517:
170:
288:
RPO is tied to the times backups are secured offsite. Sending synchronous copies to an offsite mirror allows for most unforeseen events. The use of physical transportation for tapes (or other transportable media) is common. Recovery can be activated at a predetermined site. Shared offsite space and
71:
supporting critical business functions. This involves keeping all essential aspects of a business functioning despite significant disruptive events; it can therefore be considered a subset of business continuity (BC). DR assumes that the primary site is not immediately recoverable and restores data
137:, titled BS25777, specifically to align computer continuity with business continuity. This was withdrawn following the publication in March 2011 of ISO/IEC 27031, "Security techniques — Guidelines for information and communication technology readiness for business continuity."
235:
RPO measures the maximum time in which recent data might have been permanently lost and not a direct measure of loss quantity. For instance, if the BC plan is to restore up to the last available backup, then the RPO is the interval between such backups.
239:
RPO is not determined by the existing backup regime. Instead BIA determines RPO for each service. When off-site data is required, the period during which data might be lost may start when backups are prepared, not when the backups are secured off-site.
125:
Planning includes arranging for backup sites, whether they are "hot" (operating prior to a disaster), "warm" (ready to begin operating), or "cold" (requires substantial work to begin operating), and standby sites with hardware as needed for continuity.
276:
A data synchronization point is a backup is completed. It halts update processing while a disk-to-disk copy is completed. The backup copy reflects the earlier version of the copy operation; not when the data is copied to tape or transmitted elsewhere.
424:
Control measures can be classified as controls aimed at preventing an event from occurring, controls aimed at detecting or discovering unwanted events, and controls aimed at correcting or restoring the system after a disaster or an event.
347:
since 2010 created new opportunities for system resiliency. Service providers absorbed the responsibility for maintaining high service levels, including availability and reliability. They offered highly resilient network designs.
412:
have become increasingly critical to the smooth operation of a company, and arguably the economy as a whole, the importance of ensuring the continued operation of those systems, and their rapid recovery, has increased.
300:
Planning for disaster recovery and information technology (IT) developed in the mid to late 1970s as computer center managers began to recognize the dependence of their organizations on their computer systems.
371:
Technological hazards include accidents or the failures of systems and structures such as pipeline explosions, transportation accidents, utility disruptions, dam failures, and accidental hazardous material
340:
IT service continuity became essential as part of
Business Continuity Management (BCM) and Information Security Management (ICM) as specified in ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO 22301 respectively.
527:(DRaaS) is an arrangement with a third party vendor to perform some or all DR functions for scenarios such as power outages, equipment failures, cyber attacks, and natural disasters.
440:
highlights which disaster recovery measures are appropriate. Different strategies make sense based on the cost of downtime compared to the cost of implementing a particular strategy.
375:
Human-caused threats that include intentional acts such as active assailant attacks, chemical or biological attacks, cyber attacks against data or infrastructure, sabotage, and war.
649:
470:
high availability systems which keep both the data and system replicated off-site, enabling continuous access to systems and data, even after a disaster (often associated with
315:
The disaster recovery industry developed to provide backup computer centers. Sungard
Availability Services was one of the earliest such centers, located in Sri Lanka (1978).
1127:"Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) and Stakeholder Preparedness Review (SPR): Guide Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 201, 3rd Edition"
1049:
387:
Research supports the idea that implementing a more holistic pre-disaster planning approach is more cost-effective. Every $ 1 spent on hazard mitigation (such as a
741:
379:
Preparedness measures for all categories and types of disasters fall into the five mission areas of prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery.
820:
467:
hybrid cloud solutions that replicate both on-site and to off-site data centers. This provides instant fail-over to on-site hardware or to cloud data centers.
917:
436:
The disaster recovery strategy derives from the business continuity plan. Metrics for business processes are then mapped to systems and infrastructure. A
187:
performance are measured by RTO and RPO in terms of time lost from normal business process functioning and data lost or not backed up during that period.
1209:"Use of the Professional Practices framework to develop, implement, maintain a business continuity program can reduce the likelihood of significant gaps"
421:
Control measures are steps or mechanisms that can reduce or eliminate threats. The choice of mechanisms is reflected in a disaster recovery plan (DRP).
840:
1126:
892:
174:
Example showing longer 'actual' times that do NOT meet either RPO or RTOs ('objectives'). Diagram provides schematic representation of the terms
776:
1073:
1413:
232:
A recovery that is not instantaneous restores transactional data over some interval without incurring significant risks or losses.
17:
1095:
1477:"Glossary of terms for Business Continuity, Disaster Recovery and related data mirroring & z/OS storage technology solutions"
460:
private cloud solutions that replicate metadata (VMs, templates and disks) into the private cloud. Metadata are configured as an
1276:
1454:"ISO/IEC 27001:2013(en) Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Requirements"
201:
The business continuity group conducts timed rehearsals (or actuals), during which RTA gets determined and refined as needed.
