40:
1753:. Moreover, the far north remains largely undeveloped as producers await higher prices or new technologies as many operations in this region are not yet cost effective. In recent decades Canadians have become less willing to accept the environmental destruction associated with exploiting natural resources. High wages and Aboriginal land claims have also curbed expansion. Instead, many Canadian companies have focused their exploration, exploitation and expansion activities overseas where prices are lower and governments more amenable. Canadian companies are increasingly playing important roles in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
824:
718:
3235:, also called Canada's public debt, is the liabilities of the government sector. For 2019 (the fiscal year ending 31 March 2020), total financial liabilities or gross debt was $ 2.434 trillion for the consolidated Canadian general government (federal, provincial, territorial, and local governments combined). This corresponds to 105.3% as a ratio of GDP (GDP was $ 2.311 trillion). Of the $ 2.434 trillion, $ 1.146 trillion or 47% was federal (central) government liabilities (49.6% as a ratio of GDP). Provincial government liabilities comprise most of the remaining liabilities.
7647:
7915:
15250:
7546:
1620:
12721:
14587:
14527:
1776:, published annually, presents a broad overview of productivity levels and growth in member nations, highlighting key measurement issues. It analyses the role of "productivity as the main driver of economic growth and convergence" and the "contributions of labour, capital and MFP in driving economic growth". According to the definition above "MFP is often interpreted as the contribution to economic growth made by factors such as technical and organisational innovation". Measures of productivity include the
2271:
732:
14611:
810:
690:
3041:(NAFTA) superseded it. Trade has since increased by 40%. NAFTA continues the FTA's moves toward reducing trade barriers and establishing agreed-upon trade rules. It also resolves some long-standing bilateral irritants and liberalizes rules in several areas, including agriculture, services, energy, financial services, investment, and government procurement. NAFTA forms the largest trading area in the world, embracing the 405 million people of the three North American countries.
1353:
2998:
2215:
7143:
7125:
7107:
7089:
7071:
7053:
7035:
7017:
6999:
6981:
6963:
6924:
6855:
6847:
6786:
6778:
6717:
6709:
6648:
6640:
6579:
6571:
6563:
6510:
6502:
6441:
6433:
6372:
6364:
6295:
6234:
6226:
6165:
6157:
6096:
6088:
6027:
6019:
5958:
5950:
5889:
5881:
5820:
5812:
5751:
5743:
5682:
5674:
5613:
5605:
5544:
5536:
5475:
5467:
5406:
5398:
5337:
5329:
5268:
5260:
5199:
5191:
5130:
5122:
5061:
5053:
4992:
4984:
4923:
4915:
4854:
4846:
4785:
4777:
4716:
4708:
4647:
4639:
4578:
4570:
4509:
4501:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4371:
4363:
4302:
4294:
4233:
4225:
4164:
4156:
4095:
4087:
4026:
4018:
3957:
3949:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3750:
3742:
3734:
3675:
918:
514:
506:
498:
403:
380:
1796:(TFP). This indicator assesses an economy's "underlying productive capacity ('potential output'), itself an important measure of the growth possibilities of economies and of inflationary pressures". MFP measures the residual growth that cannot be explained by the rate of change in the services of labour, capital and intermediate outputs, and is often interpreted as the contribution to economic growth made by factors such as technical and organisational innovation.
360:
15236:
2718:
2631:
2147:
2756:
14599:
852:
838:
704:
3178:
866:
746:
6908:
6900:
6892:
6884:
6876:
6868:
6839:
6831:
6823:
6815:
6807:
6799:
6770:
6762:
6754:
6746:
6738:
6730:
6701:
6693:
6685:
6677:
6669:
6661:
6632:
6624:
6616:
6608:
6600:
6592:
6555:
6547:
6539:
6531:
6523:
6494:
6486:
6478:
6470:
6462:
6454:
6425:
6417:
6409:
6401:
6393:
6385:
6356:
6348:
6340:
6332:
6324:
6316:
6287:
6279:
6271:
6263:
6255:
6247:
6218:
6210:
6202:
6194:
6186:
6178:
6149:
6141:
6133:
6125:
6117:
6109:
6080:
6072:
6064:
6056:
6048:
6040:
6011:
6003:
5995:
5987:
5979:
5971:
5942:
5934:
5926:
5918:
5910:
5902:
5873:
5865:
5857:
5849:
5841:
5833:
5804:
5796:
5788:
5780:
5772:
5764:
5735:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5703:
5695:
5666:
5658:
5650:
5642:
5634:
5626:
5597:
5589:
5581:
5573:
5565:
5557:
5528:
5520:
5512:
5504:
5496:
5488:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5435:
5427:
5419:
5390:
5382:
5374:
5366:
5358:
5350:
5321:
5313:
5305:
5297:
5289:
5281:
5252:
5244:
5236:
5228:
5220:
5212:
5183:
5175:
5167:
5159:
5151:
5143:
5114:
5106:
5098:
5090:
5082:
5074:
5045:
5037:
5029:
5021:
5013:
5005:
4976:
4968:
4960:
4952:
4944:
4936:
4907:
4899:
4891:
4883:
4875:
4867:
4838:
4830:
4822:
4814:
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4692:
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4623:
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4607:
4599:
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4562:
4554:
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4538:
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4522:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4392:
4384:
4355:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4262:
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4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4148:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3941:
3933:
3925:
3917:
3909:
3901:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3763:
3726:
3718:
3710:
3702:
3694:
3667:
770:
622:
479:
471:
443:
427:
278:
270:
246:
235:
227:
181:
173:
155:
14626:
6916:
6303:
2613:
provinces and territories use little or none. Alberta and
Saskatchewan also use a substantial amount of natural gas. Remote communities, including all of Nunavut and much of the Northwest Territories, produce most of their electricity from diesel generators at high economic and environmental costs. The federal government has set up initiatives to reduce dependence on diesel-fired electricity.
10429:
2282:
represented about 1.5 percent of all steel exported globally in 2017. By volume, Canada's 2018 steel exports represented just over one-tenth the volume of the world's largest exporter, China. In value terms, steel represented 1.4 percent of the total goods Canada exported in 2018. The growth in exports in the decade since 2009 has been 29%. The largest producers in 2018 were
2741:. In 2000, Canada spent approximately CDN$ 4.6 billion on support for the industry. $ 2.32 billion was classified under the WTO designation of "green box" license, meaning it did not directly influence the market, such as money for research or disaster relief. All but $ 848.2 million were subsidies worth less than 5% of the value of the crops they were provided for.
1745:
contributing to Canada's strong regionalism. At the same time the vast majority of these resources are exported, integrating Canada closely into the international economy. Howlett and Ramesh argue that the inherent instability of such industries also contributes to greater government intervention in the economy, to reduce the social impact of market changes.
1804:
close to that of
Australia. More can be done to increase productivity, such as increasing the productivity of capital through improving the capital stock to output ratio and capital quality. This could be achieved through the liberalization of internal trade barriers, as suggested in the OECD's latest Canadian economic survey.
1844:. In response to the ongoing trade war "bond yields have fallen, yield curves have flattened even more and stock markets have repriced significantly" in "global financial markets". In Canada, low oil prices will impact Canada's "macroeconomic outlook". Canada's housing sector is not stabilizing as quickly as anticipated.
11843:
3086:. Canada is the United States' largest oil supplier and the fifth-largest energy producing country in the world. Canada provides about 16% of U.S. oil imports and 14% of total U.S. consumption of natural gas. The United States and Canada's national electricity grids are linked, and both countries share
1692:
About 4% of
Canadians are directly employed in primary resource fields, and they account for 6.2% of GDP. They are still paramount in many parts of the country. Many, if not most, towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, exist because of a nearby mine or source of timber. Canada is a
1688:
exports accounted for about 58% of Canada's total exports. Machinery, equipment, automotive products and other manufactures accounted for a further 38% of exports in 2009. In 2009, exports accounted for about 30% of Canada's GDP. The United States is by far its largest trading partner, accounting for
3009:
in trade per day in 2005. In 2009, 73% of Canada's exports went to the United States, and 63% of Canada's imports were from the United States. Trade with Canada makes up 23% of the United States' exports and 17% of its imports. By comparison, in 2005 this was more than U.S. trade with all countries
2294:
partners, and by themselves accounted for 92 percent of exports by volume. Canada sent 83 percent of its steel exports to the United States in YTD 2019. The gap between domestic demand and domestic production increased to −2.4 million metric tons, up from −0.2 million metric tons in YTD 2018. In YTD
2732:
Canada is one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products, particularly wheat and other grains. Canada is a major exporter of agricultural products, to the United States and Asia. As with all other developed nations, the proportion of the population and GDP devoted to agriculture fell
2690:
of the early 1980s attempted to make Canada oil-sufficient and to ensure equal supply and price of oil in all parts of Canada, especially for the eastern manufacturing base. This policy proved deeply divisive as it forced
Alberta to sell low-priced oil to eastern Canada. The policy was eliminated 5
2205:
is of ever increasing importance, with the vast majority of international visitors coming from the United States. Casino gaming is currently the fastest-growing component of the
Canadian tourism industry, contributing $ 5 billion in profits for Canadian governments and employing 41,000 Canadians as
1899:
announced that it was lowering its target for the overnight rate by another one-quarter percentage point, to 0.5 per cent "to try to stimulate an economy that appears to have failed to rebound meaningfully from the oil shock woes that dragged it into decline in the first quarter". According to the
2237:
for wealthy nations was a transition from a raw material production-based economy to a manufacturing-based economy and then to a service-based economy. At its World War II peak in 1944, Canada's manufacturing sector accounted for 29% of GDP, declining to 10.37% in 2017. Canada has not suffered as
1926:
The Bank's main priority has been to keep inflation at a moderate level. As part of that strategy, interest rates were kept at a low level for almost seven years. Since
September 2010, the key interest rate (overnight rate) was 0.5%. In mid 2017, inflation remained below the Bank's 2% target, (at
1803:
Since 2010 productivity growth has picked up, almost entirely driven by above average multifactor productivity growth. However, productivity on the whole still lags behind the upper half of OECD countries such as the United States. Canada's productivity is now around the median OECD productivity,
3159:
The U.S. remains Canada's largest foreign investor and the most popular destination for
Canadian foreign investments. In 2018, the stock of U.S. direct investment in Canada totaled $ 406 billion, while the stock of Canadian investment in the U.S. totaled $ 595 billion, or 46% of the overall CDIA
2612:
Fossil fuels provide 19% of
Canadian electric power, about half as coal (9% of the total), and the remainder a mix of natural gas and oil. Only five provinces use coal for electricity generation. Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Nova Scotia rely on coal for nearly half of their generation, while other
1111:
economy. In 2021, Canadian trade in goods and services reached $ 2.016 trillion. Canada's exports totalled over $ 637 billion, while its imported goods were worth over $ 631 billion, of which approximately $ 391 billion originated from the United States. In 2018, Canada had a
2281:
Canada was the world's nineteenth-largest steel exporter in 2018. In year-to-date 2019 (through March), further referred to as YTD 2019, Canada exported 1.39 million metric tons of steel, a 22 percent decrease from 1.79 million metric tons in YTD 2018. Based on available data, Canada's exports
2189:
The education and health sectors are two of Canada's largest, but both are primarily under the influence of the government. The health care industry has been quickly growing and is the third-largest in Canada. Its rapid growth has led to problems for governments who must find money to fund it.
1799:
According to OECD's annual economic survey of Canada in June 2012, Canada has experienced weak growth of multi-factor productivity (MFP) and has been declining further since 2002. One of the ways MFP growth is raised is by boosting innovation and Canada's innovation indicators such as business
1744:
The reliance on natural resources has several effects on the
Canadian economy and Canadian society. While manufacturing and service industries are easy to standardize, natural resources vary greatly by region. This ensures that differing economic structures developed in each region of Canada,
2818:(Signed November 21, 2008, entered into force August 15, 2011; Canada's ratification of this FTA had been dependent upon Colombia's ratification of the "Agreement Concerning Annual Reports on Human Rights and Free Trade Between Canada and the Republic of Colombia" signed on May 27, 2010)
1927:
1.6%) mostly because of reductions in the cost of energy, food and automobiles; as well, the economy was in a continuing spurt with a predicted GDP growth of 2.8 percent by year end. Early on July 12, 2017, the bank issued a statement that the benchmark rate would be increased to 0.75%.
1832:
monetary policy that has been the cornerstone of Canada's monetary and fiscal policy since the early 1990s, the Bank of Canada sets an inflation target The inflation target was set at 2 per cent, which is the midpoint of an inflation range of 1 to 3 per cent. They established a set of
2242:
also found that, while manufacturing declined as a relative percentage of GDP from 24.3% in the 1960s to 15.6% in 2005, manufacturing volumes between 1961 and 2005 kept pace with the overall growth in the volume index of GDP. Manufacturing in Canada declined significantly during the
1869:(CPI). In 2011 the Government of Canada and the Bank of Canada extended Canada's inflation-control target to December 31, 2016. The Bank of Canada uses three unconventional instruments to achieve the inflation target: "a conditional statement on the future path of the policy rate",
3168:
industries, petroleum, chemicals, the manufacture of machinery and transportation equipment, and finance, while
Canadian investment in the United States is concentrated in manufacturing, wholesale trade, real estate, petroleum, finance, insurance and other services.
1198:
Since the early 20th century, the growth of Canada's manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to an urbanized, industrial one. Like many other developed countries, the Canadian economy is dominated by the
11857:
7727:
The OECD produces an annual report on member nations who share the goal of "contributing to the development of the world economy" by attaining the "highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living while maintaining financial
1930:
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, critics have pointed out that the Bank of Canada's inflation-targeting has had unintended consequences, such as fuelling an increase in home prices and contributing to wealth inequalities by supporting higher equity values.
1860:
and the bank rate rose to around 14% and unemployment topped 11%. Although since that time inflation-targeting has been adopted by "most advanced-world central banks", in 1991 it was innovative and Canada was an early adopter when the then-Finance Minister
2574:
in the last decade in order to increase investment and competition in this sector of the economy. In 2017, the electricity sector accounted for 10% of total national greenhouse gas emissions. Canada has substantial electricity trade with the neighbouring
3283:
Since 1985, 63,755 deals in- and outbound Canada have been announced, with an overall value of US$ 3.7 billion. Almost 50% of the targets of Canadian companies (outbound deals) have a parent company in the US. Inbound deals are 82% percent from the US.
9134:
2993:
Canada and the United States share a common trading relationship. Canada's job market continues to perform well along with the US, reaching a 30-year low in the unemployment rate in December 2006, following 14 consecutive years of employment growth.
1904:(CPI) inflation was about 1 per cent. This reflects "year-over-year price declines for consumer energy products". Core inflation in the first quarter of 2015 was about 2 per cent with an underlying trend in inflation at about 1.5 to 1.7 per cent.
3269:, in May 2015, while the Canadian household debt-to-income ratio is similar to that in the US, however lending standards in Canada are tighter than those in the United States to protect against high-risk borrowers taking out unsustainable debt.
1733:. The vast majority of these products are exported, mainly to the United States. There are also many secondary and service industries that are directly linked to primary ones. For instance one of Canada's largest manufacturing industries is the
2733:
dramatically over the 20th century. The agriculture and agri-food manufacturing sector created $ 49.0 billion to Canada's GDP in 2015, accounting for 2.6% of total GDP. This sector also accounts for 8.4% of Canada's Greenhouse gas emissions.
3093:
While most of U.S.-Canada trade flows smoothly, there are occasionally bilateral trade disputes, particularly in the agricultural and cultural fields. Usually these issues are resolved through bilateral consultative forums or referral to
11969:
1748:
Natural resource industries also raise important questions of sustainability. Despite many decades as a leading producer, there is little risk of depletion. Large discoveries continue to be made, such as the massive nickel find at
1234:
of 1965 opened Canada's borders to trade in the automobile manufacturing industry. In the 1970s, concerns over energy self-sufficiency and foreign ownership in the manufacturing sectors prompted the federal government to enact the
11791:
1891:
argued that the central bank's mandate would allow for a more flexible inflation-targeting in specific situations where he would consider taking longer "than the typical six to eight quarters to return inflation to 2 per cent".
8280:
9842:
1717:, which, with the world's second-largest oil reserves, is taking an increasingly prominent position in natural resources extraction. Several of Canada's largest companies are based in natural resource industries, such as
10475:
1833:
inflation-reduction targets to keep inflation "low, stable and predictable" and to foster "confidence in the value of money", contribute to Canada's sustained growth, employment gains and improved standard of living.
8896:
1911:
explained that the economy was "being dragged down by forces beyond Canadian borders such as global oil prices, the European debt crisis, and China's economic slowdown" which has made the global economy "fragile".
13285:
2736:
The Canadian agriculture industry receives significant government subsidies and support as with other developed nations. However, Canada has strongly supported reducing market influencing subsidies through the
2545:
has played a significant role in the economic and political life of the country since the late 19th century. The sector is organized along provincial and territorial lines. In a majority of provinces, large
3034:. Canada's importance to the United States is not just a border-state phenomenon: Canada is the leading export market for 35 of 50 U.S. states, and is the United States' largest foreign supplier of energy.
2585:
accounted for 59% of all electric generation in Canada in 2016, making Canada the world's second-largest producer of hydroelectricity after China. Since 1960, large hydroelectric projects, especially in
7708:
1642:
of government. As a result, Canada has developed its own social and political institutions, distinct from most other countries in the world. Though the Canadian economy is closely integrated with the
9419:
11027:
1880:
As a result, interest rates and inflation eventually came down along with the value of the Canadian dollar. From 1991 to 2011 the inflation-targeting regime kept "price gains fairly reliable".
2848:
105:
11782:
2605:
The second-largest single source of power (15% of the total) is nuclear power, with several plants in Ontario generating more than half of that province's electricity and one generator in
13278:
12319:
10958:
7703:
1567:
11243:
13482:
3074:
is the largest U.S. energy trading relationship, with the overwhelming majority ($ 66.7 billion) being exports from Canada. The primary components of U.S. energy trade with Canada are
11318:
15185:
13323:
1527:
13271:
12505:
10483:
10087:
2803:
11354:
10111:
9803:
3118:
in 1981; both accepted the court's October 12, 1984 ruling which demarcated the territorial sea boundary. A current issue between the United States and Canada is the ongoing
12953:
1216:
3254:. In March 2015, the International Monetary Fund reported that Canada's high household debt was one of two vulnerable domestic areas in Canada's economy; the second is its
12520:
12510:
12756:
2170:, and communications industries. This portion of the economy has been rapidly growing in recent years. It is largely concentrated in the major urban centres, especially
3144:'s visit to Canada in February 1995, and air traffic between the two countries has increased dramatically as a result. The two countries also share in operation of the
15165:
9012:
Moller, Stephanie; Huber, Evelyne; Stephens, John D.; Bradley, David; Nielsen, François (2003). "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies".
8099:
2290:, and the first of those alone accounted for roughly half of Canadian steel production through its two subsidiaries. The top two markets for Canada's exports were its
9490:
8621:
8593:
3051:
The U.S. is Canada's largest agricultural export market, taking well over half of all Canadian food exports. Nearly two-thirds of Canada's forest products, including
13522:
12967:
11651:
11629:
1215:
are the most prominent components. Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, are sustained by nearby mines or sources of timber. Canada spends
15175:
1865:
approved the Bank of Canada's first inflation-targeting in the 1991 federal budget. The inflation target was set at 2 per cent. Inflation is measured by the total
1676:
in the world. Today Canada closely resembles the U.S. in its market-oriented economic system and pattern of production. As of 2019, Canada has 56 companies in the
1887:, the narrow focus of inflation-targeting as a means of providing stable growth in the Canadian economy was questioned. By 2011, the then-Bank of Canada Governor
13607:
13602:
13597:
13592:
13587:
13582:
13577:
13572:
13567:
13562:
13557:
13552:
13547:
13009:
12309:
10986:
2162:
The second-largest portion of the service sector is the business service, and it employs only a slightly smaller percentage of the population. This includes the
12525:
9973:
8421:
85:
10913:
2238:
greatly as most other rich, industrialized nations from the pains of the relative decline in the importance of manufacturing since the 1960s. A 2009 study by
2119:
The service sector in Canada is vast and multifaceted, employing about three quarters of Canadians and accounting for 70% of GDP. The largest employer is the
14557:
12946:
13002:
12960:
12339:
1841:
11603:
8518:
7947:"The outlook is uncertain again amid financial sector turmoil, high inflation, ongoing effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and three years of COVID"
7693:
1310:, lead, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, and cadmium. Canada has a sizeable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, with automobiles and
11221:
2519:
Canada has access to cheap sources of energy because of its geography. This has enabled the creation of several important industries, such as the large
15573:
13377:
13016:
12227:
8645:
547:
530:
11035:
12981:
9920:
8200:
10632:
10208:
10172:
9295:
Hale, Geoffrey (October 2008). "The Dog That Hasn't Barked: The Political Economy of Contemporary Debates on Canadian Foreign Investment Policies".
13627:
12588:
11699:
8497:
7698:
14657:
13814:
12749:
10931:
9757:
1248:
10962:
10190:
8948:
13492:
13318:
7163:
3575:
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2021 (with IMF staff estimates for 2022–2027). Inflation below 5% is in green.
