1771:
1014:, as this disease is likely to recur in the transplanted kidney if a calcineurin-inhibitor is used. However, on 7 October 2008, the FDA approved safety labeling revisions for sirolimus to warn of the risk for decreased renal function associated with its use. In 2009, the FDA notified healthcare professionals that a clinical trial conducted by Wyeth showed an increased mortality in stable liver transplant patients after switching from a calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppressive regimen to sirolimus. A 2019 cohort study of nearly 10,000 lung transplant recipients in the US demonstrated significantly improved long-term survival using sirolimus + tacrolimus instead of mycophenolate mofetil + tacrolimus for immunosuppressive therapy starting at one year after transplant.
687:
664:
1991:
51:
1810:
1823:
1148:
malformations in recent years, sirolimus has emerged as a new medical treatment option for both vascular tumors and vascular malformations, as a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), capable of integrating signals from the PI3K/AKT pathway to coordinate proper cell growth and proliferation. Hence, sirolimus is ideal for "proliferative" vascular tumors through the control of tissue overgrowth disorders caused by inappropriate activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as an antiproliferative agent.
753:
1791:
1686:
2121:, increased elderly patients' immune response on an intermittent dose. This led to many in the anti-aging community self-experimenting with the compound. However, because of the different biochemical properties of Sirolimus the dosing is potentially very different than everolimus. Ultimately, due to known side effects of sirolimus, as well as inadequate evidence for optimal dosing, more research is required before sirolimus could be widely prescribed for this purpose.
42:
1165:
after using the drug. The reports involved a total of 84 patients, and improvement was observed in 94% of subjects, especially if treatment began during the early stages of the disease. Sirolimus treatment was applied in several different formulations (ointment, gel, solution, and cream), ranging from 0.003 to 1% concentrations. Reported adverse effects included one case of perioral dermatitis, one case of cephalea, and four cases of irritation.
2244:. In this application, rapamycin is added to cells expressing two fusion constructs, one of which contains the rapamycin-binding FRB domain from mTOR and the other of which contains an FKBP domain. Each fusion protein also contains additional domains that are brought into proximity when rapamycin induces binding of FRB and FKBP. In this way, rapamycin can be used to control and study protein localization and interactions.
9958:
805:
InChI=1S/C51H79NO13/c1-30-16-12-11-13-17-31(2)42(61-8)28-38-21-19-36(7)51(60,65-38)48(57)49(58)52-23-15-14-18-39(52)50(59)64-43(33(4)26-37-20-22-40(53)44(27-37)62-9)29-41(54)32(3)25-35(6)46(56)47(63-10)45(55)34(5)24-30/h11-13,16-17,25,30,32-34,36-40,42-44,46-47,53,56,60H,14-15,18-24,26-29H2,1-10H3/b13-11+,16-12+,31-17+,35-25+/t30-,32-,33-,34-,36-,37+,38+,39+,40-,42+,43+,44-,46-,47+,51-/m1/s1
1669:
right dose for their condition. This is determined by taking a blood sample before the next dose, which gives the trough level. However, good correlation is noted between trough concentration levels and drug exposure, known as area under the concentration-time curve, for both sirolimus (SRL) and tacrolimus (TAC) (SRL: r2 = 0.83; TAC: r2 = 0.82), so only one level need be taken to know its
2216:, or cystic hygroma, is an abnormal growth of lymphatic vessels that usually affects children around the head and neck. Treatment often consists of to removal of the tissue, but the rate of recurrence is high. Sirolimus has shown evidence of being helpful in alleviating symptoms and reducing the size of the malformation.
2112:
of various diseases of aging. Sirolimus was first shown to extend lifespan in wild-type mice in a study published by NIH investigators in 2009; the studies have been replicated in mice of many different genetic backgrounds. A study published in 2020 found late-life sirolimus dosing schedules enhanced
1164:
complex (TSC). Facial angiofibromas occur in 80% of patients with TSC, and the condition is very disfiguring. A retrospective review of
English-language medical publications reporting on topical sirolimus treatment of facial angiofibromas found sixteen separate studies with positive patient outcomes
2113:
mouse lifespan in a sex-specific manner where limited rapamycin exposure enhanced male lifespan but not female, providing evidence for sex differences in sirolimus response. The results are further supported by the finding that genetically modified mice with impaired mTORC1 signalling live longer.
1969:
it, thereby introducing the diversity of functionalities observed in rapamycin (figure 1). Once the linear polyketide is complete, L-pipecolic acid, which is synthesized by a lysine cycloamidase from an L-lysine, is added to the terminal end of the polyketide by an NRPS. Then, the NSPS cyclizes the
1755:
of rapamycin are organized into three multienzymes, RapA, RapB, and RapC, which contain a total of 14 modules (figure 1). The three multienzymes are organized such that the first four modules of polyketide chain elongation are in RapA, the following six modules for continued elongation are in RapB,
1033:
are possible side effects of sirolimus; therefore, some transplant centers prefer not to use it immediately after the transplant operation, but instead administer it only after a period of weeks or months. Its optimal role in immunosuppression has not yet been determined, and it remains the subject
1126:
to prevent restenosis in coronary arteries following balloon angioplasty. The sirolimus is formulated in a polymer coating that affords controlled release through the healing period following coronary intervention. Several large clinical studies have demonstrated lower restenosis rates in patients
1668:
The bioavailabiliy of sirolimus is low, and the absorption of sirolimus into the blood stream from the intestine varies widely between patients, with some patients having up to eight times more exposure than others for the same dose. Drug levels are, therefore, taken to make sure patients get the
1623:
mTOR has also been called FRAP (FKBP-rapamycin-associated protein), RAFT (rapamycin and FKBP target), RAPT1, or SEP. The earlier names FRAP and RAFT were coined to reflect the fact that sirolimus must bind FKBP12 first, and only the FKBP12-sirolimus complex can bind mTOR. However, mTOR is now the
1834:, prerapamycin (figure 2), is then modified (figure 3) by an additional five enzymes, which lead to the final product, rapamycin. First, the core macrocycle is modified by RapI, SAM-dependent O-methyltransferase (MTase), which O-methylates at C39. Next, a carbonyl is installed at C9 by RapJ, a
2006:
The antiproliferative effects of sirolimus may have a role in treating cancer. When dosed appropriately, sirolimus can enhance the immune response to tumor targeting or otherwise promote tumor regression in clinical trials. Sirolimus seems to lower the cancer risk in some transplant patients.
1216:
The most common adverse reactions (≥20% occurrence, leading to an 11% treatment discontinuation rate) observed with sirolimus in clinical studies for the treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis are: peripheral edema, hypercholesterolemia, abdominal pain, headache, nausea, diarrhea, chest pain,
1147:
Sirolimus is used to treat vascular malformations. Treatment with sirolimus can decrease pain and the fullness of vascular malformations, improve coagulation levels, and slow the growth of abnormal lymphatic vessels. Sirolimus is a relatively new medical therapy for the treatment of vascular
2089:(TSC), a congenital disorder that predisposes those afflicted to benign tumor growth in the brain, heart, kidneys, skin, and other organs. After several studies conclusively linked mTOR inhibitors to remission in TSC tumors, specifically subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in children and
1438:, which results in diabetes-like symptoms. This includes decreased glucose tolerance and insensitivity to insulin. Sirolimus treatment may additionally increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. In mouse studies, these symptoms can be avoided through the use of alternate dosing regimens or
1936:
have been identified to code for enzymes that have a positive regulatory role in the preparation of rapamycin through the control of rapamycin PKS gene expression. Biosynthesis of this 31-membered macrocycle begins as the loading domain is primed with the starter unit,
2232:. While contrasted results were obtained in clinical trials, pre-clinical studies have shown that Rapamycin can mitigate GVHD by increasing the proliferation of regulatory T cells, inhibiting cytotoxic T cells and lowering the differentiation of effector T cells.
4489:
Aparicio JF, Molnár I, Schwecke T, König A, Haydock SF, Khaw LE, et al. (February 1996). "Organization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for rapamycin in
Streptomyces hygroscopicus: analysis of the enzymatic domains in the modular polyketide synthase".
4348:
Gregory MA, Gaisser S, Lill RE, Hong H, Sheridan RM, Wilkinson B, et al. (May 2004). "Isolation and characterization of pre-rapamycin, the first macrocyclic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the immunosuppressant rapamycin by S. hygroscopicus".
2116:
Sirolimus has potential for widespread use as a longevity-promoting drug, with evidence pointing to its ability to prevent age-associated decline of cognitive and physical health. In 2014, researchers at
Novartis showed a related compound,
2148:
When applied as a topical preparation, researchers showed that rapamycin can regenerate collagen and reverse clinical signs of aging in elderly patients. The concentrations are far lower than those used to treat angiofibromas.
1176:
The most common adverse reactions (≥30% occurrence, leading to a 5% treatment discontinuation rate) observed with sirolimus in clinical studies of organ rejection prophylaxis in individuals with kidney transplants include:
4027:
Errasti P, Izquierdo D, Martín P, Errasti M, Slon F, Romero A, et al. (October 2010). "Pneumonitis associated with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in renal transplant recipients: a single-center experience".
1838:
monooxygenases (P-450). Then, RapM, another MTase, O-methylates at C16. Finally, RapN, another P-450, installs a hydroxyl at C27 immediately followed by O-methylation by Rap Q, a distinct MTase, at C27 to yield rapamycin.
5846:
4240:
McAlister VC, Mahalati K, Peltekian KM, Fraser A, MacDonald AS (June 2002). "A clinical pharmacokinetic study of tacrolimus and sirolimus combination immunosuppression comparing simultaneous to separated administration".
975:
In the EU, sirolimus, as
Rapamune, is indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adults at low to moderate immunological risk receiving a renal transplant and, as Hyftor, is indicated for the treatment of facial
1770:
3317:
Balestri R, Neri I, Patrizi A, Angileri L, Ricci L, Magnano M (January 2015). "Analysis of current data on the use of topical rapamycin in the treatment of facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis complex".
1777:
1673:(PK) profile. PK profiles of SRL and of TAC are unaltered by simultaneous administration. Dose-corrected drug exposure of TAC correlates with SRL (r2 = 0.8), so patients have similar bioavailability of both.
2108:, specifically mTORC1, was first shown to be important in aging in 2003, in a study on worms; sirolimus was shown to inhibit and slow aging in worms, yeast, and flies, and then to improve the condition of
1077:
group in 89 patients for 12 months. The patients were observed for 12 months after the treatment had ended. The most commonly reported side effects of sirolimus treatment of LAM were mouth and lip ulcers,
2140:
are decreased, which suggests an immunosuppressive response. The duration of the inhibition and the exact extent to which mTORC1 and mTORC2 are inhibited play a role, but are not yet well understood.
1046:(LAM), a rare, progressive lung disease that primarily affects women of childbearing age. This made sirolimus the first drug approved to treat this disease. LAM involves lung tissue infiltration with
1470:
3793:
Das BB, Shoemaker L, Subramanian S, Johnsrude C, Recto M, Austin EH (March 2007). "Acute sirolimus pulmonary toxicity in an infant heart transplant recipient: case report and literature review".
2912:
4731:
Sun SY, Rosenberg LM, Wang X, Zhou Z, Yue P, Fu H, et al. (August 2005). "Activation of Akt and eIF4E survival pathways by rapamycin-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition".
3828:
Delgado JF, Torres J, José Ruiz-Cano M, Sánchez V, Escribano P, Borruel S, et al. (September 2006). "Sirolimus-associated interstitial pneumonitis in 3 heart transplant recipients".
1653:. It has linear pharmacokinetics. In studies on N=6 and N=36 subjects, peak concentration was obtained in 1.3 hours +/r- 0.5 hours and the terminal elimination was slow, with a
3369:
2905:"Aadi Bioscience Announces FDA Approval of its First Product Fyarro for Patients with Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor (PEComa)"
2097:(Novartis's RAD001) to TSC patients off-label. Numerous clinical trials using both rapamycin analogs, involving both children and adults with TSC, are underway in the United States.
134:
3164:
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8947:
5838:
9892:
5686:"Rapamycin inhibits the generation of graft-versus-host disease- and graft-versus-leukemia-causing T cells by interfering with the production of Th1 or Th1 cytotoxic cytokines"
5894:
1764:
is modified by the NRPS, RapP, which attaches L-pipecolate to the terminal end of the polyketide, and then cyclizes the molecule, yielding the unbound product, prerapamycin.
5135:
1589:, but it has a similar suppressive effect on the immune system. Sirolimus inhibits IL-2 and other cytokine receptor-dependent signal transduction mechanisms, via action on
7516:
2419:
2389:
2352:
4205:
Leung LY, Lim HK, Abell MW, Zimmerman JJ (February 2006). "Pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of sirolimus in healthy male volunteers after a single oral dose".
