49:
33:
4981:
influential classifications of mammals. It is unclear from the sources how these two sequences are to be coordinated (or interwoven) within a unitary zoological hierarchy of ranks. Previously, Novacek (1986) and McKenna-Bell (1997) had inserted mirorders and grandorders between the order and superorder, but Benton (2005) now positions both of these ranks above the superorder.
4060:
diversification event results in an increase of diversity and thus increases the taxonomic rank assigned by present-day taxonomists. Furthermore, some groups have many described species not because they are more diverse than other species, but because they are more easily sampled and studied than other groups.
4092:), as judged by a biologist, using all the information available to them. Equally ranked higher taxa in different phyla are not necessarily equivalent (e.g., it is incorrect to assume that families of insects are in some way evolutionarily comparable to families of mollusks). For animals, at least the
4893:
For the general usage of zoological ranks between the phylum and family levels, including many intercalary ranks, see
Carroll (1988). For additional intercalary ranks in zoology, see especially Gaffney & Meylan (1988); McKenna & Bell (1997); Milner (1988); Novacek (1986, cit. in Carroll 1988:
1729:
have been downgraded from a division (Magnoliophyta) to a subclass (Magnoliidae), and the superorder has become the rank that distinguishes the major groups of flowering plants. The traditional classification of primates (class
Mammalia, subclass Theria, infraclass Eutheria, order Primates) has been
3457:
The ranks of epifamily, infrafamily and infratribe (in animals) are used where the complexities of phyletic branching require finer-than-usual distinctions. Although they fall below the rank of superfamily, they are not regulated under the
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and hence do
4980:
The supra-ordinal sequence gigaorder–megaorder–capaxorder–hyperorder (and the microorder, in roughly the position most often assigned to the parvorder) has been employed in turtles at least (Gaffney & Meylan 1988), while the parallel sequence magnorder–grandorder–mirorder figures in recently
634:
Botanical ranks categorize organisms based on their relationships. They start with
Kingdom, then move to Division (or Phylum), Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. Each rank reflects shared characteristics and evolutionary history. Understanding these ranks aids in taxonomy and studying
4059:
Ranks are assigned based on subjective dissimilarity, and do not fully reflect the gradational nature of variation within nature. In most cases, higher taxonomic groupings arise further back in time: not because the rate of diversification was higher in the past, but because each subsequent
139:, a method of classification of animals and plants according to the proportion of measurable or like characteristics that they have in common. It is assumed that the higher the proportion of characteristics that two organisms share, the more recently they both came from a common ancestor.
4961:
2005). In botanical classification, the cohort group has sometimes been inserted between the division (phylum) group and the class group: see Willis & McElwain (2002: 100–101), or has sometimes been used at the rank of order, and is now considered to be an obsolete name for order: See
4401:"Log In ‹ Information metBotanical Ranks: Understanding Taxonomic Classification" Meta Description: Explore the hierarchical structure of botanical classification, from Kingdom to Species, essential for understanding plant diversity and evolution. a description — WordPress"
4075:
A classification in which all taxa have formal ranks cannot adequately reflect knowledge about phylogeny. Since taxon names are dependent on ranks in traditional
Linnaean systems of classification, taxa without ranks cannot be given names. Alternative approaches, such as using
536:
The rules in the Code apply to the ranks of superfamily to subspecies, and only to some extent to those above the rank of superfamily. Among "genus-group names" and "species-group names" no further ranks are officially allowed. Zoologists sometimes use additional terms such as
1722:– but only Mammalia and Theria are in the table. Legitimate arguments might arise if the commonly used clades Eutheria and Placentalia were both included, over which is the rank "infraclass" and what the other's rank should be, or whether the two names are synonyms.
4063:
Of these many ranks, the most basic is species. However, this is not to say that a taxon at any other rank may not be sharply defined, or that any species is guaranteed to be sharply defined. It varies from case to case. Ideally, a taxon is intended to represent a
142:
A given rank subsumes less general categories under it, that is, more specific descriptions of life forms. Above it, each rank is classified within more general categories of organisms and groups of organisms related to each other through inheritance of
1123:
In a publication prior to 1 January 1890, if only one infraspecific rank is used, it is considered to be that of variety. (Article 37.4) This commonly applies to publications that labelled infraspecific taxa with Greek letters, α, β, γ,
419:
A taxon is usually assigned a rank when it is given its formal name. The basic ranks are species and genus. When an organism is given a species name it is assigned to a genus, and the genus name is part of the species name.
4740:
Whitman, William B.; Oren, Aharon; Chuvochina, Maria; da Costa, Milton S.; Garrity, George M.; Rainey, Fred A.; Rossello-Mora, Ramon; Schink, Bernhard; Sutcliffe, Iain; Trujillo, Martha E.; Ventura, StefanoYR 2018 (2018).
4400:
4087:
There are no rules for how many species should make a genus, a family, or any other higher taxon (that is, a taxon in a category above the species level). It should be a natural group (that is, non-artificial,
1113:
If names were "intended as names of orders, but published with their rank denoted by a term such as": "cohors" , "nixus", "alliance", or "Reihe" instead of "order" (Article 17.2), they are treated as names of
462:
The
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature divides names into "family-group names", "genus-group names" and "species-group names". The Code explicitly mentions the following ranks for these categories:
1730:
modified by new classifications such as McKenna and Bell (class
Mammalia, subclass Theriformes, infraclass Holotheria) with Theria and Eutheria assigned lower ranks between infraclass and the order Primates.
