
3019:Intersex
2738:Appendix
2635:Duodenum
1837:31680970
1811:: 1196.
1554:30725930
1410:See also
1363:English
1342:and its
1336:prostate
1326:Anal sex
1273:prolapse
1180:levels,
1172:such as
1060:biopsies
1038:CT scans
1024:in men,
991:prostate
932:internal
845:Function
443:See also
397:Appendix
350:Duodenum
199:Function
4072:Thelema
4038:Judaism
3943:Sex toy
3872:Erotica
3760:Quickie
3755:Pompoir
3691:Handjob
3646:Footjob
3636:Fisting
3475:Romance
3450:Modesty
3412:society
3364:History
3148:Urology
2996:biology
2979:Outline
2824:Ampulla
2794:haustra
2673:Jejunum
2495:Pylorus
2463:greater
2452:Stomach
2348:Spaces
2344:Muscles
2336:Pharynx
2105:Sources
1913:5717099
1904:1552760
1828:6805701
1354:History
1306:at the
1186:CT scan
1178:calcium
1155:opioids
656:ampulla
527:mammals
515:rectums
375:Jejunum
345:Stomach
335:Pharynx
237:D012007
104:Part of
98:Hindgut
87:Details
4120:Rectum
4028:Daoism
3931:Female
3894:Sacred
3807:Sumata
3626:Facial
3616:Edging
3292:Incest
3113:Condom
3095:Health
3039:Female
3034:Orgasm
3024:Libido
2932:Mucosa
2903:Serosa
2811:Rectum
2490:Fundus
2480:Cardia
2468:lesser
2437:glands
2372:danger
2240:
2209:
2199:
2180:
2161:
2130:
2120:
2090:
1911:
1901:
1835:
1825:
1719:
1559:24 May
1552:
1523:
1373:calque
1365:rectum
1332:vagina
1243:Cancer
1091:axilla
1064:cancer
948:reflex
687:middle
652:bottle
636:sacrum
614:uterus
610:vagina
606:sacrum
563:rēctum
507:rectum
424:Rectum
202:Store
127:Artery
115:System
54:Rectum
18:Rectal
4033:Islam
3926:Child
3553:Japan
3548:India
3543:China
2748:Colon
2730:Cecum
2689:Ileum
2569:Lower
2430:lower
2425:upper
2327:Upper
2319:mouth
1624:(PDF)
1613:JIMSA
1609:(PDF)
1493:(PDF)
1482:(PDF)
1392:Galen
1209:senna
1139:stool
1109:Latin
650:
648:Latin
640:feces
559:Latin
519:recta
392:Cecum
380:Ileum
330:Mouth
284:[
273:14544
220:Latin
204:feces
176:Lymph
160:Nerve
3982:and
3948:Doll
3656:Frot
3601:BDSM
3410:and
3317:Rape
3224:and
3041:and
2994:and
2895:Wall
2842:Anus
2485:Body
2442:crop
2238:ISBN
2225:link
2207:OCLC
2197:ISBN
2178:ISBN
2159:ISBN
2146:link
2128:OCLC
2118:ISBN
2088:ISBN
1909:PMID
1833:PMID
1717:ISBN
1561:2023
1550:PMID
1521:ISBN
1149:and
1084:. A
1082:anus
1066:. A
1050:and
1020:and
934:and
786:anus
689:and
632:anus
612:and
505:The
431:Anus
261:2998
244:TA98
232:MeSH
144:Vein
38:and
3269:Law
3097:and
2981:of
1899:PMC
1891:doi
1883:Gut
1823:PMC
1813:doi
1385:gut
1375:of
1224:is
1207:or
1133:is
930:An
531:gut
517:or
511:pl.
268:FMA
256:TA2
4116::
3723:69
2905:/
2221:}}
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