290:
744:
3122:
2234:
3192:
147:
4400:
3809:
3282:
2595:
4352:
3761:
3233:
2310:
2763:
1887:
383:
2802:
1939:
435:
792:
4568:
3977:
3450:
2478:
2247:
5273:. The centralised procedure is compulsory for all medicines derived from biotechnology and other high-tech processes, as well as for human medicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, auto-immune and other immune dysfunctions, and viral diseases, and for veterinary medicines for use for growth or yield enhancers. It is also compulsory for advanced-therapy medicines such as gene-therapy, somatic cell-therapy or tissue-engineered medicines and for
5015:(EU) and its main responsibility is the protection and promotion of public and animal health, through the evaluation and supervision of medicines for human and veterinary use. More specifically, it coordinates the evaluation and monitoring of centrally authorised products and national referrals, develops technical guidance and provides scientific advice to sponsors. Its scope of operations is medicinal products for human and veterinary use including biologics and advanced therapies, and
2971:
2121:
617:
138:
3567:
3096:
780:
4544:
3953:
3426:
2454:
4532:
3941:
3414:
2442:
4496:
3905:
3378:
2556:
2406:
2945:
2095:
591:
756:
4628:
4364:
4037:
3773:
3510:
3245:
2583:
2514:
4616:
4592:
4025:
4001:
3498:
3474:
2502:
2490:
2932:
2082:
578:
4436:
3845:
3318:
2358:
4484:
4376:
3893:
3785:
3366:
3257:
2619:
2322:
1240:
816:
768:
4604:
4424:
4412:
4340:
4013:
3833:
3821:
3749:
3486:
3306:
3294:
3221:
3036:
2776:
2643:
2607:
2346:
2298:
2186:
1900:
732:
682:
396:
3023:
2997:
2173:
2147:
669:
643:
2841:
1978:
474:
4520:
4388:
3929:
3797:
3554:
3402:
3270:
3179:
3083:
2893:
2789:
2430:
2334:
2043:
2030:
1913:
838:
804:
539:
526:
409:
4472:
3881:
3354:
3010:
2828:
2815:
2750:
2394:
2160:
1965:
1952:
1874:
860:
656:
461:
448:
370:
4877:
22:
3166:
2919:
2069:
1926:
565:
422:
3580:
3109:
2880:
2017:
513:
4556:
4460:
3965:
3869:
3438:
3342:
2466:
2382:
345:
2958:
2108:
604:
4652:
4061:
3534:
2655:
2267:
4580:
3989:
3462:
2867:
2631:
2004:
500:
4448:
3857:
3330:
2370:
2726:
3062:
2212:
708:
4508:
3917:
3390:
2984:
2418:
2134:
630:
2854:
1991:
487:
4640:
4049:
3522:
2526:
2906:
2056:
552:
3049:
2199:
695:
297:
3615:
7560:
7553:
5277:(for rare diseases). The centralised procedure is also open to products that bring a significant therapeutic, scientific or technical innovation, or is in any other respect in the interest of patient or animal health. As a result, the majority of genuinely novel medicines are authorised through the EMA.
7546:
5106:
The review process of the
European Medicines Agency regarding medical issues has been criticized for its lack of transparency. In a rebuttal of an EMS review that included her work, Louise Brinth, a Danish physician, noted that "experts" reviewing data remain unnamed and seem to be bound to secrecy.
5317:
The EMA was founded after more than seven years of negotiations among EU governments and replaced the
Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products and the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products, though both of these were reborn as the core scientific advisory committees. The agency was located
5034:
The
Secretariat is organised into five units: Directorate, Human Medicines Development and Evaluation, Patient Health Protection, Veterinary Medicines and Product Data Management, Information and Communications Technology and Administration. The Management Board provides administrative oversight to
4982:
The EMA was founded after more than seven years of negotiations among EU governments and replaced the
Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products and the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products, though both of these were reborn as the core scientific advisory committees. The agency was located
5821:
Set up by EC Regulation No. 2309/93 as the
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, and renamed by EC Regulation No. 726/2004 to the European Medicines Agency, it had the acronym EMEA until December 2009. The European Medicines Agency does not call itself EMA either – it has no
5135:
status since 2000. Companies intending to develop medicinal products for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of life-threatening or very serious conditions that affect not more than five in 10,000 persons in the
European Union can apply for 'orphan medicinal product designation'. The COMP
5507:(20 votes) were the only contenders left. After the second voting round, two cities were left: Milan (twelve votes) and Amsterdam (nine votes). These two cities tied in the subsequent vote (thirteen votes each), after which a drawing of lots identified Amsterdam as the host city of EMA.
5672:
1687:
6070:
5064:
5234:: Companies wishing to receive scientific advice from the CHMP or CVMP on the appropriate tests and studies to carry out in the development of a medicinal products can request it prior to or during the development program.
6990:
5305:
regulatory bodies. The hope was that this plan would not only reduce the €350 million annual cost drug companies incurred by having to win separate approvals from each member state but also that it would eliminate the
4970:
regulatory bodies. The hope was that this plan would not only reduce the €350 million annual cost drug companies incurred by having to win separate approvals from each member state but also that it would eliminate the
5168:
of new medicinal products, or variations to existing authorisations, have to either include data from paediatric studies previously agreed with the PDCO, or obtain a PDCO waiver or a deferral of these studies.
7870:
5051:
its scientific assessment of medicines by working through a network of about 4500 experts throughout the EU. The EMA draws on resources of over 40 National
Competent Authorities (NCAs) of EU Member states.
7989:
6271:
7994:
7949:
5551:, collaborating with international government agencies and corporations to coordinate a research strategy for prioritizing and speeding up development of COVID-19 vaccines and pharmaceutical products.
5385:
said that the preferred choice would be a location where an "easy set up and guarantee of smooth operations" would be available. Member states who had expressed their bid for the new EMA location were
6385:
5257:
The centralised procedure allows companies to submit a single application to the agency to obtain from the
European Commission a centralised (or "community") marketing authorisation (MA) valid in all
7361:
5201:
A seventh committee, the
Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) has come into function in 2012 with the implementation of the new EU pharmacovigilance legislation (Directive 2010/84/EU).
5156:
of procedures and provisions concerning herbal medicinal products laid down in EU Member States, and further integrating herbal medicinal products in the
European regulatory framework since 2004.
7979:
7611:
4299:
6860:
1104:
872:
6833:
5979:
5164:
The Paediatric Committee (PDCO) deals with the implementation of the paediatric legislation in Europe Regulation (EC) No 1901/2006 since 2007. Under this legislation, all applications for
5103:
The CHMP is obliged by the regulation to reach decisions within 210 days, though the clock is stopped if it is necessary to ask the applicant for clarification or further supporting data.
5165:
5153:
6747:
6684:
6886:
8128:
8059:
5178:
5107:
Minutes are not released and diverging opinions are not reported suggesting that all the "experts" are of the same opinion. In her view the process is unscientific and undemocratic.
7875:
7327:
5661:
5228:: The Agency coordinates arbitration procedures relating to medicinal products that are approved or under consideration by Member States in non-centralized authorisation procedures.
1349:
122:
8014:
6249:
7020:
6976:
5600:. The timetable for product approval via the EMA's centralised procedure of 210 days compares well with the average of 500 days taken by the FDA in 2008 to evaluate a product.
6774:
6411:
1295:
1252:
1244:
8123:
5645:
5510:
EMA staff left its London premises in March 2019 to relocate to a temporary building in Amsterdam, and by January 2020 the relocation to the permanent building in Amsterdam
5578:
rectify these deficiencies. The EMA ultimately authorized the vaccine on 21 December 2020, satisfied that the product quality was "sufficiently consistent and acceptable."