4918:
These are movable ranks, most often inserted between the class and the legion or cohort. Nevertheless, their positioning in the zoological hierarchy may be subject to wide variation. For examples, see the
4704:
Oren, Aharon (1 November 2023). "Emendation of
Principle 8, Rules 5b, 8, 15, 33a, and Appendix 7 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes to include the categories of kingdom and domain".
3506:
There is an indeterminate number of ranks, as a taxonomist may invent a new rank at will, at any time, if they feel this is necessary. In doing so, there are some restrictions, which will vary with the
4946:
In zoological classification, the cohort and its associated group of ranks are inserted between the class group and the ordinal group. The cohort has also been used between infraorder and family in
5174:
131:. While older approaches to taxonomic classification were phenomenological, forming groups on the basis of similarities in appearance, organic structure and behavior, methods based on
4619:
5010:(genetic variants) that are physiologically or biochemically distinctive. These are not taxonomic ranks, but are groupings of various sorts which may define a bacterial subspecies.
1117:"Family" is substituted for "order" (ordo) or "natural order" (ordo naturalis) under certain conditions where the modern meaning of "order" was not intended. (Article 18.2)
1816:, with a standard termination. The terminations used in forming these names depend on the kingdom (and sometimes the phylum and class) as set out in the table below.
1029:
4743:"Proposal of the suffix –ota to denote phyla. Addendum to 'Proposal to include the rank of phylum in the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes'"
3397:
1725:
The ranks of higher taxa, especially intermediate ranks, are prone to revision as new information about relationships is discovered. For example, the
4299:
3514:
The following is an artificial synthesis, solely for purposes of demonstration of relative rank (but see notes), from most general to most specific:
1109:
If a different term for the rank was used in an old publication, but the intention is clear, botanical nomenclature specifies certain substitutions:
5158:
1276:
1120:"Subfamily is substituted for "suborder" (subordo) under certain conditions where the modern meaning of "suborder" was not intended. (Article 19.2)
48:
4790:
3396:
For animals, there are standard suffixes for taxa only up to the rank of superfamily. Uniform suffix has been suggested (but not recommended) in
439:
indicates the species and it is not capitalized. While not always used, some species include a specific epithet. For instance, modern humans are
1690:
In order to keep the table compact and avoid disputed technicalities, some common and uncommon intermediate ranks are omitted. For example, the
4678:
3385:, with the standard ending "-aceae" for a family. Names above the rank of family are also formed from a generic name, or are descriptive (like
1574:
260:
used a ranking scale limited to kingdom, class, order, genus, species, and one rank below species. Today, the nomenclature is regulated by the
456:
242:
in a taxonomic hierarchy (e.g. all families are for nomenclatural purposes at the same rank, which lies between superfamily and subfamily)."
230:
4325:
4902:
dinosaurs as reported in
Lambert (1990: 149, 159). For botanical ranks, including many intercalary ranks, see Willis & McElwain (2002).
3918:
272:) is now widely used as a fundamental rank, although it is not mentioned in any of the nomenclature codes, and is a synonym for dominion (
5047:
Kluge, N.J. (1999). "A system of alternative nomenclatures of supra-species taxa. Linnaean and post-Linnaean principles of systematics".
3428:
4999:
1820:
3423:
for orders, for example; protozoologists seem to adopt this system. Many metazoan (higher animals) orders also have such suffix, e.g.
5421:
4815:
4865:
Zoological names. A list of phyla, classes, and orders, prepared for section F, American
Association for the Advancement of Science.
4126:
There are several acronyms intended to help memorise the taxonomic hierarchy, such as "King Phillip came over for great spaghetti".
1091:
Hybrids can be specified either by a "hybrid formula" that specifies the parentage, or may be given a name. For hybrids receiving a
1047:
The rules in the ICN apply primarily to the ranks of family and below, and only to some extent to those above the rank of family.
5136:
4493:
4463:
4433:
4217:
4080:, avoid this problem. The theoretical difficulty with superimposing taxonomic ranks over evolutionary trees is manifested as the
4954:
4923:
159:; which means that to identify a particular organism, it is usually not necessary to specify ranks other than these first two.
4867:
5358:
Novacek, Michael J. (1986). "The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level classification of eutherian mammals".
5205:
5168:
4377:
563:. (Note the potentially confusing use of "species group" as both a category of ranks as well as an unofficial rank itself.)
264:. There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, and species. In addition,
1066:
in one part (unitary name); those at the rank of species and above (but below genus) have a botanical name in two parts (
205:(cats, civets, hyenas, mongooses). Carnivorans are one group of the hairy, warm-blooded, nursing members of the class
5246:
4371:
3373:
In botany and mycology names at the rank of family and below are based on the name of a genus, sometimes called the
5820:
625:. As there is only one possible rank below that of species, no connecting term to indicate rank is needed or used.
5810:
17:
5389:
5339:
5320:
5289:
5267:
5414:
4582:
Chase, M. W.; Reveal, J. L. (2009), "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III",
1738:
These differences arise because there are few available ranks and many branching points in the fossil record.