1630:
that identified FKBP12, Tor1, and Tor2 as the targets of sirolimus and provided robust support that the FKBP12-sirolimus complex binds to and inhibits Tor1 and Tor2.
9168:
9158:
4815:
Wendel HG, De
Stanchina E, Fridman JS, Malina A, Ray S, Kogan S, et al. (March 2004). "Survival signalling by Akt and eIF4E in oncogenesis and cancer therapy".
5157:
Mannick JB, Del
Giudice G, Lattanzi M, Valiante NM, Praestgaard J, Huang B, et al. (December 2014). "mTOR inhibition improves immune function in the elderly".
3863:
McWilliams TJ, Levvey BJ, Russell PA, Milne DG, Snell GI (February 2003). "Interstitial pneumonitis associated with sirolimus: a dilemma for lung transplantation".
1127:
treated with sirolimus-eluting stents when compared to bare-metal stents, resulting in fewer repeat procedures. A sirolimus-eluting coronary stent was marketed by
5792:
Rivera VM, Clackson T, Natesan S, Pollock R, Amara JF, Keenan T, et al. (September 1996). "A humanized system for pharmacologic control of gene expression".
2205:
and that inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin may be a disease-modifying treatment. As of 2016 rapamycin had been tested in small clinical trials in people with lupus.
8983:
4454:
Gatto GJ, Boyne MT, Kelleher NL, Walsh CT (March 2006). "Biosynthesis of pipecolic acid by RapL, a lysine cyclodeaminase encoded in the rapamycin gene cluster".
2762:
9173:
1616:(FKBP12) in a manner similar to tacrolimus. Unlike the tacrolimus-FKBP12 complex, which inhibits calcineurin (PP2B), the sirolimus-FKBP12 complex inhibits the
3898:
Aparicio G, Calvo MB, Medina V, Fernández O, Jiménez P, Lema M, et al. (August 2009). "Comprehensive lung injury pathology induced by mTOR inhibitors".
193:
8940:
9153:
3673:
3044:"Survival Associated With Sirolimus Plus Tacrolimus Maintenance Without Induction Therapy Compared With Standard Immunosuppression After Lung Transplant"
1006:
is its low toxicity toward kidneys. Transplant patients maintained on calcineurin inhibitors long-term tend to develop impaired kidney function or even
5870:
5209:
4384:
Gregory MA, Hong H, Lill RE, Gaisser S, Petkovic H, Low L, et al. (October 2006). "Rapamycin biosynthesis: Elucidation of gene product function".
9822:
3107:
2904:
4874:
7509:
100:
8933:
2158:
9023:
6004:
Geeurickx M, Labarque V (September 2021). "A narrative review of the role of sirolimus in the treatment of congenital vascular malformations".
1236:
The following adverse effects occurred in 3–20% of individuals taking sirolimus for organ rejection prophylaxis following a kidney transplant:
3361:
2882:
2499:
Text was copied from this source which is copyright
European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
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There have been warnings about the use of sirolimus in transplants, where it may increase mortality due to an increased risk of infections.
9842:
7373:
7231:
6074:
3768:
777:
5066:
A diverse and severe set of negative side effects likely preclude the wide-scale use of rapamycin and its analogs as a prolongevity agent.
3552:
Chhajed PN, Dickenmann M, Bubendorf L, Mayr M, Steiger J, Tamm M (2006). "Patterns of pulmonary complications associated with sirolimus".
3012:
965:
Sirolimus (Fyarro), as protein-bound particles, is indicated for the treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic
9334:
9213:
9093:
7502:
7383:
7069:
6510:
3172:
2452:
9817:
9514:
9454:
4709:
4170:
Ferron GM, Mishina EV, Zimmerman JJ, Jusko WJ (April 1997). "Population pharmacokinetics of sirolimus in kidney transplant patients".
2619:"Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of the producing streptomycete and isolation of the active principle"
9602:
9208:
9123:
5635:"New perspectives on the use of mTOR inhibitors in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and graft-versus-host disease"
918:. The compound was originally named rapamycin after the native name of the island, Rapa Nui. Sirolimus was initially developed as an
1620:(mammalian Target Of Rapamycin, rapamycin being another name for sirolimus) pathway by directly binding to mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1).
9264:
6990:
5886:
5127:
3646:"Sirolimus-induced pneumonitis complicated by pentamidine-induced phospholipidosis in a renal transplant recipient: a case report"
1531:
Individuals taking sirolimus are at increased risk of experiencing impaired or delayed wound healing, particularly if they have a
8508:
8151:
2229:
4997:
2411:
2381:
2344:
1970:
polyketide, giving prerapamycin, the first enzyme-free product. The macrocyclic core is then customized by a series of post-PKS
5735:"Comprehensive analysis of the immunomodulatory effects of rapamycin on human T cells in graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis"
2557:
2984:
2945:
1928:
have been identified as coding for tailoring enzymes that modify the macrocyclic core to give rapamycin (figure 3). Finally,
5924:
Benjamin D, Colombi M, Moroni C, Hall MN (October 2011). "Rapamycin passes the torch: a new generation of mTOR inhibitors".
2990:
2951:
7644:
2522:
969:
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1487:
pathway. The interstitial pneumonitis is not dose-dependent, but is more common in patients with underlying lung disease.
1010:; this can be avoided by using sirolimus instead. It is particularly advantageous in patients with kidney transplants for
4114:
Heitman J, Movva NR, Hall MN (August 1991). "Targets for cell cycle arrest by the immunosuppressant rapamycin in yeast".
1624:
widely accepted name, since Tor was first discovered via genetic and molecular studies of sirolimus-resistant mutants of
1465:
1318:
5339:"Topical rapamycin reduces markers of senescence and aging in human skin: an exploratory, prospective, randomized trial"
3502:"Alternative rapamycin treatment regimens mitigate the impact of rapamycin on glucose homeostasis and the immune system"
1945:
ring of the starting unit is reduced during the transfer to module 1. The starting unit is then modified by a series of
10003:
8622:
4939:"Efficacy and safety of mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and its analogues) for tuberous sclerosis complex: a meta-analysis"
2754:
10013:
6933:
6303:
2133:
1226:
1083:
822:
797:
130:
117:
5448:"Rapamycin: A Bacteria-Derived Immunosuppressant That Has Anti-atherosclerotic Effects and Its Clinical Application"
2193:, thereby lowering the risk of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL cholesterol is a major contributor to atherosclerosis.
8967:
8042:
7568:
6067:
9742:
7342:
4527:"Regulating mammalian target of rapamycin to tune vaccination-induced CD8(+) T cell responses for tumor immunity"
2241:
1801:
1744:
1059:
872:
361:
253:
81:
5839:"Study to assess healthy aging in dogs: the Dog Aging Project and Test of Rapamycin in Aging Dogs (TRIAD study)"
4419:
Graziani EI (May 2009). "Recent advances in the chemistry, biosynthesis and pharmacology of rapamycin analogs".
9978:
9424:
3645:
2835:
Pritchard DI (May 2005). "Sourcing a chemical succession for cyclosporin from parasites and human pathogens".
2186:
1617:
785:
O1CC(C1OC)C(C)4CC(=O)(C)/C=C(\C)(O)(OC)C(=O)(C)C(C)\C=C\C=C\C=C(/C)(OC)C2CC(C)(O)(O2)C(=O)C(=O)N3CCCC3C(=O)O4
5862:
5201:
2201:
As of 2016, studies in cells, animals, and humans have suggested that mTOR activation as process underlying
10018:
9934:
8388:
6139:
3103:
3099:
3016:
2876:
2202:
931:
682:
535:
3129:
Shuchman M (November 2006). "Trading restenosis for thrombosis? New questions about drug-eluting stents".
997:
9983:
9469:
9163:
8956:
8569:
7545:
6248:
6060:
4866:
3595:
Morelon E, Stern M, Israël-Biet D, Correas JM, Danel C, Mamzer-Bruneel MF, et al. (September 2001).
2289:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
2034:. However, these drugs have a higher rate of fatal adverse events in cancer patients than control drugs.
1511:. In studies, the skin cancer risk under sirolimus was lower than under other immunosuppressants such as
643:
7494:
5537:"Activation of the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin in SLE: Explosion of Evidence in the Last Five Years"
3951:
Paris A, Goupil F, Kernaonet E, Foulet-Rogé A, Molinier O, Gagnadoux F, et al. (January 2012). "".
2224:
Due to its immunosuppressant activity, Rapamycin has been assessed as prophylaxis or treatment agent of
9948:
8694:
8543:
8292:
7794:
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2661:
2086:
1051:
906:
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95:
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9274:
9113:
9852:
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8029:
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7176:
3988:"Drug-related pneumonitis in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with temsirolimus"
3644:
Filippone EJ, Carson JM, Beckford RA, Jaffe BC, Newman E, Awsare BK, et al. (September 2011).
2870:
1862:
encode for three extremely large and complex multienzymes, RapA, RapB, and RapC, respectively. The
1626:
1476:
1074:
1043:
959:
922:
agent. However, this use was abandoned when it was discovered to have potent immunosuppressive and
856:
659:
17:
3500:
Arriola Apelo SI, Neuman JC, Baar EL, Syed FA, Cummings NE, Brar HK, et al. (February 2016).
1108:
The safety of LAM treatment by sirolimus in people younger than 18 years old has not been tested.
7525:
7171:
5080:"Rapamycin-mediated mouse lifespan extension: Late-life dosage regimes with sex-specific effects"
2053:
in mice. Akt signalling promotes cell survival in Akt-positive lymphomas and acts to prevent the
2027:
1994:
A plaque, written in
Portuguese, commemorating the discovery of sirolimus on Easter Island, near
1388:
1198:
171:
63:
1961:, the growing polyketide is further modified according to enzymatic domains that are present to
1826:
Figure 4: Proposed mechanism of lysine cyclodeaminase conversion of L-lysine to L-pipecolic acid
1697:
9414:
9043:
8397:
7880:
7609:
6976:
6402:
6083:
3745:
3597:"Characteristics of sirolimus-associated interstitial pneumonitis in renal transplant patients"
3276:
Triana P, Dore M, Cerezo VN, Cervantes M, Sánchez AV, Ferrero MM, et al. (February 2017).
1657:
around 60 hours +/- 10 hours. Sirolimus was not found to effect the concentration of
1286:
1278:
625:
308:
186:
5963:"Efficacy and safety of sirolimus in the treatment of vascular anomalies: A systematic review"
3396:"Rapamycin-induced insulin resistance is mediated by mTORC2 loss and uncoupled from longevity"
524:
9998:
7955:
7895:
7865:
7768:
7604:
7163:
5337:
Chung CL, Lawrence I, Hoffman M, Elgindi D, Nadhan K, Potnis M, et al. (December 2019).
5078:
Strong R, Miller RA, Bogue M, Fernandez E, Javors MA, Libert S, et al. (November 2020).
3394:
Lamming DW, Ye L, Katajisto P, Goncalves MD, Saitoh M, Stevens DM, et al. (March 2012).
3042:
Wijesinha M, Hirshon JM, Terrin M, Magder L, Brown C, Stafford K, et al. (August 2019).
2444:
1846:
responsible for rapamycin synthesis have been identified. As expected, three extremely large
1654:
1586:
1562:, whereas inducers of CYP3A4 and P-gp may decrease sirolimus concentrations in blood plasma.
1516:
1026:
1018:
1003:
947:
919:
584:
9259:
9249:
5961:
Freixo C, Ferreira V, Martins J, Almeida R, Caldeira D, Rosa M, et al. (January 2020).
4289:
Schwecke T, Aparicio JF, Molnár I, König A, Khaw LE, Haydock SF, et al. (August 1995).
3695:
Pham PT, Pham PC, Danovitch GM, Ross DJ, Gritsch HA, Kendrick EA, et al. (April 2004).
9597:
9569:
9559:
9178:
7810:
7705:
7542:
5497:
Stocker R, Keaney JF (October 2004). "Role of oxidative modifications in atherosclerosis".
5402:
5244:
4824:
4302:
4123:
3407:
2479:
2069:. Sirolimus blocks Akt signalling and the cells lose their resistance to the chemotherapy.
2050:
2031:
1954:
1946:
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1132:
1047:
544:
459:
330:
182:
9254:
4701:
4653:"A new role for sirolimus: regression of Kaposi's sarcoma in kidney-transplant recipients"
4525:
Li Q, Rao R, Vazzana J, Goedegebuure P, Odunsi K, Gillanders W, et al. (April 2012).
4063:
Euvrard S, Morelon E, Rostaing L, Goffin E, Brocard A, Tromme I, et al. (July 2012).