5092:(CHMP). If the Committee concludes that the quality, safety and efficacy of the medicinal product is sufficiently proven, it adopts a positive opinion. This is sent to the
7293:
4764:
7538:
7601:
5794:
6473:
6325:
7691:
6538:
1380:
748:
5932:
5222:, so that it can take appropriate actions if adverse drug reaction reports suggest that the benefit-risk balance of a medicine has changed since it was authorised.
4914:
1335:
5047:, two representatives of patients' organisations, one representative of doctors' organisations and one representative of veterinarians' organisations. The Agency
7903:
7762:
7641:
6653:
6199:
6567:
6359:
6279:
6221:
7810:
1340:
7999:
5488:
could be moved to Brussels, in exchange for the city to host the EMA. Others speculated on the merits of Amsterdam, well before the final decision was made.
3603:
1062:
7353:
6589:
6619:
5731:
5055:
The EMA additionally engages with international agencies and non-governmental organizations on areas of mutual interest, such as its participation on the
7865:
7855:
5682:
5116:
4127:
1451:
6917:
8108:
7737:
7661:
6856:
5656:
5650:
1549:
796:
6442:
2281:
1597:
8118:
6824:
6503:
5548:
5523:
1489:
1411:
1305:
5955:
5353:
The EMA contributed to the Global Vaccine Action Plan developed by the Decade of Vaccines Collaboration, endorsed by the 194 Member States of the
7923:
7686:
7148:
6006:
5056:
4758:
1726:
1231:
7053:
6676:
8133:
6737:
5089:
6882:
5837:
8143:
7714:
7666:
7596:
6309:
1098:
784:
289:
7012:
7516:
5899:
4907:
1544:
1192:
7434:
7316:
7631:
7568:
5826:
5381:
had to decide on the fate of the EMA's location. The EU ministers met to vote on their preferred successor. The EU's Health Commissioner
4754:
3651:
1396:
1330:
1320:
850:
828:
722:
7116:
7086:
6137:
5857:
5280:
For products eligible for or requiring centralised approval, a company submits an application for a marketing authorisation to the EMA.
86:
7885:
6800:
6245:
5761:
4776:
1459:
820:
772:
736:
39:
58:
8148:
8138:
8065:
7805:
6770:
5666:
3671:
1825:
1499:
1439:
1177:
1002:
864:
842:
808:
6407:
5301:, as well as indirect subsidy from member states, its stated intention to harmonise (but not replace) the work of existing national
4966:, as well as indirect subsidy from member states, its stated intention to harmonise (but not replace) the work of existing national
1812:
7860:
7792:
4739:
4248:
3666:
8103:
7767:
5529:
4900:
4709:
4404:
4292:
326:
65:
7283:
6159:
7928:
7777:
6953:
5149:
5128:
5097:
4674:
4664:
1795:
1731:
1584:
1564:
1554:
1477:
1359:
1278:
4887:
8113:
7729:
6649:
5181:(CAT) was established in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1394/2007 on advanced-therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) such as
4799:
4192:
4167:
1783:
5783:
6465:
6333:
5698:
5555:
4804:
4749:
4724:
4704:
4699:
4669:
4572:
4155:
3909:
3636:
3629:
1387:
1216:
1209:
1167:
960:
760:
72:
6525:
8098:
6132:
5924:
5240:: The Agency is responsible for implementing a central set of pan-European systems and databases such as EudraVigilance,
5068:
5020:
4744:
4734:
4729:
4719:
4684:
4679:
4182:
2260:
1835:
1770:
8055:
7880:
7701:
7671:
4863:
4794:
4714:
4689:
4324:
4319:
3608:
1007:
897:
358:
7209:
6645:
6191:
6043:
54:
7676:
7570:
Agencies, decentralised independent bodies, corporate bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and Euratom
7491:
7417:
7392:
6563:
6355:
6228:
5973:
5610:
4841:
4694:
4199:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
1805:
1790:
1494:
1434:
1421:
1290:
1145:
1130:
887:
105:
7772:
6038:
5193:
products. It assesses the quality, safety and efficacy of ATMPs, and follows scientific developments in the field.
5060:
5023:(ca. 600 staff), a management board, seven scientific committees (human, veterinary and herbal medicinal products,
4314:
3661:
3191:
3150:
2667:
2573:
1858:
1830:
1800:
1707:
1592:
1401:
1315:
1300:
6075:
5096:
to be transformed into a marketing authorisation valid for the whole of the EU. A special type of approval is the
8004:
7719:
7656:
7651:
5693:
5587:
4548:
4204:
4122:
3813:
6597:
7954:
7646:
7636:
7569:
6623:
6272:"Complaint filed to the European Medicines Agency over maladministration related to safety of the HPV vaccines"
5723:
5544:
5004:
4936:
4536:
1845:
1741:
1506:
1444:
1016:
911:
335:
43:
6706:
6011:
7047:
6909:
4632:
4620:
4596:
4368:
4100:
4090:
3646:
1666:
1224:
877:
5562:, resulting in the leak of classified regulatory documents to journalists, academics and the public via the
7621:
7441:
7383:
Gu, A; Patel, D; Nayak, R (2016). "Chapter 10: Drug shortages". In Fulda, TR; Lyles, A; Wertheimer (eds.).
7042:
6434:
5593:
4608:
4500:
4488:
4464:
4440:
4428:
4416:
4380:
4356:
4344:
4231:
4150:
4145:
3981:
1653:
882:
6859:[Kujundžić: Croatia Is Ready to Take Over the European Medicines Agency] (in Croatian). T-portal.
6381:
5314:
unwilling to approve new drugs that might compete with those already produced by domestic drug companies.
4979:
unwilling to approve new drugs that might compete with those already produced by domestic drug companies.
7824:
7616:
4846:
4656:
4584:
4524:
4476:
4452:
4392:
4236:
4107:
3140:
2692:
2672:
1066:
6495:
7800:
7317:"European public assessment report (EPAR) – Comirnaty, INN-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (nucleoside-modified)"
6164:
6105:
5072:
4644:
4560:
4512:
4177:
4112:
1840:
1559:
1531:
1524:
254:
79:
7138:
5136:
evaluates the application and makes a recommendation for the designation which is then granted by the
7782:
7681:
7606:
6533:
5358:
4117:
1484:
1428:
1140:
990:
7284:"European regulator raised concern over quality of early Pfizer vaccine batches, leaked emails show"
5039:. The Board includes one representative of each of the 27 Member States, two representatives of the
6071:
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
5834:
5065:
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
3641:
1637:
1632:
1162:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
6305:
8009:
7833:
7709:
5495:
meeting, after three voting rounds and finally drawing of lots. After the first round of voting,
5492:
5298:
5218:: The Agency constantly monitors the safety of medicines through a pharmacovigilance network and
4963:
4187:
3957:
3145:
1273:
1268:
32:
5891:
5477:(or in other words all remaining member countries except for the Baltic States and Luxembourg).
7820:
7586:
7445:
5008:
4858:
4226:
4162:
3945:
3206:
2266:
1187:
1084:
924:
743:
5823:
7526:
7108:
7076:
6169:
5354:
5258:
4881:
4243:
4209:
4041:
4029:
4005:
3777:
2687:
1577:
1364:
1344:
1182:
7476:
6796:
5865:
5753:
5543:
It participated in the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV)
8035:
7354:"Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine faced EMA manufacturing concerns ahead of emergency nod: report"
5382:
5100:(PUMA), which can be granted for medical products intended exclusively for paediatric use.