54:
4682:
4246:
5825:
58:
4268:
1071:
53:
1741:
Within species further units may be recognised. Animals may be classified into subspecies (for example,
57:
56:
4081:
1050:
599:
217:. Finally, at the highest rank all of these are grouped together with all other organisms possessing
5349:
Milner, Andrew (1988). "The relationships and origin of living amphibians". In Benton, M. J. (ed.).
60:
5407:
4962:
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, Melbourne Code 2012, Article 17.2.
1790:
36:
The major ranks: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, applied to the
431:. This is usually italicized in print or underlined when italics are not available. In this case,
5815:
4340:
1647:
1186:
1134:
603:
55:
5661:
5258:
4163:
4077:
1746:
59:
4784:
1733:
424:
193:, which includes dogs, wolves, jackals, and all foxes; the next higher major rank, the order
5020:
Gingerich, P. D. (1987). "Evolution and the fossil record: Patterns, rates, and processes".
1092:
553:
for convenience as extra, but unofficial, ranks between the subgenus and species levels in
4807:
4108:
Enigmatic taxa are taxonomic groups whose broader relationships are unknown or undefined.
8:
4168:
3534:
3466:
1392:
1177:. The eight major ranks are given in bold; a selection of minor ranks are given as well.
1041:
459:: superfamily, family, subfamily, tribe, subtribe, genus, subgenus, species, subspecies.
591:
A taxon above the rank of species has a scientific name in one part (a uninominal name).
52:
5590:
5534:
5519:
5501:
5367:
Sereno, Paul C. (1986). "Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia)".
5222:
4291:
3685:
3608:
3508:
1537:
1290:
1074:). To indicate the rank of the infraspecific name, a "connecting term" is needed. Thus
261:
95:
64:
5306:. Vol. 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 157–219.
566:
At higher ranks (family and above) a lower level may be denoted by adding the prefix "
427:, that is, a two-term name. For example, the zoological name for the human species is
5651:
5605:
5600:
5487:
5482:
5476:
5385:
5353:. Vol. 1: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 59–102.
5335:
5316:
5299:
5285:
5277:
5263:
5242:
5234:
5164:
4951:
4920:
4772:
4764:
4722:
4648:
4615:"International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Prokaryotic Code (2022 Revision)"
4596:
4557:
4549:
4529:
4516:
Botanical Latin: History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary, Fourth edition
4485:
4455:
4425:
4367:
4209:
4147:
4129:
3706:
3568:
3458:
not have formal standard endings. The suffixes listed here are regular, but informal.
1797:
1250:
1082:, where "subsp". is an abbreviation for "subspecies", is the name of a subspecies of
318:
124:
4610:
3434:
Forming a name based on a generic name may be not straightforward. For example, the
189:) which comprises all the "true" foxes. Their close relatives are all in the family
5769:
5726:
5678:
5667:
5467:
5457:
5446:
5214:
5079:
5029:
5007:
4864:
4754:
4714:
4638:
4628:
4591:
4541:
4359:
4283:
4238:
4187:
3993:
3935:
3862:
3543:
3524:
3406:
3302:
3285:
3245:
3220:
3188:
3169:
3143:
3093:
3068:
3040:
3002:
2980:
2955:
2923:
2880:
2855:
2819:
2775:
2745:
2703:
2663:
2643:
2615:
2581:
2528:
2486:
2452:
2430:
2382:
2343:
2315:
2281:
2262:
2211:
2169:
2133:
2086:
2050:
1992:
1840:
1826:
1786:
1675:
1668:
1511:
1480:
1439:
1422:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1173:
1167:
618:
474:
383:
304:
144:
132:
128:
120:
108:
5203:(January 1945). "History and Nomenclature of the Higher Units of Classification".
4486:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants – Melbourne Code"
4456:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants – Melbourne Code"
4426:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants – Melbourne Code"
4210:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants – Melbourne Code"
5751:
5737:
5704:
5693:
5687:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5625:
5619:
5614:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5559:
5553:
4958:
4927:
4871:
4808:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code)"
4361:
4005:
3982:
3965:
3944:
3899:
3766:
3652:
3646:
3640:
1726:
1454:
1361:
1351:
1345:
487:
369:
355:
252:
116:
112:
5200:
4114:
4009:
4001:
1887:
1387:
1321:
1070:); all taxa below the rank of species have a botanical name in three parts (an
1063:
1033:
273:
5804:
5780:
5302:; Meylan, Peter A. (1988). "A phylogeny of turtles". In Benton, M. J. (ed.).
5084:
5067:
4768:
4553:
4530:"Valid publication of names of two domains and seven kingdoms of prokaryotes"
4069:
4031:
4021:
1707:
1547:
1517:
1381:
1377:
1316:
1306:
1154:
257:
201:(bears, seals, weasels, skunks, raccoons and all those mentioned above), and
4899:
4776:
4759:
4742:
4726:
4718:
4652:
4633:
4614:
4561:
4545:
4089:
3562:
3557:
1562:
1310:
1757:, the pied raven). Plants may be classified into subspecies (for example,
4895:
3662:
3627:
3621:
3595:
3518:
1873:
1719:
1699:
1631:
1532:
1495:
1084:
1067:
218:
4643:
4360:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999). "Glossary".