2123:
sector, employing almost 12% of Canadians. The retail industry is concentrated mainly in a small number of chain stores clustered together in
15288:
13400:
13339:
12274:
10704:
7663:
3160:
stock for 2018. This made Canada the second largest investing country in the U.S. for 2018 US investments are primarily directed at Canada's
2854:
2700:
1800:
R&D and patenting rates were poor. Raising MFP growth is "needed to sustain rising living standards, especially as the population ages".
1260:
297:
11170:
11086:
10222:
10135:
9856:
13344:
12030:
11142:
10872:
10848:
10608:
10512:
10438:
450:
435:
10752:
10680:
9706:
U.S. companies account for the most members of the list, 565, followed by China and Hong Kong, which is home to 263 Global 2000 companies.
15536:
15506:
15411:
14189:
12665:
12200:
11332:
10824:
10800:
10728:
10656:
10584:
10560:
9174:
7780:
7688:
3126:
2830:
1374:
8471:
2679:'s rising dollar. This has raised the price of Ontario's manufacturing exports and made them less competitive, a problem similar to the
12742:
11058:
10932:"Resource-based Industries and High-tech Manufacturing – Goods Sector – Major Industries – A Guide to the BC Economy and Labour Market"
10896:
10776:
10536:
9064:
8060:
2842:
2797:
2648:
Canada possesses extensive oil and gas resources centered in Alberta, and the Northern Territories but is also present in neighboring
2197:
industry, and a burgeoning film, television, and entertainment industry creating content for local and international consumption (see
13436:
12480:
11925:
11403:
11189:
302:
11358:
3037:
Bilateral trade increased by 52% between 1989, when the U.S.–Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) went into effect, and 1994, when the
13487:
13420:
12279:
11989:
11447:
8878:
8349:
8294:
8252:
3067:
2988:
2860:
2815:
2606:
1279:
11430:"Canadian Statistics – Imports, exports and trade balance of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, by country or country grouping"
9769:
9721:
1824:
The Bank of Canada issues its bank rate announcement through its Monetary Policy Report which is released eight times a year. The
1772:
Productivity measures are key indicators of economic performance and a key source of economic growth and competitiveness. OECD's
15531:
14509:
13789:
13249:
12540:
12490:
10137:
How Canada's economy went from boom to recession so fast: An in-depth look at the perfect storm that pushed Canada into recession
9078:
2836:
1684:
makes up a large part of the Canadian economy, particularly of its natural resources. In 2009, agriculture, energy, forestry and
9870:
1689:
about 73% of exports and 63% of imports as of 2009. Canada's combined exports and imports ranked 8th among all nations in 2006.
15122:
13497:
13472:
13370:
12220:
8681:
7658:
2824:
2785:
7946:
1203:, which employs about three-quarters of the country's workforce. Among developed countries, Canada has an unusually important
15461:
14787:
14761:
12696:
12329:
12146:
12126:
12106:
12060:
11959:
9474:
9402:
9351:
9297:
9279:
9250:
9219:
9118:
9058:
8812:
Dutta, Soumitra; Lanvin, Bruno; Wunsch-Vincent, Sacha; León, Lorena Rivera; World Intellectual Property Organization (2022).
8772:
8719:
7867:
2791:
1673:
908:
101:
17:
11947:
11429:
9739:
8088:
15511:
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15170:
13819:
12475:
12465:
9572:
9497:
8847:
8132:
8095:
7619:
3133:
Agreement in June 1999 that settled differences over implementation of the 1985 Pacific Salmon Treaty for the next decade.
2878:
2809:
1862:
1271:
12712:
9137:; Chapter 3 in Canada in a Changing Climate: National Issues Report, (ed.) F.J. Warren and N. Lulham; Government of Canada
8449:
1756:
The depletion of renewable resources has raised concerns in recent years. After decades of escalating overutilization the
15135:
14650:
14573:
14304:
13507:
12515:
12299:
11267:
3278:
3119:
3038:
2890:
2609:. This makes Canada the world's sixth-largest electricity producer generated by nuclear power, producing 95 TWh in 2017.
1252:
1231:
7762:
1919:
had lost about US$ 3 trillion of wealth by July 2015 when panicked investors sold stocks, which created declines in the
14783:
14427:
10354:
1602:
1511:
1085:
977:
202:
10983:
10158:
2143:(of the United States). This has led to fewer workers in this sector and the migration of retail jobs to the suburbs.
1764:
industry, after many years of activism, has in recent years moved to a more sustainable model, or to other countries.
15351:
15281:
13849:
13363:
12765:
12213:
12136:
12116:
12094:
12084:
12074:
12040:
12020:
12010:
11999:
11979:
9964:
9623:
9438:
8831:
8577:
2523:
industries in British Columbia and Quebec. Canada is also one of the world's highest per capita consumers of energy.
109:
3125:
In 1990, the United States and Canada signed a bilateral Fisheries Enforcement Agreement, which has served to deter
2247:. As of 2017, manufacturing accounts for 10% of Canada's GDP, a relative decline of more than 5% of GDP since 2005.
15401:
14754:
14179:
13512:
12701:
12442:
12380:
10287:
9683:
7996:
7633:
1792:
Another productivity measure, used by OECD, is the long-term trend in multifactor productivity (MFP) also known as
1240:
11244:"A legacy rich as oil: Ex-Alberta premier Peter Lougheed's ideas imprinted on party still in power 41 years later"
9825:
2254:
to all the major American and Japanese automobile makers and many parts factories owned by Canadian firms such as
14564:
12583:
12578:
12294:
12289:
2970:
2750:
1939:
In 2020, the Canadian economy had the following relative weighting by the industry as a percentage value of GDP:
1264:
968:
326:
13263:
11703:
11569:
11381:
8266:
3106:
industry to the Canadian market. The United States and Canada also have resolved several major issues involving
1147:(14th in 2023) and "is widely regarded as among the least corrupt countries of the world". It ranks high in the
15568:
15416:
15311:
14643:
14279:
13689:
12660:
12500:
12447:
11119:
8563:
3115:
2696:
2625:
1421:
1200:
332:
207:
130:
15501:
12050:
11607:
11474:
8544:
2703:
of 1988 was a promise that Canada would never charge the United States more for energy than fellow Canadians.
2671:
Historically, an important issue in Canadian politics is the interplay between the oil and energy industry in
15466:
14695:
14387:
14354:
14309:
8975:
3098:(WTO) or NAFTA dispute resolution. In May 1999, the U.S. and Canadian governments negotiated an agreement on
2151:
1459:
1369:
1204:
1148:
320:
11673:
11448:"Imports, exports and trade balance of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, by country or country grouping"
11213:
9740:"Imports, exports and trade balance of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, by country or country grouping"
8399:
3129:
activity and reduce the risk of injury during fisheries enforcement incidents. The U.S. and Canada signed a
15421:
15274:
15089:
15084:
15079:
15074:
15069:
15064:
15059:
15054:
15036:
15031:
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15016:
15011:
15006:
15001:
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14915:
14910:
14892:
14887:
14882:
14877:
14872:
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14862:
14857:
14852:
14831:
14813:
14808:
14803:
14798:
14793:
14777:
14772:
14767:
14748:
14743:
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14728:
14723:
14690:
14685:
14615:
14314:
13889:
13313:
12675:
12375:
12365:
11729:
11289:
10414:
9913:
8035:
8008:
2532:
1714:
1643:
1426:
1212:
1180:
1144:
10625:
8788:
15155:
14144:
13232:
12264:
10274:
9670:
7983:
7951:
7919:
7766:
7562:
2559:
2555:
563:
39:
2675:
and the industrial heartland of Southern Ontario. Foreign investment in Western oil projects has fueled
15563:
15115:
14457:
14224:
14159:
14119:
13415:
13142:
12670:
12558:
12485:
12370:
8739:
1816:
is to conduct monetary policy that "preserves the value of money by keeping inflation low and stable".
1520:
1438:
1362:
1336:
1327:
1315:
10935:
15521:
13204:
12411:
12344:
11002:
8626:
8598:
7010:
2884:
2660:
give Canada the world's third-largest reserves of oil after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, according to
2599:
1836:
In a January 9, 2019 statement on the release of the Monetary Policy Report, Bank of Canada Governor
1793:
1781:
1475:
1295:
1188:
1184:
1164:
1046:
932:
886:
8319:
8267:"Taxing Wages 2023: Indexation of Labour Taxation and Benefits in OECD Countries | READ online"
15516:
15297:
14014:
13914:
13477:
13386:
12680:
12568:
12390:
12304:
11759:
10697:
10313:
10251:
10063:
9367:
8642:"Evolution of the world's 25 top trading nations – Share of global exports of goods (%), 1978–2020"
8327:
8174:
8153:
8074:
7884:
7737:
3262:
3255:
3095:
2738:
2665:
2547:
2136:
1702:
1220:
89:
8813:
8226:
1840:
summarized major events since the October report, such as "negative economic consequences" of the
15526:
15195:
14705:
14680:
14666:
14229:
14214:
14199:
14039:
13754:
13410:
13177:
13093:
12284:
11095:
10865:
10841:
10601:
10505:
9242:
8851:
8569:
7683:
7576:
2691:
years after it was first announced amid a collapse of oil prices in 1985. The new Prime Minister
2229:. Central Canada is home to several auto factories of the major American and Japanese automakers.
1562:
1416:
1379:
1236:
1160:
1152:
1121:
988:
416:
185:
11884:
11148:
10745:
10673:
10445:
9991:
2821:
Canada–Jordan Free Trade Agreement (Signed on June 28, 2009, entered into force October 1, 2012)
15496:
15406:
15356:
15316:
15100:
14244:
14184:
14099:
13984:
13864:
13829:
13669:
13537:
13441:
12644:
12598:
12437:
12406:
12314:
11520:
10817:
10793:
10721:
10649:
10577:
10553:
9635:
2687:
2551:
1777:
1117:
163:
14542:
10400:
9590:
9420:"CER – Market Snapshot: 25 Years of Atlantic Canada Offshore Oil & Natural Gas Production"
9341:
9182:
9108:
8709:
2295:
2019, exports as a share of production decreased to 41.6 percent from 53 percent in YTD 2018.
15491:
15486:
15481:
15336:
15108:
14447:
14249:
14209:
14084:
14074:
14049:
14024:
13994:
13974:
13884:
13824:
13784:
13714:
13643:
13225:
13163:
13121:
13051:
12988:
12360:
11323:
10889:
10769:
10529:
9464:
9267:
9236:
9205:
8762:
7168:
Export trade from Canada measured in US dollars. In 2021, Canada exported US$ 503.4 billion.
2712:
1857:
1828:, a federal crown corporation, has the responsibility of Canada's monetary system. Under the
1411:
1283:
1125:
15471:
11064:
10444:. US Department of Commerce. International Trade Administration. August 2019. Archived from
9523:"Canada (CAN) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners - The Observatory of Economic Complexity"
9048:
8641:
7171:
That dollar amount reflects a 19.5% gain since 2017 and a 29.1% increase from 2020 to 2021.
3246:, the amount of money that all adults in the household owe financial institutions, includes
2907:
Canada is negotiating bilateral FTAs with the following countries respectively trade blocs:
1278:
and other oil reserves give Canada 13 percent of global oil reserves, constituting the
15476:
15391:
15366:
14700:
14442:
14324:
14234:
14219:
14104:
14054:
13949:
13934:
13904:
13704:
13694:
12734:
12717:
12334:
12182:
11328:
9148:
8374:
8175:"Labour force characteristics, monthly, seasonally adjusted and trend-cycle, last 5 months"
7082:
3232:
3184:
3005:
The United States is by far Canada's largest trading partner, with more than $ 1.7 billion
2226:
1916:
1901:
1866:
1760:
all but collapsed in the 1990s, and the Pacific salmon industry also suffered greatly. The
1639:
1597:
1094:
1062:
351:
93:
11542:
11497:
11407:
11196:
10264:
9660:
8711:
From Wall Street to Bay Street: The Origins and Evolution of American and Canadian Finance
7973:
8:
15441:
15376:
15346:
15321:
15160:
14482:
14477:
14467:
14372:
14344:
14264:
14259:
14239:
14149:
14134:
14069:
14034:
13929:
13869:
13844:
13839:
13809:
13774:
13769:
13739:
13719:
13623:
13517:
13218:
13107:
13079:
13065:
12974:
12939:
12563:
12535:
12432:
11909:
7583:
3145:
2657:
2638:
2255:
1920:
1870:
1829:
1681:
1587:
1480:
1275:
1168:
1136:
1116:
in goods of $ 22 billion and a trade deficit in services of $ 25 billion. The
11451:
7812:
2963:
Canada has been involved in negotiations to create the following regional trade blocks:
2881:(signed October 12, 1987, entered into force January 1, 1989, later superseded by NAFTA)
15456:
15451:
15381:
15361:
15216:
15180:
15150:
14472:
14422:
14412:
14402:
14397:
14392:
14377:
14367:
14362:
14329:
14319:
14299:
14284:
14204:
14114:
14089:
14079:
14064:
14009:
14004:
13959:
13939:
13899:
13854:
13764:
13759:
13734:
13709:
13699:
13679:
13674:
13170:
13156:
13037:
12416:
12186:
10269:
10252:
Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by industry, annual average (x 1,000,000)
9773:
9725:
9665:
9322:
9314:
9211:
9029:
7978:
7859:
7673:
7668:
7640:
7590:
7569:
3071:
2931:
2722:
2571:
2538:
2287:
2234:
2218:
2163:
2155:
1761:
1738:
1677:
1650:
1592:
1552:
1547:
1443:
1226:
Canada's economic integration with the United States has increased significantly since
1208:
647:
13633:
11585:
9268:"Who owns whom? Economic nationalism and family controlled pyramidal groups in Canada"
9082:
8693:
1243:(FIRA). The government abolished the NEP in the 1980s and changed the name of FIRA to
15396:
15386:
15326:
15190:
14603:
14492:
14462:
14437:
14417:
14407:
14382:
14339:
14294:
14289:
14254:
14174:
14169:
14139:
14124:
14059:
14029:
13989:
13969:
13954:
13919:
13909:
13749:
13744:
13724:
13684:
13451:
13135:
13058:
12624:
12385:
12324:
12269:
12142:
12122:
12102:
12080:
12056:
12036:
12016:
11995:
11975:
11955:
11521:"FTD – Statistics – Country Data – U.S. Trade Balance with South and Central America"
10350:
10038:
9619:
9470:
9398:
9347:
9326:
9275:
9246:
9215:
9114:
9054:
8827:
8768:
8715:
8672:
8664:
8573:
8012:
7892:
7678:
7597:
3019:
2239:
2222:
2202:
2183:
2158:. Canadian business services are largely concentrated in large urban areas of Canada.
1706:
1654:
1557:
1506:
1485:
1352:
1287:
1192:
1172:
1078:
384:
371:
125:
15446:
15371:
15221:
14487:
14452:
14432:
14334:
14274:
14194:
14164:
14109:
14094:
14019:
13979:
13964:
13944:
13924:
13894:
13879:
13859:
13804:
13799:
13729:
13446:
13100:
13030:
12995:
12865:
10379:
10370:
MacLaurin, Tanya; MacLaurin, Donald (2003). "Casino gaming and tourism in Canada".
9306:
9021:
8987:
8819:
7851:
7626:
6974:
3266:
2956:
2649:
2591:
2582:
2514:
2311:
1837:
1685:
1452:
1433:
1244:
393:
48:
14902:
9466:
Reconfiguring Global Climate Governance in North America: A Transregional Approach
9172:
9110:
Environmental Assessment on Energy and Sustainability by Data Envelopment Analysis
7836:
1907:
In response to the Bank of Canada's July 15, 2015 rate adjustment, Prime Minister
1657:. Many aspects of public enterprise, most notably the development of an extensive
15341:
15240:
14269:
14154:
14129:
14044:
13999:
13874:
13834:
13794:
13502:
13293:
13149:
13114:
13086:
13044:
13023:
12603:
12495:
12247:
11573:
11433:
10990:
9743:
8923:
3006:
2806:(Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein; entered into force July 1, 2009)
2668:, an increase of 84% since 1990, mostly due to the development of the oil sands.
2244:
2198:
1884:
1750:
1468:
1397:
1384:
1156:
671:
60:
14526:
11730:"Largest deficit in seven years in 2019; full impact of pandemic yet to be seen"
11472:
8855:
8061:"Trudeau's Scattershot Spending Sends Child Poverty to New Lows – BNN Bloomberg"
1661:
system to redress social and economic inequities, were adopted after the end of
15046:
14983:
14844:
14715:
14550:
14516:
13648:
13405:
13185:
13128:
13072:
12470:
12195:
12070:
9995:
8565:
Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage
8201:"Canada's unemployment rate dropped to lowest level on record in March to 5.3%"
7471:
7214:
3243:
3153:
3130:
3011:
2692:
2672:
2299:
1908:
1896:
1825:
1813:
1734:
1658:
1501:
1404:
1299:
1104:
843:
792:
737:
709:
97:
10383:
9310:
8991:
2270:
1923:, which in turn negatively impacted resource-producing countries like Canada.
15557:
15254:
12914:
12639:
12634:
12629:
12191:
12068:
11818:
10433:
10331:
9547:
8949:"'Worst in the world': Here are all the rankings in which Canada is now last"
8921:
8882:
8676:
7551:
7406:
7188:
7028:
3251:
3247:
3122:, as the U.S. alleges that Canada unfairly subsidizes its forestry industry.
3111:
3015:
2680:
2616:
Non-hydro renewables are a fast-growing portion of the total, at 7% in 2016.
2576:
2283:
2128:
2124:
1874:
1757:
1624:
1270:
Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy.
1128:, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over
1113:
1081:
815:
695:
639:
635:
592:
578:
135:
9515:
15266:
14531:
13527:
13456:
13355:
9522:
8124:
7118:
3141:
3052:
2726:
2653:
2251:
1730:
1662:
1274:, and Alberta hosts the fourth-largest oil reserves in the world. The vast
1227:
1179:
average. Canada ranks among the lowest of the most developed countries for
1140:
14635:
11498:"FTD – Statistics – Country Data – U.S. Trade Balance with European Union"
9695:
2997:
14960:
13653:
13638:
12879:
12858:
12837:
12008:
11586:"The Pacific Salmon Treaty: The 1999 Agreement and Renegotiated Annex IV"
7484:
7344:
7279:
7266:
7046:
3149:
3083:
3079:
2926:
2214:
2167:
1888:
1311:
1307:
1089:
1024:
788:
602:
69:
13309:
Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
11858:"Labour force characteristics by province, monthly, seasonally adjusted"
11567:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada / Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada
11187:
11034:. Environment and Climate Change Canada. January 9, 2007. Archived from
10482:. Environment and Climate Change Canada. August 19, 2019. Archived from
10025:
Bank of Canada to get marching orders to look beyond inflation targeting
9824:(Report). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2012.
9318:
8976:"View of 2020 TAX COMPETITIVENESS REPORT: CANADA'S INVESTMENT CHALLENGE"
8823:
7837:"Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment"
3265:
as of July 2019 was CAD$ 2.2 trillion. According to Philip Cross of the
12619:
12530:
10089:
IMF again cuts Canada's growth forecast ahead of interest rate decision
9818:
9050:
Historical Atlas of Canada: Addressing the Twentieth Century, 1891–1961
9033:
7863:
7788:
3103:
3087:
2498:
2432:
1856:
was Governor of the Bank of Canada—1987 to 1994— there was a worldwide
1680:
list, ranking ninth just behind South Korea and ahead of Saudi Arabia.
1669:
1108:
1006:
659:
539:
12162:
8735:
2845:
with EU (signed 30 October 2016, entered into force 21 September 2017)
2717:
2630:
2057:
Administrative and support, waste management, and remediation services
1251:(FTA) of 1988 eliminated tariffs between the two countries, while the
14823:
13211:
12893:
12823:
12815:
12780:
12573:
11566:
10223:"GESSAROLI: Artificially low interest rates – we're paying the price"
7318:
3075:
3060:
3045:
2951:
2922:
2918:
2849:
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
2520:
2194:
2179:
2146:
1900:
Bank of Canada announcement, in the first quarter of 2015, the total
1853:
1635:
784:
663:
651:
597:
568:
347:
13308:
12205:
10209:"Bank of Canada raises interest rates for first time in seven years"
9025:
7855:
7704:
List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product
12907:
12844:
11347:
9439:"One of the World's Dirtiest Oil Patches Is Pumping More Than Ever"
8877:
Shorrocks, Anthony; Davies, Jim; Lluberas, Rodrigo (October 2018).
7763:"World Economic Outlook Database Groups and Aggregates Information"
6992:
3165:
3137:
3099:
3023:
3014:
combined, and well over twice U.S. trade with all the countries of
2755:
2634:
2595:
2494:
2490:
2396:
2383:
2335:
2175:
2140:
1726:
1303:
643:
573:
10018:
10016:
10014:
10012:
9418:
Government of Canada, Canada Energy Regulator (January 29, 2021).
8075:"Gini coefficients of adjusted market, total and after-tax income"
2602:, have significantly increased the country's generation capacity.