1815:
Figure 3: Sequence of "tailoring" steps, which convert unbound prerapamycin into rapamycin
236:
8:
9993:
9399:
9299:
9223:
8925:
8663:
7930:
7920:
7740:
6384:
3986:
Maroto JP, Hudes G, Dutcher JP, Logan TF, White CS, Krygowski M, et al. (May 2011).
2253:
2038:
2011:
1847:
1797:
1740:
450:
178:
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6046:
for "A Phase 2 Study of ABI-009 in
Patients With Advanced Malignant PEComa (AMPECT)" at
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5248:
4828:
4306:
4127:
3411:
303:
14% (oral solution), lower with high-fat meals; 18% (tablet), higher with high-fat meals
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9428:
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7333:
6434:
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5992:
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5774:
5715:
5661:
5610:
5585:
5561:
5536:
5474:
5423:
5390:
5363:
5338:
5314:
5289:
5265:
5232:
5182:
5104:
5079:
5052:
5027:
4965:
4938:
4919:
4848:
4792:
4768:"Targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR): a new approach to treating cancer"
4767:
4682:
4599:
4551:
4526:
4266:
4218:
4147:
4041:
3933:
3726:
3661:
3626:
3577:
3526:
3501:
3477:
3452:
3428:
3395:
3343:
3070:
3060:
3043:
2812:
2785:
2730:
2256:
2170:
1282:
1161:
1117:
981:
891:
686:
663:
145:
5733:
Ehx G, Ritacco C, Hannon M, Dubois S, Delens L, Willems E, et al. (August 2021).
4183:
3876:
3713:
3696:
2848:
2592:
10008:
9577:
9284:
7995:
7338:
7328:
6129:
6087:
6021:
5996:
5984:
5941:
5809:
5778:
5766:
5707:
5666:
5615:
5586:"Efficacy of sirolimus in children with lymphatic malformations of the head and neck"
5566:
5514:
5479:
5428:
5368:
5319:
5270:
5186:
5174:
5109:
5057:
4989:
4970:
4840:
4797:
4748:
4686:
4674:
4634:
4630:
4591:
4556:
4507:
4503:
4471:
4436:
4401:
4366:
4330:
4325:
4258:
4254:
4222:
4187:
4139:
4096:
4045:
4009:
3968:
3925:
3880:
3845:
3810:
3760:
3718:
3665:
3618:
3613:
3596:
3569:
3531:
3482:
3433:
3335:
3299:
3258:
3217:
3146:
3075:
2980:
2941:
2852:
2817:
2735:
2640:
2596:
2579:
Simamora P, Alvarez JM, Yalkowsky SH (February 2001). "Solubilization of rapamycin".
2174:
2162:
1938:
1901:
923:
864:
615:
5821:
5719:
4923:
4603:
4270:
3937:
3730:
3630:
3581:
2549:
1990:
484:
9988:
9862:
9582:
9464:
9394:
9279:
9269:
9183:
9033:
7835:
7677:
7672:
7134:
7037:
6700:
6596:
6013:
5974:
5953:
5933:
5801:
5756:
5746:
5697:
5656:
5646:
5605:
5597:
5556:
5548:
5506:
5469:
5459:
5418:
5410:
5358:
5350:
5309:
5301:
5260:
5252:
5166:
5099:
5091:
5047:
5039:
4960:
4950:
4909:
4852:
4832:
4787:
4779:
4740:
4664:
4626:
4583:
4546:
4538:
4499:
4463:
4428:
4393:
4358:
4320:
4310:
4250:
4214:
4179:
4151:
4131:
4086:
4076:
4037:
3999:
3960:
3915:
3907:
3872:
3837:
3802:
3708:
3657:
3608:
3561:
3521:
3513:
3472:
3464:
3423:
3415:
3347:
3327:
3289:
3248:
3207:
3138:
3065:
3055:
2844:
2807:
2797:
2725:
2715:
2630:
2588:
2066:
1835:
1439:
1297:
1210:
1178:
1128:
1095:
1030:
764:
699:
290:
226:
216:
206:
6042:
4744:
2786:"Rapamycin and mTOR: a serendipitous discovery and implications for breast cancer"
9962:
9539:
9434:
9314:
7433:
7318:
5702:
5685:
5391:"Rapamycin as a potential repurpose drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19"
5170:
3841:
3806:
3453:"Sirolimus is associated with new-onset diabetes in kidney transplant recipients"
2974:
2935:
2090:
1717:
1670:
1576:
1532:
1352:
1222:
1139:. However, this kind of stent may also increase the risk of vascular thrombosis.
1122:
The antiproliferative effect of sirolimus has also been used in conjunction with
1029:, to provide steroid-free immunosuppression regimens. Impaired wound healing and
993:
955:
927:
852:
318:
298:
2511:"Immunosuppression With Sirolimus After Solid Organ Transplantation in Children"
2510:
1780:
Figure 1: Domain organization of PKS of rapamycin and biosynthetic intermediates
50:
9887:
9807:
9677:
9534:
9389:
9354:
9013:
8772:
8670:
8618:
8216:
7529:
7323:
7191:
6839:
6673:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6272:
6109:
6017:
5601:
5510:
5354:
5032:
The
Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
4295:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2635:
2618:
2260:
2213:
2166:
2129:
2125:
2015:
1882:
1646:
1558:; hence, inhibitors of either protein may increase sirolimus concentrations in
1551:
1404:
1273:
1265:
1123:
1070:
1007:
848:
5979:
5962:
5552:
5414:
4955:
4291:"The biosynthetic gene cluster for the polyketide immunosuppressant rapamycin"
3964:
3911:
3253:
3236:
3212:
3195:
2093:
in adults, many US doctors began prescribing sirolimus (Wyeth's Rapamune) and
1822:
9972:
9827:
9702:
9587:
9549:
9444:
9409:
9344:
9143:
9103:
9003:
8829:
8719:
8681:
8658:
8590:
8585:
8575:
8351:
8347:
8335:
8142:
7925:
7890:
7710:
7690:
7473:
7403:
7313:
7220:
7006:
6706:
6628:
6580:
6560:
6418:
6334:
6185:
6151:
5464:
5447:
5128:"Late-Life Rapamycin Regimens Extend Mouse Lifespan in a Sex-Specific Manner"
4678:
4542:
4004:
3987:
2137:
1461:
1261:
1168:
In April 2022, sirolimus was approved by the FDA for treating angiofibromas.
1063:
915:
884:
675:
268:
5043:
4315:
4290:
4135:
3419:
2704:"A comprehensive review of immunosuppression used for liver transplantation"
1809:
867:
functions in humans and is especially useful in preventing the rejection of
9912:
9882:
9857:
9812:
9757:
9752:
9737:
9732:
9722:
9717:
9642:
9544:
9524:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9484:
9379:
9369:
9198:
9138:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9038:
9028:
8869:
8854:
8824:
8804:
8686:
8634:
8595:
8483:
8462:
8369:
8331:
8232:
8207:
8203:
8087:
8052:
8005:
7990:
7945:
7820:
7790:
7715:
7533:
7483:
7443:
7428:
7423:
7139:
7089:
7084:
7064:
6944:
6939:
6802:
6787:
6735:
6711:
6658:
6535:
6525:
6344:
6261:
6256:
6214:
6167:
6124:
6091:
6025:
5988:
5945:
5770:
5670:
5619:
5570:
5518:
5483:
5432:
5372:
5323:
5274:
5178:
5113:
5061:
4974:
4937:
Li M, Zhou Y, Chen C, Yang T, Zhou S, Chen S, et al. (February 2019).
4844:
4801:
4783:
4752:
4638:
4595:
4587:
4560:
4475:
4440:
4405:
4370:
4362:
4262:
4226:
4100:
4049:
4013:
3972:
3929:
3884:
3849:
3814:
3764:
3722:
3669:
3622:
3573:
3535:
3486:
3468:
3437:
3339:
3303:
3294:
3277:
3262:
3221:
3150:
3079:
2856:
2821:
2802:
2739:
2665:
2600:
2058:
2019:
1958:
1957:(ACP) and extend the polyketide by two carbons each. After each successive
1757:
1748:
1736:
1559:
1512:
1447:
1408:
1190:
1157:
1136:
1069:
The safety and efficacy of sirolimus treatment of LAM were investigated in
977:
935:
231:
221:
211:
201:
5813:
5711:
4511:
4334:
4191:
4143:
4081:
4065:"Sirolimus and secondary skin-cancer prevention in kidney transplantation"
4064:
3746:"Sirolimus-induced interstitial pneumonitis in a renal transplant patient"
2720:
2703:
2644:
1601:. Ciclosporin and tacrolimus inhibit the secretion of IL-2, by inhibiting
1458:
Lung toxicity is a serious complication associated with sirolimus therapy,
33:
9897:
9867:
9847:
9797:
9672:
9667:
9652:
9622:
9449:
9404:
9364:
9359:
9309:
9304:
9289:
9128:
9088:
8993:
8899:
8879:
8874:
8864:
8844:
8819:
8814:
8797:
8745:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8627:
8554:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8498:
8488:
8468:
8343:
8339:
8327:
8323:
8252:
8156:
8102:
8097:
8062:
8000:
7985:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7940:
7905:
7860:
7840:
7830:
7785:
7750:
7730:
7686:
7649:
7637:
7632:
7594:
7578:
7524:
7478:
7418:
7408:
7398:
7298:
7288:
7278:
7273:
7238:
7149:
7144:
7119:
7109:
7099:
7074:
7059:
7054:
7012:
6982:
6968:
6963:
6949:
6892:
6850:
6845:
6831:
6826:
6812:
6792:
6745:
6721:
6679:
6663:
6634:
6618:
6586:
6570:
6565:
6540:
6490:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6459:
6449:
6354:
6266:
6224:
6209:
6203:
6199:
6146:
5028:"Rapamycin: An InhibiTOR of Aging Emerges From the Soil of Easter Island"
2190:
2109:
2062:
2042:
1975:
1942:
1892:, which is embedded between the PKS genes and translationally coupled to
1721:
1658:
1650:
1602:
1555:
1504:
1416:
1365:
1341:
1309:
1290:
1102:
1087:
951:
5805:
5256:
4836:
4669:
4652:
3142:
1790:
1685:
1475: especially in the case of lung transplants. The mechanism of the
504:
9877:
9837:
9782:
9772:
9712:
9697:
9682:
9662:
9637:
9632:
9612:
9607:
9564:
9554:
9519:
9494:
9474:
9439:
9418:
9374:
9349:
9133:
9098:
9083:
9078:
9047:
9008:
8988:
8914:
8909:
8884:
8849:
8834:
8809:
8792:
8782:
8740:
8711:
8676:
8642:
8559:
8549:
8529:
8493:
8478:
8473:
8443:
8377:
8373:
8355:
8303:
8282:
8242:
8237:
8176:
8107:
8082:
8057:
7980:
7915:
7875:
7870:
7850:
7845:
7825:
7815:
7805:
7720:
7700:
7682:
7590:
7468:
7463:
7448:
7388:
7378:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7303:
7293:
7283:
7248:
7226:
7212:
7124:
7114:
7104:
7094:
7079:
7022:
7017:
6996:
6911:
6906:
6864:
6858:
6759:
6716:
6612:
6602:
6555:
6545:
6520:
6515:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6485:
6444:
6429:
6424:
6408:
6349:
6329:
6278:
6238:
6219:
6161:
5761:
5683:
5095:
4617:
Law BK (October 2005). "Rapamycin: an anti-cancer immunosuppressant?".
4091:
3517:
3194:
Dekeuleneer V, Seront E, Van Damme A, Boon LM, Vikkula M (April 2020).
2345:"Rapamune- sirolimus solution Rapamune- sirolimus tablet, sugar coated"
2118:
2094:
2023:
1937:
4,5-dihydroxocyclohex-1-ene-carboxylic acid, which is derived from the
1831:
1761:
1752:
1582:
1443:
1412:
1399:
1326:
1302:
1257:
1218:
1206:
1194:
1082:, abdominal pain, nausea, sore throat, acne, chest pain, leg swelling,
1022:
895:
729:
515:
6082:
5751:
5734:
5684:
Blazar BR, Taylor PA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Vallera DA (June 1998).