5763:
5226:
4947:
4837:
4295:
4153:
4015:
3977:
3792:
3757:
3657:
3574:
3424:
3386:
3374:
1813:
1603:
1490:
1475:
1416:
1339:
559:
528:
269:
202:
198:
136:
32:
5673:
5544:
5539:
5530:
4995:
4097:
3868:
3797:
3772:
3745:
3667:
3615:
3451:
3377:
of that taxon, with a standard ending. For example, the rose family,
1557:
1552:
1522:
1434:
1402:
1328:
1296:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
613:
A subspecies has a name composed of three parts (a trinomial name or
481:
194:
90:
5218:
5033:
4840:
infrafamilies Chelodd (Gaffney & Meylan 1988: 169) and Baenodd (
4287:
5720:
5699:
5128:
5118:. 2nd ed. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, pp. 26–27.
4158:
3987:
3930:
3904:
3787:
3549:
3470:
3378:
1864:
1774:
1715:
1703:
1695:
1579:
1527:
1334:
1301:
1242:
1158:
1099:(Greek: 'bastard'), with nothogenus as the highest permitted rank.
1037:
1028:
There are definitions of the following taxonomic categories in the
614:
511:
493:
214:
210:
209:, which are classified among animals with notochords in the phylum
206:
5399:
4072:
of the organisms under discussion, but this is not a requirement.
5757:
5003:
4747:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
4707:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
4675:
4620:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
4534:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
4240:
3971:
1868:
1691:
1640:
1624:
1470:
1465:
1412:
595:
522:
411:
336:
222:
190:
171:
163:
100:
76:
37:
5512:
5496:
4991:
4366:. London: The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
4093:
3602:
3462:
3390:
3011:
1898:
1893:
1711:
1584:
1407:
1372:
1367:
1284:
1271:
1261:
1256:
594:
A species has a name composed of two parts (a binomial name or
340:
332:
5100:
Plant Taxonomy: The Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data.
3232:
3175:
3172:
3117:
3114:
3080:
3055:
3052:
3046:
3020:
2989:
2967:
2935:
2929:
2892:
2886:
2825:
2799:
2796:
2760:
2757:
2724:
2687:
2627:
2593:
2561:
2513:
2473:
2439:
2409:
2403:
2364:
2358:
2330:
455:
There are definitions of the following taxonomic ranks in the
5714:
4739:
4676:"ICTV Code. Section 3.IV, § 3.23; section 3.V, §§ 3.27-3.28."
4242:
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition
4142:
4065:
3924:
1903:
1883:
1877:
1829:
1823:. More Latinate pronunciations are also common, particularly
1654:
1617:
1596:
1266:
1191:
1142:
505:
397:
239:
104:
85:
4239:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999),
2681:
5315:. Oxford: Facts on File / British Museum (Natural History.
5160:
Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge: The Book of Mnemonic Devices
4084:
which may be illustrated by Darwinian evolutionary models.
3415:
3314:
3308:
3257:
3251:
3226:
3200:
3194:
3074:
3014:
2983:
2961:
2895:
2867:
2861:
2831:
2828:
2781:
2718:
2709:
2666:
2652:
2646:
2621:
2587:
2555:
2549:
2540:
2507:
2501:
2492:
2467:
2433:
2394:
2349:
2324:
2302:
2296:
2268:
2265:
2244:
2238:
2229:
2223:
2196:
2190:
2181:
2175:
2154:
2148:
2139:
2113:
2107:
2098:
2071:
2065:
2056:
2037:
2031:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1843:
1809:
1610:
554:
3146:
2964:
2864:
2327:
2287:
1998:
4875:
American Association for the Advancement of Science, p. 4
3409:
3288:
3108:
3099:
2790:
2751:
2534:
2461:
2388:
2217:
2092:
1812:
above the genus level are often given names based on the
1661:
1460:
1196:
1150:
1694:
of Europe, Africa, and upper North America are in class
1030:
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
4492:. 2012. Article 3.2, and Appendix 1, Articles H.1–3.
3254:
3229:
3197:
3111:
3077:
2793:
2754:
2727:
2690:
2678:
2630:
2590:
2546:
2498:
2464:
2458:
2412:
2400:
2367:
2355:
2321:
2293:
2241:
2226:
2193:
2178:
2151:
2136:
2104:
2062:
2028:
2001:
1104:
5068:"Circumscriptional names of higher taxa in Hexapoda"
3412:
3311:
3291:
3149:
3105:
3096:
3049:
3017:
3008:
2986:
2932:
2889:
2787:
2778:
2721:
2715:
2706:
2649:
2624:
2558:
2552:
2537:
2531:
2510:
2504:
2470:
2436:
2406:
2391:
2385:
2361:
2299:
2290:
2235:
2220:
2214:
2187:
2145:
2110:
2095:
2089:
2068:
2034:
2007:
4245:, International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature,
3305:
3248:
3223:
3191:
3102:
3071:
3043:
3005:
2958:
2926:
2883:
2858:
2822:
2784:
2748:
2712:
2684:
2672:
2618:
2584:
2543:
2495:
2489:
2455:
2397:
2352:
2346:
2318:
2284:
2232:
2184:
2172:
2142:
2101:
2059:
2053:
2022:
1995:
147:or features from common ancestors. The rank of any
5360:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
5330:McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K., eds. (1997).