12921:
12114:
10432:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
9908:
9906:
9904:
9902:
9900:
9898:
9873:(Report). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
9859:(Report). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
9845:(Report). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
7916:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Canada)"
7523:
7445:
7305:
7253:
7064:
6956:
3107:
3027:
2946:
2912:
2642:
2567:
2563:
2502:
2456:
2420:
2274:
2259:
2171:
2132:
1693:
world leader in the production of many natural resources such as
1494:
1282:. Canada is additionally one of the world's largest suppliers of
655:
44:
15130:
14510:
Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China
13324:
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
12055:, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Geoeconomic Studies,
12052:
The Canadian oil sands : energy security vs. climate change
11518:
11495:
10173:"The Bank of Canada Shows It's the Federal Reserve of the North"
9618:
Global Systems by David J Rees with Michael G Jones, Chapter 4,
9540:
8545:"International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity – CANADA"
8400:"Canada's balance of international payments, third quarter 2021"
3177:
2481:
In 2019, the country was also the 4th largest world producer of
14572:
12900:
12886:
12851:
12794:
12787:
12506:
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec
10401:"Manufacturing's share of gross domestic product, 1900 to 2005"
10113:
After rate cut, Canada PM's office says global woes hit economy
10009:
9884:
9770:"Gross domestic product at basic prices, by industry (monthly)"
9700:
9583:
8472:"Moody's Affirms Canada's Aaa Rating; Maintains Stable Outlook"
7510:
7432:
7331:
7292:
7240:
7100:
3161:
2893:(entered into force January 1, 1994, later superseded by USMCA)
2676:
2587:
2542:
2486:
2482:
2444:
2408:
2371:
2359:
2316:
Canada is one of the largest producers of metals (as of 2019):
2127:. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of
2120:
1722:
1718:
1698:
1291:
1256:
1187:. Among OECD members, Canada has a highly efficient and strong
1100:
857:
667:
14517:
Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu
12177:
12172:
10959:"Aluminum heavyweights to make $ 15-billion Quebec investment"
9895:
2833:(Signed on March 11, 2014, entered into force January 1, 2015)
14625:
13295:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
12830:
12808:
12801:
11606:. Geography.howstuffworks.com. March 30, 2008. Archived from
11188:
Michel Beine; Charles S. Bos; Serge Coulombe (January 2009).
10347:
Hollywood North the feature film industry in British Columbia
9722:"Exports of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, by product"
8811:
7497:
7458:
7419:
7370:
7357:
7227:
7201:
3056:
3031:
2941:
2936:
2897:
2291:
1272:
Atlantic Canada possess vast offshore deposits of natural gas
871:
829:
751:
723:
587:
12764:
12521:
Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada
12511:
Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario
12009:
Hessing, Melody; Michael Howlett, Tracy Summerville (2005),
11700:"Overview of Canadian Foreign Direct Investment (PRB-0833E)"
11475:"FTD – Statistics – Trade Highlights – Top Trading Partners"
10372:
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management
10312:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (January 25, 2021).
10133:
8498:"Fitch Downgrades Canada's Ratings to 'AA+'; Outlook Stable"
8350:"Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$ ) - Canada"
8295:"Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$ ) - Canada"
2851:(signed March 8, 2018, entered into force December 30, 2018)
2800:(Entered into force November 1, 2002, modernization ongoing)
2664:. The oil and gas industry represents 27% of Canada's total
1649:
The Canadian economic system generally combines elements of
13294:
12872:
12593:
11268:"The Relative Position of Canada in the World Grain Market"
11171:"Growing Equalization Payments to Ontario Threaten Country"
10439:"Global Steel Trade Monitor – Steel Exports Report: Canada"
10415:"The Canadian Manufacturing Sector: Adapting to Challenges"
10065:
Bank of Canada lowers overnight rate target to 1/2 per cent
10058:
10056:
9756:
Canada's Private to Public (Crown) Property Ratio is 60:40.
8818:(15th ed.). World Intellectual Property Organization.
8426:
7817:
7738:"Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by industry"
3059:, are exported to the United States; 72% of Canada's total
2867:
2857:(signed November 30, 2018, entered into force July 1, 2020)
2804:
Canada–European Free Trade Association Free Trade Agreement
2788:(Entered into force January 1, 1997, modernization ongoing)
2661:
2468:
2347:
1710:
1694:
1176:
583:
10476:"Greenhouse gas sources and sinks: executive summary 2019"
9994:(Press release). Monetary Policy Report. Ottawa, Ontario:
9011:
8034:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (March 23, 2022).
7646:
2827:(Signed on May 14, 2010, entered into force April 1, 2013)
2302:
accounted for 10.2% of Canada's Greenhouse gas emissions.
1139:
sector, with the world's highest per-capita membership in
14512:, participating as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao, China".
12167:
11404:"The Daily, Friday, January 5, 2007. Labour Force Survey"
11218:
The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Foundation of Canada
3287:
Here is a list of the biggest deals in Canadian history:
2863:(signed 9 December 2020, entered into force 1 April 2021)
2497:; in addition to being the 6th largest world producer of
1290:
are one of the most important global producers of wheat,
12118:
Understanding the Social Economy: A Canadian Perspective
11952:
Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos
11864:. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. April 4, 2024
11819:"M&A Canada – Mergers & Acquisitions Statistics"
11140:
11056:
10053:
10022:
9957:
9173:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
2839:(Signed 11 July 2016, entered into force August 1, 2017)
2579:
amounting to 72 TWh exports and 10 TWh imports in 2017.
12310:
National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy
11988:
Easterbrook, William Thomas; Aitken, Hugh G. J (1988).
11084:
10191:"Bank of Canada Raises Rates for First Time in 7 Years"
9207:
The American Challenge: The World Resists US Liberalism
9149:"Research & development spending as a share of GDP"
8876:
2982:
2550:
integrated public utilities play a leading role in the
1638:, Canada is the only North American country to use the
509:
10.7% youth unemployment (May 2022; 15 to 24 year-olds)
12526:
Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions
11654:(20th ed.). Global Affairs Canada. August 2, 2019
11632:(20th ed.). Global Affairs Canada. August 2, 2019
11190:"Does the Canadian economy suffer from Dutch Disease?"
11144:
Reducing diesel energy in rural and remote communities
9716:
9714:
9548:"The Atlas of Economic Complexity by @HarvardGrwthLab"
9346:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 569.
2681:
decline of the manufacturing sector in the Netherlands
13503:
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
9368:"Expand globally with Canada's free trade agreements"
9266:
Morck, Randall; Tian, Gloria; Yeung, Bernard (2005).
3110:. By common agreement, the two countries submitted a
3044:
The largest component of U.S.–Canada trade is in the
12340:
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
11971:
Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy
11784:
A Longer-term Perspective on Canada's Household Debt
11450:. 0.statcan.gc.ca. February 11, 2011. Archived from
10311:
9417:
9081:. Statistics Canada. January 8, 2009. Archived from
8943:
8941:
8033:
7541:
1314:
representing particularly important industries. The
14515:
Officially the Republic of China, participates as "
12076:
Services industries and the knowledge-based economy
11723:
11721:
11235:
11206:
10127:
9711:
9102:
9100:
8922:Source: Prices: Analytical house price indicators.
7694:
List of Median household income of cities in Canada
3018:combined. Just the two-way trade that crosses the
2959:(FTA's are already in force with Peru and Colombia)
783:machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts,
12115:Quarter, Jack; Laurie Mook, Ann Armstrong (2009),
12012:Canadian natural resource and environmental policy
11813:
11811:
11751:
11743:"2015 Report of the International Monetary Fund",
11728:Statistics Canada, The Daily (November 18, 2020).
11379:
11290:"Agriculture and Agri-Food Economic Account, 2015"
11003:"Canada vs. The OECD: An Environmental Comparison"
10914:"World Uranium Mining – World Nuclear Association"
10369:
10314:"Labour force characteristics by industry, annual"
9983:
9952:Transforming the Nation: Canada and Brian Mulroney
9798:
9796:
8646:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
2501:. It was the 2nd largest producer in the world of
1634:With the exception of a few island nations in the
1155:(15th in 2022). Canada's economy ranks above most
11987:
11757:
11727:
11674:"Direct Investment by Country and Industry, 2018"
9614:
9612:
8938:
2774:
1646:, it has developed unique economic institutions.
1265:Canada is a signatory to 15 free trade agreements
15555:
11718:
10247:
10245:
10243:
10134:Chris Sorensen; Aaron Hutchins (July 15, 2015),
9804:'OECD Compendium of Productivity Indicators 2012
9097:
8519:"Official International Reserves - July 4, 2024"
7807:
7805:
7699:List of Commonwealth of Nations countries by GDP
2967:Canada and Central American Free Trade Agreement
2887:(concluded October 5, 2015, superseded by CPTPP)
2699:. One of the most controversial sections of the
1255:(NAFTA) expanded the free-trade zone to include
1249:Canada – United States Free Trade Agreement
11808:
10254:, Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0434-03, 2018.
10085:
10023:Jeremy Torobin; Bill Curry (October 16, 2011),
9843:OECD Compendium of Productivity Indicators 2021
9819:OECD Economic Surveys Canada June 2012 Overview
9793:
9573:"Mapping Canada's Top Manufacturing Industries"
9047:Harris, R. Cole; Matthews, Geoffrey J. (1987).
2025:Professional, scientific and technical services
13319:Programme for International Student Assessment
9863:
9609:
9265:
9046:
9005:
8760:
7941:
7939:
7937:
7164:List of the largest trading partners of Canada
51:of Canada, and one of the largest in the world
15282:
15116:
14651:
14558:
14353:
13371:
13279:
12750:
12275:Comparison of Canadian and American economies
12221:
11934:Political Economy of Canada: An Introduction.
11761:Credit measures, Bank of Canada (x 1,000,000)
11406:. Statcan.ca. January 5, 2007. Archived from
11168:
11141:Natural Resources Canada (January 30, 2018),
11094:, Paris: IEA/OECD, p. 19, archived from
10240:
9945:
9943:
9941:
9788:Political Economy of Canada: An Introduction.
9462:
9343:The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World
9146:
8369:
8367:
8169:
8167:
8009:"The Daily — Consumer Price Index, June 2024"
7802:
7664:Comparison of Canadian and American economies
7389:Import trade in 2017 measured in US dollars.
2081:Other services (except public administration)
1969:Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
15296:
13385:
11954:, Paris : OECD economic surveys, 2010,
11844:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
11780:
11736:
11702:. .parl.gc.ca. June 17, 2008. Archived from
11057:Natural Resources Canada (October 6, 2017),
10103:
9653:
9527:OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity
9234:
9203:
9106:
8714:. University of Toronto Press. p. 220.
8707:
8671:(20 ed.). Global Affairs Canada. 2021.
3102:that provides increased access for the U.S.
1061:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in
14665:
14574:North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
12666:Canadian Federation of Independent Business
11774:
10079:
9270:. In Eden, Lorraine; Dobson, Wendy (eds.).
8761:Rotberg, Robert I.; Carment, David (2018).
8561:
7934:
7830:
7828:
7689:History of the petroleum industry in Canada
3272:
3227:
2089:Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
1787:
15289:
15275:
15123:
15109:
14658:
14644:
14565:
14551:
13378:
13364:
13286:
13272:
12757:
12743:
12228:
12214:
10395:
10393:
9938:
9430:
9235:Kerr, William; Perdikis, Nicholas (2014).
9053:. University of Toronto Press. p. 2.
8973:
8364:
8164:
8036:"The Daily — Canadian Income Survey, 2020"
7910:
7908:
7906:
7904:
7902:
7709:List of Canadian metropolitan areas by GDP
2898:Ongoing free-trade agreements negotiations
2843:Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
1672:. Canada has one of the highest levels of
1318:is also a key contributor to the economy.
1167:and experiences a relatively low level of
15574:World Trade Organization member economies
12481:Canada Development Investment Corporation
12138:Progress in Economics Research, Volume 12
11943:Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2002.
11926:Bibliography of Canadian economic history
11604:"HowStuffWorks "The St. Lawrence Seaway""
10302:Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2002.
8781:
8708:Kobrak, Christopher; Martin, Joe (2018).
8619:
7968:
7966:
7964:
7962:
7834:
7142:
7124:
7106:
7088:
7070:
7052:
7034:
7016:
6998:
6980:
6962:
6923:
6854:
6846:
6785:
6777:
6716:
6708:
6647:
6639:
6578:
6570:
6562:
6509:
6501:
6440:
6432:
6371:
6363:
6294:
6233:
6225:
6164:
6156:
6095:
6087:
6026:
6018:
5957:
5949:
5888:
5880:
5819:
5811:
5750:
5742:
5681:
5673:
5612:
5604:
5543:
5535:
5474:
5466:
5405:
5397:
5336:
5328:
5267:
5259:
5198:
5190:
5129:
5121:
5060:
5052:
4991:
4983:
4922:
4914:
4853:
4845:
4784:
4776:
4715:
4707:
4646:
4638:
4577:
4569:
4508:
4500:
4439:
4431:
4423:
4370:
4362:
4301:
4293:
4232:
4224:
4163:
4155:
4094:
4086:
4025:
4017:
3956:
3948:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3818:
3810:
3802:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3674:
2701:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement
2695:had campaigned against the policy in the
1819:
1767:
917:
513:
505:
497:
402:
379:
12766:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
11380:The Canadian Press (February 24, 2011).
11313:
11311:
10961:. Canadian Manufacturing. Archived from
10956:
10031:
9849:
9835:
9811:
9762:
9636:"Crown Land | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
9360:
9107:Sueyoshi, Toshiyuki; Goto, Mika (2018).
8980:The School of Public Policy Publications
8789:"The Global Competitiveness Report 2019"
8414:
7825:
3176:
3063:production also is exported to the U.S.
2996:
2868:Free-trade agreements no longer in force
2754:
2744:
2716:
2629:
2269:
2213:
2145:
1737:sector, which is directly linked to the
359:
12541:Western Economic Diversification Canada
12491:Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
12134:
12092:
11967:
11882:
10984:Environment Canada – Energy Consumption
10698:"USGS Molybdenum Production Statistics"
10390:
10109:
9339:
9274:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 50.
9238:The Economics of International Commerce
8736:"Corruption Perceptions Index (latest)"
8659:
8657:
8655:
8562:Hall, Peter A.; Soskice, David (2001).
8422:"Official development assistance (ODA)"
7899:
7781:"World Band Country and Lending Groups"
3136:Canada and the United States signed an
2831:Canada–South Korea Free Trade Agreement
2493:; the world's 10th largest producer of
2105:Management of companies and enterprises
1223:across various sectors of the economy.
14:
15556:
13473:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
13250:special administrative region of China
12589:Federal financing for small businesses
12028:
11936:Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1992.
11519:FTDWebMaster, FTD Data Dissemination.
11496:FTDWebMaster, FTD Data Dissemination.
11270:. Dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca. October 2, 2002
11241:
11022:
11020:
10934:. Guidetobceconomy.org. Archived from
10470:
10468:
10466:
10421:
10344:
9790:Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1992.
9696:"The World's Largest Public Companies"
9272:Governance, Multinationals, and Growth
9166:
8764:Canada's Corruption at Home and Abroad
8314:
8312:
7959:
7813:"Social Expenditure – Aggregated data"
7135:
3070:billion in 2004, U.S.-Canada trade in
2798:Canada–Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement
1847:
1668:Approximately 89% of Canada's land is
517:1.2 million unemployed (December 2021)
482:59.1% employment rate (September 2020)
15270:
15104:
14639:
14546:
13359:
13267:
12738:
12716:
12697:Canadian Index of Consumer Confidence
12330:Public-private partnerships in Canada
12235:
12209:
11382:"Canada, Japan study free-trade pact"
11357:. International.gc.ca. Archived from
11308:
11120:"Top 15 Nuclear Generating Countries"
10902:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10878:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10866:"USGS Graphite Production Statistics"
10854:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10842:"USGS Antimony Production Statistics"
10830:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10806:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10782:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10758:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10734:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10710:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10686:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10662:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10638:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10626:"USGS Titanium Production Statistics"
10614:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10602:"USGS Iron Ore Production Statistics"
10590:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10566:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10542:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10518:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10506:"USGS Platinum Production Statistics"
10257:
10027:, Ottawa, Ontario: The Globe and Mail
9990:Poloz, Stephen S. (January 9, 2019).
9989:
9966:Inflation-Control Target Backgrounder
9949:
9436:
9392:
9298:Canadian Journal of Political Science
8924:"Prices – Housing prices – OECD Data"
8490:
7873:from the original on August 10, 2013.
3001:Flags of Canada and the United States
2855:Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement
2485:; the 13th largest world producer of
1774:Compendium of Productivity Indicators
1261:Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement
1247:to encourage foreign investment. The
250:
239:
13252:, participates as "Hong Kong, China"
12476:Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation
12466:Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency
12095:"The Economic Development of Canada"
12048:
11948:"OECD Economic Surveys: Canada 2010"
11941:A Geography of the Canadian Economy.
11902:
11876:
11797:from the original on October 9, 2022
10746:"USGS Lithium Production Statistics"
10674:"USGS Niobium Production Statistics"
10300:A Geography of the Canadian Economy.
10041:(Report). Bank of Canada. April 2009
9979:from the original on October 9, 2022
9926:from the original on October 9, 2022
9294:
9175:"Gross domestic spending on R&D"
9067:from the original on March 20, 2018.
8767:. Taylor & Francis. p. 12.
8652:
8096:United Nations Development Programme
8089:"Human Development Report 2023/2024"
6933:
2989:Canada–United States trade relations
2983:Canada–United States trade relations
2861:Canada–UK Trade Continuity Agreement
2816:Canada–Colombia Free Trade Agreement
2328:
1812:The mandate of the central bank—the
674:, natural gas, electricity, aluminum
363:2.0% (12 month change – August 2024)
13483:Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
12516:Financial Consumer Agency of Canada
12035:, McGill-Queen's University Press,
11331:. February 10, 2017. Archived from
11017:
10818:"USGS Gypsum Production Statistics"
10794:"USGS Sulfur Production Statistics"
10722:"USGS Cobalt Production Statistics"
10666:
10650:"USGS Potash Production Statistics"
10642:
10618:
10594:
10578:"USGS Copper Production Statistics"
10570:
10554:"USGS Nickel Production Statistics"
10546:
10522:
10498:
10463:
9831:from the original on June 16, 2013.
9772:. Statistics Canada. Archived from
9742:. Statistics Canada. Archived from
9724:. Statistics Canada. Archived from
9491:"Trade Ranking Report: Agriculture"
9397:. Springer. pp. 323, 378–389.
9204:Mosler, David; Catley, Bob (2013).
9133:Vodden, K. and Cunsolo, A. (2021):
8974:Mintz, Jack; Bazel, Philip (2021).
8728:
8309:
8105:from the original on March 13, 2024
7659:Canada's Global Markets Action Plan
3279:List of largest companies of Canada
3090:facilities on the western borders.
3039:North American Free Trade Agreement
2977:
2891:North American Free Trade Agreement
2837:Canada–Ukraine Free Trade Agreement
2812:(Entered into force August 1, 2009)
2721:An inland grain terminal along the
2049:Information and cultural industries
1253:North American Free Trade Agreement
1232:Automotive Products Trade Agreement
24:
12726:Links related to Economy of Canada
12073:, Canada. Industry Canada (2006),
11919:
11242:Gerson, Jen (September 14, 2012),
10110:Lampert, Allison (July 15, 2015),
8620:Diekmeyer, Peter (June 11, 2020).
8320:"Canada – WTO Statistics Database"
8181:. Statistics Canada. June 27, 2018
2825:Canada–Panama Free Trade Agreement
2786:Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement
2637:'s Mildred Lake plant site at the
2097:Arts, entertainment and recreation
1953:Real estate and rental and leasing
1171:. The country's average household
25:
15585:
14519:", and "Chinese Taipei" in short.
13493:Trade-Related Investment Measures
12156:
11883:Workman, Daniel (March 4, 2022).
11319:"Trade and Investment Agreements"
11224:from the original on May 19, 2018
10957:Canadian, The (October 4, 2011).
10890:"USGS Salt Production Statistics"
10770:"USGS Zinc Production Statistics"
10530:"USGS Gold Production Statistics"
9972:, Bank of Canada, November 2010,
9437:Monga, Vipal (January 13, 2022).
8986:(1). Journalhosting.ucalgary.ca.
7885:"Population estimates, quarterly"
3238:
2794:(Entered into force July 5, 1997)
2792:Canada–Chile Free Trade Agreement
2489:; the 14th worldwide producer of
2114:
1993:Health care and social assistance
1934:
1807:
15412:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
15248:
15235:
15234:
14624:
14609:
14597:
14585:
14525:
13815:Democratic Republic of the Congo
12719:
12702:International rankings of Canada
12443:Social Union Framework Agreement
12320:Provinces and territories by GDP
11932:Howlett, Michael and M. Ramesh.
11850:
11836:
11692:
11666:
11644:
11622:
11596:
11578:
11560:
11535:
11512:
11489:
11466:
11440:
11422:
11396:
11373:
11355:"Canada's Free Trade Agreements"
11282:
11260:
11181:
11162:
11134:
11112:
11088:Key World Energy Statistics 2010
11078:
11050:
10995:
10977:
10950:
10924:
10906:
10882:
10858:
10834:
10810:
10786:
10762:
10738:
10714:
10690:
10427:
10407:
10363:
10338:
10324:
10305:
10292:
10215:
10201:
10183:
10086:David Parkinson (July 9, 2015),
9871:OECD Canada Economic Survey 2021
9857:OECD Canada Economic Survey 2018
9786:Howlett, Michael and M. Ramesh.