4835:
4275:
4255:
4085:
4017:
3897:
3873:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3789:
3765:
3753:
2717:
2702:
2697:
1679:
1171:
8:
5677:
5485:
5378:
5137:
5093:
5044:
5040:
4788:
4495:
4265:
4260:
4065:
3993:
3933:
3904:
3885:
3861:
3801:
3598:
3382:
3377:
3184:
2712:
2707:
2555:
2410:
2405:
2048:
1374:
1310:
1155:
978:
966:
918:
544:
5537:
5190:
5067:
and the International Pharmaceutical Regulators Programme (IPRP), and a partner of the
5036:
4853:
4784:
4270:
4078:
4053:
3969:
3921:
2725:
1775:
1078:
930:
6526:"Annex 5: Countries and Organizations that Contributed to the Elaboration of the GVAP"
3135:
8030:
7487:
7413:
7388:
7314:
7264:
7256:
7201:
7193:
6979:[Ema, Milan passes second in terms of votes with Amsterdam and Copenhangen].
5969:
5214:
5028:
3614:
1587:
972:
755:
6943:
5377:"), the EMA chose to search for another base of operations. According to EU Law the
7246:
7183:
6127:
5961:
5688:
5533:
5048:
2623:
1123:
996:
6302:
Responsum to Assessment Report on HPV-vaccines released by EMA November 26th 2015.
1415:
7288:
6944:"European drug regulation at risk of stalling as agency prepares to leave London"
6313:
5841:
5830:
5311:
5274:
5016:
4976:
4214:
3656:
2560:
1391:
791:
2635:
7483:
5640:
5597:
5566:. The documents revealed internal concerns about low production quality in the
5406:
5370:
5294:
5219:
5012:
4959:
4812:
4399:
4219:
3808:
3286:
3281:
2807:
2594:
2252:
1944:
1602:
1196:
1134:
984:
948:
942:
440:
182:
146:
7077:"Hackers steal Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine data in Europe, companies say"
8092:
7532:
7260:
7197:
6983:
6825:"Sweden launches campaign to host EU drugs agency instead of UK after Brexit"
6065:
5965:
5307:
5266:
4972:
4306:
3572:
3101:
2740:
2659:
2587:
1405:
954:
6977:"Ema, Milano passa al secondo turno di votazioni con Amsterdam e Copenhagen"
6222:"Questions and answers on the paediatric use marketing authorisation (PUMA)"
137:
7268:
7251:
7232:
7205:
7171:
6742:
6033:
5567:
5491:
The decision on the relocation was made on 20 November 2017, during the EU
5186:
5182:
5003:
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) operates as a decentralised scientific
4094:
2647:
2611:
2599:
1746:
Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
936:
7315:
Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) (19 February 2021).
5822:
official acronym but may reconsider if EMA becomes commonly accepted (see
7172:"The EMA covid-19 data leak, and what it tells us about mRNA instability"
6948:
5559:
5446:
5132:
5024:
4567:
3976:
3454:
3449:
3127:
2976:
2482:
2477:
2239:
2126:
622:
6738:"Countries line up to host European Medicines Agency after it leaves UK"
6677:"Countries line up to host European Medicines Agency after it leaves UK"
6590:"Reuters – Twenty-one countries vie to host EU drug agency after Brexit"
6857:"Kujundžić: Hrvatska je spremna preuzeti Europsku agenciju za lijekove"
5635:
5504:
5481:
5302:
5245:
4967:
4940:
4543:
3952:
3430:
3425:
2950:
2458:
2453:
2100:
1607:
779:
596:
234:
5592:
As of 2016, the EMA was roughly parallel to the drug part of the U.S.
5035:
the Agency: including approval of budgets and plans, and selection of
7984:
7188:
5500:
5327:
4992:
4531:
3940:
3418:
3413:
2937:
2541:
2446:
2441:
2087:
1283:
583:
192:
6227:. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 13 September 2011. Archived from
5581:
21:
8076:
7747:
6714:
6001:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5575:
5563:
5466:
5462:
5454:
5394:
4627:
4615:
4591:
4363:
4036:
4024:
4000:
3772:
3514:
3509:
3502:
3497:
3478:
3473:
3249:
3244:
3041:
3028:
3002:
2781:
2582:
2518:
2513:
2506:
2501:
2494:
2489:
2288:
2191:
2178:
2152:
1905:
892:
687:
674:
648:
401:
6097:
123:
European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare
8070:
7757:
7752:
7742:
7081:
5662:
European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations
5615:
5458:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5414:
5410:
5398:
5390:
5386:
5262:
5241:
4603:
4483:
4459:
4435:
4423:
4411:
4375:
4351:
4339:
4012:
3892:
3868:
3844:
3832:
3820:
3784:
3760:
3748:
3559:
3490:
3485:
3370:
3365:
3346:
3341:
3322:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3298:
3293:
3261:
3256:
3237:
3232:
3225:
3220:
3088:
3015:
2898:
2872:
2846:
2833:
2820:
2794:
2768:
2755:
2642:
2618:
2606:
2386:
2381:
2362:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2326:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2302:
2297:
2165:
2035:
2009:
1983:
1970:
1957:
1918:
1892:
1879:
1688:
Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
1239:
815:
767:
731:
661:
531:
505:
479:
466:
453:
414:
388:
375:
344:
7233:"Data Leak Exposes Early COVID-19 Vaccine Manufacturing Hiccups"
5925:"United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union ('Brexit')"
7143:
5571:
5511:
5474:
5450:
5426:
5418:
5402:
5374:
5323:
5319:
5270:
4988:
4984:
4769:
4651:
4579:
4519:
4471:
4447:
4387:
4060:
3988:
3928:
3880:
3856:
3796:
3585:
3538:
3533:
3466:
3461:
3406:
3401:
3358:
3353:
3334:
3329:
3274:
3269:
3171:
3114:
3067:
2989:
2924:
2885:
2859:
2654:
2630:
2434:
2429:
2398:
2393:
2374:
2369:
2338:
2333:
2217:
2139:
2074:
2022:
1996:
1931:
859:
837:
803:
713:
635:
570:
518:
492:
427:
6883:"Strasbourg could trade Parliament seat for medicines agency"
6646:"Finland is an excellent place for European Medicines Agency"
5646:
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
5496:
5470:
5442:
5438:
5031:
risk assessment) and a number of scientific working parties.
4639:
4555:
4507:
4048:
3964:
3916:
3526:
3521:
3442:
3437:
3394:
3389:
3054:
2963:
2911:
2530:
2525:
2470:
2465:
2422:
2417:
2204:
2113:
2061:
700:
609:
557:
7758:
Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the AFSJ
7527:
The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Union
7509:
5954:
M. Jacobs, David (2015). "European Medicines Agency (EMA)".
5324:
United Kingdom's vote for withdrawal from the European Union
4989:
United Kingdom's vote for withdrawal from the European Union
4765:
Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
7237:
5119:(CVMP) operates in analogy to the CHMP as described above.
1555:
Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
6488:
5209:
The Agency carries out a number of activities, including:
8129:
Medical and health organisations based in the Netherlands
6463:
6432:
5528:
The EMA played a significant role in the response to the
4817:
6326:"Committee for Medicinal Products Veterinary Use (CVMP)"
5340:
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products
5110:
4945:
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products
268:
5252:
5059:' Joint Coordination Group. It is also a benefactor of
6556:
6410:. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018.