4100:, which is also, however, an arbitrary criterion.
3489:. The extra levels of realm and subrealm end with
5351:The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods
5332:Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level
5304:The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods
238:as: "The level, for nomenclatural purposes, of a
213:, and with them among all animals in the kingdom
83:is the relative level of a group of organisms (a
5802:
4802:
4800:
93:. A common system of biological classification (
4914:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4528:Göker, Markus; Oren, Aharon (22 January 2024).
4405:dev-information-meta-descrition.pantheonsite.io
181:) identifies a particular species in the genus
51:
5379:
5255:
4679:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
3775:(position in some zoological classifications)
1773:, snow pea), with cultivated plants getting a
5415:
5298:
4797:
4363:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
4326:"New views on the megaclassification of life"
4269:"Proposal for the recognition of super ranks"
1765:, the garden pea) or varieties (for example,
457:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
231:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
71:. Intermediate minor rankings are not shown.
4905:
4697:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4054:
3800:(usual position), or microorder (in zoology)
3461:In virology, the formal endings for taxa of
1133:Classifications of five species follow: the
5329:
4884:As supplied by Gaffney & Meylan (1988).
4789:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4581:
3441:
3435:
1785:'Snowbird'). Bacteria may be classified by
1062:Taxa at the rank of genus and above have a
585:
435:is the generic name and it is capitalized;
404:
390:
376:
362:
348:
325:
311:
297:
5422:
5408:
5102:2nd ed. Columbia University Press, p. 175.
4976:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4096:rank is usually associated with a certain
1057:
250:In his landmark publications, such as the
5110:
5108:
5083:
5019:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4758:
4659:
4642:
4632:
4595:
4527:
5114:Brusca, R.C. & Brusca, G.J. (2003).
4584:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1804:
47:
31:
5380:Willis, K. J.; McElwain, J. C. (2002).
5357:
5334:. New York: Columbia University Press.
5310:
5276:
5256:Brummitt, R. K.; Powell, C. E. (1992).
5199:
5137:United States Department of Agriculture
4965:
4540:(1). Society for General Microbiology.
14:
5803:
5366:
5348:
5233:
5105:
4933:
4355:
4353:
4323:
3751:Grandorder or capaxorder (in zoology)
1095:, the same ranks apply, prefixed with
5403:
5282:Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
5206:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
5177:from the original on 23 November 2023
5156:
5150:
5065:
5046:
4818:from the original on 19 December 2018
4380:from the original on 3 September 2021
4266:
5439:
5284:. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co.
4921:Benton classification of vertebrates
4703:
4609:
4496:from the original on 10 October 2020
4436:from the original on 10 October 2020
3754:Mirorder or hyperorder (in zoology)
5429:
5241:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
4350:
4305:from the original on 6 October 2016
1137:familiar in genetics laboratories (
450:
162:Consider a particular species, the
24:
4466:from the original on 3 August 2018
4418:
4398:
1105:Outdated names for botanical ranks
629:
617:): generic name + specific name +
557:with many species, e.g. the genus
423:The species name is also called a
25:
5837:
4220:from the original on 10 June 2019
4103:
172:specific name or specific epithet
5459:
5448:
4685:from the original on 6 July 2022
4597:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x
4249:from the original on 21 May 2019
3405:
3301:
3284:
3244:
3219:
3187:
3168:
3142:
3092:
3067:
3039:
3001:
2979:
2954:
2922:
2879:
2854:
2818:
2774:
2744:
2702:
2662:
2642:
2614:
2580:
2527:
2485:
2451:
2429:
2381:
2342:
2314:
2280:
2261:
2210:
2168:
2132:
2085:
2049:
1991:
1839:
1825:
1021:
1008:
993:
980:
965:
952:
935:
922:
907:
894:
879:
866:
679:
666:
280:), introduced by Moore in 1974.
89:) in an ancestral or hereditary
5653:
5592:
5192:
5121:
5092:
5059:
5040:
5013:
4984:
4887:
4878:
4856:
4847:
4830:
4733:
4603:
4575:
4521:
4508:
4462:. 2012. Articles 4.2 and 24.1.
4180:
3624:, or infradivision (in botany)
3598:, or superdivision (in botany)
5782:
5771:
5739:
5728:
5521:
5503:
5262:. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.
4478:
4448:
4392:
4317:
4260:
4232:
4202:
27:Level in a taxonomic hierarchy
13:
1:
4196:
3618:, or subdivision (in botany)
3473:are similar to viruses, only
1819:Pronunciations given are the
1165:), the "fly agaric" mushroom
574:, to the rank. For example,
245:
5369:National Geographic Research
5129:"Frequently Asked Questions"
4339:(4): 218–237. Archived from
4174:
3501:
7:
5384:. Oxford University Press.
5022:Canadian Journal of Zoology
4136:
4127:
4121:
4109:
3682:Superdivision (in zoology)
3381:, is named after the genus
1731:
1128:
1048:
151:and the description of its
10:
5842:
4898:'s 1986 classification of
4216:. 2012. Articles 2 and 3.
3748:or megaorder (in zoology)
3694:Infradivision (in zoology)
1796:, a strain that can cause
1051:descriptive botanical name
582:family (below subfamily).