5651:
5634:
4467:
4284:
4282:
4280:
3920:
3565:
3389:
3387:
3362:"FDA Approves Nobelpharma's Topical Treatment for Facial Angiofibroma"
3331:
41:
9792:
9787:
9777:
9762:
9747:
9692:
9647:
9617:
9479:
9459:
9384:
9324:
9319:
9188:
9118:
9108:
9053:
8904:
8894:
8889:
8859:
8839:
8787:
8777:
8765:
8760:
8706:
8701:
8647:
8580:
8453:
8448:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8308:
8298:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8247:
8227:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8171:
8166:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8092:
8072:
8067:
7910:
7900:
7725:
7573:
7458:
7453:
7438:
7413:
7368:
7348:
7308:
7243:
7207:
7129:
6925:
6878:
6807:
6773:
6740:
6550:
6530:
6439:
6179:
4432:
4397:
2264:
2054:
1979:
1966:
1374:
1370:
1313:
966:
934:(FDA) in September 1999. Hyftor was approved for treatment of facial
844:
470:
343:
5937:
5305:
4914:
4897:
9707:
9687:
9657:
9529:
9489:
9339:
9329:
9203:
8654:
8418:
8222:
8161:
8117:
8077:
8047:
7800:
7664:
7660:
7585:
7393:
7268:
6957:
6465:
6375:
6311:
6233:
4277:
3384:
1995:
1508:
1384:
1358:
1345:
1079:
902:
564:
495:
112:
5156:
4574:
Easton JB, Houghton PJ (October 2006). "mTOR and cancer therapy".
3827:
2382:"Fyarro- sirolimus injection, powder, lyophilized, for suspension"
1507:
from exposure to sunlight or UV radiation, and risk of developing
1185:, abdominal pain, headache, nausea, diarrhea, pain, constipation,
752:
631:
9917:
9902:
9832:
9294:
9018:
7758:
6886:
1971:
1950:
1724:
1609:
1520:
1230:
1101:
While sirolimus was considered for treatment of LAM, it received
880:
876:
4239:
3792:
2169:
seen in very serious cases of COVID-19. Moreover, inhibition of
1090:. Serious side effects including hypersensitivity and swelling (
7201:
7032:
4814:
3950:
1897:
1885:(figure 4) for incorporation at the end of the polyketide. The
1878:
1874:
1662:
1642:
1639:
1598:
1594:
1547:
1544:
1435:
1431:
1253:
1202:
1062:
signaling pathway, resulting in the release of lymphangiogenic
868:
595:
3594:
3551:
3320:
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
3193:
3100:"FDA approves Rapamune to treat LAM, a very rare lung disease"
2073:-positive lymphomas were completely resistant to the therapy;
99:
8638:
8364:
8198:
8147:
7627:
6900:
6753:
5887:"Dog aging project - TRIAD (Test of Rapamycin in Aging Dogs)"
4026:
2074:
2070:
1962:
1870:
1843:
1091:
910:
and was isolated for the first time in 1972, from samples of
743:
575:
323:
5960:
5791:
5535:
Oaks Z, Winans T, Huang N, Banki K, Perl A (December 2016).
5287:
5230:
4062:
3897:
3862:
3643:
3041:
2669:
1503:
Sirolimus may increase an individual's risk for contracting
648:
8753:
8539:
8037:
7763:
7745:
7735:
7695:
7563:
6872:
6820:
6781:
6767:
6321:
6195:
6006:
Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
5336:
5233:"mTOR is a key modulator of ageing and age-related disease"
4488:
4288:
4169:
3499:
3393:
3316:
2105:
1886:
1863:
1613:
1590:
1484:
1483:
inhibitors is unclear, and may have nothing to do with the
1480:
1055:
1017:
Sirolimus can also be used alone, or in conjunction with a
555:
8955:
5077:
1900:, an NPRS responsible for incorporating L-pipecolic acid,
6729:
5923:
5231:
Johnson SC, Rabinovitch PS, Kaeberlein M (January 2013).
3275:
2871:"Drug Approval Package: Rapamune (Sirolimus) NDA# 021083"
2296:
2268:
2132:
decreases, which suggests an immunostimulatory response,
2124:
Sirolimus has complex effects on the immune system—while
2046:
2010:
Sirolimus was shown to inhibit the progression of dermal
1490:
1434:
appears to mediate the drug's benefits, it also inhibits
8968:
5867:
Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital
4524:
2578:
1696: with: content on this topic from . You can help by
875:(mTOR) kinase inhibitor that reduces the sensitivity of
5288:
Weichhart T, Hengstschläger M, Linke M (October 2015).
4453:
3985:
3450:
1760:
of the linear polyketide are in RapC. Then, the linear
5732:
4383:
4347:
4204:
3554:
Respiration; International Review of Thoracic Diseases
3451:
Johnston O, Rose CL, Webster AC, Gill JS (July 2008).
2937:
Drug Discovery: Practices, Processes, and Perspectives
2752:
2240:
Rapamycin is used in biology research as an agent for
2077:-expressing lymphomas are not sensitive to sirolimus.
2026:(RAD001), are being tested for use in cancers such as
1953:
or methylmalonyl substrates, which are attached to an
9946:
3694:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
987:
5891:
Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine
5843:
University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine
5583:
5534:
5025:
4730:
4165:
4163:
4161:
2616:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
1904:
and cyclization of prerapamycin. In addition, genes
1105:
designation status because LAM is a rare condition.
5290:"Regulation of innate immune cell function by mTOR"
5202:"Can a Kidney Transplant Drug Keep You From Aging?"
2544:
2542:
2540:
2281:
2235:
4867:"Combination therapy drives cancer into remission"
3278:"Sirolimus in the Treatment of Vascular Anomalies"
3237:"Sirolimus in the treatment of vascular anomalies"
2701:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
1739:of the rapamycin core is accomplished by a type I
1156:Sirolimus has been used as a topical treatment of
6003:
4158:
2976:Nanotechnology in Medicine: Emerging Applications
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2556:. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
2310:
1535:in excess of 30 kg/m (classified as obese).
1042:In May 2015, the FDA approved sirolimus to treat
9970:
4889:
4412:
4113:
3196:"Theranostic Advances in Vascular Malformations"
2753:Qari S, Walters P, Lechtenberg S (21 May 2021).
2617:Vézina C, Kudelski A, Sehgal SN (October 1975).
2537:
1086:, headache, dizziness, muscle pain and elevated
483:
5388:
5384:
5382:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5015:
4377:
2828:
2439:
2437:
2404:
2367:
2159:severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
2157:Rapamycin has been proposed as a treatment for
1608:The mode of action of sirolimus is to bind the
890:This compound also has a use in cardiovascular
458:
441:conta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone
5584:Wiegand S, Dietz A, Wichmann G (August 2022).
5530:
5528:
4936:
4573:
2684:
129:
8941:
7510:
6068:
5496:
3865:The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation
3830:The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation
3795:The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation
3547:
3545:
3457:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
2474:
2472:
2470:
2080:
1661:, which is also metabolized primarily by the
998:Immunosuppression § Deliberately induced
437:19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-
5490:
5445:
5439:
5379:
5071:
5012:
4808:
4702:"Fatal AEs Higher with mTOR Drugs in Cancer"
4341:
4198:
4107:
3354:
3269:
3228:
3187:
2434:
2219:
1058:). Loss of TSC2 gene function activates the
116:
9224:
5525:
3093:
3091:
3089:
2702:Mukherjee S, Mukherjee U (1 January 2009).
1796:Figure 2: Prerapamycin, unbound product of
1756:and the final four modules to complete the
1037:
235:
9275:Allopregnanedione (5α-dihydroprogesterone)
8948:
8934:
7517:
7503:
6075:
6061:
5632:
5590:European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
5026:Arriola Apelo SI, Lamming DW (July 2016).
3743:
3542:
2467:
2014:in patients with renal transplants. Other
685:
662:
523:
5978:
5760:
5750:
5701:
5660:
5650:
5609:
5560:
5473:
5463:
5422:
5362:
5313:
5264:
5103:
5051:
4964:
4954:
4913:
4791:
4668:
4550:
4482:
4324:
4314:
4090:
4080:
4003:
3919:
3712:
3697:"Sirolimus-associated pulmonary toxicity"
3612:
3525:
3476:
3427:
3293:
3252:
3211:
3069:
3059:
3013:"Sirolimus (marketed as Rapamune) Safety"
2972:
2834:
2811:
2801:
2729:
2719:
2662:"Cypher Sirolimus-eluting Coronary Stent"
2656:
2654:
2634:
2263:examining the effect of rapamycin on the
2208:
2143:
2085:Sirolimus also shows promise in treating
1526:
1425:
1142:
1111:
1073:that compared sirolimus treatment with a
543:
8973:Tooltip Constitutive androstane receptor
5639:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
5389:Husain A, Byrareddy SN (November 2020).
4699:
4456:Journal of the American Chemical Society
4418:
3200:The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
3128:
3122:
3086:
2185:Rapamycin can accelerate degradation of
1989:
1821:
1747:(NRPS). The domains responsible for the
1479:caused by sirolimus and other macrolide
1034:of a number of ongoing clinical trials.
4619:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
4610:
2933:
2612:
2610:
2230:hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
2100:
1002:The chief advantage sirolimus has over
658:
503:
14:
9971:
9728:Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)
9114:Pregnanedione (5β-dihydroprogesterone)
4172:Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
3023:from the original on 16 September 2016
2993:from the original on 30 September 2020
2755:"The Dirty Drug and the Ice Cream Tub"
2651:
2581:International Journal of Pharmaceutics
2045:and sirolimus has been shown to drive
1491:Lowered effectiveness of immune system
676:
277:
90:
8929:
7498:
6056:
5897:from the original on 23 February 2023
5873:from the original on 23 February 2023
5849:from the original on 23 February 2023
5199:
5138:from the original on 28 February 2021
4895:
4712:from the original on 28 February 2021
3900:Clinical & Translational Oncology
3282:European Journal of Pediatric Surgery
3097:
2915:from the original on 27 November 2021
2392:from the original on 19 December 2021
2355:from the original on 27 November 2021
624:
603:
583:
262:
124:
107:
4765:
4759:
4386:Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
3744:Mingos MA, Kane GC (December 2005).
2885:from the original on 1 February 2022
2783:
2607:
2508:
2165:effects could prevent or reduce the
1680:
970:perivascular epithelioid cell tumour
861:perivascular epithelioid cell tumour
630:
225:
215:
205:
5739:American Journal of Transplantation
5446:Liu Y, Yang F, Zou S, Qu L (2019).
4616:
4069:The New England Journal of Medicine
3234:
3131:The New England Journal of Medicine
3110:from the original on 14 August 2016
2954:from the original on 19 August 2020
2911:(Press release). 23 November 2021.
2790:Clinical and Translational Medicine
2560:from the original on 16 August 2016
2455:from the original on 13 August 2021
1869:has been established to code for a
1633:
1593:, and thereby blocks activation of
1570:
1319:Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
938:in the European Union in May 2023.
887:(IL-2), inhibiting their activity.
855:, treat a rare lung disease called
563:
474:
24:
5916:
5633:Lutz M, Mielke S (November 2016).
4987:
4219:10.1097/01.ftd.0000179838.33020.34
4042:10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.07.066
3676:from the original on 7 August 2020
3662:10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.06.060
3061:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10297
2525:from the original on 18 April 2020
2422:from the original on 24 March 2022
2247:
2180:
1171:
1050:-like cells with mutations of the
988:Prevention of transplant rejection
25:
10035:
6034:
5132:Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)
5000:from the original on 25 July 2021
4943:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
3714:10.1097/01.TP.0000118413.92211.B6
3165:"Venous Malformation: Treatments"
2765:from the original on 25 July 2021
2259:are participating in a long-term
1227:upper respiratory tract infection
1084:upper respiratory tract infection
1066:. Sirolimus blocks this pathway.
439:11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclohexatria
156:
9956:
4877:from the original on 1 June 2022
4657:Nature Clinical Practice Urology
4631:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2004.09.009
4255:10.1097/00007691-200206000-00004
3953:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
3774:from the original on 5 June 2022
3614:10.1097/00007890-200109150-00008
3372:from the original on 1 June 2022
2934:Li JJ, Corey EJ (3 April 2013).
2236:Applications in biology research
1808:
1789:
1769:
1684:
1638:Sirolimus is metabolized by the
1543:Sirolimus is metabolized by the
1453:
1151:
716:
710:
49:
40:
5863:"Dog Aging Project TRIAD Study"
5828:
5785:
5726:
5677:
5626:
5577:
5395:Chemico-Biological Interactions
5330:
5281:
5224:
5212:from the original on 8 May 2023
5193:
5150:
5120:
4981:
4930:
4898:"Therapeutics: Means to an end"
4859:
4724:
4700:Bankhead C (17 February 2013).
4693:
4645:
4567:
4518:
4447:
4233:
4056:
4020:
3979:
3944:
3891:
3856:
3821:
3786:
3737:
3688:
3637:
3588:
3493:
3444:
3310:
3157:
3035:
3005:
2973:Koprowski G (7 February 2012).