6384:. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018.
6128:"Cancer Immunotherapy Partnerships and Collaborations"
5532:, seeking to expedite the development and approval of
8071:
Schnell-Brüter- Kernkraftwerksgesellschaft mbH' (SBK)
7521:
6248:. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 25 November 2023.
5957:
Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
8124:
International organisations based in the Netherlands
6771:"Romania looks to poach EU medicines agency from UK"
6620:"Offers to host the European Medicines Agency (EMA)"
6564:"Offers to host the European Medicines Agency (EMA)"
6466:"Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC)"
5196:
4939:(EU) in charge of the evaluation and supervision of
7535:
official public health portal of the European Union
6192:"Committee for Medicinal Products Human Use (CHMP)"
5683:
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
5117:
Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use
5083:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
7475:
7408:Boslaugh, SE (2015). "European Medicines Agency".
6823:
5754:"European Medicines Agency (EMA) | European Union"
5657:European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network
5651:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
5293:The EMA was set up in 1995, with funding from the
4958:The EMA was set up in 1995, with funding from the
7410:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Society
6102:International Pharmaceutical Regulators Programme
5582:Comparison with other medical regulatory agencies
8090:
7435:"Generic Drugs: Overview of ANDA Review Process"
6358:. European Medicines Agency. 17 September 2018.
5549:Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
5524:European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic
1550:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
7473:
6007:Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
5088:A single evaluation is carried out through the
5057:Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
1727:European Institute of Innovation and Technology
829:Countries with suspended accession negotiations
6821:
5090:Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use
7554:
7401:
6981:
6612:
6582:
6464:European Medicines Agency (3 December 2019).
6433:European Medicines Agency (3 December 2019).
4908:
7382:
5718:
5716:
5143:
5122:
7950:Political Parties and Political Foundations
6246:"The evaluation of medicines, step-by-step"
5784:"Funding | European Medicines Agency (EMA)"
5570:candidate, and regulators' efforts to have
3652:Political groups of the European Parliament
1723:Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
7561:
7547:
7351:
5889:
4915:
4901:
309:European Medicines Agency (European Union)
145:
136:
8109:European medical and health organizations
7478:The European Union: Politics and Policies
7250:
7187:
6907:
5953:
5713:
5667:European Forum for Good Clinical Practice
1826:Publications Office of the European Union
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
8077:Hochtemperatur- Kernkraftwerk GmbH (HKG)
7432:
7407:
6435:"Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT)"
4249:European System of Financial Supervision
1545:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
8119:Government agencies established in 1993
7876:Climate, Infrastructure and Environment
7376:
6937:
6935:
6908:Underwood, George (27 September 2017).
6735:
6674:
5919:
5917:
5885:
5883:
5852:
5850:
5817:
5815:
5554:While in the process of evaluating the
5530:COVID-19 pandemic in the European Union
5288:
4755:United Kingdom–European Union relations
2680:Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
8091:
7763:Monitoring of Drugs and Drug Addiction
7333:from the original on 12 September 2023
7296:from the original on 16 September 2023
7281:
7230:
7212:from the original on 16 September 2023
7169:
7151:from the original on 16 September 2023
7119:from the original on 16 September 2023
7089:from the original on 16 September 2023
7074:
7023:from the original on 22 September 2021
6941:
6854:
6768:
6544:from the original on 17 September 2023
5935:from the original on 15 September 2019
5890:Hrabovszki, Georgina (11 March 2019).
5150:Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products
5129:Committee on Orphan Medicinal Products
5098:paediatric-use marketing authorisation
5027:, paediatrics, advanced therapies and
4777:United States–European Union relations
1796:European Economic and Social Committee
8134:National agencies for drug regulation
7542:
6974:
6889:from the original on 22 November 2022
6736:Wintour, Patrick (15 February 2017).
6675:Wintour, Patrick (15 February 2017).
6650:Ministry of Social Affairs and Health
6570:from the original on 13 December 2017
6445:from the original on 10 December 2019
6414:from the original on 26 December 2022
6362:from the original on 26 December 2022
6252:from the original on 25 November 2023
5982:from the original on 26 December 2022
5558:in December 2020, the EMA suffered a
5480:It had also been speculated that the
5172:
5111:Medicinal products for veterinary use
4943:. Prior to 2004, it was known as the
4800:European Union and the United Nations
4332:Foreign relations of EU member states
8144:Regulators of biotechnology products
7692:Electronic Communications Regulators
7352:Kansteiner, Fraser (15 March 2021).
7056:from the original on 11 January 2022
6993:from the original on 9 November 2020
6932:
6910:"EMA staff favour move to Amsterdam"
6836:from the original on 12 January 2022
6799:. Global Counsel UK. 13 April 2017.
6537:. Decade of Vaccines Collaboration.
6476:from the original on 11 October 2021
6014:from the original on 19 October 2022
5914:
5902:from the original on 16 October 2019
5880:
5847:
5824:communication on new visual identity
5812:
5734:from the original on 15 October 2019
5699:Supplementary protection certificate
5344:European Medicines Evaluation Agency
5253:Centralised marketing authorisations
4949:European Medicines Evaluation Agency
4805:European Union Association Agreement
4740:Switzerland–European Union relations
3637:Elections to the European Parliament
240:Christa Wirthumer-Hoche, Chairperson
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
6975:Bocci, Michele (20 November 2017).
6920:from the original on 5 October 2017
6803:from the original on 11 August 2017
6332:. 17 September 2018. Archived from
6202:from the original on 15 August 2022
6133:Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer
6034:"Benefactors of Health Level Seven"
5369:Following the 2016 decision of the
5364:
5338:Prior to 2004, it was known as the
5204:
5131:(COMP) administers the granting of
5069:Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer
4710:Kazakhstan–European Union relations
2261:Nuclear power in the European Union
1836:European Personnel Selection Office
1771:European Data Protection Supervisor
1732:European Public Prosecutor's Office
13:
7866:Education, Audiovisual and Culture
7467:
7231:Abbasi, Jennifer (13 April 2021).
6863:from the original on 29 March 2017
6822:Julia Bradshaw (8 December 2016).
6777:from the original on 30 April 2017
6750:from the original on 29 April 2017
6707:"Homepage – The Dutch Bid for EMA"
6656:from the original on 18 April 2021
6622:. European Council. Archived from
6140:from the original on 27 March 2023
6108:from the original on 24 April 2022
6078:from the original on 24 April 2022
5960:(4 ed.). pp. 1449–1460.
5892:"EMA now operating from Amsterdam"
5864:. 14 December 2009. Archived from
5800:from the original on 26 March 2024
5357:in May 2012, and published on the
4864:Convention on the Future of Europe
4795:Microstates and the European Union
4675:Australia–European Union relations
4665:Argentina–European Union relations
3613:
3609:Microstates and the European Union
3190:
3158:Non-Schengen area EU member states
2724:
2265:
898:Withdrawal from the European Union
14:
8160:
7501:
7364:from the original on 10 July 2023
6855:Zapcic, Andreja (29 March 2017).
6687:from the original on 1 April 2017
6388:from the original on 30 June 2018
5764:from the original on 8 April 2019
5517:
5333:
5197:Pharmacovigilance risk assessment
4842:European Coal and Steel Community
1806:European Union Military Committee
1791:European Committee of the Regions
1694:Decentralised agencies of the EU
1422:Member of the European Parliament
1093:Abandoned treaties and agreements
296:
8149:Regulation in the European Union
8139:Organisations based in Amsterdam
7687:Cooperation of Energy Regulators
7282:Lovett, Samuel (11 March 2021).