9552:The Atlas of Economic Complexity
8696:. World Federation of Exchanges.
8227:"Unemployment rate by age group"
8125:"Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)"
7645:
7544:
7141:
7123:
7105:
7087:
7069:
7051:
7033:
7015:
6997:
6979:
6961:
6922:
6914:
6907:
6906:
6899:
6898:
6891:
6890:
6883:
6882:
6875:
6874:
6867:
6866:
6853:
6845:
6838:
6837:
6830:
6829:
6822:
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6814:
6813:
6806:
6805:
6798:
6797:
6784:
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6768:
6761:
6760:
6753:
6752:
6745:
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6715:
6707:
6700:
6699:
6692:
6691:
6684:
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6676:
6675:
6668:
6667:
6660:
6659:
6646:
6638:
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6615:
6614:
6607:
6606:
6599:
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6577:
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6554:
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6538:
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6522:
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6508:
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6493:
6492:
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6453:
6452:
6439:
6431:
6424:
6423:
6416:
6415:
6408:
6407:
6400:
6399:
6392:
6391:
6384:
6383:
6370:
6362:
6355:
6354:
6347:
6346:
6339:
6338:
6331:
6330:
6323:
6322:
6315:
6314:
6301:
6293:
6286:
6285:
6278:
6277:
6270:
6269:
6262:
6261:
6254:
6253:
6246:
6245:
6232:
6224:
6217:
6216:
6209:
6208:
6201:
6200:
6193:
6192:
6185:
6184:
6177:
6176:
6163:
6155:
6148:
6147:
6140:
6139:
6132:
6131:
6124:
6123:
6116:
6115:
6108:
6107:
6094:
6086:
6079:
6078:
6071:
6070:
6063:
6062:
6055:
6054:
6047:
6046:
6039:
6038:
6025:
6017:
6010:
6009:
6002:
6001:
5994:
5993:
5986:
5985:
5978:
5977:
5970:
5969:
5956:
5948:
5941:
5940:
5933:
5932:
5925:
5924:
5917:
5916:
5909:
5908:
5901:
5900:
5887:
5879:
5872:
5871:
5864:
5863:
5856:
5855:
5848:
5847:
5840:
5839:
5832:
5831:
5818:
5810:
5803:
5802:
5795:
5794:
5787:
5786:
5779:
5778:
5771:
5770:
5763:
5762:
5749:
5741:
5734:
5733:
5726:
5725:
5718:
5717:
5710:
5709:
5702:
5701:
5694:
5693:
5680:
5672:
5665:
5664:
5657:
5656:
5649:
5648:
5641:
5640:
5633:
5632:
5625:
5624:
5611:
5603:
5596:
5595:
5588:
5587:
5580:
5579:
5572:
5571:
5564:
5563:
5556:
5555:
5542:
5534:
5527:
5526:
5519:
5518:
5511:
5510:
5503:
5502:
5495:
5494:
5487:
5486:
5473:
5465:
5458:
5457:
5450:
5449:
5442:
5441:
5434:
5433:
5426:
5425:
5418:
5417:
5404:
5396:
5389:
5388:
5381:
5380:
5373:
5372:
5365:
5364:
5357:
5356:
5349:
5348:
5335:
5327:
5320:
5319:
5312:
5311:
5304:
5303:
5296:
5295:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5279:
5266:
5258:
5251:
5250:
5243:
5242:
5235:
5234:
5227:
5226:
5219:
5218:
5211:
5210:
5197:
5189:
5182:
5181:
5174:
5173:
5166:
5165:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5149:
5142:
5141:
5128:
5120:
5113:
5112:
5105:
5104:
5097:
5096:
5089:
5088:
5081:
5080:
5073:
5072:
5059:
5051:
5044:
5043:
5036:
5035:
5028:
5027:
5020:
5019:
5012:
5011:
5004:
5003:
4990:
4982:
4975:
4974:
4967:
4966:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4950:
4943:
4942:
4935:
4934:
4921:
4913:
4906:
4905:
4898:
4897:
4890:
4889:
4882:
4881:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4865:
4852:
4844:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4828:
4821:
4820:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4796:
4783:
4775:
4768:
4767:
4760:
4759:
4752:
4751:
4744:
4743:
4736:
4735:
4728:
4727:
4714:
4706:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4666:
4659:
4658:
4645:
4637:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4621:
4614:
4613:
4606:
4605:
4598:
4597:
4590:
4589:
4576:
4568:
4561:
4560:
4553:
4552:
4545:
4544:
4537:
4536:
4529:
4528:
4521:
4520:
4507:
4499:
4492:
4491:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4467:
4460:
4459:
4452:
4451:
4438:
4430:
4422:
4415:
4414:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4390:
4383:
4382:
4369:
4361:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4345:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4329:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4313:
4300:
4292:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4268:
4261:
4260:
4253:
4252:
4245:
4244:
4231:
4223:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4207:
4200:
4199:
4192:
4191:
4184:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4162:
4154:
4147:
4146:
4139:
4138:
4131:
4130:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4114:
4107:
4106:
4093:
4085:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4053:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4037:
4024:
4016:
4009:
4008:
4001:
4000:
3993:
3992:
3985:
3984:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3968:
3955:
3947:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3915:
3908:
3907:
3900:
3899:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3830:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3794:
3793:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3761:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3692:
3673:
3666:
3665:
3261:According to Statistics Canada,
2879:Canada–U.S. Free Trade Agreement
2810:Canada–Peru Free Trade Agreement
2209:
1618:
1351:
1298:of zinc, uranium, gold, nickel,
1241:Foreign Investment Review Agency
916:
899:Outward: $ 2.096 trillion (2022)
864:
850:
836:
822:
808:
769:
768:
744:
730:
716:
702:
688:
621:
620:
512:
504:
496:
478:
477:
470:
469:
442:
441:
426:
425:
401:
378:
358:
277:
276:
269:
268:
245:
244:
234:
233:
226:
225:
180:
179:
176:$ 2.118 trillion (nominal; 2023)
172:
171:
154:
153:
38:
12121:, University of Toronto Press,
12079:, University of Calgary Press,
11994:. University of Toronto Press.
11885:"Canada's Top Trading Partners"
11758:Statistics Canada (July 2019),
11169:Lee Greenberg (July 20, 2011).
10165:
10151:
9877:
9780:
9750:
9732:
9688:
9628:
9565:
9483:
9463:Lopez-Vallejo, Marcela (2016).
9456:
9411:
9386:
9333:
9288:
9259:
9228:
9197:
9140:
9127:
9071:
9040:
8967:
8915:
8889:
8870:
8840:
8805:
8754:
8701:
8686:
8634:
8613:
8586:
8555:
8537:
8511:
8464:
8442:
8392:
8342:
8287:
8273:
8259:
8245:
8219:
8193:
8146:
8117:
8081:
8067:
8053:
8027:
7721:
7384:
7157:
2971:Free Trade Area of the Americas
2751:Free-trade agreements of Canada
2073:Accommodation and food services
1280:world's third or fourth-largest
1259:in 1994 (later replaced by the
1175:per capita is "well above" the
896:Inward: $ 1.460 trillion (2022)
14190:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
12661:Canada Development Corporation
12280:Economic impact of immigration
11974:, Cambridge University Press,
11652:"Canada's State of Trade 2019"
11630:"Canada's State of Trade 2019"
9640:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
8001:
7877:
7773:
7755:
6915:
6302:
3368:Rio Tinto Canada Holdings Inc
3116:International Court of Justice
2775:Free-trade agreements in force
2706:
2697:1984 Canadian federal election
2626:Petroleum production in Canada
2619:
2526:
2235:general pattern of development
2041:Transportation and warehousing
1191:; social expenditure stood at
1103:is one of the world's largest
13:
1:
11968:Baldwin, John Russel (2003),
11085:International Energy Agency,
11005:. Environmentalindicators.com
8154:"Labor force, total - Canada"
7749:
2277:, view from Burlington Street
1296:country is a leading exporter
1149:Global Competitiveness Report
1054:US$ 122.9 billion (July 2024)
15537:United States Virgin Islands
14691:Department of Finance Canada
13314:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
12676:Canadian Payroll Association
12584:Federal Contractors' Program
12168:Department of Finance Canada
12032:Workers and Canadian history
11912:. Michigan State University.
9135:Rural and Remote Communities
9014:American Sociological Review
8815:Global Innovation Index 2022
3558:Fording Canadian Coal Trust
2533:Electricity sector in Canada
1145:Corruption Perceptions Index
1122:tenth-largest stock exchange
548:C$ 5,065 / US$ 3,700 monthly
531:C$ 6,809 / US$ 4,975 monthly
7:
13488:Technical Barriers to Trade
13233:APEC Youth Science Festival
12265:Agreement on Internal Trade
11745:International Monetary Fund
11678:Bureau of Economic Analysis
11572:September 28, 2006, at the
10275:Central Intelligence Agency
9671:Central Intelligence Agency
9496:. FCC. 2017. Archived from
9340:Krieger, Joel, ed. (2001).
8848:"Index of Economic Freedom"
7984:Central Intelligence Agency
7952:International Monetary Fund
7920:International Monetary Fund
7767:International Monetary Fund
7537:
3570:
3030:equals all U.S. exports to
1842:US-led trade war with China
1528:Companies listed on the TSX
1321:
10:
15590:
15298:Economy of North America
14696:Governor general's warrant
13416:International Trade Centre
12671:Credit Institute of Canada
12486:Canada Infrastructure Bank
12201:Canada Exports and Imports
12029:Kealey, Gregory S (1995),
11923:
11910:"Canada: Trade Statistics"
11122:. Nuclear Energy Institute
11028:"Greenhouse gas emissions"
10989:February 22, 2004, at the
10378:(6). MCB UP Ltd: 328–332.
10159:"Inflation-Control Target"
8740:Transparency International
7785:datahelpdesk.worldbank.org
7161:
6946:percentage of labour force
3276:
2986:
2748:
2710:
2623:
2530:
2512:
2309:
2250:Central Canada is home to
1328:Economic history of Canada
1325:
15512:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
15430:
15304:
15230:
15204:
15171:Newfoundland and Labrador
15143:
15045:
14982:
14959:
14901:
14843:
14822:
14714:
14673:
14622:
14580:
14505:
13662:
13616:
13536:
13465:
13429:
13393:
13340:Multinational Enterprises
13332:
13301:
13242:
13205:APEC Business Travel Card
13196:
12931:
12772:
12732:
12689:
12653:
12612:
12549:
12456:
12425:
12412:List of tariffs in Canada
12399:
12353:
12300:Interprovincial migration
12255:
12243:
12093:Pomfret, Richard (1981),
11991:Canadian Economic History
11781:Philip Cross (May 2015),
11214:"National Energy Program"
10384:10.1108/09596110310488177
9919:(Report). July 15, 2015.
9595:The Canadian Encyclopedia
9469:. Routledge. p. 82.
9393:Brown, Charles E (2002).
9311:10.1017/S0008423908080785
8992:10.11575/sppp.v14i1.72311
8665:"U.S.-Canada Trade Facts"
8627:The Canadian Encyclopedia
8599:The Canadian Encyclopedia
8476:Moody's Investors Service
7011:Newfoundland and Labrador
3460:CNOOC Canada Holding Ltd
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3256:overheated housing market
2885:Trans-Pacific Partnership
2600:Newfoundland and Labrador
2508:
2305:
1794:total factor productivity
1782:total factor productivity
1185:foreign direct investment
1165:Index of Economic Freedom
1153:Global Innovation Indexes
1058:
1044:
975:
960:
956:665.7 billion (2017 est.)
952:
948:649.6 billion (2017 est.)
944:
930:
925:
906:
884:
798:
777:
764:
678:
629:
616:
611:
554:
537:
524:
489:
460:
414:
391:
367:
345:
311:
288:
259:
216:
195:
162:
149:
144:
116:
79:
67:
56:
37:
15532:Turks and Caicos Islands
13790:Central African Republic
13421:Chronology of key events
13401:Accession and membership
13387:World Trade Organization
12681:Canadian Labour Congress
12135:Tavidze, Albert (2007),
12049:Levi, Michael A (2009),
10349:. Vancouver: UBC Press.
10288:(Archived 2018 edition.)
9684:(Archived 2007 edition.)
9079:"Employment by Industry"
8698:as of November 2018
8450:"Sovereigns rating list"
8328:World Trade Organization
7997:(Archived 2019 edition.)
7835:Kenworthy, Lane (1999).
7714:
3506:Cia Vale do Rio Doce SA
3273:Mergers and acquisitions
3233:Canadian government debt
3228:Canadian government debt
3187:in 2006 – 2007 and 2019
3114:boundary dispute to the
3096:World Trade Organization
2739:World Trade Organization
2666:greenhouse gas emissions
2265:
2193:Canada has an important
2137:Real Canadian Superstore
2135:(of the United States),
1788:Multifactor productivity
1294:, and other grains. The
1221:research and development
971:, US$ 7.8 billion (2022)
940:−1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
773:US$ 726.1 billion (2023)
625:US$ 717.6 billion (2023)
564:Transportation equipment
273:$ 53,247 (nominal; 2023)
14706:New shoes on budget day
14681:Canadian federal budget
14667:Canadian federal budget
13411:Dispute Settlement Body
10332:"Canada Business Facts"
9243:Edward Elgar Publishing
8852:The Heritage Foundation
8669:Canada's State of Trade
8570:Oxford University Press
8452:. Standard & Poor's
7684:Economy of Saskatchewan
3172:
3120:softwood lumber dispute
1852:During the period that
1713:, and in recent years,
1380:Energy policy of Canada
1237:National Energy Program
1161:The Heritage Foundation
921:$ 1.4 billion (Q3 2021)
417:Human Development Index
15462:British Virgin Islands
13513:Information Technology
13508:Government Procurement
13442:Doha Development Round
12645:Toronto Stock Exchange
12599:National Child Benefit
12438:Minimum wage in Canada
12407:Canadian import duties
12381:Science and technology
10039:Monetary Policy Report
9914:Monetary Policy Report
9395:World Energy Resources
9113:. Wiley. p. 496.
8901:OECD Better Life Index
8879:"Global Wealth Report"
8854:. 2020. Archived from
8622:"Capitalism in Canada"
8594:"Capitalism in Canada"
8352:. The World Bank. 2023
8297:. The World Bank. 2023
3263:total household credit
3224:
3002:
2771:
2769: Free-trade areas
2729:
2688:National Energy Policy
2645:
2278:
2230:
2159:
1895:On July 15, 2015, the
1820:Monetary Policy Report
1778:gross domestic product
1768:Measuring productivity
1189:social security system
1143:. It ranks low in the
1118:Toronto Stock Exchange
383:6.4% (official, 2020;
15569:OECD member economies
15402:Saint Kitts and Nevis
15212:Northwest Territories
15136:province or territory
13820:Republic of the Congo
13644:Supachai Panitchpakdi
13226:APEC Sculpture Garden
12579:Equalization payments
12501:Department of Finance
12290:Free trade agreements
11543:"International Trade"
11324:Global Affairs Canada
11202:on November 17, 2011.
10918:www.world-nuclear.org
10345:Gasher, Mike (2002).
9806:(Report). OECD. 2012.
3603:(in Bil. US$ nominal)
3420:Enbridge Inc-Liquids
3414:Enbridge Income Fund
3328:Nortel Networks Corp
3180:
3000:
2911:Caribbean Community (
2758:
2745:Free-trade agreements
2720:
2713:Agriculture in Canada
2633:
2275:ArcelorMittal Dofasco
2273:
2217:
2149:
2001:Public administration
1977:Finance and insurance
1326:Further information:
1284:agricultural products
1181:housing affordability
1126:market capitalization
1086:tenth-largest economy
989:Standard & Poor's
158:41,012,563 (Q2, 2024)
18:Real estate in Canada
15186:Prince Edward Island
14701:Canadian public debt
14305:United Arab Emirates
13345:Testing of Chemicals
11862:www150.statcan.gc.ca
11335:on February 12, 2017
11329:Government of Canada
10938:on September 7, 2011
10417:. Statistics Canada.
10403:. Statistics Canada.
10318:www150.statcan.gc.ca
10092:, The Globe and Mail
9758:2006 exports/imports
9728:on November 2, 2011.
8040:www150.statcan.gc.ca
8015:. September 17, 2024
7742:www150.statcan.gc.ca
7083:Prince Edward Island
3397:Spectra Energy Corp
3311:Value (in bil. USD)
3185:Inverted yield curve
2227:Greater Toronto Area
2033:Educational services
1917:Chinese stock market
1902:Consumer price index
1867:consumer price index
1640:parliamentary system
1213:petroleum industries
1193:roughly 23.1% of GDP
1135:Canada has a strong
800:Main import partners
680:Main export partners
526:Average gross salary
474:21.34 million (2022)
298:18th (nominal, 2023)
281:$ 59,813 (PPP; 2023)
203:10th (nominal, 2023)
15417:Trinidad and Tobago
15312:Antigua and Barbuda
14686:Minister of Finance
14280:Trinidad and Tobago
14180:St. Kitts and Nevis
13690:Antigua and Barbuda
13624:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
13518:Marrakesh Agreement
13219:APEC Climate Center
12564:Canada Savings Bond
12536:Royal Canadian Mint
12433:Canadian labour law
12069:Lipsey, Richard G;
11889:World's Top Exports
11101:on October 11, 2010
10965:on October 13, 2011
9992:"Opening Statement"
9950:Blake, ed. (2007),
9889:www.bankofcanada.ca
9579:. January 22, 2015.
9185:on January 14, 2017
9147:Our World in Data.
8824:10.34667/tind.46596
8207:. November 11, 2023
7744:. January 31, 2013.
7652:Economy by province
3443:Cenovus Energy Inc
3146:St. Lawrence Seaway
2658:Athabasca oil sands
2639:Athabasca oil sands
2572:electricity markets
2260:Linamar Corporation
2256:Magna International
1921:commodities markets
1871:quantitative easing
1848:Inflation targeting
1830:inflation-targeting
1682:International trade
1542:Economy by province
1302:, aluminum, steel,
1276:Athabasca oil sands
1267:with 51 countries.
1217:around 1.70% of GDP
1151:(14th in 2019) and
1137:cooperative banking
1130:US$ 3 trillion
1097:2.117 trillion
1084:, with the world's
501:5.7% (October 2023)
290:GDP per capita rank
131:High-income economy
81:Trade organizations
34:
15352:Dominican Republic
13850:Dominican Republic
12417:Taxation in Canada
12187:CIA World Factbook
12141:, Gardners Books,
11590:EveryCRSReport.com
10270:The World Factbook
9776:on April 28, 2011.
9666:The World Factbook
9503:on October 3, 2019
9374:. December 3, 2020
9212:Ashgate Publishing
9153:ourworldindata.org
8742:. January 31, 2023
8478:. November 2, 2016
8430:. January 10, 2023
8158:data.worldbank.org
8098:. March 13, 2024.
7979:The World Factbook
7922:. October 10, 2023
7674:Economy of Ontario
7669:Economy of Alberta
3643:(in % of GDP)
3529:Suncor Energy Inc
3225:
3003:
2932:Dominican Republic
2772:
2730:
2723:Yellowhead Highway
2646:
2539:electricity sector
2288:Essar Steel Algoma
2279:
2231:
2164:financial services
2160:
2156:Downtown Vancouver
2152:Financial District
1678:Forbes Global 2000
1651:private enterprise
1088:as of 2023, and a
648:telecommunications
541:Average net salary
184:$ 2.379 trillion (
75:April 1 – March 31
29:
15564:Economy of Canada
15551:
15550:
15545:
15544:
15434:other territories
15264:
15263:
15255:Canada portal
15132:Economy of Canada
15098:
15097:
14836:
14759:
14633:
14632:
14540:
14539:
14501:
14500:
13498:Trade in Services
13452:Quota Elimination
13353:
13352:
13261:
13260:
13253:
12710:
12709:
12625:Montreal Exchange
12559:Transfer payments
12270:Banking in Canada
12237:Economy of Canada
12163:Statistics Canada
12148:978-1-60021-720-3
12128:978-0-8020-9695-1
12108:978-0-415-37976-2
12062:978-0-87609-429-7
11961:978-92-64-08325-7
11454:on April 28, 2011
11436:on June 18, 2006.
11361:on March 12, 2014
11294:Statistics Canada
11060:Electricity Facts
11038:on April 11, 2020
10451:on April 28, 2018
10273:(2024 ed.).
9746:on June 18, 2006.
9669:(2024 ed.).
9476:978-1-317-07042-9
9424:www.cer-rec.gc.ca
9404:978-3-540-42634-9
9353:978-0-19-511739-4
9281:978-1-84376-909-5
9252:978-1-78347-668-8
9221:978-1-4094-9852-0
9120:978-1-118-97933-4
9060:978-0-8020-3448-9
8955:. August 11, 2022
8858:on April 20, 2021
8774:978-1-351-57924-7
8721:978-1-4426-1625-7
8694:"Monthly Reports"
8063:. March 24, 2022.