2966:
2927:
2897:
2863:
2777:
2746:
2242:chemically induced dimerization
1877:cycloamidase, which converts L-
1745:nonribosomal peptide synthetase
1730:
1565:
1538:
941:
873:mechanistic target of rapamycin
810:Key:QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N
9280:Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)
5926:Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
5159:Science Translational Medicine
2572:
2502:
1982:by P-450s to yield rapamycin.
1498:
1430:While sirolimus inhibition of
930:. It was approved by the U.S.
847:compound that is used to coat
839:and sold under the brand name
719:
704:
13:
1:
9935:Receptor/signaling modulators
9893:Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate
9743:Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile
4871:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
4745:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0917
4184:10.1016/S0009-9236(97)90192-2
3877:10.1016/S1053-2498(02)00564-8
2849:10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03395-7
2593:10.1016/s0378-5173(00)00617-7
2274:
2152:
6140:dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
5703:10.4049/jimmunol.160.11.5355
5541:Current Rheumatology Reports
5171:10.1126/scitranslmed.3009892
4504:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00800-4
3992:Journal of Clinical Oncology
3842:10.1016/j.healun.2006.05.013
3807:10.1016/j.healun.2006.12.004
3104:Food and Drug Administration
3017:Food and Drug Administration
2877:Food and Drug Administration
2203:systemic lupus erythematosus
1896:, encodes for an additional
1743:(PKS) in conjunction with a
1676:
1336:Abnormal healing, increased
932:Food and Drug Administration
7:
9470:Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
9229:Tooltip Pregnane X receptor
8957:Xenobiotic-sensing receptor
6119:purine synthesis inhibitors
5967:Journal of Vascular Surgery
4243:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
4207:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
4030:Transplantation Proceedings
3650:Transplantation Proceedings
3241:Journal of Vascular Surgery
1985:
1581:Unlike the similarly named
10:
10040:
8020:Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
6018:10.1016/j.jvsv.2021.03.001
5602:10.1007/s00405-022-07378-8
5511:10.1152/physrev.00047.2003
5355:10.1007/s11357-019-00113-y
5294:Nature Reviews. Immunology
3169:Boston Children's Hospital
2708:Journal of Transplantation
2636:10.7164/antibiotics.28.721
2623:The Journal of Antibiotics
2228:(GVHD), a complication of
2173:by rapamycin could reduce
2087:tuberous sclerosis complex
2081:Tuberous sclerosis complex
1645:and is a substrate of the
1574:
1550:and is a substrate of the
1466:Excessive citations inline
1115:
1052:tuberous sclerosis complex
991:
956:organ transplant rejection
912:Streptomyces hygroscopicus
907:Streptomyces hygroscopicus
853:organ transplant rejection
694:Chemical and physical data
10004:Drugs developed by Pfizer
9926:
9222:
8966:
8610:
8387:
8028:
8018:
7886:Mirvetuximab soravtansine
7778:
7659:
7619:
7554:
7541:
7261:
7189:
7162:
7047:
6690:
6392:
6383:
6374:
6367:
6320:
6304:IL-1 receptor antagonists
6302:
6293:
6247:
6178:
6108:
6099:
5980:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.06.217
5553:10.1007/s11926-016-0622-8
5452:Frontiers in Pharmacology
5415:10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109282
4956:10.1186/s13023-019-1012-x
4772:British Journal of Cancer
3965:10.1016/j.rmr.2010.03.026
3912:10.1007/s12094-009-0394-y
3254:10.1016/j.jvs.2019.08.246
3213:10.1016/j.jid.2019.10.001
2940:. John Wiley & Sons.
2515:Pediatric Pharmacotherapy
2485:European Medicines Agency
2449:European Medicines Agency
2226:Graft-versus-host disease
2220:Graft-versus-host disease
2049:-positive lymphomas into
2001:
1323:hemolytic uremic syndrome
1012:hemolytic-uremic syndrome
958:and for the treatment of
818:
793:
773:
763:
741:
728:
698:
693:
674:
642:
614:
594:
574:
554:
534:
514:
494:
469:
449:
357:
352:
342:
329:
317:
307:
297:
289:
252:
247:
192:
170:
144:
80:
72:
62:
57:
48:
39:
10014:Drugs developed by Wyeth
9853:Testosterone isocaproate
9768:Reverse triiodothyronine
8030:Receptor tyrosine kinase
7556:Receptor tyrosine kinase
7177:Anti-lymphocyte globulin
5465:10.3389/fphar.2018.01520
4543:10.4049/jimmunol.1103365
4005:10.1200/JCO.2010.29.2235
2784:Seto B (November 2012).
2196:
2187:oxidized LDL cholesterol
1627:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1477:interstitial pneumonitis
1094:) have been observed in
1044:lymphangioleiomyomatosis
1038:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
960:lymphangioleiomyomatosis
894:technologies to inhibit
857:lymphangioleiomyomatosis
68:Rapamune, Fyarro, Hyftor
9245:17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
9240:17α-Hydroxypregnenolone
7620:Others for solid tumors
7526:Targeted cancer therapy
7172:Anti-thymocyte globulin
6084:Immunosuppressive drugs
4766:Chan S (October 2004).
4421:Natural Product Reports
4316:10.1073/pnas.92.17.7839
4136:10.1126/science.1715094
3420:10.1126/science.1215135
3235:Lee BB (January 2020).
3098:Pahon E (28 May 2015).
2412:"Hyftor- sirolimus gel"
2028:glioblastoma multiforme
1519:, and lower than under
1471:considered for deletion
1411:, menstrual disorders (
1389:squamous cell carcinoma
1199:urinary tract infection
928:ability to inhibit mTOR
431:)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-{(2
7881:Loncastuximab tesirine
7610:Trastuzumab deruxtecan
6977:Interleukin-6 receptor
6403:Complement component 5
6040:Clinical trial number
4784:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602162
4588:10.1038/sj.onc.1209886
4363:10.1002/anie.200453764
3469:10.1681/ASN.2007111202
3295:10.1055/s-0036-1593383
2803:10.1186/2001-1326-1-29
2214:Lymphatic malformation
2209:Lymphatic malformation
2144:Topical administration
1998:
1850:(ORF's) designated as
1827:
1527:Impaired wound healing
1517:calcineurin inhibitors
1426:Diabetes-like symptoms
1287:deep venous thrombosis
1279:Venous thromboembolism
1143:Vascular malformations
1135:, under the tradename
1112:Coronary stent coating
1004:calcineurin inhibitors
926:properties due to its
901:It is produced by the
9979:Anti-aging substances
8984:6,7-Dimethylesculetin
7956:Sacituzumab govitecan
7896:Moxetumomab pasudotox
7866:Inotuzumab ozogamicin
7769:Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
7605:Trastuzumab emtansine
7546:monoclonal antibodies
7530:antineoplastic agents
5690:Journal of Immunology
5499:Physiological Reviews
5044:10.1093/gerona/glw090
4902:Nature Reviews Cancer
4531:Journal of Immunology
4082:10.1056/NEJMoa1204166
3019:(FDA). 11 June 2009.
2909:Aadi Bioscience, Inc.
2451:. 17 September 2018.
1993:
1947:Claisen condensations
1825:
1614:FK-binding protein 12
1587:calcineurin inhibitor
1585:, sirolimus is not a
1133:Johnson & Johnson
1116:Further information:
1027:mycophenolate mofetil
1019:calcineurin inhibitor
871:transplants. It is a
9571:Hypericum perforatum
9560:Hetacillin potassium
7811:Belantamab mafodotin
5200:Janin A (May 2023).
5134:. 11 November 2020.
4990:"What is rapamycin?"
4896:Novak K (May 2004).
4663:(5): 211. May 2005.
2837:Drug Discovery Today
2101:Effects on longevity
2032:mantle cell lymphoma
1955:acyl carrier protein
1393:basal cell carcinoma
1338:lactic dehydrogenase
1187:hypertriglyceridemia
1183:hypercholesterolemia
10019:Ophthalmology drugs
9400:Cyproterone acetate
9300:Amlodipine besylate
8664:Denileukin diftitox
8326:(ALK, ROS1, NTRK),
7931:Polatuzumab vedotin
7921:Oportuzumab monatox
5806:10.1038/nm0996-1028
5407:2020CBI...33109282H
5257:10.1038/nature11861
5249:2013Natur.493..338J
5206:Wall Street Journal
4837:10.1038/nature02369
4829:2004Natur.428..332W
4670:10.1038/ncponc0156x
4307:1995PNAS...92.7839S
4128:1991Sci...253..905H
3412:2012Sci...335.1638L
3406:(6076): 1638–1643.
3143:10.1056/NEJMp068234
2721:10.1155/2009/701464
2418:. 28 January 2021.
2254:veterinary medicine
2039:combination therapy
1848:open reading frames
1741:polyketide synthase
843:among others, is a
765:Solubility in water
36:
27:Pharmaceutical drug
9984:Immunosuppressants
9873:Thonzonium bromide
9628:Methylprednisolone
9429:prasterone sulfate
8350:(ROS1, TRK, ALK),
7856:Enfortumab vedotin
7334:Diroximel fumarate
7007:IL-2 receptor/CD25
6435:Certolizumab pegol
6088:Immunosuppressants
6048:ClinicalTrials.gov
5096:10.1111/acel.13269
3518:10.1111/acel.12405
3175:on 17 January 2021
2979:. Momentum Press.
2257:teaching hospitals
2171:cell proliferation
1999:
1828:
1283:pulmonary embolism
1162:tuberous sclerosis
1118:Drug-eluting stent
982:tuberous sclerosis
892:drug-eluting stent
76:Rapamycin, ABI-009
32:
9944:
9943:
9578:Indinavir sulfate
9285:Alpha-Lipoic acid
9260:Δ-Androstenedione
9250:Δ-Androstenedione
8923:
8922:
8606:
8605:
8014:
8013:
7996:Tisotumab vedotin
7492:
7491:
7339:Efgartigimod alfa
7329:Dimethyl fumarate
7257:
7256:
7185:
7184:
7158:
7157:
6363:
6362:
6289:
6288:
6130:Mycophenolic acid
5869:. 28 March 2022.
5752:10.1111/ajt.16505
5696:(11): 5355–5365.
5652:10.1111/bcp.13022
5243:(7432): 338–345.
5165:(268): 268ra179.
4873:. 17 March 2004.
4823:(6980): 332–337.
4739:(16): 7052–7058.
4582:(48): 6436–6446.
4468:10.1021/ja0587603
4462:(11): 3838–3847.
4392:(19): 3565–3568.
4357:(19): 2551–2553.
4351:Angewandte Chemie
4301:(17): 7839–7843.
4122:(5022): 905–909.
3998:(13): 1750–1756.
3759:(12): 1659–1661.
3566:10.1159/000087945
3332:10.1111/jdv.12665
3137:(19): 1949–1952.
3048:JAMA Network Open
2986:978-1-60650-250-1
2947:978-1-118-35446-9
2191:endothelial cells
2175:viral replication
2163:immunosuppressive
1939:shikimate pathway
1902:chain termination
1842:The biosynthetic
1714:
1713:
1423:
1422:
1229:, dizziness, and
924:antiproliferative
865:immunosuppressant
863:(PEComa). It has
830:
829:
754:Interactive image
644:CompTox Dashboard
435:)-1--2-propanyl}-
281:
266:
160:
127:
110:
93:
16:(Redirected from
10031:
10024:Chemical biology
9961:
9960:
9959:
9952:
9863:Thiamylal sodium
9598:γ-linolenic acid
9594:α-Linolenic acid
9592:Linolenic acid:
9583:Lasalocid sodium
9573:(St John's wort)
9465:Docusate calcium
9395:Cyclophosphamide
9270:Allopregnanediol
9255:Δ-Androstenediol
9230:
9226:
9184:Ethinylestradiol
9034:Cyclophosphamide
8974:
8970:
8950:
8943:
8936:
8927:
8926:
8637:peptide against
8210:(AXL, ALK, LTK))
8026:
8025:
7836:Dinutuximab beta
7552:
7551:
7519:
7512:
7505:
7496:
7495:
7135:Telimomab aritox
7038:Zolimomab aritox
6859:CD62L/L-selectin
6597:Immunoglobulin E
6390:
6389:
6381:
6380:
6372:
6371:
6300:
6299:
6106:
6105:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6054:
6053:
6029:
6012:(5): 1321–1333.
6000:
5982:
5957:
5910:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5845:. 29 July 2022.
5832:
5826:
5825:
5800:(9): 1028–1032.
5789:
5783:
5782:
5764:
5754:
5745:(8): 2662–2674.
5730:
5724:
5723:
5705:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5664:
5654:
5645:(5): 1171–1179.
5630:
5624:
5623:
5613:
5596:(8): 3801–3810.
5581:
5575:
5574:
5564:
5532:
5523:
5522:
5505:(4): 1381–1478.