1251:
1237:
1111:
1026:
1476:
1462:"ISO/IEC 27002:2013(en) Information technology — Security techniques — Code of practice for information security controls"
725:
582:
318:
During the 1980s and 90s, computing grew exponentially, including internal corporate timesharing, online data entry and
983:
329:
Regulatory agencies became involved; availability objectives of 2, 3, 4 or 5 nines (99.999%) were often mandated, and
1357:
1330:
1303:
949:
752:
623:
921:
1010:
592:
524:
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RTO and the RPO must be balanced, taking business risk into account, along with other system design criteria.
166:(BIA) by the owner(s) of the process, including identifying time frames for alternate or manual workarounds.
130:
657:
1555:
1165:
547:
492:
31:
368:
Natural hazards include acts of nature such as floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, and epidemics.
1565:
1545:
557:
257:
253:
221:
1144:"Post-Disaster Recovery Planning Forum: How-To Guide, Prepared by Partnership for Disaster Resilience"
1446:"ISO 22301:2019(en), Security and resilience — Business continuity management systems — Requirements"
1560:
175:
163:
867:
353:
701:
220:
For example, if RPO is measured in minutes, then in practice, off-site mirrored backups must be
1461:
1453:
562:
388:
308:. An offsite mainframe could be loaded from backup tapes pending recovery of the primary site;
292:
For high volumes of high-value transaction data, hardware can be split across multiple sites.
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437:
349:
184:
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replication off-site, such that once the systems are restored or synchronized, possibly via
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602:
572:
454:
35:
679:
488:
surge protectors — to minimize the effect of power surges on delicate electronic equipment
8:
552:
319:
261:
162:
According to business continuity planning methodology, the RTO is established during the
108:
84:
53:
1232:
Gregory, Peter. CISA Certified
Information Systems Auditor All-in-One Exam Guide, 2009.
67:, such as a storm or battle. DR employs policies, tools, and procedures with a focus on
1517:
1054:
1031:
587:
394:
2015 disaster recovery statistics suggest that downtime lasting for one hour can cost
214:
100:
1208:
159:
must be restored after a disruption in order to avoid a break in business continuity.
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1146:. University of Oregon's Community Service Center, (C) 2007, www.OregonShowcase.org
495:(UPS) and/or backup generator to keep systems going in the event of a power failure
482:
local mirrors of systems and/or data and use of disk protection technology such as
156:
61:
57:
1499:
1186:
428:
These controls are documented and exercised regularly using so-called "DR tests".
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1000:
344:
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364:
Disasters can be the result of three broad categories of threats and hazards.
1539:
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801:
720:
471:
1350:
Business
Continuity Planning : a Step-by-Step Guide With Planning Forms
1340:
1313:
464:
representation called Open
Virtualization Format, and can be easily restored
169:
1375:
323:
1371:
1367:
626:. Georgetown University - University Information Services. Archived from
537:
520:
A modular data center connected to the power grid at a utility substation
120:
27:
Maintaining or reestablishing vital information technology infrastructure
498:
fire prevention/mitigation systems such as alarms and fire extinguishers
972:"Setting the Maximum Tolerable Downtime -- setting recovery objectives"
627:
409:
96:
68:
198:
is the critical metric for business continuity and disaster recovery.
305:
133:
launched a specific standard supporting
Business Continuity Standard
104:
183:
RTO is a complement of RPO. The limits of acceptable or "tolerable"
155:
is the targeted duration of time and a service level within which a
83:
is a subset of BCP, which relies on the metrics (frequently used as
542:
334:
309:
134:
64:
1323:
Disaster survival planning : a practical guide for businesses
821:"Like The NFL Draft, Is The Clock The Enemy Of Your Recovery Time"
1414:"Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery: Back Up Or Shut Down"
249:
777:"ISO 22301 to be published Mid May - BS 25999-2 to be withdrawn"
516:
845:
825:
450:
backups to disk on-site (copied to off-site disk) or off-site
1143:
893:"How to fit RPO and RTO into your backup and recovery plans"
998:
483:
140:
936:"Data transfer and synchronization between mobile systems"
841:"Three Reasons You Can't Meet Your Disaster Recovery Time"
718:
653:
461:
1096:"SunGard to be a vital presence in the banking industry"
248:
The recovery metrics can be converted to/used alongside
48:) is the process of maintaining or reestablishing vital
624:"'Systems and Operations Continuity: Disaster Recovery"
1252:"How to Use the Cloud as a Disaster Recovery Strategy"
1201:
1383:
DiMattia, Susan S (2001). "Planning for
Continuity".
1093:
1325:. Port Hueneme, CA, US: Disaster Survival Planning.
958:
real-time ... provide redundancy and back-up to ...
391:) saves society $ 4 in response and recovery costs.
87:) of recovery point/time objectives. It encompasses
1074:"US tech firm Sungard announces 50 jobs for Dublin"
352:(RaaS) is widely availability and promoted by the
1113:SecaaS Category 9 // BCDR Implementation Guidance
505:
1537:
969:
501:anti-virus software and other security measures.
213:is the maximum acceptable interval during which
1132:. US Department of Homeland Security. May 2018.