8013:Statistics Canada
7982:(2024 ed.).
7955:. April 11, 2023.
7893:Statistics Canada
7679:Economy of Quebec
7535:
7534:
7382:
7381:
7155:
7154:
7137:Canada (national)
6948:as of March 2024
6944:Unemployment rate
6934:Unemployment rate
6931:
6930:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3611:(in US$ nominal)
3604:
3596:
3588:
3587:(in Bil. US$ PPP)
3568:
3567:
3552:Teck Cominco Ltd
3503:November 8, 2006
3489:Falconbridge Ltd
3434:November 5, 2008
3365:December 7, 2007
3319:January 26, 2000
3148:, connecting the
3140:agreement during
3020:Ambassador Bridge
2562:of electricity.
2479:
2478:
2240:Statistics Canada
2223:Oakville Assembly
2184:Banking in Canada
2112:
2111:
1655:public enterprise
1632:
1631:
1625:Canada portal
1507:Banking in Canada
1375:Petroleum history
1363:Economic history
1345:Economy of Canada
1288:Canadian Prairies
1245:Investment Canada
1173:disposable income
1092:of approximately
1075:economy of Canada
1071:
1070:
961:Economic aid
369:Population below
16:(Redirected from
15581:
15502:Saint Barthélemy
15432:Dependencies and
15305:Sovereign states
15291:
15284:
15277:
15268:
15267:
15253:
15252:
15251:
15238:
15237:
15156:British Columbia
15125:
15118:
15111:
15102:
15101:
14834:
14757:
14660:
14653:
14646:
14637:
14636:
14628:
14614:
14613:
14612:
14602:
14601:
14600:
14590:
14589:
14588:
14567:
14560:
14553:
14544:
14543:
14532:World portal
14530:
14529:
14351:
14350:
14145:Papua New Guinea
13628:Director-General
13523:Doha Declaration
13447:Singapore issues
13380:
13373:
13366:
13357:
13356:
13288:
13281:
13274:
13265:
13264:
13254:
13247:
13235:
13228:
13221:
13214:
13207:
13189:
13180:
13173:
13166:
13159:
13152:
13145:
13138:
13131:
13124:
13117:
13110:
13103:
13096:
13089:
13082:
13075:
13068:
13061:
13054:
13047:
13040:
13033:
13026:
13019:
13012:
13005:
12998:
12991:
12984:
12977:
12970:
12963:
12956:
12949:
12942:
12924:
12917:
12910:
12903:
12896:
12889:
12882:
12875:
12868:
12866:Papua New Guinea
12861:
12854:
12847:
12840:
12833:
12826:
12819:
12811:
12804:
12797:
12790:
12783:
12759:
12752:
12745:
12736:
12735:
12727:
12724:
12723:
12722:
12714:
12713:
12230:
12223:
12216:
12207:
12206:
12151:
12131:
12111:
12089:
12065:
12045:
12025:
12005:
11984:
11964:
11914:
11913:
11906:
11900:
11899:
11897:
11895:
11880:
11874:
11873:
11871:
11869:
11854:
11848:
11847:
11840:
11834:
11833:
11831:
11829:
11815:
11806:
11805:
11804:
11802:
11796:
11789:
11778:
11772:
11771:
11770:
11768:
11755:
11749:
11748:
11740:
11734:
11733:
11725:
11716:
11715:
11713:
11711:
11696:
11690:
11689:
11687:
11685:
11670:
11664:
11663:
11661:
11659:
11648:
11642:
11641:
11639:
11637:
11626:
11620:
11619:
11617:
11615:
11610:on July 12, 2011
11600:
11594:
11593:
11582:
11576:
11564:
11558:
11557:
11555:
11553:
11539:
11533:
11532:
11530:
11528:
11516:
11510:
11509:
11507:
11505:
11493:
11487:
11486:
11484:
11482:
11473:FTDWebMaster, .
11470:
11464:
11463:
11461:
11459:
11444:
11438:
11437:
11432:. Archived from
11426:
11420:
11419:
11417:
11415:
11400:
11394:
11393:
11391:
11389:
11377:
11371:
11370:
11368:
11366:
11351:
11345:
11344:
11342:
11340:
11315:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11301:
11286:
11280:
11279:
11277:
11275:
11264:
11258:
11257:
11256:
11254:
11239:
11233:
11232:
11231:
11229:
11220:, January 2005,
11210:
11204:
11203:
11201:
11195:. Archived from
11194:
11185:
11179:
11178:
11166:
11160:
11159:
11158:
11156:
11151:on June 12, 2019
11147:, archived from
11138:
11132:
11131:
11129:
11127:
11116:
11110:
11109:
11108:
11106:
11100:
11093:
11082:
11076:
11075:
11074:
11072:
11063:, archived from
11054:
11048:
11047:
11045:
11043:
11024:
11015:
11014:
11012:
11010:
10999:
10993:
10981:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10970:
10954:
10948:
10947:
10945:
10943:
10928:
10922:
10921:
10910:
10904:
10903:
10901:
10894:
10886:
10880:
10879:
10877:
10870:
10862:
10856:
10855:
10853:
10846:
10838:
10832:
10831:
10829:
10822:
10814:
10808:
10807:
10805:
10798:
10790:
10784:
10783:
10781:
10774:
10766:
10760:
10759:
10757:
10750:
10742:
10736:
10735:
10733:
10726:
10718:
10712:
10711:
10709:
10702:
10694:
10688:
10687:
10685:
10678:
10670:
10664:
10663:
10661:
10654:
10646:
10640:
10639:
10637:
10630:
10622:
10616:
10615:
10613:
10606:
10598:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10582:
10574:
10568:
10567:
10565:
10558:
10550:
10544:
10543:
10541:
10534:
10526:
10520:
10519:
10517:
10510:
10502:
10496:
10495:
10493:
10491:
10486:on April 7, 2020
10472:
10461:
10460:
10458:
10456:
10450:
10443:
10431:
10430:
10425:
10419:
10418:
10411:
10405:
10404:
10397:
10388:
10387:
10367:
10361:
10360:
10342:
10336:
10335:
10328:
10322:
10321:
10309:
10303:
10296:
10290:
10285:
10283:
10281:
10261:
10255:
10249:
10238:
10237:
10235:
10233:
10219:
10213:
10212:
10205:
10199:
10198:
10197:. July 12, 2017.
10187:
10181:
10180:
10179:. July 12, 2017.
10169:
10163:
10162:
10155:
10149:
10148:
10147:
10145:
10131:
10125:
10124:
10123:
10121:
10107:
10101:
10100:
10099:
10097:
10083:
10077:
10076:
10075:
10073:
10068:, Bank of Canada
10060:
10051:
10050:
10048:
10046:
10035:
10029:
10028:
10020:
10007:
10006:
10004:
10002:
9987:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9971:
9961:
9955:
9954:
9947:
9936:
9935:
9933:
9931:
9925:
9918:
9910:
9893:
9892:
9885:"Bank of Canada"
9881:
9875:
9874:
9867:
9861:
9860:
9853:
9847:
9846:
9839:
9833:
9832:
9830:
9823:
9815:
9809:
9807:
9800:
9791:
9784:
9778:
9777:
9766:
9760:
9754:
9748:
9747:
9736:
9730:
9729:
9718:
9709:
9708:
9692:
9686:
9681:
9679:
9677:
9657:
9651:
9650:
9648:
9646:
9632:
9626:
9616:
9607:
9606:
9604:
9602:
9587:
9581:
9580:
9577:Industry Insider
9569:
9563:
9562:
9560:
9558:
9544:
9538:
9537:
9535:
9533:
9519:
9513:
9512:
9510:
9508:
9502:
9495:
9487:
9481:
9480:
9460:
9454:
9453:
9451:
9449:
9434:
9428:
9427:
9415:
9409:
9408:
9390:
9384:
9383:
9381:
9379:
9364:
9358:
9357:
9337:
9331:
9330:
9292:
9286:
9285:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9232:
9226:
9225:
9201:
9195:
9194:
9192:
9190:
9181:. Archived from
9170:
9164:
9163:
9161:
9159:
9144:
9138:
9131:
9125:
9124:
9104:
9095:
9094:
9092:
9090:
9075:
9069:
9068:
9044:
9038:
9037:
9009:
9003:
9002:
9000:
8998:
8971:
8965:
8964:
8962:
8960:
8945:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8919:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8893:
8887:
8886:
8874:
8868:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8844:
8838:
8837:
8809:
8803:
8802:
8800:
8798:
8793:
8785:
8779:
8778:
8758:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8747:
8732:
8726:
8725:
8705:
8699:
8697:
8690:
8684:
8680:
8661:
8650:
8649:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8617:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8606:
8590:
8584:
8583:
8559:
8553:
8552:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8530:
8515:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8504:
8494:
8488:
8487:
8485:
8483:
8468:
8462:
8461:
8459:
8457:
8446:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8435:
8418:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8371:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8357:
8346:
8340:
8339:
8337:
8335:
8324:
8316:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8302:
8291:
8285:
8284:
8277:
8271:
8270:
8263:
8257:
8256:
8249:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8238:
8223:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8212:
8197:
8191:
8190:
8188:
8186:
8171:
8162:
8161:
8150:
8144:
8143:
8141:
8139:
8121:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8110:
8104:
8093:
8085:
8079:
8078:
8071:
8065:
8064:
8057:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8046:
8031:
8025:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8005:
7999:
7994:
7992:
7990:
7970:
7957:
7956:
7943:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7927:
7912:
7897:
7896:
7895:. June 19, 2024.
7881:
7875:
7874:
7872:
7850:(3): 1119–1139.
7841:
7832:
7823:
7822:
7809:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7777:
7771:
7770:
7759:
7745:
7729:
7725:
7649:
7648:
7554:
7549:
7548:
7547:
7411:$ 222.0 billion
7392:
7391:
7193:$ 380.4 billion
7174:
7173:
7145:
7144:
7127:
7126:
7109:
7108:
7091:
7090:
7073:
7072:
7055:
7054:
7037:
7036:
7019:
7018:
7001:
7000:
6983:
6982:
6975:British Columbia
6965:
6964:
6938:
6937:
6926:
6925:
6918:
6917:
6910:
6909:
6902:
6901:
6894:
6893:
6886:
6885:
6878:
6877:
6870:
6869:
6857:
6856:
6849:
6848:
6841:
6840:
6833:
6832:
6825:
6824:
6817:
6816:
6809:
6808:
6801:
6800:
6788:
6787:
6780:
6779:
6772:
6771:
6764:
6763:
6756:
6755:
6748:
6747:
6740:
6739:
6732:
6731:
6719:
6718:
6711:
6710:
6703:
6702:
6695:
6694:
6687:
6686:
6679:
6678:
6671:
6670:
6663:
6662:
6650:
6649:
6642:
6641:
6634:
6633:
6626:
6625:
6618:
6617:
6610:
6609:
6602:
6601:
6594:
6593:
6581:
6580:
6573:
6572:
6565:
6564:
6557:
6556:
6549:
6548:
6541:
6540:
6533:
6532:
6525:
6524:
6512:
6511:
6504:
6503:
6496:
6495:
6488:
6487:
6480:
6479:
6472:
6471:
6464:
6463:
6456:
6455:
6443:
6442:
6435:
6434:
6427:
6426:
6419:
6418:
6411:
6410:
6403:
6402:
6395:
6394:
6387:
6386:
6374:
6373:
6366:
6365:
6358:
6357:
6350:
6349:
6342:
6341:
6334:
6333:
6326:
6325:
6318:
6317:
6305:
6304:
6297:
6296:
6289:
6288:
6281:
6280:
6273:
6272:
6265:
6264:
6257:
6256:
6249:
6248:
6236:
6235:
6228:
6227:
6220:
6219:
6212:
6211:
6204:
6203:
6196:
6195:
6188:
6187:
6180:
6179:
6167:
6166:
6159:
6158:
6151:
6150:
6143:
6142:
6135:
6134:
6127:
6126:
6119:
6118:
6111:
6110:
6098:
6097:
6090:
6089:
6082:
6081:
6074:
6073:
6066:
6065:
6058:
6057:
6050:
6049:
6042:
6041:
6029:
6028:
6021:
6020:
6013:
6012:
6005:
6004:
5997:
5996:
5989:
5988:
5981:
5980:
5973:
5972:
5960:
5959:
5952:
5951:
5944:
5943:
5936:
5935:
5928:
5927:
5920:
5919:
5912:
5911:
5904:
5903:
5891:
5890:
5883:
5882:
5875:
5874:
5867:
5866:
5859:
5858:
5851:
5850:
5843:
5842:
5835:
5834:
5822:
5821:
5814:
5813:
5806:
5805:
5798:
5797:
5790:
5789:
5782:
5781:
5774:
5773:
5766:
5765:
5753:
5752:
5745:
5744:
5737:
5736:
5729:
5728:
5721:
5720:
5713:
5712:
5705:
5704:
5697:
5696:
5684:
5683:
5676:
5675:
5668:
5667:
5660:
5659:
5652:
5651:
5644:
5643:
5636:
5635:
5628:
5627:
5615:
5614:
5607:
5606:
5599:
5598:
5591:
5590:
5583:
5582:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5566:
5559:
5558:
5546:
5545:
5538:
5537:
5530:
5529:
5522:
5521:
5514:
5513:
5506:
5505:
5498:
5497:
5490:
5489:
5477:
5476:
5469:
5468:
5461:
5460:
5453:
5452:
5445:
5444:
5437:
5436:
5429:
5428:
5421:
5420:
5408:
5407:
5400:
5399:
5392:
5391:
5384:
5383:
5376:
5375:
5368:
5367:
5360:
5359:
5352:
5351:
5339:
5338:
5331:
5330:
5323:
5322:
5315:
5314:
5307:
5306:
5299:
5298:
5291:
5290:
5283:
5282:
5270:
5269:
5262:
5261:
5254:
5253:
5246:
5245:
5238:
5237:
5230:
5229:
5222:
5221:
5214:
5213:
5201:
5200:
5193:
5192:
5185:
5184:
5177:
5176:
5169:
5168:
5161:
5160:
5153:
5152:
5145:
5144:
5132:
5131:
5124:
5123:
5116:
5115:
5108:
5107:
5100:
5099:
5092:
5091:
5084:
5083:
5076:
5075:
5063:
5062:
5055:
5054:
5047:
5046:
5039:
5038:
5031:
5030:
5023:
5022:
5015:
5014:
5007:
5006:
4994:
4993:
4986:
4985:
4978:
4977:
4970:
4969:
4962:
4961:
4954:
4953:
4946:
4945:
4938:
4937:
4925:
4924:
4917:
4916:
4909:
4908:
4901:
4900:
4893:
4892:
4885:
4884:
4877:
4876:
4869:
4868:
4856:
4855:
4848:
4847:
4840:
4839:
4832:
4831:
4824:
4823:
4816:
4815:
4808:
4807:
4800:
4799:
4787:
4786:
4779:
4778:
4771:
4770:
4763:
4762:
4755:
4754:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4738:
4731:
4730:
4718:
4717:
4710:
4709:
4702:
4701:
4694:
4693:
4686:
4685:
4678:
4677:
4670:
4669:
4662:
4661:
4649:
4648:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4632:
4625:
4624:
4617:
4616:
4609:
4608:
4601:
4600:
4593:
4592:
4580:
4579:
4572:
4571:
4564:
4563:
4556:
4555:
4548:
4547:
4540:
4539:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4523:
4511:
4510:
4503:
4502:
4495:
4494:
4487:
4486:
4479:
4478:
4471:
4470:
4463:
4462:
4455:
4454:
4442:
4441:
4434:
4433:
4426:
4425:
4418:
4417:
4410:
4409:
4402:
4401:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4385:
4373:
4372:
4365:
4364:
4357:
4356:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4340:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4324:
4317:
4316:
4304:
4303:
4296:
4295:
4288:
4287:
4280:
4279:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4255:
4248:
4247:
4235:
4234:
4227:
4226:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4210:
4203:
4202:
4195:
4194:
4187:
4186:
4179:
4178:
4166:
4165:
4158:
4157:
4150:
4149:
4142:
4141:
4134:
4133:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4109:
4097:
4096:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4080:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4056:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4040:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4011:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3995:
3988:
3987:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3971:
3959:
3958:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3934:
3927:
3926:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3902:
3890:
3889:
3882:
3881:
3874:
3873:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3841:
3834:
3833:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3812:
3805:
3804:
3797:
3796:
3789:
3788:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3764:
3752:
3751:
3744:
3743:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3695:
3677:
3676:
3669:
3668:
3642:
3640:Government debt
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3577:
3302:Acquiror nation
3290:
3289:
3267:Fraser Institute
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
2978:Political issues
2957:Andean Community
2768:
2762:
2650:British Columbia
2592:British Columbia
2583:Hydroelectricity
2548:government-owned
2515:Energy in Canada
2330:
2319:
2318:
2312:Mining in Canada
1942:
1941:
1838:Stephen S. Poloz
1674:economic freedom
1644:American economy
1623:
1622:
1621:
1453:Secondary sector
1355:
1332:
1331:
1316:fishing industry
1201:service industry
1169:income disparity
1131:
1124:in the world by
1107:, with a highly
1098:
1079:highly developed
1049:
1048:Foreign reserves
980:
935:
920:
919:
911:
870:
868:
867:
856:
854:
853:
842:
840:
839:
828:
826:
825:
814:
812:
811:
772:
771:
750:
748:
747:
736:
734:
733:
722:
720:
719:
708:
706:
705:
694:
692:
691:
624:
623:
542:
516:
515:
508:
507:
500:
499:
481:
480:
473:
472:
449:
445:
444:
433:
429:
428:
409:
405:
404:
396:
395:Gini coefficient
382:
381:
374:
362:
361:
303:28th (PPP, 2023)
280:
279:
272:
271:
252:
248:
247:
241:
237:
236:
230:3.4% (2022)
229:
228:
208:16th (PPP, 2023)
183:
182:
175:
174:
157:
156:
126:Advanced economy
49:financial centre
42:
35:
33:
28:
21:
15589:
15588:
15584:
15583:
15582:
15580:
15579:
15578:
15554:
15553:
15552:
15547:
15546:
15541:
15435:
15433:
15426:
15300:
15295:
15265:
15260:
15249:
15247:
15226:
15200:
15139:
15129:
15099:
15094:
15041:
14978:
14955:
14897:
14839:
14835:(never adopted)
14818:
14758:(never adopted)
14710:
14669:
14664:
14634:
14629:
14620:
14610:
14608:
14598:
14596:
14586:
14584:
14576:
14571:
14541:
14536:
14524:
14497:
14349:
14225:Solomon Islands
14120:North Macedonia
13658:
13634:Roberto Azevêdo
13612:
13539:
13532:
13461:
13425:
13389:
13384:
13354:
13349:
13328:
13297:
13292:
13262:
13257:
13246:
13238:
13231:
13224:
13217:
13210:
13203:
13192:
13183:
13176:
13169:
13162:
13155:
13148:
13141:
13134:
13127:
13120:
13113:
13106:
13099:
13092:
13085:
13078:
13071:
13064:
13057:
13050:
13043:
13036:
13029:
13022:
13015:
13008:
13001:
12994:
12987:
12980:
12973:
12966:
12959:
12952:
12945:
12938:
12927:
12920:
12913:
12906:
12899:
12892:
12885:
12878:
12871:
12864:
12857:
12850:
12843:
12836:
12829:
12822:
12814:
12807:
12800:
12793:
12786:
12779:
12768:
12763:
12728:
12725:
12720:
12718:
12711:
12706:
12685:
12649:
12608:
12604:National Policy
12551:
12545:
12496:CPP Investments
12458:
12452:
12421:
12395:
12349:
12345:Social programs
12295:Great Recession
12257:
12251:
12248:Canadian dollar
12239:
12234:
12159:
12154:
12149:
12129:
12109:
12087:
12063:
12043:
12023:
12002:
11982:
11962:
11946:
11939:Wallace, Iain,
11928:
11922:
11920:Further reading
11917:
11908:
11907:
11903:
11893:
11891:
11881:
11877:
11867:
11865:
11856:
11855:
11851:
11842:
11841:
11837:
11827:
11825:
11817:
11816:
11809:
11800:
11798:
11794:
11787:
11779:
11775:
11766:
11764:
11756:
11752:
11747:, March 9, 2015
11742:
11741:
11737:
11726:
11719:
11709:
11707:
11698:
11697:
11693:
11683:
11681:
11680:. July 24, 2019
11672:
11671:
11667:
11657:
11655:
11650:
11649:
11645:
11635:
11633:
11628:
11627:
11623:
11613:
11611:
11602:
11601:
11597:
11584:
11583:
11579:
11574:Wayback Machine
11565:
11561:
11551:
11549:
11541:
11540:
11536:
11526:
11524:
11517:
11513:
11503:
11501:
11494:
11490:
11480:
11478:
11471:
11467:
11457:
11455:
11446:
11445:
11441:
11428:
11427:
11423:
11413:
11411:
11410:on May 28, 2008
11402:
11401:
11397:
11387:
11385:
11378:
11374:
11364:
11362:
11353:
11352:
11348:
11338:
11336:
11317:
11316:
11309:
11299:
11297:
11296:. July 30, 2019
11288:
11287:
11283:
11273:
11271:
11266:
11265:
11261:
11252:
11250:
11240:
11236:
11227:
11225:
11212:
11211:
11207:
11199:
11192:
11186:
11182:
11167:
11163:
11154:
11152:
11139:
11135:
11125:
11123:
11118:
11117:
11113:
11104:
11102:
11098:
11091:
11083:
11079:
11070:
11068:
11055:
11051:
11041:
11039:
11026:
11025:
11018:
11008:
11006:
11001:
11000:
10996:
10991:Wayback Machine
10982:
10978:
10968:
10966:
10955:
10951:
10941:
10939:
10930:
10929:
10925:
10912:
10911:
10907:
10899:
10892:
10888:
10887:
10883:
10875:
10868:
10864:
10863:
10859:
10851:
10844:
10840:
10839:
10835:
10827:
10820:
10816:
10815:
10811:
10803:
10796:
10792:
10791:
10787:
10779:
10772:
10768:
10767:
10763:
10755:
10748:
10744:
10743:
10739:
10731:
10724:
10720:
10719:
10715:
10707:
10700:
10696:
10695:
10691:
10683:
10676:
10672:
10671:
10667:
10659:
10652:
10648:
10647:
10643:
10635:
10628:
10624:
10623:
10619:
10611:
10604:
10600:
10599:
10595:
10587:
10580:
10576:
10575:
10571:
10563:
10556:
10552:
10551:
10547:
10539:
10532:
10528:
10527:
10523:
10515:
10508:
10504:
10503:
10499:
10489:
10487:
10474:
10473:
10464:
10454:
10452:
10448:
10441:
10437:
10428:
10426:
10422:
10413:
10412:
10408:
10399:
10398:
10391:
10368:
10364:
10357:
10343:
10339:
10330:
10329:
10325:
10310:
10306:
10298:Wallace, Iain,
10297:
10293:
10279:
10277:
10263:
10262:
10258:
10250:
10241:
10231:
10229:
10221:
10220:
10216:
10207:
10206:
10202:
10189:
10188:
10184:
10171:
10170:
10166:
10157:
10156:
10152:
10143:
10141:
10132:
10128:
10119:
10117:
10108:
10104:
10095:
10093:
10084:
10080:
10071:
10069:
10062:
10061:
10054:
10044:
10042:
10037:
10036:
10032:
10021:
10010:
10000:
9998:
9988:
9984:
9976:
9969:
9963:
9962:
9958:
9948:
9939:
9929:
9927:
9923:
9916:
9912:
9911:
9896:
9883:
9882:
9878:
9869:
9868:
9864:
9855:
9854:
9850:
9841:
9840:
9836:
9828:
9821:
9817:
9816:
9812:
9802:
9801:
9794:
9785:
9781:
9768:
9767:
9763:
9755:
9751:
9738:
9737:
9733:
9720:
9719:
9712:
9694:
9693:
9689:
9675:
9673:
9659:
9658:
9654:
9644:
9642:
9634:
9633:
9629:
9617:
9610:
9600:
9598:
9597:. March 4, 2015
9589:
9588:
9584:
9571:
9570:
9566:
9556:
9554:
9546:
9545:
9541:
9531:
9529:
9521:
9520:
9516:
9506:
9504:
9500:
9493:
9489:
9488:
9484:
9477:
9461:
9457:
9447:
9445:
9435:
9431:
9416:
9412:
9405:
9391:
9387:
9377:
9375:
9366:
9365:
9361:
9354:
9338:
9334:
9293:
9289:
9282:
9264:
9260:
9253:
9233:
9229:
9222:
9202:
9198:
9188:
9186:
9171:
9167:
9157:
9155:
9145:
9141:
9132:
9128:
9121:
9105:
9098:
9088:
9086:
9085:on May 24, 2011
9077:
9076:
9072:
9061:
9045:
9041:
9026:10.2307/3088901
9010:
9006:
8996:
8994:
8972:
8968:
8958:
8956:
8947:
8946:
8939:
8929:
8927:
8926:. Data.oecd.org
8920:
8916:
8906:
8904:
8895:
8894:
8890:
8875:
8871:
8861:
8859:
8846:
8845:
8841:
8834:
8810:
8806:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8787:
8786:
8782:
8775:
8759:
8755:
8745:
8743:
8734:
8733:
8729:
8722:
8706:
8702:
8692:
8691:
8687:
8663:
8662:
8653:
8640:
8639:
8635:
8618:
8614:
8604:
8602:
8592:
8591:
8587:
8580:
8572:. p. 570.