5494:
5488:
5487:
5477:
5467:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5426:
5386:
5377:
5376:
5366:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5317:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5268:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5107:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5055:
5023:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5005:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4968:
4958:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4917:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4795:
4778:(8): 1420–1424.
4763:
4757:
4756:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4672:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4554:
4537:(7): 3080–3087.
4522:
4516:
4515:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4433:10.1039/b804602f
4416:
4410:
4409:
4398:10.1039/b608813a
4381:
4375:
4374:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4328:
4318:
4286:
4275:
4274:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4167:
4156:
4155:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4094:
4084:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4036:(8): 3053–3054.
4024:
4018:
4017:
4007:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3923:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3836:(9): 1171–1174.
3825:
3819:
3818:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3773:
3753:Respiratory Care
3750:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3716:
3707:(8): 1215–1220.
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3656:(7): 2792–2797.
3641:
3635:
3634:
3616:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3549:
3540:
3539:
3529:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3480:
3463:(7): 1411–1418.
3448:
3442:
3441:
3431:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3368:. 7 April 2022.
3358:
3352:
3351:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3215:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3171:. Archived from
3161:
3155:
3154:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3095:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3063:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2723:
2699:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2672:on 27 April 2003
2668:. Archived from
2658:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2554:PubChem Compound
2546:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2509:Buck ML (2006).
2506:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2476:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2378:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2341:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2293:nctr-crs.fda.gov
2285:
2067:cyclophosphamide
2012:Kaposi's sarcoma
1941:. Note that the
1836:cytochrome P-450
1812:
1793:
1773:
1709:
1706:
1688:
1681:
1634:Pharmacokinetics
1571:Pharmacodynamics
1474:
1291:rapid heart rate
1245:Adverse effects
1239:
1238:
1211:thrombocytopenia
1179:peripheral edema
1131:, a division of
1096:renal transplant
1031:thrombocytopenia
980:associated with
835:, also known as
826:
825:
756:
736:
721:
718:
712:
706:
689:
678:
667:
666:
652:
650:
634:
628:
607:
587:
567:
547:
527:
507:
487:
477:
476:
462:
334:
279:
276:
271:
264:
261:
239:
229:
219:
209:
158:
155:
137:
126:
123:
120:
109:
106:
103:
92:
89:
53:
44:
37:
35:
31:
21:
10039:
10038:
10034:
10033:
10032:
10030:
10029:
10028:
9969:
9968:
9967:
9957:
9955:
9947:
9945:
9940:
9922:
9823:Suberoylanilide
9540:Fluorometholone
9435:Dibunate sodium
9315:Aurothioglucose
9228:
9218:
9154:3,17β-Estradiol
8972:
8962:
8954:
8924:
8919:
8773:Pi3K inhibitors
8671:mTOR inhibitors
8602:
8383:
8354:(VEGFR, FGFR),
8010:
7774:
7655:
7615:
7537:
7523:
7493:
7488:
7434:Rozanolixizumab
7319:Deucravacitinib
7253:
7181:
7154:
7043:
6692:
6686:
6394:
6359:
6316:
6295:
6285:
6243:
6183:
6174:
6110:Antimetabolites
6101:
6095:
6081:
6037:
6032:
5938:10.1038/nrd3531
5932:(11): 868–880.
5919:
5917:Further reading
5914:
5913:
5909:
5900:
5898:
5885:
5876:
5874:
5861:
5852:
5850:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5794:Nature Medicine
5790:
5786:
5731:
5727:
5682:
5678:
5631:
5627:
5582:
5578:
5533:
5526:
5495:
5491:
5444:
5440:
5387:
5380:
5335:
5331:
5306:10.1038/nri3901
5300:(10): 599–614.
5286:
5282:
5229:
5225:
5215:
5213:
5198:
5194:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5076:
5072:
5024:
5013:
5003:
5001:
4986:
4982:
4935:
4931:
4915:10.1038/nrc1349
4894:
4890:
4880:
4878:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4813:
4809:
4764:
4760:
4733:Cancer Research
4729:
4725:
4715:
4713:
4698:
4694:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4615:
4611:
4572:
4568:
4523:
4519:
4487:
4483:
4452:
4448:
4417:
4413:
4382:
4378:
4346:
4342:
4287:
4278:
4238:
4234:
4203:
4199:
4168:
4159:
4112:
4108:
4061:
4057:
4025:
4021:
3984:
3980:
3949:
3945:
3896:
3892:
3861:
3857:
3826:
3822:
3791:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3748:
3742:
3738:
3701:Transplantation
3693:
3689:
3679:
3677:
3642:
3638:
3601:Transplantation
3593:
3589:
3550:
3543:
3498:
3494:
3449:
3445:
3392:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3315:
3311:
3274:
3270:
3233:
3229:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3096:
3087:
3054:(8): e1910297.
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2987:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2948:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2843:(10): 688–691.
2833:
2829:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2747:
2700:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2629:(10): 721–726.
2615:
2608:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2507:
2503:
2492:
2490:
2478:
2477:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2445:"Rapamune EPAR"
2443:
2442:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2380:
2379:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2343:
2342:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2250:
2248:Veterinary uses
2238:
2222:
2211:
2199:
2183:
2181:Atherosclerosis
2161:insofar as its
2155:
2146:
2103:
2091:angiomyolipomas
2083:
2061:drugs, such as
2016:mTOR inhibitors
2004:
1988:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1733:
1718:natural product
1716:Sirolimus is a
1710:
1704:
1701:
1694:needs expansion
1679:
1671:pharmacokinetic
1636:
1579:
1577:mTOR inhibitors
1573:
1568:
1541:
1533:body mass index
1529:
1501:
1493:
1459:
1456:
1428:
1353:Musculoskeletal
1250:Body as a whole
1223:nasopharyngitis
1174:
1172:Adverse effects
1154:
1145:
1124:coronary stents
1120:
1114:
1071:clinical trials
1040:
1000:
994:Organ rejection
990:
944:
849:coronary stents
821:
819:
814:
811:
806:
801:
800:
789:
786:
781:
780:
759:
734:
724:
715:
709:
670:
646:
638:
610:
590:
570:
550:
530:
510:
490:
473:
465:
445:
442:
440:
438:
436:
418:
365:
364:
332:
309:Protein binding
299:Bioavailability
291:Pharmacokinetic
285:
269:
243:
173:
166:
147:
140:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10037:
10027:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9966:
9965:
9942:
9941:
9939:
9938:
9931:
9927:
9924:
9923:
9921:
9920:
9915:
9906:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9888:Troleandomycin
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9808:Spironolactone
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9678:Norelgestromin
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9535:Flucloxacillin
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9422:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9390:Corticosterone
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9355:Chlorpromazine
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9233:
9231:
9220:
9219:
9217:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9174:17-Androstanol
9171:
9169:3β-Androstanol
9166:
9164:3α-Androstenol
9161:
9159:3α-Androstanol
9156:
9147:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9016:
9014:Chlorpromazine
9011:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8977:
8975:
8964:
8963:
8953:
8952:
8945:
8938:
8930:
8921:
8920:
8918:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8801:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8770:
8769:
8768:
8763:
8750:
8749:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8720:CDK inhibitors
8716:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8667:
8651:
8631:
8619:fusion protein
8614:
8612:
8608:
8607:
8604:
8603:
8601:
8600:
8599:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8565:
8564:
8563:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8535:
8534:
8533:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8504:
8503:
8502:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8458:
8457:
8451:
8439:
8438:
8437:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8393:
8391:
8385:
8384:
8382:
8381:
8360:
8359:
8358:(VEGFR, EGFR).
8314:
8313:
8312:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8288:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8212:
8211:
8195:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8139:
8138:
8137:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8116:HER1/EGFR and
8112:
8111:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8034:
8032:
8023:
8016:
8015:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7795:+hyaluronidase
7788:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7772:
7755:
7754:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7669:
7667:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7653:
7641:
7635:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7613:
7607:
7602:
7599:+hyaluronidase
7582:
7576:
7560:
7558:
7549:
7539:
7538:
7522:
7521:
7514:
7507:
7499:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7343:+hyaluronidase
7336:
7331:
7326:
7324:Deuruxolitinib
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7258:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7217:
7216:
7215:
7210:
7197:
7195:
7187:
7186:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7174:
7168:
7166:
7160:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7051:
7049:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7028:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6999:
6987:
6986:
6985:
6973:
6972:
6971:
6966:
6954:
6953:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6897:
6896:
6895:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6869:
6868:
6867:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6797:+hyaluronidase
6790:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6764:
6763:
6762:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6726:
6725:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6696:
6694:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6640:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6621:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6592:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6398:
6396:
6387:
6378:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6326:
6324:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6314:
6308:
6306:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6273:PDE4 inhibitor
6269:
6264:
6259:
6253:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6236:
6230:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6191:
6189:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6114:
6112:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6080:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6057:
6051:
6050:
6036:
6035:External links
6033:
6031:
6030:
6001:
5973:(1): 318–327.
5958:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5883:
5859:
5834:
5827:
5784:
5725:
5676:
5625:
5576:
5524:
5489:
5438:
5378:
5349:(6): 861–869.
5329:
5280:
5223:
5192:
5149:
5119:
5090:(11): e13269.
5070:
5038:(7): 841–849.
5011:
4980:
4929:
4888:
4858:
4807:
4758:
4723:
4706:Med Page Today
4692:
4644:
4609:
4566:
4517:
4481:
4446:
4427:(5): 602–609.
4411:
4376:
4340:
4276:
4249:(3): 346–350.
4232:
4197:
4178:(4): 416–428.
4157:
4106:
4075:(4): 329–339.
4055:
4019:
3978:
3943:
3906:(8): 499–510.
3890:
3871:(2): 210–213.
3855:
3820:
3801:(3): 296–298.
3785:
3736:
3687:
3636:
3607:(5): 787–790.
3587:
3560:(3): 367–374.
3541:
3492:
3443:
3383:
3353:
3309:
3268:
3227:
3206:(4): 756–763.
3186:
3156:
3121:
3085:
3034:
3004:
2985:
2965:
2946:
2926:
2896:
2862:
2827:
2776:
2745:
2683:
2650:
2606:
2587:(1–2): 25–29.
