884:. Lieutenant Governor Shafer chaired a bipartisan committee to explore constitutional reforms in 1963 and later included reforms in his campaign platform in 1966, ultimately announcing support for holding a constitutional convention. By the end of Shafer's first year as governor, in December 1967, a constitutional convention was meeting to consider revisions to state government. Shafer had initially hoped for the election of convention delegates by the Pennsylvania electorate to coincide with a referendum on holding the convention on the primary ballot in May 1967, thus enabling the convention to meet that summer and submit their recommendations to the electorate in November. However, a skeptical General Assembly delayed passage of the convention enabling bill such that delegates were not elected until November 1967, to be seated the following month. Reforms approved by the electorate following this convention, at the primary election in April 1968, included revisions to
947:, a move which made him unpopular with many voters, though he later settled for an increase in the state sales tax. Ultimately, Shafer's successor as governor, Milton Shapp, signed into law a state income tax with bipartisan support. During Shafer's administration, state funding for public education increased by 33%, with public school teachers' salaries increasing by a similar proportion, and post-secondary educational institutions received approximately $ 114 million in additional funding from the state. Reflecting near the end of his administration, Shafer said he believed that his having prioritized constitutional reforms and public expenditure ahead of tax reform may have precipitated some of the fiscal strain the state faced by 1971, which included deficits as a result of such expenditure. Shafer also oversaw the state government's response to the
790:, reporting in November 1964 that Shafer's speaking schedule was nearly as rigorous as Scranton's and that Shafer had begun to assume responsibility for steering some of the Scranton administration's initiatives, speculating that Shafer himself might be a candidate for governor to succeed the term-limited Scranton in 1966. Initiatives that Shafer led at Scranton's request included the selection of a superintendent of public instruction, leadership of a private sector outreach tour regarding Scranton's unemployment compensation proposal, and chairmanship of the administration's legislative policy committee.
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983:" after a cartoon character known for acting haplessly with good intentions. However, some of these critics conceded the long-term significance of the Shafer administration's accomplishments, particularly with respect to the constitutional reforms and education and other social services. Shafer left office following the expiration of his term and inauguration of governor-elect Shapp in January 1971.
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of marijuana use within the home. The commission's March 1972 report had also posited that marijuana use is not without drawbacks and argued that it should nonetheless be discouraged and that selling, growing with the intent to sell, and publicly using marijuana should remain prohibited; however, the
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and
Democrats gaining control of both houses of the General Assembly for the first time in over 30 years. Shafer's popularity waned towards the end of his administration in the midst of the state's fiscal struggles and members of Republican Party leadership having turned against him. Many of Shafer's
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Although the new 1968 constitution allowed incumbent governors to run for reelection, Shafer was bound by the previous rules and was limited to one term. He campaigned for Ray
Broderick, his lieutenant governor, as his successor. Although Broderick publicly opposed a state income tax and attempted to
726:
Edward M. Young in the
Republican primary in May, 55% to 45%, aided significantly by a better than 8-to-1 showing in Crawford County. Shafer prevailed over the Democratic nominee, Harold B. Turner, in the November general election by a similar margin, 54% to 46%. While a state senator, Shafer began
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for milk; Shafer indicated that he would reform milk price controls to ensure fair market prices were placed, but Shapp insisted that Shafer's arrangement would effectively continue the status quo of price controls and argued that abolition of the controls and a free market approach was superior.