8560:
8556:
8543:
8542:
8538:
8528:
8526:
8517:
8516:
8512:
8502:
8500:
8496:
8495:
8491:
8481:
8479:
8470:
8469:
8465:
8455:
8453:
8448:
8447:
8443:
8433:
8431:
8420:
8419:
8415:
8405:
8403:
8402:. Statcan.gc.ca
8398:
8397:
8393:
8383:
8381:
8373:
8372:
8365:
8355:
8353:
8348:
8347:
8343:
8333:
8331:
8322:
8318:
8317:
8310:
8300:
8298:
8293:
8292:
8288:
8279:
8278:
8274:
8265:
8264:
8260:
8251:
8250:
8246:
8236:
8234:
8225:
8224:
8220:
8210:
8208:
8199:
8198:
8194:
8184:
8182:
8173:
8172:
8165:
8152:
8151:
8147:
8137:
8135:
8123:
8122:
8118:
8108:
8106:
8102:
8091:
8087:
8086:
8082:
8077:. July 8, 2015.
8073:
8072:
8068:
8059:
8058:
8054:
8044:
8042:
8032:
8028:
8018:
8016:
8007:
8006:
8002:
7988:
7986:
7972:
7971:
7960:
7945:
7944:
7935:
7925:
7923:
7914:
7913:
7900:
7883:
7882:
7878:
7870:
7856:10.2307/3005973
7839:
7833:
7826:
7811:
7810:
7803:
7793:
7791:
7779:
7778:
7774:
7761:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7726:
7722:
7717:
7655:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7644:
7637:
7630:
7623:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7594:
7587:
7580:
7573:
7566:
7550:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7463:$ 13.5 billion
7450:$ 13.8 billion
7437:$ 27.4 billion
7424:$ 54.7 billion
7387:
7362:$ 2.35 billion
7232:$ 11.5 billion
7219:$ 12.9 billion
7166:
7160:
6947:
6945:
6936:
3624:Inflation rate
3608:GDP per capita
3592:GDP per capita
3573:
3526:March 23, 2009
3411:March 12, 2014
3351:Seagram Co Ltd
3296:Date announced
3281:
3275:
3241:
3230:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3175:
3127:illegal fishing
2991:
2985:
2980:
2900:
2870:
2777:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2747:
2715:
2709:
2628:
2622:
2535:
2529:
2517:
2511:
2314:
2308:
2268:
2245:Great Recession
2212:
2199:Media in Canada
2117:
2009:Wholesale trade
1937:
1885:Great Recession
1850:
1822:
1810:
1790:
1770:
1715:crude petroleum
1619:
1617:
1610:
1609:
1583:
1582:Economy by city
1575:
1574:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1512:Stock exchanges
1476:Social programs
1469:Tertiary sector
1400:
1390:
1389:
1385:Canadian dollar
1370:Banking history
1365:
1330:
1324:
1263:). As of 2023,
1207:, of which the
1157:Western nations
1129:
1105:trading nations
1093:
1067:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1036:Outlook: Stable
1021:
1018:Outlook: Stable
1003:
1000:Outlook: Stable
982:
978:
937:
933:
926:Public finances
913:
910:Current account
909:
902:
890:
880:
865:
863:
851:
849:
837:
835:
823:
821:
809:
807:
801:
780:
760:
745:
743:
731:
729:
717:
715:
703:
701:
689:
687:
681:
672:crude petroleum
632:
607:
557:
556:Main industries
544:
540:
527:
520:
485:
463:
456:
447:
431:
419:
410:(2020, StatCan)
407:
398:
394:
375:
370:
355:
341:
314:
307:
291:
284:
262:
255:
219:
212:
191:
140:
119:
82:
72:
61:Canadian dollar
52:
31:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15587:
15577:
15576:
15571:
15566:
15549:
15548:
15543:
15542:
15540:
15539:
15534:
15529:
15524:
15522:Sint Eustatius
15519:
15514:
15509:
15504:
15499:
15494:
15489:
15484:
15479:
15474:
15469:
15467:Cayman Islands
15464:
15459:
15454:
15449:
15444:
15438:
15436:
15431:
15428:
15427:
15425:
15424:
15419:
15414:
15409:
15404:
15399:
15394:
15389:
15384:
15379:
15374:
15369:
15364:
15359:
15354:
15349:
15344:
15339:
15334:
15329:
15324:
15319:
15314:
15308:
15306:
15302:
15301:
15294:
15293:
15286:
15279:
15271:
15262:
15261:
15259:
15258:
15244:
15231:
15228:
15227:
15225:
15224:
15219:
15214:
15208:
15206:
15202:
15201:
15199:
15198:
15193:
15188:
15183:
15178:
15173:
15168:
15163:
15158:
15153:
15147:
15145:
15141:
15140:
15128:
15127:
15120:
15113:
15105:
15096:
15095:
15093:
15092:
15087:
15082:
15077:
15072:
15067:
15062:
15057:
15051:
15049:
15047:Justin Trudeau
15043:
15042:
15040:
15039:
15034:
15029:
15024:
15019:
15014:
15009:
15004:
14999:
14994:
14988:
14986:
14984:Stephen Harper
14980:
14979:
14977:
14976:
14971:
14965:
14963:
14957:
14956:
14954:
14953:
14948:
14943:
14938:
14933:
14928:
14923:
14918:
14913:
14907:
14905:
14899:
14898:
14896:
14895:
14890:
14885:
14880:
14875:
14870:
14865:
14860:
14855:
14849:
14847:
14845:Brian Mulroney
14841:
14840:
14838:
14837:
14828:
14826:
14820:
14819:
14817:
14816:
14811:
14806:
14801:
14796:
14791:
14780:
14775:
14770:
14765:
14751:
14746:
14741:
14736:
14731:
14726:
14720:
14718:
14716:Pierre Trudeau
14712:
14711:
14709:
14708:
14703:
14698:
14693:
14688:
14683:
14677:
14675:
14671:
14670:
14663:
14662:
14655:
14648:
14640:
14631:
14630:
14623:
14621:
14619:
14618:
14606:
14594:
14581:
14578:
14577:
14570:
14569:
14562:
14555:
14547:
14538:
14537:
14521:
14520:
14513:
14506:
14503:
14502:
14499:
14498:
14496:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14450:
14445:
14440:
14435:
14430:
14425:
14420:
14415:
14410:
14405:
14400:
14395:
14390:
14388:Czech Republic
14385:
14380:
14375:
14370:
14365:
14359:
14357:
14355:European Union
14348:
14347:
14342:
14337:
14332:
14327:
14322:
14317:
14312:
14310:United Kingdom
14307:
14302:
14297:
14292:
14287:
14282:
14277:
14272:
14267:
14262:
14257:
14252:
14247:
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14232:
14227:
14222:
14217:
14212:
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14197:
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14187:
14182:
14177:
14172:
14167:
14162:
14157:
14152:
14147:
14142:
14137:
14132:
14127:
14122:
14117:
14112:
14107:
14102:
14097:
14092:
14087:
14082:
14077:
14072:
14067:
14062:
14057:
14052:
14047:
14042:
14037:
14032:
14027:
14022:
14017:
14012:
14007:
14002:
13997:
13992:
13987:
13982:
13977:
13972:
13967:
13962:
13957:
13952:
13947:
13942:
13937:
13932:
13927:
13922:
13917:
13912:
13907:
13902:
13897:
13892:
13887:
13882:
13877:
13872:
13867:
13862:
13857:
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13842:
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13827:
13822:
13817:
13812:
13807:
13802:
13797:
13792:
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13772:
13767:
13762:
13757:
13752:
13747:
13742:
13737:
13732:
13727:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13707:
13702:
13697:
13692:
13687:
13682:
13677:
13672:
13666:
13664:
13660:
13659:
13657:
13656:
13651:
13649:Alejandro Jara
13646:
13641:
13636:
13631:
13620:
13618:
13614:
13613:
13611:
13610:
13605:
13600:
13595:
13590:
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13565:
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13555:
13550:
13544:
13542:
13534:
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13525:
13520:
13515:
13510:
13505:
13500:
13495:
13490:
13485:
13480:
13475:
13469:
13467:
13463:
13462:
13460:
13459:
13454:
13449:
13444:
13439:
13433:
13431:
13427:
13426:
13424:
13423:
13418:
13413:
13408:
13406:Appellate Body
13403:
13397:
13395:
13391:
13390:
13383:
13382:
13375:
13368:
13360:
13351:
13350:
13348:
13347:
13342:
13336:
13334:
13330:
13329:
13327:
13326:
13321:
13316:
13311:
13305:
13303:
13299:
13298:
13291:
13290:
13283:
13276:
13268:
13259:
13258:
13256:
13255:
13243:
13240:
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13229:
13222:
13215:
13208:
13200:
13198:
13194:
13193:
13191:
13190:
13181:
13174:
13167:
13160:
13153:
13146:
13139:
13132:
13125:
13118:
13111:
13104:
13097:
13090:
13083:
13076:
13069:
13062:
13055:
13048:
13041:
13034:
13027:
13020:
13013:
13006:
12999:
12992:
12985:
12978:
12971:
12964:
12957:
12950:
12943:
12935:
12933:
12929:
12928:
12926:
12925:
12918:
12911:
12904:
12897:
12890:
12883:
12876:
12869:
12862:
12855:
12848:
12841:
12834:
12827:
12820:
12812:
12805:
12798:
12791:
12784:
12776:
12774:
12770:
12769:
12762:
12761:
12754:
12747:
12739:
12733:
12730:
12729:
12708:
12707:
12705:
12704:
12699:
12693:
12691:
12687:
12686:
12684:
12683:
12678:
12673:
12668:
12663:
12657:
12655:
12651:
12650:
12648:
12647:
12642:
12640:S&P/TSX 60
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12616:
12614:
12610:
12609:
12607:
12606:
12601:
12596:
12591:
12586:
12581:
12576:
12571:
12569:Carbon pricing
12566:
12561:
12555:
12553:
12547:
12546:
12544:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12471:Bank of Canada
12468:
12462:
12460:
12454:
12453:
12451:
12450:
12445:
12440:
12435:
12429:
12427:
12423:
12422:
12420:
12419:
12414:
12409:
12403:
12401:
12397:
12396:
12394:
12393:
12391:Transportation
12388:
12383:
12378:
12373:
12368:
12366:Communications
12363:
12357:
12355:
12351:
12350:
12348:
12347:
12342:
12337:
12332:
12327:
12322:
12317:
12312:
12307:
12305:Land ownership
12302:
12297:
12292:
12287:
12282:
12277:
12272:
12267:
12261:
12259:
12253:
12252:
12244:
12241:
12240:
12233:
12232:
12225:
12218:
12210:
12204:
12203:
12198:
12196:The World Bank
12192:Canada profile
12189:
12183:Canada profile
12180:
12175:
12173:Bank of Canada
12170:
12165:
12158:
12157:External links
12155:
12153:
12152:
12147:
12132:
12127:
12112:
12107:
12090:
12085:
12071:Alice Nakamura
12066:
12061:
12046:
12041:
12026:
12021:
12006:
12000:
11985:
11980:
11965:
11960:
11944:
11937:
11929:
11924:Main article:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11915:
11901:
11875:
11849:
11835:
11823:IMAA-Institute
11807:
11773:
11750:
11735:
11717:
11706:on May 2, 2010
11691:
11665:
11643:
11621:
11595:
11592:. May 5, 2009.
11577:
11559:
11547:www.census.gov
11534:
11511:
11488:
11465:
11439:
11421:
11395:
11372:
11346:
11307:
11281:
11259:
11234:
11205:
11180:
11161:
11133:
11111:
11077:
11067:on May 1, 2019
11049:
11016:
10994:
10976:
10949:
10923:
10905:
10881:
10857:
10833:
10809:
10785:
10761:
10737:
10713:
10689:
10665:
10641:
10617:
10593:
10569:
10545:
10521:
10497:
10462:
10420:
10406:
10389:
10362:
10356:978-0774809689
10355:
10337:
10323:
10304:
10291:
10256:
10239:
10214:
10200:
10182:
10164:
10150:
10126:
10102:
10078:
10052:
10030:
10008:
9996:Bank of Canada
9982:
9956:
9937:
9894:
9876:
9862:
9848:
9834:
9810:
9792:
9779:
9761:
9749:
9731:
9710:
9687:
9652:
9627:
9608:
9582:
9564:
9539:
9514:
9482:
9475:
9455:
9429:
9410:
9403:
9385:
9359:
9352:
9332:
9305:(3): 719–747.
9287:
9280:
9258:
9251:
9245:. p. 96.
9227:
9220:
9214:. p. 38.