304:At that time, most systems were batch-oriented
1071:
1060:...the disaster-recovery industry has grown to
271:
1352:. Brookfield, CT: Rothstein Associates, Inc.
224:as a daily off-site backup will not suffice.
114:
95:. It also incorporates IT infrastructure and
1027:"Catastrophe? It Can't Possibly Happen Here"
1094:Cassandra Mascarenhas (November 12, 2010).
719:M. Niemimaa; Steven Buchanan (March 2017).
682:. Disaster Recovery Institute International
650:"Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity"
204:
34:(BCP). For societal disaster recovery, see
1518:"RPO (Recovery Point Objective) Explained"
146:
976:IT Disaster Recovery Planning For Dummies
887:
885:
815:
813:
811:
680:"What is Business Continuity Management?"
1277:"Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS)"
862:
860:
858:
856:
721:"Information systems continuity process"
515:
168:
75:
30:This article is about a sub-practice of
1296:A guide to business continuity planning
1249:
1050:"Commercial Property/Disaster Recovery"
915:
833:
190:
14:
1538:
999:William Caelli; Denis Longley (1989).
882:
808:
742:"2017 IT Service Continuity Directory"
478:Precautionary strategies may include:
227:
1166:"The Importance of Disaster Recovery"
853:
326:of IT systems became more important.
252:metrics. Common measurements include
404:large enterprises $ 700,000 or more.
401:mid-size organizations $ 74,000, and
583:Information System Contingency Plan
416:
24:
1287:
72:and services to a secondary site.
25:
1577:
1469:
1412:Harney, John (July–August 2004).
1002:Information Security for Managers
802:"ITIL glossary and abbreviations"
447:backups to tape and sent off-site
359:
143:has defined some of these terms.
1072:Charlie Taylor (June 30, 2015).
280:
1269:
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1179:
1158:
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1119:
1105:
1100:SunGard ... Sri Lanka's future.
1087:
1065:
1042:
1019:
992:
970:Peter H. Gregory (2011-03-03).
963:
942:
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909:
289:hardware complete the package.
1298:. Chichester, NY: John Wiley.
1250:Brandon, John (23 June 2011).
794:
769:
734:
712:
694:
672:
642:
616:
593:Recovery Consistency Objective
525:Disaster recovery as a service
506:Disaster recovery as a service
312:was relatively less critical.
211:Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
13:
1:
609:
431:
243:
153:Recovery Time Objective (RTO)
131:British Standards Institution
89:IT disaster recovery planning
1116:CSA, retrieved 14 July 2014.
548:Business continuity planning
493:uninterruptible power supply
217:is lost from an IT service.
81:IT service continuity (ITSC)
32:business continuity planning
7:
1500:"IT Disaster Recovery Plan"
1187:"IT Disaster Recovery Plan"
868:"Understanding RPO and RTO"
702:"Defending The Data Strata"
530:
443:Common strategies include:
382:
272:Data synchronization points
10:
1582:
728:.com (ACM Digital Library)
558:Continuous data protection
509:
295:
258:mean time to first failure
254:mean time between failures
196:Recovery Time Actual (RTA)
118:
115:Principles of backup sites
29:
1098:. Wijeya Newspapers Ltd.
1005:. Springer. p. 177.
978:. Wiley. pp. 19–22.
781:Business Continuity Forum
749:Disaster Recovery Journal
1348:Fulmer, Kenneth (2015).
398:small companies $ 8,000,
337:facilities were sought.
205:Recovery Point Objective
164:business impact analysis
18:Recovery point objective
1481:recoveryspecialties.com
1321:Bell, Judy Kay (2000).
1189:. FEMA. 25 October 2012
1082:Sungard .. founded 1978
354:Cloud Security Alliance
222:continuously maintained
147:Recovery Time Objective
1294:Barnes, James (2001).
563:Disaster recovery plan
521:
389:disaster recovery plan
180:
93:IT resilience planning
46:disaster recovery (DR)
950:"Amendment #5 to S-1"
918:"Finding RPO and RTO"
598:Remote backup service
519:
512:Recovery as a service
438:cost-benefit analysis
350:Recovery as a Service
172:
76:IT service continuity
1035:. January 29, 1995.
708:. December 24, 2013.
706:ForbesMiddleEast.com
603:Virtual tape library
573:Emergency management
455:storage area network
320:real-time processing
191:Recovery Time Actual
42:IT disaster recovery
36:emergency management
1556:Business continuity
1418:AIIM E-DOC Magazine
1058:. October 9, 1994.
849:. October 10, 2013.
660:on January 11, 2013
553:Business continuity
262:mean time to repair
228:Relationship to RTO
109:data communications
85:key risk indicators
1566:IT risk management
1055:The New York Times
1037:.. patient records
1032:The New York Times
588:Real-time recovery
522:
215:transactional data
181:
1546:Disaster recovery
1238:978-0-07-148755-9
1213:DRI International
829:. April 30, 2015.
578:High availability
568:Disaster response
331:high-availability
179:
16:(Redirected from
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