578:order (below suborder) or
5437:
4055:Significance and problems
3855:Series (for Lepidoptera)
3846:Hyperfamily (in zoology)
3843:Grandfamily (in zoology)
3724:Supercohort (in zoology)
3703:Superlegion (in zoology)
3691:Subdivision (in zoology)
3345:
3327:
3270:
3216:
3213:
3165:
3162:
3128:
3036:
3031:
2951:
2948:
2908:
2851:
2846:
2815:
2810:
2741:
2738:
2611:
2608:
2577:
2572:
2426:
2423:
2255:
2124:
1988:
1982:
1964:
1945:
1927:
1909:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1863:
1860:
1638:
1594:
1570:
1543:
1509:
1486:
1452:
1430:
1398:
1359:
1327:
1282:
1248:
1214:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1182:
403:
389:
375:
361:
347:
324:
310:
296:
291:
288:
65:biological classification
5239:Vertebrate Palaeontology
5085:10.11646/bionomina.1.1.3
4990:Additionally, the terms
4870:15 November 2021 at the
3858:Group (for Lepidoptera)
3840:Megafamily (in zoology)
3837:Gigafamily (in zoology)
3762:Series (in Ichthyology)
3733:Infracohort (in zoology)
3715:Infralegion (in zoology)
586:Names of zoological taxa
135:have opened the road to
5821:Zoological nomenclature
5382:The Evolution of Plants
5311:Lambert, David (1990).
4957:16 January 2019 at the
4926:16 January 2019 at the
4078:circumscriptional names
3941:Subsection (in botany)
3852:Epifamily (in zoology)
3832:Subsection (in zoology)
3781:Hypoorder (in zoology)
3742:Gigaorder (in zoology)
3730:Subcohort (in zoology)
3712:Sublegion (in zoology)
3467:satellite nucleic acids
1139:Drosophila melanogaster
1058:Names of botanical taxa
5811:Botanical nomenclature
5259:Authors of Plant Names
5157:Evans, Rod L. (2007).
5098:Stuessy, T.F. (2009).
4760:10.1099/ijsem.0.002593
4719:10.1099/ijsem.0.006123
4634:10.1099/ijsem.0.005585
4546:10.1099/ijsem.0.006242
4164:Tree of life (biology)
3784:Minorder (in zoology)
3778:Nanorder (in zoology)
3442:
3436:
3429:Nectaspida (Naraoiida)
2125:Subdivision/subphylum
405:
391:
377:
363:
349:
326:
312:
298:
277:
72:
45:
4267:Moore, R. T. (1974).
4012:(in lepidopterology)
3950:Subseries (in botany)
3829:Section (in zoology)
1805:Terminations of names
1734:mammal classification
284:Main taxonomic ranks
62:
35:
5066:Kluge, N.J. (2010).
5049:Entomological Review
5006:designate bacterial
4862:Pearse, A.S. (1936)
4814:. 2018. Article 16.
4518:. David and Charles.
3727:Cohort (in zoology)
1745:, modern humans) or
1743:Homo sapiens sapiens
1171:, and the bacterium
1157:in his discovery of
623:Canis lupus italicus
470:Superfamily (-oidea)
441:Homo sapiens sapiens
5826:Biology terminology
5488:Infrakingdom/Branch
4514:Stearn, W.T. 1992.
4324:Luketa, S. (2012).
4169:Alliance (taxonomy)
3535:Subdomain (biology)
1777:name (for example,
1751:Corvus corax varius
1393:Gammaproteobacteria
762:-mycetidae (fungi)
640:
285:
5760:
5717:
5696:
5670:
5628:
5562:
5527:
5515:
5479:
5470:
5313:Dinosaur Data Book
5300:Gaffney, Eugene S.
5278:Carroll, Robert L.
5235:Benton, Michael J.
3450:(human) is in the
1538:Enterobacteriaceae
1072:infraspecific name
724:-mycotina (fungi)
638:
445:H. sapiens sapiens
283:
262:nomenclature codes
73:
46:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5792:
5756:
5713:
5692:
5666:
5624:
5558:
5517:
5511:
5475:
5468:
5170:978-1-4406-2207-6
4853:ICZN article 29.2
4836:For example, the
4148:Catalogue of Life
4130:taxonomy mnemonic
3509:nomenclature code
3446:, thus the genus
3440:has the genitive
3363:
3362:
1682:
1681:
1344:Magnoliophytina (
1026:
1025:
760:‑phycidae (algae)
745:-mycetes (fungi)
417:
416:
339:) / division (in
63:The hierarchy of
16:(Redirected from
5833:
5784:
5773:
5741:
5730:
5655:
5594:
5523:
5505:
5461:
5450:
5440:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5376:
5363:
5354:
5345:
5326:
5307:
5295:
5273:
5252:
5230:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5125:
5119:
5112:
5103:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5028:(5): 1053–1060.
5017:
5011:
4988:
4982:
4978:
4963:
4944:
4931:
4916:
4903:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4876:
4860:
4854:
4851:
4845:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4804:
4795:
4794:
4788:
4780:
4762:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4681:. October 2018.
4672:
4657:
4656:
4646:
4636:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4525:
4519:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4399:jibran, jibran.