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In the general election campaign, including in a television debate between Shafer and Shapp in
October, Shafer attacked Shapp's record as a businessman and Shapp charged that Shafer had obstructed important legislation, such as highway funding, as a state senator. Shafer and Shapp also disagreed
542:. He left office in 1971 with his popularity waning in the midst of fiscal strain and negative reaction to his tax proposal, though some of his administration's major initiatives have had lasting significance. In his later career, he chaired what became known as the
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reported less than a week before the election that
Republican-commissioned polls showed Shafer ahead of Shapp by an average of 9.2% with Shapp falling further behind. On election day, Shafer and Broderick ultimately defeated Shapp and his running mate,
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and also maintained a law practice in
Meadville. He served briefly as acting president of his alma mater, Allegheny College, from 1985 to 1986. Shafer also served on Allegheny's board of trustees, including as chairman from 1972 to 1981, and on the
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distance himself from Shafer's record of large public expenditure, he was ultimately defeated. The 1970 election in
Pennsylvania was a Democratic sweep, with Milton Shapp, whom Shafer and Broderick had defeated in 1966, victorious in the
1053:, Shafer returned to public service upon being named special counsel to new Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, a position he held from 1974 to 1977. From 1977 to 1988 he was a partner and senior counselor with the accounting firm of
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in
Scranton (whose editorial board had endorsed Shapp) reported that most polling showed the race between Shafer and Shapp to be relatively even and opined that Shapp had run a more effective and spirited campaign, though
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as the party's presidential candidate. Shafer himself had received votes in
Pennsylvania's presidential primary and initially received support from a majority of Pennsylvania's 64-member convention delegation as a
943:(PennDOT). Large expenditures for education and health programs Shafer authorized caused budget deficits by the 1969–70 fiscal year. In an effort to balance the budget, Shafer sought Pennsylvania's first state
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751:. Scranton had been Shafer's classmate at Yale Law School, and both were part of the moderate wing of the Republican Party. Shafer accepted Scranton's offer and became the Republican nominee for
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possession and use within the home. He also resumed law practice in
Meadville and served in other business and consulting roles in the private and public sectors. He died in Meadville in 2006.
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critics held that he was unable to effectively galvanize public support for his initiatives or to manage political relationships, earning from some of these critics the derisive nickname "
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that Nixon had offered Shafer the vice presidential spot to balance the ticket with an Eastern moderate, though there is no surviving record to that effect. Nixon ultimately chose
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candidate; he used this leverage in a partially successful attempt to move the Pennsylvania delegation into Rockefeller's column. After Shafer's death, his surviving children told
1014:, newspaper columnist reporting that Nixon treated Shafer "like a dog". The Shafer Commission's work nonetheless continued, though Shafer was also criticized in this role by many
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that year, Shafer assumed some of the day-to-day responsibilities of the governorship in Scranton's stead. The press took notice of Shafer's activity as lieutenant governor, with
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1006:, though he ultimately did not receive an appointment and withdrew his candidacy for the bench in 1972. In the meantime, President Nixon appointed Shafer as chairman of the
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and, on July 5, he married Jane Harris Davies, whom he had met at Allegheny. The couple went on to have three children together: Diane (born 1942), Raymond Philip Jr. (born
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Bill Scranton was limited to one term under then-existing state law and the media considered Shafer a potential successor as the Republican nominee. U.S. Representative
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Walter Alessandroni, Shafer's running mate, announced his own candidacy for lieutenant governor. Both Shafer and Alessandroni were endorsed by Scranton, U.S. Senator
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609:. At Allegheny, Shafer was an accomplished athlete, achieving all-Pennsylvania honors in basketball and all-American honors in soccer. In 1938, Shafer enrolled at
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1969:
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was marked by tragedies. Alessandroni was killed in an aviation accident during the campaign and won the nomination for lieutenant governor posthumously;
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570:, the youngest of the five children of the Rev. David Philip Shafer and his wife Mina Belle (née Miller). In 1933, Shafer's father moved the family to
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1010:, also known as the Shafer Commission. However, Nixon paid little attention to Shafer or the Commission while it proceeded with its work, with one
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As lieutenant governor, Shafer took a more active role in state government than his predecessors had and chaired Pennsylvania's delegation to the
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had also indicated interest in seeking the nomination. On January 10, 1966, Shafer formally announced his candidacy for governor. The same day,
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The Shafers returned to Meadville after the war, where Ray entered private law practice. His political career began in 1948 when he was elected
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1049:, the company's plurality shareholder, in October 1973. He then became chairman emeritus and vice chairman of TelePrompTer. Following the
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commission's recommendation on decriminalization was ultimately not followed by the Nixon administration. Some, such as Eric Sterling of
864:, by a margin of nearly a quarter of a million votes, 52.1% to 46.1%, with the remainder of the votes scattered across minor candidates.
732:
633:, would help shape his future political career. The summer after graduating from law school, in June, Shafer sat for the New York State
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771:, the House majority leader. Scranton and Shafer were inaugurated as governor and lieutenant governor, respectively, in January 1963.