9196:
9165:
9139:
9126:
9119:
9096:
9070:
9059:
9039:
9004:
8966:
8937:
8914:
8888:
8869:
8839:
8832:
8804:
8780:
8773:
8753:
8727:
8720:
8700:
8685:
8651:
8633:
8612:
8585:
8578:
8554:
8536:
8525:. July 4, 2024
8510:
8489:
8463:
8441:
8413:
8391:
8363:
8341:
8308:
8286:
8272:
8258:
8244:
8218:
8192:
8163:
8145:
8116:
8080:
8066:
8052:
8026:
8000:
7958:
7933:
7898:
7876:
7824:
7801:
7772:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7747:
7746:
7731:
7730:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7712:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7651:
7638:
7631:
7624:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7595:
7588:
7581:
7574:
7567:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7539:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7529:
7528:$ 3.9 billion
7526:
7520:
7519:
7516:
7515:$ 4.8 billion
7513:
7507:
7506:
7503:
7502:$ 6.3 billion
7500:
7494:
7493:
7490:
7489:$ 6.7 billion
7487:
7481:
7480:
7477:
7476:$ 6.9 billion
7474:
7472:United Kingdom
7468:
7467:
7464:
7461:
7455:
7454:
7451:
7448:
7442:
7441:
7438:
7435:
7429:
7428:
7425:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7412:
7409:
7403:
7402:
7399:
7396:
7386:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7375:$ 2.1 billion
7373:
7367:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7354:
7353:
7350:
7349:$ 1.6 billion
7347:
7341:
7340:
7337:
7336:$ 2.5 billion
7334:
7328:
7327:
7324:
7323:$ 2.8 billion
7321:
7315:
7314:
7311:
7310:$ 3.0 billion
7308:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7297:$ 3.2 billion
7295:
7289:
7288:
7285:
7284:$ 3.8 billion
7282:
7276:
7275:
7272:
7271:$ 4.5 billion
7269:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7258:$ 5.5 billion
7256:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7245:$ 6.5 billion
7243:
7237:
7236:
7233:
7230:
7224:
7223:
7220:
7217:
7215:United Kingdom
7211:
7210:
7207:
7204:
7198:
7197:
7194:
7191:
7185:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7147:
7139:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7121:
7115:
7114:
7111:
7103:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7085:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7057:
7049:
7043:
7042:
7039:
7031:
7025:
7024:
7021:
7013:
7007:
7006:
7003:
6995:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6977:
6971:
6970:
6967:
6959:
6953:
6952:
6949:
6942:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6920:
6912:
6904:
6896:
6888:
6880:
6872:
6864:
6860:
6859:
6851:
6843:
6835:
6827:
6819:
6811:
6803:
6795:
6791:
6790:
6782:
6774:
6766:
6758:
6750:
6742:
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6726:
6722:
6721:
6713:
6705:
6697:
6689:
6681:
6673:
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6644:
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6628:
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6612:
6604:
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6405:
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6360:
6352:
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6320:
6312:
6308:
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6299:
6291:
6283:
6275:
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6259:
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6243:
6239:
6238:
6230:
6222:
6214:
6206:
6198:
6190:
6182:
6174:
6170:
6169:
6161:
6153:
6145:
6137:
6129:
6121:
6113:
6105:
6101:
6100:
6092:
6084:
6076:
6068:
6060:
6052:
6044:
6036:
6032:
6031:
6023:
6015:
6007:
5999:
5991:
5983:
5975:
5967:
5963:
5962:
5954:
5946:
5938:
5930:
5922:
5914:
5906:
5898:
5894:
5893:
5885:
5877:
5869:
5861:
5853:
5845:
5837:
5829:
5825:
5824:
5816:
5808:
5800:
5792:
5784:
5776:
5768:
5760:
5756:
5755:
5747:
5739:
5731:
5723:
5715:
5707:
5699:
5691:
5687:
5686:
5678:
5670:
5662:
5654:
5646:
5638:
5630:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5609:
5601:
5593:
5585:
5577:
5569:
5561:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5540:
5532:
5524:
5516:
5508:
5500:
5492:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5471:
5463:
5455:
5447:
5439:
5431:
5423:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5402:
5394:
5386:
5378:
5370:
5362:
5354:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5333:
5325:
5317:
5309:
5301:
5293:
5285:
5277:
5273:
5272:
5264:
5256:
5248:
5240:
5232:
5224:
5216:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5195:
5187:
5179:
5171:
5163:
5155:
5147:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5126:
5118:
5110:
5102:
5094:
5086:
5078:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5057:
5049:
5041:
5033:
5025:
5017:
5009:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4988:
4980:
4972:
4964:
4956:
4948:
4940:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4919:
4911:
4903:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4871:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4850:
4842:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4810:
4802:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4781:
4773:
4765:
4757:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4688:
4680:
4672:
4664:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4574:
4566:
4558:
4550:
4542:
4534:
4526:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4505:
4497:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4367:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4022:
4014:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3549:July 29, 2008
3547:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3457:July 23, 2012
3455:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:United States
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3342:June 20, 2000
3340:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3308:Target nation
3306:
3303:
3300:
3299:Acquiror name
3297:
3294:
3274:
3271:
3252:mortgage loans
3244:Household debt
3240:
3239:Household debt
3237:
3229:
3226:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3171:
3154:Atlantic Ocean
3131:Pacific Salmon
3012:European Union
2987:Main article:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2968:
2961:
2960:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2916:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2773:
2765:
2759:
2749:Main article:
2746:
2743:
2711:Main article:
2708:
2705:
2693:Brian Mulroney
2673:Western Canada
2621:
2618:
2531:Main article:
2528:
2525:
2513:Main article:
2510:
2507:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2310:Main article:
2307:
2304:
2300:heavy industry
2267:
2264:
2211:
2208:
2129:big-box stores
2125:shopping malls
2116:
2115:Service sector
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1936:
1935:Key industries
1933:
1909:Stephen Harper
1897:Bank of Canada
1883:Following the
1863:Michael Wilson
1849:
1846:
1826:Bank of Canada
1821:
1818:
1814:Bank of Canada
1809:
1808:Bank of Canada
1806:
1789:
1786:
1769:
1766:
1735:pulp and paper
1659:social welfare
1630:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1414:
1407:
1405:Primary sector
1401:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1323:
1320:
1239:(NEP) and the
1205:primary sector
1069:
1068:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
992:
985:
983:
976:
973:
972:
962:
958:
957:
954:
950:
949:
946:
942:
941:
938:
934:Budget balance
931:
928:
927:
923:
922:
914:
907:
904:
903:
901:
900:
897:
893:
891:
885:
882:
881:
879:
878:
875:
861:
847:
844:European Union
833:
819:
804:
802:
799:
796:
795:
793:consumer goods
781:
778:
775:
774:
766:
762:
761:
759:
758:
755:
741:
738:United Kingdom
727:
713:
710:European Union
699:
684:
682:
679:
676:
675:
636:motor vehicles
633:
630:
627:
626:
618:
614:
613:
609:
608:
606:
605:
600:
595:
590:
581:
576:
571:
566:
560:
558:
555:
552:
551:
545:
538:
535:
534:
528:
525:
522:
521:
519:
518:
510:
502:
493:
491:
487:
486:
484:
483:
475:
466:
464:
461:
458:
457:
455:
454:
439:
422:
420:
415:
412:
411:
399:
392:
389:
388:
376:
368:
365:
364:
356:
346:
343:
342:
340:
339:
336:
330:
324:
317:
315:
312:
309:
308:
306:
305:
300:
294:
292:
289:
286:
285:
283:
282:
274:
265:
263:
261:GDP per capita
260:
257:
256:
254:
253:
242:
231:
222:
220:
217:
214:
213:
211:
210:
205:
199:
197:
193:
192:
190:
189:
177:
168:
166:
160:
159:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
139:
138:
133:
128:
122:
120:
117:
114:
113:
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
68:
65:
64:
58:
54:
53:
43:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15586:
15575:
15572:
15570:
15567:
15565:
15562:
15561:
15559:
15538:
15535:
15533:
15530:
15528:
15525:
15523:
15520:
15518:
15515:
15513:
15510:
15508:
15505:
15503:
15500:
15498:
15495:
15493:
15490:
15488:
15485:
15483:
15480:
15478:
15475:
15473:
15470:
15468:
15465:
15463:
15460:
15458:
15455:
15453:
15450:
15448:
15445:
15443:
15440:
15439:
15437:
15429:
15423:
15422:United States
15420:
15418:
15415:
15413:
15410:
15408:
15405:
15403:
15400:
15398:
15395:
15393:
15390:
15388:
15385:
15383:
15380:
15378:
15375:
15373:
15370:
15368:
15365:
15363:
15360:
15358:
15355:
15353:
15350:
15348:
15345:
15343:
15340:
15338:
15335:
15333:
15330:
15328:
15325:
15323:
15320:
15318:
15315:
15313:
15310:
15309:
15307:
15303:
15299:
15292:
15287:
15285:
15280:
15278:
15273:
15272:
15269:
15257:
15256:
15245:
15243:
15242:
15233:
15232:
15229:
15223:
15220:
15218:
15215:
15213:
15210:
15209:
15207:
15203:
15197:
15194:
15192:
15189:
15187:
15184:
15182:
15179:
15177:
15174:
15172:
15169:
15167:
15166:New Brunswick
15164:
15162:
15159:
15157:
15154:
15152:
15149:
15148:
15146:
15142:
15137:
15133:
15126:
15121:
15119:
15114:
15112:
15107:
15106:
15103:
15091:
15088:
15086:
15083:
15081:
15078:
15076:
15073:
15071:
15068:
15066:
15063:
15061:
15058:
15056:
15053:
15052:
15050:
15048:
15044:
15038:
15035:
15033:
15030:
15028:
15025:
15023:
15020:
15018:
15015:
15013:
15010:
15008:
15005:
15003:
15000:
14998:
14995:
14993:
14990:
14989:
14987:
14985:
14981:
14975:
14972:
14970:
14967:
14966:
14964:
14962:
14958:
14952:
14949:
14947:
14944:
14942:
14939:
14937:
14934:
14932:
14929:
14927:
14924:
14922:
14919:
14917:
14914:
14912:
14909:
14908:
14906:
14904:
14903:Jean Chrétien
14900:
14894:
14891:
14889:
14886:
14884:
14881:
14879:
14876:
14874:
14871:
14869:
14866:
14864:
14861:
14859:
14856:
14854:
14851:
14850:
14848:
14846:
14842:
14833:
14830:
14829:
14827:
14825:
14821:
14815:
14812:
14810:
14807:
14805:
14802:
14800:
14797:
14795:
14792:
14789:
14785:
14781:
14779:
14776:
14774:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14763:
14756:
14752:
14750:
14747:
14745:
14742:
14740:
14737:
14735:
14732:
14730:
14727:
14725:
14722:
14721:
14719:
14717:
14713:
14707:
14704:
14702:
14699:
14697:
14694:
14692:
14689:
14687:
14684:
14682:
14679:
14678:
14676:
14672:
14668:
14661:
14656:
14654:
14649:
14647:
14642:
14641:
14638:
14627:
14617:
14616:United States
14607:
14605:
14595:
14593:
14583:
14582:
14579:
14575:
14568:
14563:
14561:
14556:
14554:
14549:
14548:
14545:
14535:
14534:
14533:
14528:
14518:
14514:
14511:
14508:
14507:
14504:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14446:
14444:
14441:
14439:
14436:
14434:
14431:
14429:
14426:
14424:
14421:
14419:
14416:
14414:
14411:
14409:
14406:
14404:
14401:
14399:
14396:
14394:
14391:
14389:
14386:
14384:
14381:
14379:
14376:
14374:
14371:
14369:
14366:
14364:
14361:
14360:
14358:
14356:
14352:
14346:
14343:
14341:
14338:
14336:
14333:
14331:
14328:
14326:
14323:
14321:
14318:
14316:
14315:United States
14313:
14311:
14308:
14306:
14303:
14301:
14298:
14296:
14293:
14291:
14288:
14286:
14283:
14281:
14278:
14276:
14273:
14271:
14268:
14266:
14263:
14261:
14258:
14256:
14253:
14251:
14248:
14246:
14243:
14241:
14238:
14236:
14233:
14231:
14228:
14226:
14223:
14221:
14218:
14216:
14213:
14211:
14208:
14206:
14203:
14201:
14198:
14196:
14193:
14191:
14188:
14186:
14183:
14181:
14178:
14176:
14173:
14171:
14168:
14166:
14163:
14161:
14158:
14156:
14153:
14151:
14148:
14146:
14143:
14141:
14138:
14136:
14133:
14131:
14128:
14126:
14123:
14121:
14118:
14116:
14113:
14111:
14108:
14106:
14103:
14101:
14098:
14096:
14093:
14091:
14088:
14086:
14083:
14081:
14078:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14068:
14066:
14063:
14061:
14058:
14056:
14053:
14051:
14048:
14046:
14043:
14041:
14038:
14036:
14033:
14031:
14028:
14026:
14023:
14021:
14018:
14016:
14015:Liechtenstein
14013:
14011:
14008:
14006:
14003:
14001:
13998:
13996:
13993:
13991:
13988:
13986:
13983:
13981:
13978:
13976:
13973:
13971:
13968:
13966:
13963:
13961:
13958:
13956:
13953:
13951:
13948:
13946:
13943:
13941:
13938:
13936:
13933:
13931:
13928:
13926:
13923:
13921:
13918:
13916:
13915:Guinea-Bissau
13913:
13911:
13908:
13906:
13903:
13901:
13898:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13886:
13883:
13881:
13878:
13876:
13873:
13871:
13868:
13866:
13863:
13861:
13858:
13856:
13853:
13851:
13848:
13846:
13843:
13841:
13838:
13836:
13833:
13831:
13828:
13826:
13823:
13821:
13818:
13816:
13813:
13811:
13808:
13806:
13803:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13791:
13788:
13786:
13783:
13781:
13778:
13776:
13773:
13771:
13768:
13766:
13763:
13761:
13758:
13756:
13753:
13751:
13748:
13746:
13743:
13741:
13738:
13736:
13733:
13731:
13728:
13726:
13723:
13721:
13718:
13716:
13713:
13711:
13708:
13706:
13703:
13701:
13698:
13696:
13693:
13691:
13688:
13686:
13683:
13681:
13678:
13676:
13673:
13671:
13668:
13667:
13665:
13661:
13655:
13652:
13650:
13647:
13645:
13642:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13629:
13625:
13622:
13621:
13619:
13615:
13609:
13606:
13604:
13601:
13599:
13596:
13594:
13591:
13589:
13586:
13584:
13581:
13579:
13576:
13574:
13571:
13569:
13566:
13564:
13561:
13559:
13556:
13554:
13551:
13549:
13546:
13545:
13543:
13541:
13535:
13529:
13526:
13524:
13521:
13519:
13516:
13514:
13511:
13509:
13506:
13504:
13501:
13499:
13496:
13494:
13491:
13489:
13486:
13484:
13481:
13479:
13476:
13474:
13471:
13470:
13468:
13464:
13458:
13455:
13453:
13450:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13440:
13438:
13435:
13434:
13432:
13428:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13398:
13396:
13392:
13388:
13381:
13376:
13374:
13369:
13367:
13362:
13361:
13358:
13346:
13343:
13341:
13338:
13337:
13335:
13331:
13325:
13322:
13320:
13317:
13315:
13312:
13310:
13307:
13306:
13304:
13300:
13296:
13289:
13284:
13282:
13277:
13275:
13270:
13269:
13266:
13251:
13245:
13244:
13241:
13234:
13230:
13227:
13223:
13220:
13216:
13213:
13209:
13206:
13202:
13201:
13199:
13195:
13188:
13187:
13182:
13179:
13175:
13172:
13168:
13165:
13161:
13158:
13154:
13151:
13147:
13144:
13140:
13137:
13133:
13130:
13126:
13123:
13119:
13116:
13112:
13109:
13105:
13102:
13098:
13095:
13091:
13088:
13084:
13081:
13077:
13074:
13070:
13067:
13063:
13060:
13056:
13053:
13049:
13046:
13042:
13039:
13035:
13032:
13028:
13025:
13021:
13018:
13014:
13011:
13007:
13004:
13000:
12997:
12993:
12990:
12986:
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12178:Canada – OECD
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12101:, Routledge,
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12086:1-55238-149-8
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12042:0-7735-1352-3
12038:
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12024:
12022:9780774851459
12018:
12015:, UBC Press,
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10507:
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10469:
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10434:public domain
10424:
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10196:
10195:Bloomberg.com
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9771:
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9685:
9672:
9668:
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9269:
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9231:
9223:
9217:
9213:
9209:
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9184:
9180:
9179:data.oecd.org
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8523:www.canada.ca
8520:
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8231:data.oecd.org
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7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7208:
7206:$ 23 billion
7205:
7203:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7189:United States
7187:
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7182:
7179:
7176:
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7169:
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7140:
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7112:
7104:
7102:
7099:
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7068:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7058:
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7045:
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7029:New Brunswick
7027:
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6986:
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6605:
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6309:
6300:
6292:
6284:
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6260:
6252:
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6231:
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6215:
6207:
6199:
6191:
6183:
6175:
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6138:
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6122:
6114:
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6102:
6093:
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5854:
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5809:
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5793:
5785:
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5769:
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5708:
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5456:
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5440:
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5416:
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5403:
5395:
5387:
5379:
5371:
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5334:
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5318:
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5294:
5286:
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5265:
5257:
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5233:
5225:
5217:
5209:
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5196:
5188:
5180:
5172:
5164:
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5140:
5137:
5136:
5127:
5119:
5111:
5103:
5095:
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5071:
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5058:
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5042:
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5018:
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4989:
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4888:
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4309:
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4299:
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4283:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4092:
4084:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4023:
4015:
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3632:Unemployment
3631:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3595:(in US$ PPP)
3591:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:Petro-Canada
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3480:May 15, 2006
3479:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3437:Shareholders
3436:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:Enbridge Inc
3390:
3388:June 9, 2016
3387:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3248:consumer debt
3245:
3236:
3234:
3222: 1 month
3216: 3 month
3198: 10 year
3192: 30 year
3186:
3179:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3112:Gulf of Maine
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3016:Latin America
3013:
3008:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2757:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2607:New Brunswick
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2577:United States
2573:
2570:have created
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2284:ArcelorMittal
2276:
2272:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2252:branch plants
2248:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2210:Manufacturing
2207:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:Manufacturing
1960:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:Share of GDP
1947:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1875:credit easing
1872:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1626:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:credit unions
1138:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:trade deficit
1110:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:mixed economy
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1043:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1004:
999:
996:
995:
990:
987:
986:
984:
981:
979:Credit rating
974:
970:
966:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
936:
929:
924:
915:
912:
905:
898:
895:
894:
892:
888:
883:
876:
873:
862:
859:
848:
845:
834:
831:
820:
817:
816:United States
806:
805:
803:
797:
794:
790:
787:, chemicals,
786:
782:
776:
767:
763:
756:
753:
742:
739:
728:
725:
714:
711:
700:
697:
696:United States
686:
685:
683:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
628:
619:
615:
610:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
593:fish products
591:
589:
585:
582:
580:
579:food products
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
559:
553:
549:
546:
543:
536:
532:
529:
523:
511:
503:
495:
494:
492:
488:
476:
468:
467:
465:
459:
452:
440:
437:
424:
423:
421:
418:
413:
400:
397:
390:
386:
377:
373:
366:
357:
353:
349:
344:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
318:
316:
313:GDP by sector
310:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
287:
275:
267:
266:
264:
258:
243:
232:
224:
223:
221:
215:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
198:
194:
187:
178:
170:
169:
167:
165:
161:
152:
148:
143:
137:
136:Welfare state
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
123:
121:
118:Country group
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
78:
74:
71:
66:
62:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
27:
19:
15527:Sint Maarten
15507:Saint Martin
15331:
15246:
15239:
15196:Saskatchewan
15131:
14591:
14523:
14522:
14230:South Africa
14215:Sierra Leone
14200:Saudi Arabia
13779:
13755:Burkina Faso
13528:Bali Package
13457:Peace Clause
13184:
12448:Trade unions
12315:Oil reserves
12245:
12236:
12137:
12117:
12099:revised 2005
12098:
12075:
12051:
12031:
12011:
11990:
11970:
11951:
11940:
11933:
11904:
11892:. Retrieved
11888:
11878:
11866:. Retrieved
11861:
11852:
11838:
11828:February 22,
11826:. Retrieved
11822:
11799:, retrieved
11783:
11776:
11765:, retrieved
11760:
11753:
11744:
11738:
11710:February 22,
11708:. Retrieved
11704:the original
11694:
11682:. Retrieved
11677:
11668:
11656:. Retrieved
11646:
11634:. Retrieved
11624:
11614:February 22,
11612:. Retrieved
11608:the original
11598:
11589:
11580:
11562:
11550:. Retrieved
11546:
11537:
11527:February 22,
11525:. Retrieved
11523:. Census.gov
11514:
11504:February 22,
11502:. Retrieved
11500:. Census.gov
11491:
11481:February 22,
11479:. Retrieved
11477:. Census.gov
11468:
11458:February 22,
11456:. Retrieved
11452:the original
11442:
11434:the original
11424:
11414:February 22,
11412:. Retrieved
11408:the original
11398:
11388:February 28,
11386:. Retrieved
11375:
11363:. Retrieved
11359:the original
11349:
11337:. Retrieved
11333:the original
11322:
11298:. Retrieved
11293:
11284:
11274:February 22,
11272:. Retrieved
11262:
11251:, retrieved
11247:
11237:
11226:, retrieved
11217:
11208:
11197:the original
11183:
11174:
11164:
11153:, retrieved
11149:the original
11143:
11136:
11124:. Retrieved
11114:
11105:September 7,
11103:, retrieved
11096:the original
11087:
11080:
11069:, retrieved
11065:the original
11059:
11052:
11040:. Retrieved
11036:the original
11031:
11009:February 22,
11007:. Retrieved
10997:
10979:
10967:. Retrieved
10963:the original
10952:
10940:. Retrieved
10936:the original
10926:
10917:
10908:
10884:
10860:
10836:
10812:
10788:
10764:
10740:
10716:
10692:
10668:
10644:
10620:
10596:
10572:
10548:
10524:
10500:
10488:. Retrieved
10484:the original
10479:
10453:. Retrieved
10446:the original
10423:
10409:
10375:
10371:
10365:
10346:
10340:
10326:
10317:
10307:
10299:
10294:
10278:. Retrieved
10268:
10259:
10230:. Retrieved
10226:
10217:
10203:
10194:
10185:
10176:
10167:
10153:
10142:, retrieved
10136:
10129:
10118:, retrieved
10112:
10105:
10094:, retrieved
10088:
10081:
10070:, retrieved
10064:
10043:. Retrieved
10033:
10024:
9999:. Retrieved
9985:
9965:
9959:
9951:
9928:. Retrieved
9888:
9879:
9865:
9851:
9837:
9813:
9787:
9782:
9774:the original
9764:
9752:
9744:the original
9734:
9726:the original
9705:
9699:
9690:
9674:. Retrieved
9664:
9655:
9643:. Retrieved
9639:
9630:
9599:. Retrieved
9594:
9585:
9576:
9567:
9555:. Retrieved
9551:
9542:
9530:. Retrieved
9526:
9517:
9505:. Retrieved
9498:the original
9485:
9465:
9458:
9446:. Retrieved
9442:
9432:
9423:
9413:
9394:
9388:
9376:. Retrieved
9371:
9362:
9342:
9335:
9302:
9296:
9290:
9271:
9261:
9237:
9230:
9206:
9199:
9187:. Retrieved
9183:the original
9178:
9168:
9156:. Retrieved
9152:
9142:
9129:
9109:
9087:. Retrieved
9083:the original
9073:
9049:
9042:
9020:(1): 22–51.