4396:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4357:
4348:
4347:
4346:on 2 April 2015.
4345:
4330:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4304:
4273:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4206:
4191:
4190:is an exception.
4188:Virginia opossum
4184:
4133:
4118:
4082:boundary paradox
4008:(in zoology) or
4000:(in botany); or
3990:(for bacteria))
3986:(for fungi), or
3454:, not "Homidae".
3445:
3439:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1983:Division/phylum
1858:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1792:Escherichia coli
1737:
1727:flowering plants
1481:Enterobacterales
1440:Euarchontoglires
1423:Agaricomycetidae
1180:
1179:
1174:Escherichia coli
1168:Amanita muscaria
1054:
743:‑phyceae (algae)
705:-mycota (fungi)
641:
637:
619:subspecific name
543:species subgroup
451:Ranks in zoology
408:
394:
380:
366:
352:
329:
315:
301:
286:
282:
133:genetic analysis
21:
5841:
5840:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5830:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5752:Species complex
5502:Superdivision (
5433:
5431:Taxonomic ranks
5428:
5398:
5392:
5342:
5323:
5292:
5270:
5249:
5219:10.2307/2481265
5195:
5190:
5180:
5178:
5171:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5133:PLANTS database
5127:
5126:
5122:
5113:
5106:
5097:
5093:
5064:
5060:
5045:
5041:
5034:10.1139/z87-169
5018:
5014:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4966:
4959:Wayback Machine
4945:
4934:
4928:Wayback Machine
4917:
4906:
4894:499, 629); and
4892:
4888:
4883:
4879:
4872:Wayback Machine
4861:
4857:
4852:
4848:
4835:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4806:
4805:
4798:
4782:
4781:
4738:
4734:
4702:
4698:
4688:
4686:
4674:
4673:
4660:
4608:
4604:
4580:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4526:
4522:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4497:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4469:
4467:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4407:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4381:
4374:
4358:
4351:
4343:
4328:
4322:
4318:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4288:10.2307/1218807
4271:
4265:
4261:
4252:
4250:
4237:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4194:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4139:
4124:
4106:
4068:, that is, the
4057:
3983:forma specialis
3966:Species complex
3504:
3477:is replaced by
3408:
3404:
3304:
3300:
3287:
3283:
3247:
3243:
3222:
3218:
3190:
3186:
3171:
3167:
3145:
3141:
3095:
3091:
3070:
3066:
3042:
3038:
3004:
3000:
2982:
2978:
2957:
2953:
2925:
2921:
2882:
2878:
2857:
2853:
2821:
2817:
2777:
2773:
2747:
2743:
2705:
2701:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2645:
2641:
2617:
2613:
2583:
2579:
2530:
2526:
2488:
2484:
2454:
2450:
2432:
2428:
2384:
2380:
2345:
2341:
2317:
2313:
2283:
2279:
2264:
2260:
2213:
2209:
2171:
2167:
2135:
2131:
2088:
2084:
2052:
2048:
2027:
2021:
2015:
1994:
1990:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1824:
1821:most Anglicized
1807:
1648:D. melanogaster
1352:Agaricomycotina
1346:Euphyllophytina
1331:or subdivision
1131:
1107:
1060:
761:
759:
744:
742:
741:‑opsida (plant)
723:
704:
690:
632:
630:Ranks in botany
588:
547:species complex
518:Species-groups
453:
253:Systema Naturae
248:
69:taxonomic ranks
67:'s eight major
61:
28:
23:
22:
18:Rank (taxonomy)
15:
12:
11:
5:
5839:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5816:Plant taxonomy
5813:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5777:
5766:
5761:
5754:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5734:
5723:
5718:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5664:
5659:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5622:
5617:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5528:
5509:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5473:
5465:
5454:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5427:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5404:
5397:
5396:
5390:
5377:
5364:
5355:
5346:
5340:
5327:
5321:
5308:
5296:
5290:
5274:
5268:
5253:
5247:
5231:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5169:
5149:
5120:
5104:
5091:
5058:
5039:
5012:
4983:
4964:
4932:
4904:
4886:
4877:
4855:
4846:
4829:
4812:IAPT-Taxon.org
4796:
4753:(3): 967–969.
4732:
4696:
4658:
4602:
4590:(2): 122–127,
4574:
4520:
4507:
4490:IAPT-Taxon.org
4477:
4460:IAPT-Taxon.org
4447:
4430:IAPT-Taxon.org
4417:
4391:
4372:
4349:
4316:
4282:(4): 650–652.
4259:
4231:
4214:IAPT-Taxon.org
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4138:
4135:
4123:
4120:
4115:Incertae sedis
4105:
4104:Enigmatic taxa
4102:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4039:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3546:(in virology)
3541:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3511:that applies.