7170:Tinari, Serena (10 March 2021).
7075:Stubbs, Jack (9 December 2020).
7013:"Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)"
6956:from the original on 17 May 2022
6942:Vesper, Inga (12 October 2017).
6046:from the original on 1 June 2023
6039:Health Level Seven International
5556:Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine
5179:Committee for Advanced Therapies
5084:Medicinal products for human use
5061:Health Level Seven International
5019:. The agency is composed of the
4875:
4750:Ukraine–European Union relations
4725:Moldova–European Union relations
4705:Iceland–European Union relations
4700:Georgia–European Union relations
4670:Armenia–European Union relations
4650:
4638:
4626:
4614:
4602:
4590:
4578:
4566:
4554:
4542:
4530:
4518:
4506:
4494:
4482:
4470:
4458:
4446:
4434:
4422:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4374:
4362:
4350:
4338:
4059:
4047:
4035:
4023:
4011:
3999:
3987:
3975:
3963:
3951:
3939:
3927:
3915:
3903:
3891:
3879:
3867:
3855:
3843:
3831:
3819:
3807:
3795:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3578:
3565:
3552:
3532:
3520:
3508:
3496:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3448:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3316:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3255:
3243:
3231:
3219:
3177:
3164:
3151:Visa policy of the Schengen Area
3120:
3107:
3094:
3081:
3060:
3047:
3034:
3021:
3008:
2995:
2982:
2969:
2956:
2943:
2930:
2917:
2904:
2891:
2878:
2865:
2852:
2839:
2826:
2813:
2800:
2787:
2774:
2761:
2748:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2554:
2524:
2512:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2428:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2245:
2232:
2210:
2197:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2145:
2132:
2119:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2067:
2054:
2041:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1989:
1976:
1963:
1950:
1937:
1924:
1911:
1898:
1885:
1872:
1831:European External Action Service
1801:Political and Security Committee
1708:European Supervisory Authorities
1238:
1085:European Economic Area Agreement
858:
836:
814:
802:
790:
778:
766:
754:
742:
730:
706:
693:
680:
667:
654:
641:
628:
615:
602:
589:
576:
563:
550:
537:
524:
511:
498:
485:
472:
459:
446:
433:
420:
407:
394:
381:
368:
343:
295:
288:
20:
8005:Innovative Medicines Initiative
7433:Sherwood, Ted (16 April 2008).
7426:
7387:. CRC Press. pp. 151–160.
7345:
7308:
7275:
7224:
7163:
7131:
7109:"Cyberattack on EMA – update 5"
7101:
7068:
7035:
7005:
6968:
6901:
6875:
6848:
6815:
6789:
6762:
6729:
6699:
6668:
6638:
6596:. 10 April 2017. Archived from
6518:
6506:from the original on 3 May 2021
6457:
6426:
6400:
6374:
6348:
6330:European Medicines Agency (EMA)
6318:
6294:
6264:
6238:
6214:
6196:European Medicines Agency (EMA)
6184:
6152:
6120:
6090:
6058:
6026:
5694:Regulation of therapeutic goods
5588:Regulation of therapeutic goods
4745:Turkey–European Union relations
4735:Russia–European Union relations
4730:Norway–European Union relations
4720:Mexico–European Union relations
4685:Canada–European Union relations
4680:Brazil–European Union relations
4205:Passports of the European Union
3195:Schengen Area from January 2023
31:needs additional citations for
8104:Agencies of the European Union
7856:Competitiveness and Innovation
7662:Disease Prevention and Control
7139:"Statement on EMA Cyberattack"
6356:"Orphan designation: Overview"
5994:
5947:
5776:
5746:
5373:to leave the European Union ("
4715:Japan–European Union relations
4690:China–European Union relations
1846:European Administrative School
1742:European Data Protection Board
1627:European Investment Bank Group
336:Politics of the European Union
1:
7612:Living and Working Conditions
7048:National Institutes of Health
6769:Morgan, Sam (23 March 2017).
5706:
5361:'s website in February 2013.
5078:
5043:, two representatives of the
4998:
4695:European Union–NATO relations
3741:Elections in EU member states
3672:Referendums related to the EU
1667:European University Institute
1661:European University Institute
888:Germany–Netherlands relations
151:EMA headquarters in Amsterdam
8114:European Union health policy
7442:Food and Drug Administration
7385:Pharmaceutical Public Policy
5594:Food and Drug Administration
5259:European Union member states
5159:
4937:agency of the European Union
4232:European Banking Supervision
2270:Euratom since 1 January 2021
1717:Executive agencies of the EU
1654:European Stability Mechanism
1648:European Stability Mechanism
255:Regulation (EC) No. 726/2004
118:Agency of the European Union
7:
7743:Law Enforcement Cooperation
7522:Heads of Medicines Agencies
6797:"A Brexit pill for Romania"
6382:"Herbal medicinal products"
5603:
4847:European Economic Community
4237:Single Resolution Mechanism
3604:EEA National Identity cards
3141:Schengen Information System
2673:Enlargement of the eurozone
2282:Economic and Monetary Union
1738:Corporate bodies of the EU
1356:Council preparatory bodies
1105:UK membership renegotiation
203:Science. Medicines. Health.
55:"European Medicines Agency"
10:
8165:
8099:1993 in the European Union
8000:High-Performance Computing
6165:Vaccine Confidence Project
5585:
5545:public–private partnership
5521:
5283:
5073:Vaccine Confidence Project
1820:Inter-institutional bodies
1565:Public Prosecutor's Office
1532:European Court of Auditors
1525:European Court of Auditors
1478:Court of Justice of the EU
120:
8048:
8023:
7972:
7963:
7937:
7924:Innovation and Technology
7912:
7894:
7846:
7819:
7791:
7728:
7700:
7597:Safety and Health at Work
7585:
7576:
7324:European Medicines Agency
7113:European Medicines Agency
7017:European Medicines Agency
6534:World Health Organization
6500:European Medicines Agency
6496:"Marketing authorisation"
6470:European Medicines Agency
6439:European Medicines Agency
6098:"Members & Observers"
6066:"Members & Observers"
5929:European Medicines Agency
5896:European Medicines Agency
5791:European Medicines Agency
5728:European Medicines Agency
5724:"Relocation to Amsterdam"
5359:World Health Organization
5144:Herbal medicinal products
5123:Orphan medicinal products
5017:herbal medicinal products
4929:European Medicines Agency
4882:European Union portal
1485:European Court of Justice
912:Treaties and Declarations
878:Belgium–Germany relations
316:
284:
279:
263:
247:
227:
215:
207:
199:
188:
178:
160:
155:
144:
135:
131:European Medicines Agency
7990:Key Digital Technologies
7861:Cybersecurity Competence
7738:Law Enforcement Training
7474:McCormick, John (2004).
6885:. Reuters. 10 May 2017.
5966:10.1081/E-EPT4-120050267
5840:25 December 2009 at the
1765:Other independent bodies
1210:Legislative institutions
1183:College of Commissioners
1163:Von der Leyen Commission
883:France–Germany relations
325:This article is part of
121:Not to be confused with
7995:Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
6408:"Paediatric Regulation"
5493:General Affairs Council
5299:pharmaceutical industry
5166:marketing authorisation
4964:pharmaceutical industry
4941:pharmaceutical products
3146:Visa Information System
2574:Other currencies in use
1365:Council Working Parties
7811:Insurance and Pensions
7806:Securities and Markets
7753:Border and Coast Guard
7517:EMA Annual Report 2018
7252:10.1001/jama.2021.5002
6982:
6278:. 2017. Archived from
4859:Western European Union
4227:European banking union
4163:European Single Market
3732:2024 (latest election)
3619:
3618:European Economic Area
3207:European Economic Area
3196:
2730:
2271:
1697:Single market agencies
1118:Executive institutions
1058:Treaties of succession
749:Bosnia and Herzegovina
166:; 29 years ago
7955:Data Protection Board
7748:Judicial co-operation
7632:Intellectual Property
7412:. SAGE Publications.