9017:
9013:
9007:
8995:. Retrieved
8983:
8979:
8969:
8957:. Retrieved
8953:nationalpost
8952:
8928:. Retrieved
8917:
8905:. Retrieved
8900:
8891:
8872:
8860:. Retrieved
8856:the original
8842:
8814:
8807:
8795:. Retrieved
8783:
8763:
8756:
8744:. Retrieved
8730:
8710:
8703:
8688:
8668:
8636:
8625:
8615:
8603:. Retrieved
8597:
8588:
8564:
8557:
8548:
8539:
8527:. Retrieved
8522:
8513:
8501:. Retrieved
8492:
8480:. Retrieved
8475:
8466:
8454:. Retrieved
8444:
8432:. Retrieved
8425:
8416:
8404:. Retrieved
8394:
8382:. Retrieved
8378:
8375:"FDI stocks"
8354:. Retrieved
8344:
8332:. Retrieved
8326:
8299:. Retrieved
8289:
8275:
8261:
8247:
8235:. Retrieved
8230:
8221:
8211:November 30,
8209:. Retrieved
8204:
8195:
8183:. Retrieved
8178:
8157:
8148:
8136:. Retrieved
8129:hdr.undp.org
8128:
8119:
8107:. Retrieved
8083:
8069:
8055:
8043:. Retrieved
8039:
8029:
8017:. Retrieved
8003:
7987:. Retrieved
7977:
7950:
7924:. Retrieved
7888:
7879:
7847:
7843:
7816:
7792:. Retrieved
7784:
7775:
7757:
7741:
7723:
7639:
7632:
7625:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7596:
7589:
7582:
7575:
7568:
7561:
7388:
7385:Import trade
7170:
7167:
7158:Export trade
7149:
7136:
7119:Saskatchewan
3641:
3635:(in Percent)
3633:
3627:(in Percent)
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3574:
3486:Switzerland
3483:Xstrata PLC
3305:Target name
3286:
3282:
3260:
3242:
3231:
3210: 1 year
3204: 2 year
3182:Canada bonds
3158:
3142:Bill Clinton
3135:
3124:
3092:
3065:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3004:
2992:
2962:
2906:
2763: Canada
2735:
2731:
2727:Saskatchewan
2685:
2670:
2654:Saskatchewan
2647:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2581:
2560:distribution
2556:transmission
2536:
2518:
2480:
2315:
2297:
2280:
2249:
2232:
2192:
2188:
2161:
2118:
2017:Retail trade
1985:Construction
1938:
1929:
1925:
1914:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1879:
1851:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1773:
1771:
1755:
1751:Voisey's Bay
1747:
1743:
1731:Barrick Gold
1691:
1667:
1663:World War II
1648:
1633:
1603:
1568:
1563:Saskatchewan
1502:Central Bank
1344:
1269:
1228:World War II
1225:
1197:
1134:
1074:
1072:
1060:
964:
779:Import goods
631:Export goods
490:Unemployment
462:Labour force
372:poverty line
26:
15497:Puerto Rico
15407:Saint Lucia
15357:El Salvador
15205:Territories
15176:Nova Scotia
14961:Paul Martin
14458:Netherlands
14245:Switzerland
14160:Philippines
14100:New Zealand
13985:South Korea
13865:El Salvador
13830:Ivory Coast
13670:Afghanistan
13654:Rufus Yerxa
13639:Pascal Lamy
13608:13th (2024)
13603:12th (2022)
13598:11th (2017)
13593:10th (2015)
13540:Conferences
13538:Ministerial
13478:Agriculture
12880:Philippines
12859:New Zealand
12838:South Korea
12361:Agriculture
12335:Public debt
11253:February 3,
10969:November 2,
10942:November 2,
10455:October 10,
10280:October 14,
9591:"Fisheries"
9189:January 10,
9158:January 10,
8797:October 21,
8746:January 31,
8682:PDF version
8549:www.imf.org
8456:January 14,
8434:January 10,
8406:January 20,
8384:February 7,
8237:December 9,
8185:October 10,
7926:October 17,
7728:stability."
7485:South Korea
7345:Switzerland
7280:Netherlands
7267:South Korea
7047:Nova Scotia
6951:Employment
3616:GDP growth
3345:Vivendi SA
3150:Great Lakes
3084:electricity
3080:natural gas
2927:El Salvador
2707:Agriculture
2656:. The vast
2620:Oil and gas
2527:Electricity
2325:World rank
2168:real estate
1889:Mark Carney
1758:cod fishery
1460:Automotives
1427:Electricity
1412:Agriculture
1312:aeronautics
1308:coking coal
1219:on advance
1090:nominal GDP
877:Other 18.7%
789:electricity
757:Other 10.1%
660:fertilizers
650:equipment;
642:machinery,
638:and parts,
603:natural gas
451:IHDI (14th)
338:(2017 est.)
321:agriculture
70:Fiscal year
30:Economy of
15558:Categories
15492:Montserrat
15487:Martinique
15482:Guadeloupe
15337:Costa Rica
14448:Luxembourg
14250:Tajikistan
14210:Seychelles
14085:Mozambique
14075:Montenegro
14050:Mauritania
14025:Madagascar
13995:Kyrgyzstan
13975:Kazakhstan
13885:The Gambia
13825:Costa Rica
13785:Cape Verde
13715:Bangladesh
13588:9th (2013)
13583:8th (2011)
13578:7th (2009)
13573:6th (2005)
13568:5th (2003)
13563:4th (2001)
13558:3rd (1999)
13553:2nd (1998)
13548:1st (1996)
13466:Agreements
13333:Guidelines
12620:Bay Street
12531:PPP Canada
12246:Currency:
11384:. CBC News
11339:August 18,
10227:torontosun
10140:, Macleans
10001:January 9,
9645:January 1,
8997:August 14,
8930:August 14,
8138:October 8,
7989:October 8,
7789:World Bank
7750:References
7162:See also:
7150:20,400,700
7113:4,515,200
7077:7,970,500
6987:2,847,800
6969:2,526,900
3466:Nexen Inc
3374:Alcan Inc
3277:See also:
3104:publishing
3088:hydropower
2624:See also:
2552:generation
2433:Molybdenum
2131:, such as
1780:(GDP) and
1741:business.
1670:Crown land
1300:platinoids
1109:globalized
1063:US dollars
791:, durable
640:industrial
249:1.5%
238:1.5%
218:GDP growth
150:Population
145:Statistics
112:and others
63:(CAD, C$ )
15477:Greenland
15392:Nicaragua
15367:Guatemala
15144:Provinces
14824:Joe Clark
14443:Lithuania
14325:Venezuela
14235:Sri Lanka
14220:Singapore
14185:St. Lucia
14105:Nicaragua
14055:Mauritius
13950:Indonesia
13935:Hong Kong
13905:Guatemala
13705:Australia
13695:Argentina
13437:Criticism
13212:APEC blue
12894:Singapore
12824:Indonesia
12816:Hong Kong
12781:Australia
12574:Crow Rate
12376:Petroleum
11868:April 25,
11801:August 7,
11552:April 12,
11365:March 11,
11228:March 31,
11155:March 31,
11126:March 31,
11071:March 31,
11042:March 31,
11032:Canada.ca
10490:March 31,
10144:August 8,
10120:August 7,
10116:, Reuters
10096:August 6,
10072:August 6,
10045:August 6,
9930:August 6,
9327:154319169
8907:August 5,
8677:2562-8313
8605:April 24,
8109:April 13,
8045:March 24,
8019:August 4,
7401:Fraction
7319:Hong Kong
7183:Fraction
6941:Province
6895:65,954.5
6879:66,221.6
6826:64,352.5
6810:64,649.4
6757:62,703.5
6741:63,042.6
6688:60,745.3
6672:61,274.7
6619:59,179.0
6603:59,872.2
6550:56,794.0
6534:57,827.5
6481:52,015.1
6465:52,973.0
6412:43,306.6
6396:48,946.8
6343:46,404.0
6327:51,652.6
6274:46,625.9
6258:50,531.6
6205:45,192.0
6189:48,688.1
6136:42,382.6
6120:46,554.1
6067:43,626.5
6051:44,702.5
5998:51,020.8
5982:45,812.0
5929:52,708.6
5913:44,360.4
5860:52,744.0
5844:42,351.1
5791:52,285.9
5775:41,716.4
5722:47,627.3
5706:40,017.6
5653:40,990.6
5637:38,788.0
5584:46,773.8
5568:40,159.1
5515:44,717.0
5499:39,428.2
5446:40,558.9
5430:37,980.7
5377:36,439.6
5361:36,260.7
5308:32,176.6
5292:34,390.0
5239:28,338.7
5223:32,794.3
5170:24,279.2
5154:31,887.8
5101:23,859.7
5085:30,810.5
5032:24,296.7
5016:29,914.7
4963:22,340.6
4947:28,068.8
4894:21,046.6
4878:26,532.4
4825:21,930.5
4809:25,469.8
4756:21,325.7
4740:24,252.2
4687:20,706.7
4671:23,682.4
4618:20,024.6
4602:22,823.8
4549:20,210.5
4533:21,615.6
4480:20,984.8
4464:20,805.6
4411:21,885.6
4395:20,403.3
4342:21,572.1
4326:20,415.1
4273:20,842.5
4257:19,947.7
4204:19,041.2
4188:19,085.3
4135:16,408.1
4119:17,893.0
4066:14,539.8
4050:16,990.4
3997:14,185.9
3981:16,466.0
3928:13,947.4
3912:15,380.2
3859:13,493.2
3843:14,149.5
3790:12,543.9
3774:13,404.9
3721:12,396.7
3705:13,197.5
3662:11,281.4
3656:11,798.2
3571:Raw data
3512:Inco Ltd
3322:Spin-off
3108:fisheries
3100:magazines
3076:petroleum
3061:newsprint
3046:commodity
2952:Singapore
2923:Nicaragua
2919:Guatemala
2505:in 2018.
2298:In 2017,
2206:of 2001.
2195:high tech
2180:Vancouver
2065:Utilities
1858:recession
1854:John Crow
1665:in 1945.
1636:Caribbean
1598:Vancouver
1521:Companies
1481:Transport
1422:Petroleum
846:(-) 10.8%
832:(+) 13.5%
818:(-) 49.2%
785:crude oil
698:(+) 76.9%
664:wood pulp
652:chemicals
598:petroleum
569:chemicals
448:very high
432:very high
348:Inflation
15442:Anguilla
15377:Honduras
15347:Dominica
15322:Barbados
15241:Category
15161:Manitoba
14788:November
14762:November
14483:Slovenia
14478:Slovakia
14468:Portugal
14373:Bulgaria
14345:Zimbabwe
14265:Thailand
14260:Tanzania
14240:Suriname
14150:Paraguay
14135:Pakistan
14070:Mongolia
14040:Maldives
14035:Malaysia
13930:Honduras
13870:Eswatini
13845:Dominica
13840:Djibouti
13810:Colombia
13775:Cameroon
13770:Cambodia
13740:Botswana
13720:Barbados
12908:Thailand
12845:Malaysia
12552:programs
12459:agencies
12354:Industry
11894:July 14,
11792:archived
11570:Archived
11300:July 30,
11222:archived
10987:Archived
10897:Archived
10873:Archived
10849:Archived
10825:Archived
10801:Archived
10777:Archived
10753:Archived
10729:Archived
10705:Archived
10681:Archived
10657:Archived
10633:Archived
10609:Archived
10585:Archived
10561:Archived
10537:Archived
10513:Archived
10265:"Canada"
10232:April 1,
9974:archived
9921:Archived
9826:Archived
9661:"Canada"
9319:25166298
9065:Archived
8897:"Canada"
8529:July 27,
8503:June 24,
8356:July 27,
8334:July 27,
8301:July 27,
8100:Archived
7974:"Canada"
7868:Archived
7538:See also
7395:Partner
7177:Partner
7131:597,100
7059:516,400
7041:390,900
7023:243,700
7005:700,400
6993:Manitoba
6887:2,728.4
6871:2,739.4
6818:2,630.3
6802:2,642.5
6749:2,531.2
6733:2,544.9
6680:2,420.7
6664:2,441.8
6611:2,326.6
6595:2,353.9
6542:2,200.4
6526:2,240.4
6473:1,988.3
6457:2,025.0
6404:1,645.4
6388:1,859.7
6335:1,742.0
6319:1,939.0
6266:1,725.3
6250:1,869.8
6197:1,649.3
6181:1,776.9
6128:1,528.0
6112:1,678.4
6059:1,556.5
6043:1,594.9
5990:1,805.8
5974:1,621.4
5921:1,846.6
5905:1,554.1
5852:1,828.4
5836:1,468.1
5783:1,793.3
5767:1,430.8
5714:1,617.3
5698:1,358.9
5645:1,376.5
5629:1,302.5
5576:1,552.9
5560:1,333.3
5507:1,468.9
5491:1,295.2
5438:1,319.4
5422:1,235.5
5369:1,173.5
5353:1,167.7
5300:1,026.5
5284:1,097.1
5215:1,036.4
3166:smelting
3138:aviation
3048:sector.
3024:Michigan
3022:between
2635:Syncrude
2596:Manitoba
2521:aluminum
2495:graphite
2491:antimony
2397:Titanium
2336:Platinum
2176:Montreal
2141:Best Buy
1945:Industry
1727:Goldcorp
1707:diamonds
1588:Montreal
1444:Forestry
1337:a series
1335:Part of
1322:Overview
1304:iron ore
1209:forestry
953:Expenses
945:Revenues
874:(-) 2.3%
860:(-) 5.5%
754:(+) 2.3%
740:(+) 2.4%
726:(-) 3.7%
712:(-) 4.6%
656:plastics
644:aircraft
612:External
574:minerals
434:(2022) (
333:services
327:industry
196:GDP rank
57:Currency
15472:Curaçao
15457:Bonaire
15452:Bermuda
15382:Jamaica
15362:Grenada
15317:Bahamas
15217:Nunavut
15181:Ontario
15151:Alberta
14674:General
14473:Romania
14428:Ireland
14423:Hungary
14413:Germany
14403:Finland
14398:Estonia
14393:Denmark
14378:Croatia
14368:Belgium
14363:Austria
14330:Vietnam
14320:Uruguay
14300:Ukraine
14285:Tunisia
14205:Senegal
14115:Nigeria
14090:Namibia
14080:Morocco
14065:Moldova
14010:Liberia
14005:Lesotho
13960:Jamaica
13940:Iceland
13900:Grenada
13890:Georgia
13855:Ecuador
13765:Burundi
13760:Myanmar
13735:Bolivia
13710:Bahrain
13700:Armenia
13680:Algeria
13675:Albania
13663:Members
13302:History
12932:Summits
12922:Vietnam
12773:Nations
12690:Indices
12613:Finance
12550:Federal
12457:Federal
12386:Tourism
12371:Fishing
12325:Poverty
12256:General
12185:at the
9601:May 19,
9557:May 20,
9532:May 20,
9507:May 19,
9448:May 13,
9378:May 14,
9089:May 23,
9034:3088901
8959:May 13,
8205:StatCan
7864:3005973
7524:Vietnam
7446:Germany
7306:Belgium
7254:Germany
7095:91,900
7065:Ontario
6957:Alberta
6582:102.2%
6513:112.9%
6444:117.8%
4788:100.2%
4719:100.1%
3561:Canada
3555:Canada
3538:Canada
3532:Canada
3515:Canada
3509:Brazil
3492:Canada
3469:Canada
3463:Canada
3446:Canada
3440:Canada
3423:Canada
3417:Canada
3394:Canada
3377:Canada
3371:Canada
3354:Canada
3348:France
3331:Canada
3325:Canada
3152:to the
3028:Ontario
3010:in the
2947:Morocco
2913:CARICOM
2903:Source:
2873:Source:
2780:Source:
2643:Alberta
2568:Alberta
2564:Ontario
2503:uranium
2457:Lithium
2421:Niobium
2225:in the
2203:Tourism
2172:Toronto
2133:Walmart
1964:10.37%
1956:13.01%
1762:logging
1739:logging
1703:uranium
1604:more...
1593:Toronto
1569:more...
1553:Ontario
1548:Alberta
1495:Finance
1486:Tourism
1439:Fishing
1398:Sectors
1120:is the
1007:Moody's
765:Imports
617:Exports
385:StatCan
335:: 70.2%
329:: 28.2%
251:(2024f)
240:(2023f)
188:; 2023)
45:Toronto
15397:Panama
15387:Mexico
15332:Canada
15327:Belize
15191:Quebec
14782:1978 (
14753:1974 (
14604:Mexico
14592:Canada
14493:Sweden
14463:Poland
14438:Latvia
14418:Greece
14408:France
14383:Cyprus
14340:Zambia
14295:Uganda
14290:Turkey
14255:Taiwan
14175:Rwanda
14170:Russia
14140:Panama
14125:Norway
14060:Mexico
14030:Malawi
13990:Kuwait
13970:Jordan
13955:Israel
13920:Guyana
13910:Guinea
13780:Canada
13750:Brunei
13745:Brazil
13725:Belize
13685:Angola
13617:People
13430:Issues
13394:System
13248:1. A
12901:Taiwan
12887:Russia
12852:Mexico
12795:Canada
12788:Brunei
12426:Labour
12258:topics
12145:
12125:
12105:
12083:
12059:
12039:
12019:
11998:
11978:
11958:
10436::
10353:
10286:
9808:page 3
9701:Forbes
9682:
9676:May 6,
9622:
9473:
9401:
9350:
9325:
9317:
9278:
9249:
9218:
9117:
9057:
9032:
8903:. 2021
8862:May 8,
8830:
8771:
8718:
8675:
8576:
8281:"Home"
8253:"Home"
8233:. OECD
7995:
7862:
7511:France
7433:Mexico
7427:12.7%
7414:51.3%
7398:Value
7332:Norway
7293:France
7241:Mexico
7196:75.6%
7180:Value
7101:Quebec
7020:10.1%
6927:88.7%
6858:90.9%
6789:93.3%
6720:96.3%
6651:98.7%
6420:-5.2%
6375:87.2%
6306:88.9%
6237:88.9%
6168:91.8%
6099:91.2%
6030:85.6%
5961:86.1%
5892:85.4%
5823:81.8%
5754:81.2%
5685:79.3%
5661:-2.9%
5616:67.9%
5547:66.9%
5478:69.9%
5409:70.6%
5340:71.9%
5271:75.9%
5231:895.6
5202:79.6%
5162:760.1
5146:998.4
5133:81.5%
5093:739.0
5077:954.2
5064:80.4%
5024:744.6
5008:916.8
4995:89.0%
4955:678.4
4939:852.4
4926:93.3%
4886:634.0
4870:799.3
4857:95.3%
4817:655.0
4801:760.7
4748:630.6
4732:717.1
4679:605.9
4663:693.0
4650:97.5%
4642:10.4%
4610:579.9
4594:661.0
4581:94.7%
4573:11.4%
4541:579.1
4525:619.3
4512:88.2%
4504:11.2%
4472:594.4
4456:589.3
4443:81.7%
4435:10.3%
4419:-2.1%
4403:612.5
4387:571.0
4374:73.7%
4334:596.1
4318:564.1
4305:71.0%
4265:567.2
4249:542.9
4236:69.7%
4196:509.4
4180:510.6
4167:69.8%
4127:433.1
4111:472.3
4098:69.3%
4058:379.0
4042:442.9
4029:65.2%
4021:10.5%
3989:366.2
3973:425.0
3960:60.2%
3952:11.4%
3920:356.7
3904:393.4
3891:57.2%
3883:12.0%
3851:341.9
3835:358.5
3822:51.7%
3814:11.1%
3806:10.8%
3798:-3.2%
3782:314.6
3766:336.2
3753:46.1%
3737:12.5%
3713:307.2
3697:327.1
3684:44.6%
3678:10.2%
3659:276.1
3653:288.7
3619:(real)
3564:13.60
3541:15.58
3518:17.15
3495:17.40
3472:19.12
3449:20.26
3426:24.79
3403:28.29
3380:37.63
3357:40.43
3334:59.97
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3162:mining
3082:, and
3072:energy
3068:$ 73.6
2973:(FTAA)
2767:
2761:
2677:Canada
2588:Quebec
2543:Canada
2509:Energy
2487:gypsum
2483:sulfur
2445:Cobalt
2409:Potash
2386:(ore)
2372:Copper
2360:Nickel
2322:Metal
2306:Mining
2139:, and
2121:retail
2108:0.62%
2100:0.77%
2092:1.53%
2084:1.89%
2076:2.15%
2068:2.21%
2060:2.46%
2052:3.00%
2044:4.60%
2036:5.21%
2028:5.54%
2020:5.60%
2012:5.78%
2004:6.28%
1996:6.63%
1988:7.08%
1980:7.06%
1972:8.21%
1873:, and
1729:, and
1723:Cameco
1719:Encana
1699:nickel
1686:mining
1558:Quebec
1434:Mining
1417:Energy
1339:on the
1292:canola
1286:; the
1257:Mexico
1230:. The
1101:Canada
869:
858:Mexico
855:
841:
827:
813:
749:
735:
721:
707:
693:
668:timber
550:(2022)
533:(2022)
453:(2021)
446:0.860
430:0.935
406:0.281
323:: 1.6%
47:, the
32:Canada
15447:Aruba
15372:Haiti
15222:Yukon
14784:April
14488:Spain
14453:Malta
14433:Italy
14335:Yemen
14275:Tonga
14195:Samoa
14165:Qatar
14110:Niger
14095:Nepal
14020:Macau
13980:Kenya
13965:Japan
13945:India
13925:Haiti
13895:Ghana
13880:Gabon
13860:Egypt
13805:China
13800:Chile
13730:Benin
13197:Other
12831:Japan
12809:China
12802:Chile
11795:(PDF)
11788:(PDF)
11200:(PDF)
11193:(PDF)
11099:(PDF)
11092:(PDF)
10900:(PDF)
10893:(PDF)
10876:(PDF)
10869:(PDF)
10852:(PDF)
10845:(PDF)
10828:(PDF)
10821:(PDF)
10804:(PDF)
10797:(PDF)
10780:(PDF)
10773:(PDF)
10756:(PDF)
10749:(PDF)
10732:(PDF)
10725:(PDF)
10708:(PDF)
10701:(PDF)
10684:(PDF)
10677:(PDF)
10660:(PDF)
10653:(PDF)
10636:(PDF)
10629:(PDF)
10612:(PDF)
10605:(PDF)
10588:(PDF)
10581:(PDF)
10564:(PDF)
10557:(PDF)
10540:(PDF)
10533:(PDF)
10516:(PDF)
10509:(PDF)
10449:(PDF)
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14045:Mali
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