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2302:. Vol. 94. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Bureau of Publications, Department of Property and Supplies, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
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of Squadron 27. As Squadron executive officer, Shafer sailed aboard PT-375, one of the first PT boats to penetrate the defenses of
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and the auditorium at Allegheny College. Pennsylvania House Bill 1652 of 2011, introduced by Democratic State Representative
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Limited to one four-year term as governor under the prior state constitutional rule, Shafer was not a candidate in the
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In February 1972, Shafer became chief executive officer and chairman of the board of the financially troubled
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After leaving state government, Shafer had initially hoped to be appointed to a federal judgeship on the
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1062:. Shafer died at the age of 89 in Meadville, Pennsylvania, on December 12, 2006. He was buried with
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2557:
2176:"Shafer Commission Report on Marijuana and Drugs, Issued 40 Years Ago Today, Was Ahead of its Time"
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in Pennsylvania is named "The Raymond P. Shafer Highway" after him, as is a residence hall at both
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877:
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453:
452:(March 5, 1917 – December 12, 2006) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 39th
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48:
755:. The Scranton–Shafer ticket won the election by a margin of nearly a half million votes over the
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Shafer oversaw an expansion of Pennsylvania's highway system, dedicated several portions of the
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714:, a position Shafer held until 1956, serving two terms. In 1958, Shafer ran for a seat in the
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Shafer was inaugurated in January 1967 and became the first governor to reside in the modern
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1101:, were both named "The Governor Raymond P. Shafer Compassionate Use Medical Marijuana Act".
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Shafer emerged as a national figure in the moderate wing of the Republican Party during the
515:. Shafer was active in that role and succeeded the term-limited Scranton as governor in the
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as chair in 1970. In 1968 and 1969, Shafer was a member of the Executive Committee of the
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during a campaign appearance for the Democratic nominee, wealthy Philadelphia businessman
8:
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2018:"The Shafer Years: Irony of Fate, Political Fickleness Puts Ray Shafer Low in Popularity"
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644:), and Jane (born 1953, died 1999). Shortly after their marriage, the Shafers settled in
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1663:"Random Notes: Pollsters Puzzled as Race Nears End; Lackawanna's Vote May Be Crucial"
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In March 1962, Republican gubernatorial candidate Bill Scranton tapped Shafer as his
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1097:, and Pennsylvania Senate Bill 1003 of 2011, introduced by Democratic State Senator
586:. He graduated from high school in Meadville in 1934 as valedictorian of his class.
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company in the United States. He served in this position until being replaced by
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574:, to accept a position as pastor of the First Christian Church. Shafer became an
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722:, consisting of portions of Crawford and Mercer counties. He defeated five-term
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troops into the city. In 1969, Shafer ascended to the vice-chairmanship of the
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1970:"York's Race Riots Were a War that Left Dozens Injured and Two People Dead"
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in 1948 and then as a state senator. He was elected lieutenant governor in
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519:. Shafer became a prominent voice among moderate Republicans and oversaw
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1029:, argue that the Shafer Commission's proposal was "ahead of its time".
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fraternity and served as class president. He graduated as a member of
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in the state, and authorized a merger of four agencies to form the
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1918:"Republicans Helped Shapp Get Tax They Refused to Give Ray Shafer"
1737:"Constitutional Revision in Pennsylvania--Problems and Procedures"
738:
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degree in history and political science and was a candidate for a
888:, audit of state finances, and a new unified judiciary under the
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531:, which proved unpopular but was later enacted by his successor,
527:, expenditures for health and education programs, and proposed a
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1610:"Ex-Gov. David L. Lawrence Dies; 4-Term Mayor of Pittsburgh, 77"
2313:
910:, although the delegates instead chose former Vice President
2520:
1892:"Milton J. Shapp is Dead at 82: Ex-Governor of Pennsylvania"
850:
Heading into the weekend immediately prior to the election,
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on PT boats as commanding officer of PT-359 and later as
1413:"Shafer Nominated for Senate Role; Dem Outcome in Doubt"
1113:– the Raymond P. Shafer Memorial Highway in Pennsylvania
829:
was named to replace him on the ticket. Former governor
821:, and Schweiker, who had withdrawn from contention. The
456:
from 1967 to 1971. Prior to that, he served as the 23rd
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2070:"Lasting legacy: Gov. Shafer was a true public servant"
1866:"Raymond P. Shafer, 89, Governor of Pennsylvania, Dies"
1437:
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in which he declared a state of emergency and sent 200
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1393:
1259:"Meet Jane Shafer, Candidate for State's 'First Lady'"
617:
degree in 1941. While at Yale, Shafer participated in
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United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
667:. He participated in over 80 combat missions during
566:
Raymond Philip Shafer was born on March 5, 1917, in
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2093:
2091:
464:from 1959 to 1962. He was a national leader of the
1814:"Results of the 15 Presidential Primaries in 1968"
1714:"Pennsylvania Gubernatorial Election Returns 1966"
1526:
1524:
487:in 1941. Following brief stints practicing law in
2045:"Bitter and Disillusioned, What's Ahead for Ray?"