2571:
2536:
2501:
2466:
2433:
2403:
2366:
2309:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2261:clinical study
2249:
2246:
2237:
2234:
2221:
2218:
2210:
2207:
2198:
2195:
2182:
2179:
2167:cytokine storm
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2102:
2099:
2082:
2079:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1984:
1978:by MTases and
1883:pipecolic acid
1814:
1807:
1806:
1795:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1751:of the linear
1732:
1729:
1712:
1711:
1691:
1689:
1678:
1675:
1647:P-glycoprotein
1635:
1632:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1552:P-glycoprotein
1540:
1537:
1528:
1525:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1455:
1452:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1405:Pyelonephritis
1402:
1396:
1395:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1316:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1276:
1274:Cardiovascular
1270:
1269:
1266:herpes simplex
1251:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1173:
1170:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1113:
1110:
1064:growth factors
1039:
1036:
1008:kidney failure
989:
986:
943:
940:
828:
827:
816:
815:
813:
812:
809:
807:
804:
796:
795:
794:
791:
790:
788:
787:
784:
776:
775:
774:
771:
770:
767:
761:
760:
758:
757:
749:
747:
739:
738:
732:
726:
725:
722:
713:
707:
702:
696:
695:
691:
690:
680:
672:
671:
669:
668:
655:
653:
640:
639:
637:
636:
620:
618:
612:
611:
609:
608:
600:
598:
592:
591:
589:
588:
580:
578:
572:
571:
569:
568:
560:
558:
552:
551:
549:
548:
540:
538:
532:
531:
529:
528:
520:
518:
512:
511:
509:
508:
500:
498:
492:
491:
489:
488:
480:
478:
467:
466:
464:
463:
455:
453:
447:
446:
444:
443:
368:
360:
359:
358:
355:
354:
350:
349:
346:
340:
339:
336:
327:
326:
321:
315:
314:
311:
305:
304:
301:
295:
294:
287:
286:
284:
283:
274:
258:
256:
250:
249:
245:
244:
242:
241:
198:
196:
190:
189:
176:
174:administration
168:
167:
165:
164:
162:
152:
150:
142:
141:
139:
138:
121:
104:
86:
84:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10036:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9976:
9974:
9964:
9954:
9953:
9950:
9937:
9936:
9932:
9929:
9928:
9925:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9908:
9907:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9828:Sulfisoxazole
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9703:Phenobarbital
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9595:
9591:
9589:
9588:Levothyroxine
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9572:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9550:Guggulsterone
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9445:Dicloxacillin
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9430:
9426:
9423:
9420:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9410:Dexamethasone
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9345:Cephaloridine
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9235:
9234:
9232:
9227:
9221:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9149:
9148:
9145:
9144:Valproic acid
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9104:Phenobarbital
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9049:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9004:Carbamazepine
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8979:
8978:
8976:
8971:
8965:
8961:
8958:
8951:
8946:
8944:
8939:
8937:
8932:
8931:
8928:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8830:Larotrectinib
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8775:
8774:
8771:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8758:
8757:
8755:
8751:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8722:
8721:
8717:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8699:
8698:
8696:
8692:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8682:Ridaforolimus
8680:
8678:
8675:
8674:
8673:
8672:
8668:
8665:
8661:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8649:
8645:
8644:
8640:
8636:
8632:
8629:
8625:
8624:
8620:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8609:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8591:Pirtobrutinib
8589:
8587:
8586:Orelabrutinib
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8576:Acalabrutinib
8574:
8573:
8572:
8571:
8567:
8566:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8547:
8546:
8545:
8541:
8537:
8536:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8510:
8506:
8505:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8466:
8465:
8464:
8460:
8459:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8445:
8441:
8440:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8401:
8400:
8399:
8395:
8394:
8392:
8390:
8386:
8379:
8375:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8362:
8361:
8357:
8353:
8352:Selpercatinib
8349:
8348:Repotrectinib
8345:
8341:
8337:
8336:Larotrectinib
8333:
8329:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8294:
8290:
8289:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8218:
8214:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8200:
8196:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8154:
8153:
8149:
8144:
8143:RTK class III
8141:
8140:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8119:
8114:
8113:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8045:
8044:
8039:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8031:
8027:
8024:
8021:
8017:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7926:Pembrolizumab
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7891:Mogamulizumab
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7796:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7777:
7770:
7766:
7765:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7752:
7748:
7747:
7742:
7738:
7737:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7711:Mosunetuzumab
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7698:
7697:
7692:
7691:Mosunetuzumab
7688:
7684:
7680:
7679:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7651:
7647:
7646:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7629:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7618:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7587:
7583:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7571:
7570:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7553:
7550:
7547:
7544:
7540:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7520:
7515:
7513:
7508:
7506:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7474:Tildrakizumab
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7404:Pegcetacoplan
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7344:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7314:Darvadstrocel
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7260:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7222:
7221:TNF inhibitor
7218:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7203:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7188:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7165:
7161:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7039:
7035:
7034:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7009:
7008:
7004:
7003:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6922:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6887:CD147/Basigin
6884:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6770:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6707:Muromonab-CD3
6705:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6689:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6625:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6614:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6594:
6593:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6581:Interleukin 5
6578:
6577:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6561:Tildrakizumab
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6457:
6456:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:(noncellular)
6391:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6368:Extracellular
6366:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6335:Ridaforolimus
6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6294:Intracellular
6292:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6181:
6177:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6152:Teriflunomide
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6100:Intracellular
6098:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6078:
6073:
6071:
6066:
6064:
6059:
6058:
6055:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6038:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6007:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5922:
5921:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5788:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5729:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5680:
5672:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5629:
5621:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5580:
5572:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5531:
5529:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5493:
5485:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5442:
5434:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5385:
5383:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5333:
5325:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5284:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5227:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5196:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5115:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5016:
4999:
4995:
4994:New Scientist
4991:
4984:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4925:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4892:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4811:
4803:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4727:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4696:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4613:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4562:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4521:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4415:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4380:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3955:(in French).
3954:
3947:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3691:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3548:
3546:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3388:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3008:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2969:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2930:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2489:. 9 June 2023
2488:
2486:
2481:
2480:"Hyftor EPAR"
2475:
2473:
2471:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2022:(CCI-779) or
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
1997:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1824:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1708:
1699:
1695:
1692:This section
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1454:Lung toxicity
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:ovarian cysts
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:herpes zoster
1259:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1158:angiofibromas
1152:Angiofibromas
1149:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:smooth muscle
1045:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
995:
985:
983:
979:
973:
971:
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
946:Sirolimus is
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
916:Easter Island
913:
909:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
888:
886:
885:interleukin-2
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
824:
817:
808:
803:
802:
799:
792:
783:
782:
779:
772:
768:
766:
762:
755:
751:
750:
748:
745:
740:
733:
731:
727:
703:
701:
697:
692:
688:
684:
681:
679:
677:ECHA InfoCard
673:
665:
661:
660:DTXSID5023582
657:
656:
654:
645:
641:
633:
632:RCSB PDB
627:
622:
621:
619:
617:
613:
606:
602:
601:
599:
597:
593:
586:
582:
581:
579:
577:
573:
566:
562:
561:
559:
557:
553:
546:
542:
541:
539:
537:
533:
526:
522:
521:
519:
517:
513:
506:
502:
501:
499:
497:
493:
486:
482:
481:
479:
472:
468:
461:
457:
456:
454:
452:
448:
434:
430:
426:
422:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
366:
363:
356:
351:
347:
345:
341:
337:
335:
328:
325:
322:
320:
316:
312:
310:
306:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
282: Rx-only
275:
272:
260:
259:
257:
255:
251:
246:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
200:
199:
197:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
177:
175:
169:
163:
154:
153:
151:
149:
143:
136:
132:
122:
119:
114:
105:
102:
97:
88:
87:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
9999:Orphan drugs
9933:
9913:Ketoconazole
9910:Antagonists:
9909:
9883:Troglitazone
9858:Tetracycline
9813:Spiroxatrine
9802:
9758:Quingestrone
9753:Progesterone
9738:Pregnenolone
9733:Pregnanolone
9723:Pregnanediol
9718:Prednisolone
9643:Mifepristone
9570:
9545:Griseofulvin
9525:Fenbendazole
9510:Famprofazone
9505:Erythromycin
9500:Epothilone B
9485:Eburnamonine
9380:Clotrimazole
9370:Clofenvinfos
9305:Antimycotics
9236:
9199:Okadaic acid
9151:Antagonists:
9150:
9139:Troglitazone
9074:Mifepristone
9069:Methoxychlor
9064:Griseofulvin
9059:Ellagic acid
9039:Cypermethrin
9029:Clotrimazole
8980:
8870:Pexidartinib
8855:Odronextamab
8825:Gilteritinib
8805:Cabozantinib
8752:
8718:
8693:
8687:Temsirolimus
8669:
8653:
8635:proapoptotic
8633:
8617:
8596:Zanubrutinib
8568:
8538:
8507:
8484:Lestaurtinib
8463:Janus kinase
8461:
8442:
8396:
8389:Non-receptor
8370:Cabozantinib
8363:
8332:Infigratinib
8317:
8291:
8233:Fruquintinib
8215:
8208:Gilteritinib
8204:Lestaurtinib
8197:
8146:
8115:
8088:Mobocertinib
8053:Aumolertinib
8041:
8006:Tremelimumab
7991:Tislelizumab
7946:Retifanlimab
7821:Blinatumomab
7791:Atezolizumab
7762:
7744:
7734:
7716:Obinutuzumab
7694:
7676:
7643:
7626:
7584:
7567:
7484:Upadacitinib
7444:Satralizumab
7429:Ritlecitinib
7424:Risankizumab
7219:
7200:
7140:Teprotumumab
7090:Inebilizumab
7085:Fontolizumab
7065:Atorolimumab
7033:T-lymphocyte
7031:
7005:
6989:
6975:
6956:
6945:Lerdelimumab
6940:Bertilimumab
6932:
6920:
6899:
6885:
6871:
6857:
6838:
6819:
6803:Pascolizumab
6788:Obinutuzumab
6780:
6766:
6752:
6736:Clenoliximab
6728:
6712:Otelixizumab
6699:
6672:
6659:Lebrikizumab
6643:
6627:
6611:
6595:
6579:
6536:Satralizumab
6526:Risankizumab
6458:
6417:
6401:
6393:Serum target
6345:Temsirolimus
6339:
6271:
6262:Pomalidomide
6257:Lenalidomide
6215:Pimecrolimus
6194:
6168:Methotrexate
6160:
6138:
6125:Azathioprine
6117:
6102:(initiation)
6041:
6009:
6005:
5970:
5966:
5929:
5925:
5899:. Retrieved
5890:
5875:. Retrieved
5866:
5851:. Retrieved
5842:
5830:
5797:
5793:
5787:
5742:
5738:
5728:
5693:
5689:
5679:
5642:
5638:
5628:
5593:
5589:
5579:
5544:
5540:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5455:
5451:
5441:
5398:
5394:
5346:
5342:
5332:
5297:
5293:
5283:
5240:
5236:
5226:
5214:. Retrieved
5205:
5195:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5140:. Retrieved
5131:
5122:
5087:
5083:
5073:
5065:
5035:
5031:
5002:. Retrieved
4993:
4983:
4946:
4942:
4932:
4905:
4901:
4891:
4879:. Retrieved
4870:
4861:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4775:
4771:
4761:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4714:. Retrieved
4705:
4695:
4660:
4656:
4647:
4625:(1): 47–60.
4622:
4618:
4612:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4495:
4491:
4484:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4354:
4350:
4343:
4298:
4294:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4213:(1): 51–61.
4210:
4206:
4200:
4175:
4171:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4072:
4068:
4058:
4033:
4029:
4022:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3959:(1): 64–69.
3956:
3952:
3946:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3776:. Retrieved
3756:
3752:
3739:
3704:
3700:
3690:
3680:24 September
3678:. Retrieved
3653:
3649:
3639:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3557:
3553:
3512:(1): 28–38.
3509:
3505:
3495:
3460:
3456:
3446:
3403:
3399:
3374:. Retrieved
3365:
3356:
3326:(1): 14–20.
3323:
3319:
3312:
3288:(1): 86–90.
3285:
3281:
3271:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3173:the original
3168:
3159:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3112:. Retrieved
3051:
3047:
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2975:
2968:
2956:. Retrieved
2936:
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2908:
2899:
2887:. Retrieved
2874:
2865:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2767:. Retrieved
2758:
2748:
2711:
2707:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:the original
2666:Cypher Stent
2626:
2622:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2553:
2527:. Retrieved
2518:
2514:
2504:
2491:. Retrieved
2483:
2457:. Retrieved
2448:
2424:. Retrieved
2415:
2406:
2394:. Retrieved
2385:
2357:. Retrieved
2348:
2300:. Retrieved
2292:
2283:
2252:A number of
2251:
2239:
2223:
2212:
2200:
2184:
2156:
2147:
2128:goes up and
2123:
2115:
2110:mouse models
2104:
2084:
2059:chemotherapy
2036:
2020:temsirolimus
2009:
2005:
1976:methylations
1959:condensation
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1893:
1889:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1829:
1758:biosynthesis
1749:biosynthesis
1737:biosynthesis
1734:
1731:Biosynthesis
1715:
1702:
1698:adding to it
1693:
1667:
1637:
1625:
1622:
1607:
1580:
1566:Pharmacology
1560:blood plasma
1542:
1539:Interactions
1530:
1513:azathioprine
1505:skin cancers
1502:
1494:
1464:
1457:
1448:temsirolimus
1429:
1235:
1215:
1193:, increased
1191:hypertension
1175:
1167:
1155:
1146:
1121:
1107:
1100:
1068:
1041:
1016:
1001:
978:angiofibroma
974:
964:
945:
942:Medical uses
936:angiofibroma
911:
905:
900:
889:
859:, and treat
840:
836:
832:
831:
820:
432:
428:
424:
420:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
348:Mostly fecal
331:Elimination
254:Legal status
248:Legal status
82:License data
29:
9898:Zafirlukast
9868:Thiothixene
9848:Terconazole
9798:Simvastatin
9673:Nisoldipine
9668:Nilvadipine
9653:Nicardipine
9623:Metacycline
9450:Dimercaprol
9405:Demecolcine
9365:Clindamycin
9360:Ciglitazone
9310:Artemisinin
9290:Ambrisentan
9194:Nigramide J
9129:Telmisartan
9089:Nicardipine
8999:Benfuracarb
8994:Artemisinin
8900:Tebentafusp
8880:Regorafenib
8875:Quizartinib
8865:Pemigatinib
8845:Midostaurin
8820:Erdafitinib
8815:Entrectinib
8798:Parsaclisib
8746:Trilaciclib
8736:Palbociclib
8731:Dalpiciclib
8726:Abemaciclib
8628:Aflibercept
8555:Entrectinib
8525:Selumetinib
8520:Cobimetinib
8515:Binimetinib
8499:Ruxolitinib
8489:Momelotinib
8469:Baricitinib
8367:inhibitors:
8344:Pralsetinib
8340:Pemigatinib
8328:Futibatinib
8324:Entrectinib
8321:inhibitors:
8253:Regorafenib
8157:Avapritinib
8103:Rociletinib
8098:Osimertinib
8063:Dacomitinib
8001:Toripalimab
7986:Teclistamab
7976:Talquetamab
7971:Tafasitamab
7966:Sugemalimab
7961:Serplulimab
7951:Sabatolimab
7941:Ramucirumab
7936:Prolgolimab
7906:Necitumumab
7861:Epcoritamab
7841:Dostarlimab
7831:Daratumumab
7786:Amivantamab
7751:Alemtuzumab
7741:Brentuximab
7731:Tositumomab
7706:Ibritumomab
7687:Elranatamab
7650:Bevacizumab
7638:Edrecolomab
7633:Catumaxomab
7595:Trastuzumab
7579:Panitumumab
7479:Tofacitinib
7419:Ravulizumab
7409:Pirfenidone
7399:Peficitinib
7299:Canakinumab
7289:Briakinumab
7279:Bimekizumab
7274:Baricitinib
7239:Aflibercept
7150:Vepalimomab
7145:Vapaliximab
7120:Rovelizumab
7110:Pexelizumab
7100:Morolimumab
7075:Cedelizumab
7060:Anifrolumab
7055:Alemtuzumab
7013:Basiliximab
6983:Tocilizumab
6969:Vedolizumab
6964:Natalizumab
6950:Metelimumab
6893:Gavilimomab
6851:Toralizumab
6846:Teneliximab
6832:Lumiliximab
6827:Gomiliximab
6813:Ublituximab
6793:Ocrelizumab
6746:Zanolimumab
6722:Visilizumab
6680:Secukinumab
6664:Ustekinumab
6635:Elsilimomab
6619:Faralimomab
6587:Mepolizumab
6571:Ustekinumab
6566:Tocilizumab
6541:Secukinumab
6491:Canakinumab
6481:Briakinumab
6476:Bimekizumab
6471:Basiliximab
6460:Interleukin
6450:Nerelimomab
6355:Zotarolimus
6296:(reception)
6267:Thalidomide
6225:Voclosporin
6210:Ciclosporin
6204:Calcineurin
6200:Cyclophilin
6147:Leflunomide
6143:inhibitors
6043:NCT02494570
5901:23 February
5877:23 February
5853:23 February
5762:2268/256132
5343:GeroScience
4716:19 February
4498:(1): 9–16.