6897:– via Euractiv.
6711:The Dutch Bid for EMA
6502:. 17 September 2018.
6198:. 17 September 2018.
5931:. 17 September 2018.
5730:. 17 September 2018.
5355:World Health Assembly
4244:Capital Markets Union
4156:Free Trade Agreements
3617:
3194:
2728:
2269:
1578:European Central Bank
1539:Other auditory bodies
1519:Auditory institutions
1472:Judicial institutions
1217:Legislative procedure
1099:European Constitution
1023:Treaties of accession
8066:Health and Consumers
8036:Joint European Torus
7980:Bio-based Industries
6566:. European Council.
5760:. 26 February 2020.
5484:-based seat for the
5383:Vytenis Andriukaitis
5289:1995-2004: Inception
5009:regulatory authority
4836:European Communities
4276:Enhanced cooperation
3647:European foundations
3264:(provisional member)
1813:EU/ESA Space Council
1680:Unified Patent Court
1674:Unified Patent Court
1460:National parliaments
1350:Directorates-general
237:, Executive Director
40:improve this article
7602:Vocational Training
7147:. 9 December 2020.
7115:. 15 January 2021.
7019:. 29 January 2020.
6312:7 July 2016 at the
6308:(PDF; 1,3 MB)
5868:on 22 November 2022
5829:1 June 2010 at the
5678:Inverse benefit law
5596:(FDA), but without
5486:European Parliament
5379:European Commission
5238:Telematics projects
5152:(HMPC) assists the
5138:European Commission
5094:European Commission
5045:European Parliament
5041:European Commission
4315:Ext. Action Service
4300:High Representative
4266:European Federation
4140:Policies and issues
3599:EEA Joint Committee
2729:Eurozone since 2015
1751:Joint undertakings
1375:European Parliament
1156:European Commission
979:Treaty of Amsterdam
967:Single European Act
919:Schuman Declaration
873:Special territories
851:Applicant countries
723:Candidate countries
164:1 January 1995
132:
7871:Health and Digital
7783:Fundamental Rights
7451:on 19 January 2017
5858:"EMEA becomes EMA"
5793:. 8 January 2024.
5173:Advanced therapies
5063:, a member of the
5037:executive director
4854:European Community
4785:Common Travel Area
4271:Multi-speed Europe
4128:Fundamental Rights
3679:European elections
3620:
3197:
2731:
2272:
1776:European Ombudsman
1253:July–December 2024
1079:Schengen Agreement
991:Berlin Declaration
961:Solemn Declaration
931:Europe Declaration
130:
8086:
8085:
8044:
8043:
8031:Fusion for Energy
7929:Public Prosecutor
7842:
7841:
7677:Fisheries Control
7482:. Boulder, Colo:
6652:. 12 April 2017.
6600:on 11 August 2017
6282:on 31 August 2017
6234:on 15 April 2016.
5534:COVID-19 vaccines
5232:Scientific Advice
5215:Pharmacovigilance
5191:tissue engineered
5029:pharmacovigilance
5007:(as opposed to a
4925:
4924:
4293:Foreign relations
2226:Associated states
1841:Anti-Fraud Office
1560:Anti-Fraud Office
1495:Advocates General
1341:Secretary-General
1225:Council of the EU
1193:Secretary-General
973:Maastricht Treaty
320:
319:
228:Agency executives
116:
115:
108:
90:
8156:
8058:(transferred to
7970:
7969:
7942:corporate bodies
7940:EU secondary-law
7913:EU decentralised
7886:Research Council
7715:Security Studies
7583:
7582:
7577:EU decentralised
7563:
7556:
7549:
7540:
7539:
7533:Health-EU Portal
7513:
7512:
7510:Official website
7497:
7481:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7450:
7444:. Archived from
7439:
7430:
7424:
7423:
7405:
7399:
7398:
7380:
7374:
7373:
7371:
7369:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7332:
7321:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7279:
7273:
7272:
7254:
7228:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7217:
7191:
7189:10.1136/bmj.n627
7167:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7156:
7135:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7124:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7072:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7061:
7039:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7009:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6987:
6972:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6939:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6905:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6841:
6827:
6819:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6793:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6766:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6755:
6733:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6713:. Archived from
6703:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6672:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6642:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6631:
6626:on 6 August 2017
6616:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6543:
6530:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6481:
6461:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6404:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6378:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6322:
6316:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6242:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6226:
6218:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6188:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6172:on 28 April 2022
6168:. Archived from
6156:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6145:
6124:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6094:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6062:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6051:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5921:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5887:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5854:
5845:
5819:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5799:
5788:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5720:
5689:Qualified person
5611:Ethics Committee
5365:2019: Relocation
5326:, relocating to
5312:Sovereign states
5275:orphan medicines
5205:Other activities
4991:, relocating to
4977:sovereign states
4917:
4910:
4903:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4655:
4654:
4643:
4642:
4631:
4630:
4619:
4618:
4607:
4606:
4595:
4594:
4583:
4582:
4571:
4570:
4559:
4558:
4547:
4546:
4535:
4534:
4523:
4522:
4511:
4510:
4499:
4498:
4487:
4486:
4475:
4474:
4463:
4462:
4451:
4450:
4439:
4438:
4427:
4426:
4415:
4414:
4403:
4402:
4391:
4390:
4379:
4378:
4367:
4366:
4355:
4354:
4343:
4342:
4261:Supranationalism
4168:Area of FS&J
4064:
4063:
4052:
4051:
4040:
4039:
4028:
4027:
4016:
4015:
4004:
4003:
3992:
3991:
3980:
3979:
3968:
3967:
3956:
3955:
3944:
3943:
3932:
3931:
3920:
3919:
3908:
3907:
3896:
3895:
3884:
3883:
3872:
3871:
3860:
3859:
3848:
3847:
3836:
3835:
3824:
3823:
3812:
3811:
3800:
3799:
3788:
3787:
3776:
3775:
3764:
3763:
3752:
3751:
3642:European parties
3583:
3582:
3581:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3537:
3536:
3525:
3524:
3513:
3512:
3501:
3500:
3489:
3488:
3477:
3476:
3465:
3464:
3453:
3452:
3441:
3440:
3429:
3428:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3404:
3393:
3392:
3381:
3380:
3369:
3368:
3357:
3356:
3345:
3344:
3333:
3332:
3321:
3320:
3309:
3308:
3297:
3296:
3285:
3284:
3273:
3272:
3260:
3259:
3248:
3247:
3236:
3235:
3224:
3223:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2658:
2657:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2633:
2624:Hungarian forint
2622:
2621:
2610:
2609:
2598:
2597:
2586:
2585:
2559:
2558:
2529:
2528:
2517:
2516:
2505:
2504:
2493:
2492:
2481:
2480:
2469:
2468:
2457:
2456:
2445:
2444:
2433:
2432:
2421:
2420:
2409:
2408:
2397:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2360:
2349:
2348:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2324:
2313:
2312:
2301:
2300:
2289:Eurozone members
2250:
2249:
2248:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1720:Euratom agencies
1345:Thérèse Blanchet
1243:
1242:
1146:List of meetings
1124:European Council
997:Treaty of Lisbon
863:
862:
841:
840:
819:
818:
807:
806:
795:
794:
783:
782:
771:
770:
759:
758:
747:
746:
735:
734:
711:
710:
709:
698:
697:
696:
685:
684:
683:
672:
671:
670:
659:
658:
657:
646:
645:
644:
633:
632:
631:
620:
619:
618:
607:
606:
605:
594:
593:
592:
581:
580:
579:
568:
567:
566:
555:
554:
553:
542:
541:
540:
529:
528:
527:
516:
515:
514:
503:
502:
501:
490:
489:
488:
477:
476:
475:
464:
463:
462:
451:
450:
449:
438:
437:
436:
425:
424:
423:
412:
411:
410:
399:
398:
397:
386:
385:
384:
373:
372:
371:
347:
322:
321:
299:
298:
292:
275:
272:
270:
222:
174:
172:
167:
149:
140:
133:
129:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
8164:
8163:
8159:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8089:
8088:
8087:
8082:
8040:
8019:
7965:
7959:
7943:
7941:
7939:
7933:
7916:
7914:
7908:
7896:
7890:
7848:
7838:
7815:
7787:
7778:Gender Equality
7724:
7696:
7667:Space Programme
7657:Aviation Safety
7652:Maritime Safety
7588:
7578:
7572:
7567:
7508:
7507:
7504:
7494:
7470:
7468:Further reading
7465:
7464:
7454:
7452:
7448:
7437:
7431:
7427:
7420:
7406:
7402:
7395:
7381:
7377:
7367:
7365:
7350:
7346:
7336:
7334:
7330:
7319:
7313:
7309:
7299:
7297:
7289:The Independent
7280:
7276:
7229:
7225:
7215:
7213:
7168:
7164:
7154:
7152:
7137:
7136:
7132:
7122:
7120:
7107:
7106:
7102:
7092:
7090:
7073:
7069:
7059:
7057:
7041:
7040:
7036:
7026:
7024:
7011:
7010:
7006:
6996:
6994:
6973:
6969:
6959:
6957:
6940:
6933:
6923:
6921:
6906:
6902:
6892:
6890:
6881:
6880:
6876:
6866:
6864:
6853:
6849:
6839:
6837:
6820:
6816:
6806:
6804:
6795:
6794:
6790:
6780:
6778:
6767:
6763:
6753:
6751:
6734:
6730:
6720:
6718:
6717:on 14 July 2017
6705:
6704:
6700:
6690:
6688:
6673:
6669:
6659:
6657:
6644:
6643:
6639:
6629:
6627:
6618:
6617:
6613:
6603:
6601:
6588:
6587:
6583:
6573:
6571:
6562:
6561:
6557:
6547:
6545:
6541:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6519:
6509:
6507:
6494:
6493:
6489:
6479:
6477:
6462:
6458:
6448:
6446:
6431:
6427:
6417:
6415:
6406:
6405:
6401:
6391:
6389:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6365:
6363:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6339:
6337:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6314:Wayback Machine
6300:Louise Brinth:
6299:
6295:
6285:
6283:
6276:Cochrane Nordic
6270:
6269:
6265:
6255:
6253:
6244:
6243:
6239:
6231:
6224:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6205:
6203:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6175:
6173:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6143:
6141:
6126:
6125:
6121:
6111:
6109:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6081:
6079:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6049:
6047:
6032:
6031:
6027:
6017:
6015:
6000:
5999:
5995:
5985:
5983:
5976:
5952:
5948:
5938:
5936:
5923:
5922:
5915:
5905:
5903:
5888:
5881:
5871:
5869:
5856:
5855:
5848:
5842:Wayback Machine
5831:Wayback Machine
5820:
5813:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5786:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5765:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5737:
5735:
5722:
5721:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5606:
5590:
5584:
5526:
5520:
5514:was finalised.
5512:Zuidas district
5503:(20 votes) and
5367:
5336:
5330:in March 2019.
5291:
5286:
5255:
5207:
5199:
5175:
5162:
5146:
5125:
5113:
5086:
5081:
5001:
4995:in March 2019.
4921:
4892:
4888:Other countries
4876:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4831:
4823:
4822:
4809:
4781:
4661:
4649:
4637:
4625:
4613:
4601:
4589:
4577:
4565:
4553:
4541:
4529:
4517:
4505:
4493:
4481:
4469:
4457:
4445:
4433:
4421:
4409:
4397:
4385:
4373:
4361:
4349:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4311:
4303:
4295:
4285:
4284:
4215:Pro-Europeanism
4141:
4133:
4132:
4081:
4071:
4070:
4058:
4046:
4034:
4022:
4010:
3998:
3986:
3974:
3962:
3950:
3938:
3926:
3914:
3902:
3890:
3878:
3866:
3854:
3842:
3830:
3818:
3806:
3794:
3782:
3770:
3758:
3746:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3681:
3676:
3657:Spitzenkandidat
3632:
3622:
3621:
3595:
3590:
3579:
3577:
3566:
3564:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3507:
3495:
3483:
3471:
3459:
3447:
3435:
3423:
3411:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3351:
3339:
3327:
3315:
3303:
3291:
3279:
3267:
3254:
3242:
3230:
3218:
3215:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3178:
3176:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3155:
3136:Prüm Convention
3132:
3121:
3119:
3108:
3106:
3095:
3093:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3072:
3061:
3059:
3048:
3046:
3035:
3033:
3022:
3020:
3009:
3007:
2996:
2994:
2983:
2981:
2970:
2968:
2957:
2955:
2944:
2942:
2931:
2929:
2918:
2916:
2905:
2903:
2892:
2890:
2879:
2877:
2866:
2864:
2853:
2851:
2840:
2838:
2827:
2825:
2814:
2812:
2801:
2799:
2788:
2786:
2775:
2773:
2762:
2760:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2682:
2677:
2664:
2652:
2640:
2628:
2616:
2604:
2592:
2580:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2561:Paschal Donohoe
2553:
2545:
2538:
2536:
2523:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2451:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2367:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2292:
2284:
2274:
2273:
2257:
2246:
2244:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2211:
2209:
2198:
2196:
2185:
2183:
2172:
2170:
2159:
2157:
2146:
2144:
2133:
2131:
2120:
2118:
2107:
2105:
2094:
2092:
2081:
2079:
2068:
2066:
2055:
2053:
2042:
2040:
2029:
2027:
2016:
2014:
2003:
2001:
1990:
1988:
1977:
1975:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1949:
1938:
1936:
1925:
1923:
1912:
1910:
1899:
1897:
1886:
1884:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1865:Euratom members
1861:
1851:
1850:
1822:
1817:
1787:
1784:Advisory bodies
1780:
1767:
1762:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1650:
1645:
1638:Investment Fund
1633:Investment Bank
1629:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1541:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1440:Vice Presidents
1384:
1378:
1371:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1237:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1178:Vice Presidents
1159:
1152:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1110:
1095:
1090:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1014:
925:Treaty of Paris
914:
904:
903:
902:
869:
857:
854:
847:
835:
832:
825:
813:
801:
797:North Macedonia
789:
777:
765:
753:
741:
729:
726:
719:
718:
707:
705:
694:
692:
681:
679:
668:
666:
655:
653:
642:
640:
629:
627:
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156:Agency overview
150:
126:
119:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
8162:
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8111:
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8074:
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8056:Reconstruction
8052:
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7909:
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7904:Euratom Supply
7900:
7898:
7892:
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7889:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
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7502:External links
7500:
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7498:
7492:
7484:Westview Press
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6989:(in Italian).