1772:. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission
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1448:
1446:
1180:. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission
3184:
2088:
880:. As governor, Shafer pushed for reforms to the
731:voting record in support of such initiatives as
593:from 1934 to 1938, where he was a member of the
2202:Intelligencer Journal (Lancaster, Pennsylvania)
2149:"Panel Favors Legalizing Marijuana Use at Home"
1716:. Wilkes University Election Statistics Project
1521:
1008:National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse
739:Lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania (1963–1967)
1443:
778:. During Scranton's unsuccessful campaign for
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2506:
2101:"Raymond P. Shafer: Continued Public Service"
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1068:Union Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania
589:After finishing high school, Shafer attended
3233:Republican Party Pennsylvania state senators
3218:United States Navy personnel of World War II
1536:The Morning Herald (Uniontown, Pennsylvania)
986:
177:January 6, 1959 – November 30, 1962
116:January 15, 1963 – January 17, 1967
61:January 17, 1967 – January 19, 1971
2224:"A Moment with President Raymond P. Shafer"
1688:"Shafer Lead Averages 9.2 Pct. in GOP Poll"
1417:The Record-Argus (Greenville, Pennsylvania)
793:
3203:Republican Party governors of Pennsylvania
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2871:
2513:
2499:
2042:
1667:The Times-Tribune (Scranton, Pennsylvania)
1492:
1243:
495:service as an intelligence officer and on
31:
3213:County district attorneys in Pennsylvania
1922:Standard-Speaker (Hazleton, Pennsylvania)
1890:Pierre-Pierre, Garry (26 November 1994).
1833:
1831:
941:Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
525:Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
2173:
1764:
1762:
1634:
1532:"First in Line to Gov. Chair Keeps Calm"
1307:
1305:
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805:1966 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
561:
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2251:
2043:Ecenbarger, William (10 January 1971).
1967:
1915:
1637:"Shafer, Shapp Swap Barbs in TV Debate"
1399:
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1172:
1170:
1168:
650:Winthrop, Stimson, Putnam & Roberts
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2127:The Daily News (Lebanon, Pennsylvania)
2123:"Politics in County, State and Nation"
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1828:
1734:
1660:
1635:Matthews, Frank M. (15 October 1966).
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523:in Pennsylvania, the formation of the
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1941:
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1302:
1288:The Sentinel (Carlisle, Pennsylvania)
1123:
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466:moderate wing of the Republican Party
3208:Lieutenant governors of Pennsylvania
2153:The Tribune (Scranton, Pennsylvania)
2015:
1864:Hamill, Sean D. (14 December 2006).
1728:
1661:Random, Roderick (5 November 1966).
1503:"Let's Talk Politics by Republocrat"
1456:"Raymond P. Shafer: Elected Offices"
1357:"Raymond P. Shafer: Military Career"
1229:"Raymond P. Shafer: Yale Law School"
991:
2479:Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania
2371:Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania
2174:Sterling, Eric E. (21 March 2013).
1192:
1145:
1087:Edinboro University of Pennsylvania
908:1968 Republican National Convention
899:, giving the nominating speech for
776:1964 Republican National Convention
753:lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania
625:. Several Yale classmates, such as
458:lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania
104:Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania
13:
2322:at the Pennsylvania State Archives
2016:Ball, Harry W. (20 January 1971).