4092:2445/178597
2919:26 November
2550:"Rapamycin"
2459:26 November
2396:19 December
2359:26 November
2063:doxorubicin
2057:effects of
2043:doxorubicin
1943:cyclohexane
1873:-dependent
1722:macrocyclic
1705:August 2016
1659:ciclosporin
1651:efflux pump
1603:calcineurin
1556:efflux pump
1499:Cancer risk
1417:menorrhagia
1366:Respiratory
1342:hypokalemia
1325:(TTP/HUS),
1310:Hematologic
1264:infection,
1103:orphan drug
1088:cholesterol
737: g·mol
683:100.107.147
353:Identifiers
338:57–63 hours
183:intravenous
73:Other names
64:Trade names
9994:Macrolides
9973:Categories
9878:Tianeptine
9843:Tenylidone
9838:Tacrolimus
9783:Rimexolone
9773:Rifampicin
9713:Plicamycin
9698:Paclitaxel
9683:Omeprazole
9663:Nifedipine
9638:Mevastatin
9633:Metyrapone
9613:Lovastatin
9608:Loratadine
9565:Hyperforin
9555:Haloprogin
9520:Felodipine
9495:Enzacamene
9475:Dronabinol
9440:Diclazuril
9419:prasterone
9375:Chloroxine
9350:Cephradine
9320:Bile acids
9134:Tolnaftate
9099:Permethrin
9084:Nevirapine
9079:Nefazodone
9048:prasterone
9009:Carvedilol
8989:Amiodarone
8960:modulators
8915:Venetoclax
8910:Vandetanib
8885:Ripretinib
8850:Nintedanib
8835:Lenvatinib
8810:Capmatinib
8793:Idelalisib
8783:Copanlisib
8756:inhibitors
8741:Ribociclib
8712:Vismodegib
8697:inhibitors
8677:Everolimus
8643:prohibitin
8560:Lorlatinib
8550:Crizotinib
8530:Trametinib
8494:Pacritinib
8479:Filgotinib
8474:Fedratinib
8378:Crizotinib
8374:Capmatinib
8356:Vandetanib
8304:Brigatinib
8283:Vandetanib
8243:Nintedanib
8238:Lenvatinib
8177:Ripretinib
8108:Vandetanib
8083:Lazertinib
8058:Brigatinib
7981:Tarlatamab
7916:Olaratumab
7876:Isatuximab
7871:Ipilimumab
7851:Elotuzumab
7846:Durvalumab
7826:Cemiplimab
7816:Bermekimab
7806:Axatilimab
7721:Ofatumumab
7701:Glofitamab
7683:Glofitamab
7591:Pertuzumab
7469:Sutimlimab
7464:Spesolimab
7449:Siltuximab
7389:Olokizumab
7379:Ixekizumab
7374:Itacitinib
7364:Guselkumab
7359:Fingolimod
7354:Filgotinib
7304:Crovalimab
7294:Brodalumab
7284:Blisibimod
7249:Rilonacept
7232:Opinercept
7227:Etanercept
7213:Belatacept
7164:Polyclonal
7125:Siplizumab
7115:Reslizumab
7105:Ofatumumab
7095:Maslimomab
7080:Emapalumab
7023:Inolimomab
7018:Daclizumab
6997:Odulimomab
6912:Ruplizumab
6907:Frexalimab
6865:Aselizumab
6760:Efalizumab
6717:Teplizumab
6613:Interferon
6603:Omalizumab
6556:Spesolimab
6546:Siltuximab
6521:Rilonacept
6516:Olokizumab
6506:Ixekizumab
6501:Guselkumab
6496:Daclizumab
6486:Brodalumab
6445:Infliximab
6430:Afelimomab
6425:Adalimumab
6409:Eculizumab
6385:Monoclonal
6376:Antibodies
6350:Umirolimus
6330:Everolimus
6279:Apremilast
6239:Gusperimus
6220:Tacrolimus
6188:inhibitors
6180:Macrolides
6162:antifolate
5547:(12): 73.
5401:: 109282.
5084:Aging Cell
4988:Lawton G.
4908:(5): 332.
3921:2183/19864
3506:Aging Cell
3247:(1): 328.
2889:1 February
2714:: 701464.
2302:22 October
2275:References
2153:SARS-CoV-2
2119:everolimus
2095:everolimus
2024:everolimus
2018:, such as
1980:oxidations
1832:macrocycle
1762:polyketide
1753:polyketide
1583:tacrolimus
1575:See also:
1444:everolimus
1413:amenorrhea
1400:Urogenital
1327:leukopenia
1303:Stomatitis
1268:infection
1258:lymphocele
1219:stomatitis
1207:arthralgia
1195:creatinine
1098:patients.
1025:), and/or
1023:tacrolimus
992:See also:
972:(PEComa).
952:prevention
920:antifungal
896:restenosis
851:, prevent
742:3D model (
730:Molar mass
616:PDB ligand
585:CHEBI:9168
545:W36ZG6FT64
516:ChemSpider
460:53123-88-9
451:CAS Number
362:IUPAC name
319:Metabolism
9803:Sirolimus
9793:Ritonavir
9788:Riodipine
9778:Rifaximin
9763:Reserpine
9748:Proadifen
9693:Oxatomide
9648:Nafcillin
9618:Meclizine
9480:Droxidopa
9460:Docetaxel
9385:Colforsin
9335:Bumecaine
9325:Bithionol
9237:Agonists:
9214:T-0901317
9189:Meclizine
9119:Reserpine
9109:Phenytoin
9094:Octicizer
9054:Efavirenz
8981:Agonists:
8905:Tepotinib
8895:Sunitinib
8890:Sorafenib
8860:Pazopanib
8840:Masitinib
8788:Duvelisib
8778:Alpelisib
8766:Sotorasib
8761:Adagrasib
8707:Sonidegib
8702:Glasdegib
8648:Adipotide
8581:Ibrutinib
8454:Dasatinib
8449:Bosutinib
8434:Radotinib
8429:Ponatinib
8424:Nilotinib
8414:Dasatinib
8409:Bosutinib
8404:Asciminib
8372:(VEGFR),
8330:(FGFR2),
8309:Ceritinib
8299:Alectinib
8278:Toceranib
8273:Tivozanib
8268:Sunitinib
8263:Sorafenib
8258:Semaxanib
8248:Pazopanib
8228:Cediranib
8192:Toceranib
8187:Sunitinib
8182:Sorafenib
8172:Pazopanib
8167:Masitinib
8134:Tucatinib
8129:Neratinib
8124:Lapatinib
8093:Olmutinib
8073:Gefitinib
8068:Erlotinib
8043:HER1/EGFR
7911:Nivolumab
7901:Naxitamab
7726:Rituximab
7574:Cetuximab
7569:HER1/EGFR
7459:Sirukumab
7454:Siponimod
7439:Sarilumab
7414:Ponesimod
7384:Netakimab
7369:Iptacopan
7349:Etrasimod
7309:Danicopan
7244:Alefacept
7208:Abatacept
7130:Talizumab
7070:Begelomab
6926:Belimumab
6879:Galiximab
6808:Rituximab
6774:Erlizumab
6741:Keliximab
6551:Sirukumab
6531:Sarilumab
6511:Netakimab
6440:Golimumab
6340:Sirolimus
5997:207831199
5779:231766741
5187:206685475
4949:(1): 39.
4687:198175394
4679:1743-4289
2796:(1): 29.
2265:longevity
2055:cytotoxic
2051:remission
1967:dehydrate
1830:The core
1677:Chemistry
1655:half life
1610:cytosolic
1469:is being
1375:epistaxis
1371:Pneumonia
1333:Metabolic
1314:lymphatic
1298:Digestive
1197:, fever,
1021:(such as
984:complex.
967:malignant
948:indicated
914:found on
903:bacterium
845:macrolide
837:rapamycin
833:Sirolimus
605:ChEMBL413
344:Excretion
333:half-life
172:Routes of
146:Pregnancy
135:Sirolimus
118:Sirolimus
34:Sirolimus
10009:Polyenes
9963:Medicine
9930:See also
9818:SR-12813
9708:Piperine
9688:Orlistat
9658:Nicotine
9530:Fentanyl
9515:Febantel
9490:Ecopipam
9455:Dinaline
9340:Cafestol
9330:Bosentan
9204:PK-11195
8695:hedgehog
8657:against
8655:exotoxin
8621:against
8570:Bruton's
8419:Imatinib
8342:(FGFR),
8338:(NTRK),
8223:Axitinib
8162:Axitinib
8118:HER2/neu
8078:Icotinib
8048:Afatinib
8022:("-nib")
7801:Avelumab
7673:lymphoid
7665:lymphoma
7661:Leukemia
7586:HER2/neu
7548:("-mab")
7394:Ozanimod
7269:Avacopan
7262:Unsorted
7048:Unsorted
6958:Integrin
6691:Cellular
6466:Anakinra
6312:Anakinra
6234:Abetimus
6086: /
6026:33737259
5989:31676179
5946:22037041
5895:Archived
5871:Archived
5847:Archived
5822:30469863
5771:33512760
5720:31313976
5671:27245261
5620:35526176
5571:27812954
5519:15383655
5484:30666207
5458:: 1520.
5433:33031791
5373:31761958
5324:26403194
5275:23325216
5210:Archived
5179:25540326
5142:23 March
5136:Archived
5114:33145977
5062:27208895
4998:Archived
4975:30760308
4924:45906785
4881:23 March
4875:Archived
4845:15029198
4802:15365568
4753:16103051
4710:Archived
4639:16039868
4604:19250234
4596:17041628
4576:Oncogene
4561:22379028
4476:16536560
4441:19387497
4406:16990929
4371:15127450
4271:34950948
4263:12021624
4227:16418694
4101:22830463
4050:20970608
4014:21444868
3973:22240222
3938:39914334
3930:19661024
3885:12581772
3850:16962483
3815:17346635
3769:Archived
3765:16318648
3731:24496443
3723:15114088
3674:Archived
3670:21911165
3631:12116798
3623:11571438
3582:24408680
3574:16127266
3536:26463117
3487:18385422
3438:22461615
3370:Archived
3340:25174683
3304:27723921
3263:31864650
3222:32200879
3179:22 April
3151:17093244
3114:1 August
3108:Archived
3080:31461151
3027:1 August
3021:Archived
2997:1 August
2991:Archived
2958:1 August
2952:Archived
2913:Archived
2883:Archived
2857:15896681
2822:23369283
2763:Archived
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