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6399:
6373:
6347:
6336:on 27 May 2021
6317:
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6213:
6183:
6160:"Partnerships"
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5641:EudraVigilance
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5598:centralisation
5586:Main article:
5583:
5580:
5547:hosted by the
5522:Main article:
5519:
5518:2020: COVID-19
5516:
5407:Czech Republic
5371:United Kingdom
5366:
5363:
5335:
5334:2004: Renaming
5332:
5310:tendencies of
5295:European Union
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
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5250:
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5220:EudraVigilance
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5000:
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4405:Czech Republic
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4325:Defence Policy
4322:
4320:Foreign Policy
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4220:Euroscepticism
4217:
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4207:
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4123:Recommendation
4120:
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2012:
1999:
1986:
1973:
1960:
1947:
1945:Czech Republic
1934:
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1757:of the Euratom
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1603:Euro banknotes
1600:
1595:
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1397:Largest groups
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1261:Configurations
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949:Euratom Treaty
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943:Treaty of Rome
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441:Czech Republic
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223:million (2024)
217:
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186:
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183:European Union
180:
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142:
141:
117:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
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3:
2:
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7768:Cybersecurity
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7637:Plant Variety
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7493:0-8133-4202-3
7489:
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7436:
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7419:9781506346182
7415:
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7404:
7396:
7394:9781498748513
7390:
7386:
7379:
7363:
7359:
7358:Fierce Pharma
7355:
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6984:la Repubblica
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6830:The Telegraph
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5671:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5515:
5513:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5322:prior to the
5321:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5308:protectionist
5304:
5300:
5296:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5267:Liechtenstein
5264:
5260:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5202:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5170:
5167:
5157:
5155:
5154:harmonisation
5151:
5141:
5139:
5134:
5130:
5120:
5118:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5050:
5049:decentralises
5046:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4987:prior to the
4986:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4973:protectionist
4969:
4965:
4961:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4918:
4913:
4911:
4906:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4873:
4872:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4307:Josep Borrell
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4151:Customs Union
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4095:ECJ Case 6/64
4092:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3667:Apportionment
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3626:
3625:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3587:
3576:
3574:
3573:Liechtenstein
3563:
3561:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3193:
3186:
3175:
3173:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3118:
3116:
3105:
3103:
3102:Liechtenstein
3092:
3090:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3069:
3058:
3056:
3045:
3043:
3032:
3030:
3019:
3017:
3006:
3004:
2993:
2991:
2980:
2978:
2967:
2965:
2954:
2952:
2941:
2939:
2928:
2926:
2915:
2913:
2902:
2900:
2889:
2887:
2876:
2874:
2863:
2861:
2850:
2848:
2837:
2835:
2824:
2822:
2811:
2809:
2798:
2796:
2785:
2783:
2772:
2770:
2759:
2757:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:Schengen Area
2737:
2736:
2727:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2660:Swedish krona
2656:
2651:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2588:Bulgarian lev
2584:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2243:
2241:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2219:
2208:
2206:
2195:
2193:
2182:
2180:
2169:
2167:
2156:
2154:
2143:
2141:
2130:
2128:
2117:
2115:
2104:
2102:
2091:
2089:
2078:
2076:
2065:
2063:
2052:
2050:
2039:
2037:
2026:
2024:
2013:
2011:
2000:
1998:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1972:
1961:
1959:
1948:
1946:
1935:
1933:
1922:
1920:
1909:
1907:
1896:
1894:
1883:
1881:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1703:AFSC agencies
1702:
1700:CFSP agencies
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1642:EIB Institute
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1507:General Court
1505:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1416:Iratxe García
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:Manfred Weber
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:Civil Service
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:Von der Leyen
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
955:Merger Treaty
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
913:
908:
907:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
866:
861:
856:
855:
853:
852:
844:
839:
834:
833:
831:
830:
822:
817:
812:
810:
805:
800:
798:
793:
788:
786:
781:
776:
774:
769:
764:
762:
757:
752:
750:
745:
740:
738:
733:
728:
727:
725:
724:
715:
704:
702:
691:
689:
678:
676:
665:
663:
652:
650:
639:
637:
626:
624:
613:
611:
600:
598:
587:
585:
574:
572:
561:
559:
548:
546:
535:
533:
522:
520:
509:
507:
496:
494:
483:
481:
470:
468:
457:
455:
444:
442:
431:
429:
418:
416:
405:
403:
392:
390:
379:
377:
366:
365:
360:
359:Member states
355:
354:
351:
350:
346:
342:
341:
337:
333:
332:
328:
324:
323:
315:
291:
283:
278:
274:
266:
262:
256:
253:
252:
250:
246:
239:
236:
233:
232:
230:
226:
218:
216:Annual budget
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:, Netherlands
194:
191:
187:
184:
181:
177:
163:
159:
154:
148:
143:
139:
134:
128:
124:
110:
107:
99:
96:December 2022
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
8015:Shift-2-Rail
7966:undertakings
7847:EU executive
7626:
7477:
7453:. Retrieved
7446:the original
7428:
7409:
7403:
7384:
7378:
7368:16 September
7366:. Retrieved
7357:
7347:
7337:16 September
7335:. Retrieved
7323:
7310:
7300:16 September
7298:. Retrieved
7287:
7277:
7245:(14): 1385.
7242:
7236:
7226:
7216:16 September
7214:. Retrieved
7179:
7175:
7165:
7155:16 September
7153:. Retrieved
7142:
7133:
7123:16 September
7121:. Retrieved
7112:
7103:
7093:16 September
7091:. Retrieved
7080:
7070:
7060:16 September
7058:. Retrieved
7046:
7037:
7027:16 September
7025:. Retrieved
7016:
7007:
6995:. Retrieved
6980:
6970:
6958:. Retrieved
6947:
6922:. Retrieved
6914:Pharma Times
6913:
6903:
6891:. Retrieved
6877:
6865:. Retrieved
6850:
6838:. Retrieved
6829:
6817:
6805:. Retrieved
6791:
6779:. Retrieved
6773:. Euractiv.
6764:
6752:. Retrieved
6743:The Guardian
6741:
6731:
6719:. Retrieved
6715:the original
6710:
6701:
6689:. Retrieved
6681:The Guardian
6680:
6670:
6658:. Retrieved
6640:
6628:. Retrieved
6624:the original
6614:
6602:. Retrieved
6598:the original
6593:
6584:
6574:14 September
6572:. Retrieved
6558:
6548:17 September
6546:. Retrieved
6532:
6520:
6508:. Retrieved
6499:
6490:
6478:. Retrieved
6469:
6459:
6447:. Retrieved
6438:
6428:
6416:. Retrieved
6402:
6390:. Retrieved
6376:
6364:. Retrieved
6350:
6338:. Retrieved
6334:the original
6329:
6320:
6301:
6296:
6284:. Retrieved
6280:the original
6275:
6266:
6254:. Retrieved
6240:
6229:the original
6216:
6204:. Retrieved
6195:
6186:
6176:17 September
6174:. Retrieved
6170:the original
6163:
6154:
6144:17 September
6142:. Retrieved
6131:
6122:
6112:17 September
6110:. Retrieved
6101:
6092:
6082:17 September
6080:. Retrieved
6069:
6060:
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