1582:
1558:"Here's How GOP Ticket Worked Out"
1313:"Shafer to Speak at Founder's Day"
1091:Indiana University of Pennsylvania
749:that year's gubernatorial election
578:and as an adult was presented the
14:
3269:
3248:20th-century American politicians
2307:
1968:McClure, James (4 January 2018).
1944:"Notes from a Newsman's Notebook"
1916:Denison, Mason (31 August 1971).
2973:
2586:
1997:. National Governors Association
1770:"Governor Raymond Philip Shafer"
1018:after the panel recommended the
957:Republican Governors Association
841:, and died later that November.
798:
432:
423:
398:
373:
355:
3258:TelePrompTer Corporation people
3253:Presidents of Allegheny College
2270:Marijuana: A Reference Handbook
2260:
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2167:
2141:
2115:
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2036:
2009:
1987:
1961:
1935:
1909:
1883:
1857:
1806:
1792:"Raymond P. Shafer: Republican"
1784:
1706:
1680:
1654:
1628:
1602:
1585:"Broderick is Opening Pa. Tour"
1576:
1550:
1470:
1405:
1381:. Syracuse University Libraries
1257:Brislin, Gene (13 March 1966).
1073:Shafer was awarded an honorary
648:and Ray joined the law firm of
580:Distinguished Eagle Scout Award
503:, Shafer entered politics as a
284:
2314:Biography of Raymond P. Shafer
1478:"Raymond P. Shafer: Biography"
1371:
1349:
1276:
1221:
968:National Governors Association
780:president of the United States
1:
1942:Gress, Ted (8 January 1971).
1203:"Raymond P. Shafer 1917-2006"
1117:
1041:, which was then the largest
890:Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
815:Pennsylvania Attorney General
638:
475:, and spent his childhood in
3228:American Disciples of Christ
1995:"Gov. Raymond Philip Shafer"
1735:Sidman, Robert (June 1969).
1060:Council on Foreign Relations
663:officer and later served on
655:In 1942, Shafer entered the
546:at the request of President
7:
3223:United States Navy officers
1438:Pennsylvania Manual 1959–60
1284:"Obituaries for 05/27/1999"
1133:. Pennsylvania State Senate
1104:
733:anti-housing discrimination
540:1970 gubernatorial election
460:from 1963 to 1967 and as a
10:
3274:
2296:Richey, Iris, ed. (1959).
1379:"Raymond P. Shafer Papers"
1178:"Raymond P. Shafer Papers"
1066:at St. John's Cemetery in
995:
897:1968 presidential election
833:collapsed and fell into a
802:
462:Pennsylvania state senator
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2389:Pennsylvania State Senate
2387:
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2368:
2360:
2350:
2341:
2333:
2328:
2275:Santa Barbara, California
2267:Newton, David E. (2017).
2231:Allegheny College Kaldron
2049:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1692:The Philadelphia Inquirer
987:Post-gubernatorial career
937:Interstate Highway System
857:The Philadelphia Inquirer
767:and State Representative
695:, as well as the rank of
621:, barrister's union, and
443:
419:
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54:
46:
42:
30:
23:
3243:Allegheny College alumni
2446:Governor of Pennsylvania
2427:Party political offices
2344:Governor of Pennsylvania
2320:Raymond P. Shafer Papers
1741:West Virginia Law Review
1039:TelePrompTer Corporation
794:Governor of Pennsylvania
788:Meyersdale, Pennsylvania
568:New Castle, Pennsylvania
550:, which recommended the
473:New Castle, Pennsylvania
454:governor of Pennsylvania
237:New Castle, Pennsylvania
49:Governor of Pennsylvania
2299:The Pennsylvania Manual
2074:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1641:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1263:The Scrantonian Tribune
1131:"Raymond Philip Shafer"
699:during his tour in the
572:Meadville, Pennsylvania
255:Meadville, Pennsylvania
3238:Yale Law School alumni
2316:from Allegheny College
2198:"Ray Shafer Loses Job"
2022:The Lebanon Daily News
1081:in 1968. A section of
976:gubernatorial election
521:constitutional reforms
1507:Meyersdale Republican
1055:Coopers & Lybrand
1033:Later life and legacy
932:as his running mate.
584:Boy Scouts of America
562:Early life and career
450:Raymond Philip Shafer
387:Years of service
230:Raymond Philip Shafer
2983:Lieutenant governors
2894:Lieutenant governors
1562:The Pittsburgh Press
724:state representative
687:. Shafer earned the
479:. He graduated from
2406:Pennsylvania Senate
2103:. Allegheny College
1794:. Allegheny College
1583:AP (13 June 1966).
1480:. Allegheny College
1458:. Allegheny College
1359:. Allegheny College
1322:. 8 November 1968.
1320:The Drexel Triangle
1231:. Allegheny College
961:California governor
949:1969 York Race Riot
765:Richardson Dilworth
471:Shafer was born in
468:in the late 1960s.
158:Pennsylvania Senate
16:American politician
2329:Political offices
2076:. 16 December 2006
2024:. Associated Press
1948:Lebanon Daily News
1896:The New York Times
1870:The New York Times
1839:"A Chance to Lead"
1616:. 22 November 1966
1614:The New York Times
1207:Allegheny Magazine
922:The New York Times
904:Nelson Rockefeller
882:state constitution
874:Governor's Mansion
868:Tenure (1967–1971)
661:naval intelligence
657:United States Navy
607:Rhodes Scholarship
493:United States Navy
491:and Meadville and
438:Purple Heart Medal
381:United States Navy
277:Jane Harris Davies
37:Shafer in May 1967
3180:
3179:
2912:(1777–1790)
2860:
2859:
2540:(1777–1790)
2489:
2488:
2458:Raymond Broderick
2455:Succeeded by
2417:Succeeded by
2381:Raymond Broderick
2378:Succeeded by
2364:John Morgan Davis
2351:Succeeded by
2204:. 20 October 1973
1974:York Daily Record
1694:. 3 November 1966
1564:. 11 January 1966
1509:. 5 November 1964
1079:Drexel University
1051:Watergate scandal
1020:decriminalization
998:Shafer Commission
992:Shafer Commission
927:Maryland governor
901:New York governor
852:The Times-Tribune
831:David L. Lawrence
811:Richard Schweiker
718:to represent the
708:district attorney
673:executive officer
619:intramural sports
591:Allegheny College
552:decriminalization
544:Shafer Commission
511:, under Governor
505:district attorney
481:Allegheny College
447:
446:
429:Bronze Star Medal
309:Allegheny College
248:December 12, 2006
149:Raymond Broderick
137:John Morgan Davis
72:Raymond Broderick
3265:
2987:
2977:
2976:
2913:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2864:
2863:
2600:
2590:
2589:
2541:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2465:Preceded by
2432:Preceded by
2414:1959–1962
2395:Preceded by
2375:1963–1967
2361:Preceded by
2348:1967–1971
2334:Preceded by
2326:
2325:
2303:
2292:
2273:(2nd ed.).
2255:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2228:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2097:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1845:. 16 August 1968
1835:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1589:Gettysburg Times
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1452:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1336:
1330:. Archived from
1317:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1254:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1174:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1127:
1043:cable television
1012:Washington, D.C.
727:to accumulate a
685:Battle of Manila
643:
640:
615:Bachelor of Laws
603:Bachelor of Arts
529:state income tax
436:
427:
402:
379:
377:
376:
361:
359:
358:
346:Military service
288:
286:
251:
240:
221:Personal details
194:
184:
175:
160:
145:
133:
114:
92:
80:
59:
35:
21:
20:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2911:
2910:
2909:Vice-presidents
2904:
2898:vice-presidents
2891:
2861:
2856:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2519:
2482:
2470:
2460:
2449:
2437:
2422:
2413:
2400:
2383:
2374:
2366:
2356:
2347:
2339:
2310:
2289:
2263:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2178:. HuffPost Blog
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2155:. 23 March 1972
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1337:on 4 April 2018
1334:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1255:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1107:
1064:military honors
1047:Jack Kent Cooke
1035:
1000:
994:
989:
981:Dudley Do-Right
870:
862:Leonard Staisey
807:
801:
796:
741:
729:liberal-leaning
712:Crawford County
701:Pacific theater
641:
611:Yale Law School
564:
485:Yale Law School
431:
374:
372:
356:
354:
341:
318:Yale Law School
316:
290:
287: 1941)
282:
278:
262:Political party
253:
249:
235:
234:
232:
231:
207:Crawford County
192:
182:
176:
171:
161:
156:
143:
131:
115:
110:
90:
78:
60:
55:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3271:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2890:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2420:Rowland Mahany
2418:
2415:
2404:Member of the
2401:
2398:Rowland Mahany
2396:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2376:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2349:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2308:External links
2306:
2305:
2304:
2293:
2287:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2254:, p. 227.
2244:
2215:
2189:
2166:
2140:
2129:. 23 July 1971
2114:
2087:
2061:
2035:
2008:
1986:
1960:
1934:
1908:
1882:
1856:
1827:
1805:
1783:
1758:
1727:
1705:
1679:
1653:
1627:
1601:
1575:
1549:
1538:. 19 June 1964
1520:
1491:
1469:
1442:
1440:, p. 520.
1430:
1404:
1402:, p. 209.
1392:
1370:
1348:
1301:
1275:
1242:
1220:
1191:
1144:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1103:
1075:Doctor of Laws
1034:
1031:
996:Main article:
993:
990:
988:
985:
959:and succeeded
953:National Guard
869:
866:
847:price controls
800:
797:
795:
792:
769:Stephen McCann
759:ticket led by
740:
737:
599:Phi Beta Kappa
563:
560:
445:
444:
441:
440:
421:
417:
416:
411:
407:
406:
396:
392:
391:
388:
384:
383:
370:
369:Branch/service
366:
365:
352:
348:
347:
343:
342:
340:
339:
336:
332:
330:
326:
325:
306:
300:
299:
296:
292:
291:
280:
276:
275:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
252:(aged 89)
246:
242:
241:
229:
227:
223:
222:
218:
217:
214:
213:
203:
199:
198:
197:Rowland Mahany
195:
189:
188:
187:Rowland Mahany
185:
179:
178:
168:
167:
155:Member of the
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
134:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
107:
106:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
69:
63:
62:
52:
51:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3270:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2981:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2594:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2435:Bill Scranton
2430:
2425:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2410:50th District
2407:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2337:Bill Scranton
2332:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2288:9781440850523
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2253:
2248:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2177:
2170:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2023:
2019:
2012:
1996:
1990:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1844:
1843:TIME Magazine
1840:
1834:
1832:
1815:
1809:
1793:
1787:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1715:
1709:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1479:
1473:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1419:. 21 May 1958
1418:
1414:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1380:
1374:
1358:
1352:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1290:. 27 May 1999
1289:
1285:
1279:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1230:
1224:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
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3198:2006 deaths
3193:1917 births
2722:Pennypacker
2468:John Walker
2252:Newton 2017
1400:Newton 2017
930:Spiro Agnew
689:Bronze Star
681:Philippines
642: 1945
631:Gerald Ford
576:Eagle Scout
183:Preceded by
132:Preceded by
79:Preceded by
3187:Categories
2955:Muhlenberg
2817:Thornburgh
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1213:2 February
1118:References
945:income tax
878:Harrisburg
819:Hugh Scott
803:See also:
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697:lieutenant
677:Manila Bay
623:moot court
404:Lieutenant
351:Allegiance
335:Politician
329:Occupation
304:Alma mater
266:Republican
67:Lieutenant
25:Ray Shafer
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3134:Jubelirer
3129:Schweiker
3109:Broderick
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2832:Schweiker
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2596:Governors
2568:Dickinson
2522:Governors
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2080:9 January
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1953:9 January
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1513:7 January
1268:9 January
886:home rule
556:marijuana
477:Meadville
390:1942–1945
205:Parts of
173:In office
162:from the
112:In office
102:23rd
57:In office
47:39th
3172:A. Davis
3167:(acting)
3144:Scarnati
3119:Scranton
3099:J. Davis
3054:D. Davis
3039:Reynolds
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2762:Earle
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