3503:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3459:
3455:
3432:
3394:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3240:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3183:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3088:
3063:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3028:
2997:
2975:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2875:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2770:
2768:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2698:
2638:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2523:
2521:
2481:
2447:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2377:
2375:
2338:
2310:
2276:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2206:
2204:
2164:
2162:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2081:
2079:
2045:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1888:Diaphoretickes
1881:
1871:
1862:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:food poisoning
1739:
1723:
1706:, infralegion
1687:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1388:Agaricomycetes
1385:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1322:Pseudomonadota
1319:
1314:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1280:
1279:
1277:Pseudomonadati
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1106:
1103:
1064:botanical name
1059:
1056:
1034:cultivar group
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
996:
995:
992:
989:
983:
982:
979:
976:
968:
967:
964:
961:
955:
954:
951:
946:
938:
937:
934:
931:
925:
924:
921:
918:
910:
909:
906:
903:
897:
896:
893:
890:
882:
881:
878:
875:
869:
868:
865:
860:
852:
851:
848:
845:
839:
838:
835:
832:
824:
823:
820:
817:
811:
810:
807:
802:
794:
793:
790:
787:
781:
780:
777:
772:
764:
763:
756:
753:
747:
746:
739:
734:
726:
725:
720:
717:
707:
706:
701:
696:
682:
681:
678:
675:
669:
668:
665:
660:
652:
651:
648:
645:
635:biodiversity.
631:
628:
627:
626:
621:; for example
611:
606:; for example
592:
587:
584:
534:
533:
532:
531:
526:
516:
515:
514:
509:
499:
498:
497:
491:
485:
479:
471:
467:Family-groups
452:
449:
415:
414:
409:
401:
400:
395:
387:
386:
381:
373:
372:
367:
359:
358:
353:
345:
344:
330:
322:
321:
316:
308:
307:
302:
294:
293:
290:
247:
244:
221:in the domain
99:) consists of
81:taxonomic rank
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5838:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5787:
5786:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5514:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5472:
5471:/Superkingdom
5466:
5464:
5463:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5432:
5425:
5420:
5418:
5413:
5411:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5393:
5387:
5383:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5362:(183): 1–112.
5361:
5356:
5352:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5333:
5328:
5324:
5318:
5314:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5254:
5250:
5248:9780632056378
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5201:Croizat, Leon
5198:
5197:
5176:
5172:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5153:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5124:
5117:
5116:Invertebrates
5111:
5109:
5101:
5095:
5086:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5062:
5055:(2): 133–147.
5054:
5050:
5043:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4901:
4900:ornithischian
4897:
4890:
4881:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4859:
4850:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4801:
4792:
4786:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4736:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4700:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4578:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4511:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4406:
4402:
4395:
4379:
4375:
4373:0-85301-006-4
4369:
4365:
4364:
4356:
4354:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4235:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4201:
4189:
4183:
4179:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3709:(in zoology)
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3688:(in zoology)
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3581:
3580:
3579:Infrakingdom
3578:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3552:(in virology)
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3497:respectively.
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3296:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3241:
3237:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3184:
3180:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3089:
3085:
3064:
3060:
3034:
3030:
3025:
2998:
2994:
2976:
2972:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2876:
2872:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2737:
2732:
2699:
2695:
2657:
2639:
2635:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2525:-viricetidae
2524:
2522:
2518:
2482:
2478:
2448:
2444:
2422:
2417:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2339:
2335:
2311:
2307:
2277:
2273:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2046:
2042:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:for stressed
1848:
1834:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1789:(for example
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:Pisum sativum
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:Pisum sativum
1764:
1760:
1759:Pisum sativum
1756:
1752:
1749:(for example
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:for details.)
1735:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1708:Tribosphenida
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:Drosophilinae
1546:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1518:Drosophilidae
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:Equisetopsida
1379:
1378:Magnoliopsida
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Basidiomycota
1315:
1312:
1308:
1307:Magnoliophyta
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1163:Pisum sativum
1160:
1156:
1155:Gregor Mendel
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
990:
988:
985:
984:
977:
974:
970:
969:
962:
960:
957:
956:
950:
947:
944:
940:
939:
932:
930:
927:
926:
919:
916:
912:
911:
904:
902:
899:
898:
891:
888:
884:
883:
876:
874:
871:
870:
864:
861:
858:
854:
853:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
808:
806:
803:
800:
796:
795:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
778:
776:
773:
770:
766:
765:
758:‑idae (plant)
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
740:
738:
735:
732:
728:
727:
721:
718:
716:
712:
709:
708:
702:
700:
697:
694:
688:
684:
683:
676:
674:
671:
670:
664:
661:
658:
654:
653:
649:
646:
643:
642:
639:Ranks in ICN
636:
624:
620:
616:
612:
609:
605:
604:specific name
601:
597:
593:
590:
589:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
561:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:species group
530:
527:
525:
524:
520:
519:
517:
513:
510:
508:
507:
503:
502:
501:Genus-groups
500:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
476:
472:
469:
468:
466:
465:
464:
460:
458:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
413:
410:
407:
402:
399:
396:
393:
388:
385:
382:
379:
374:
371:
368:
365:
360:
357:
354:
351:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:
328:
323:
320:
317:
314:
309:
306:
303:
300:
295:
287:
281:
279:
275:
271:
268:(proposed by
267:
263:
259:
258:Carl Linnaeus
255:
254:
243:
241:
237:
233:
232:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
168:Vulpes vulpes
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
70:
66:
50:
43:
42:Vulpes vulpes
39:
34:
30:
19:
5779:
5768:
5736:
5725:
5650:
5589:
5518:
5500:
5456:
5445:
5430:
5381:
5372:
5368:
5359:
5350:
5331:
5312:
5303:
5281:
5257:
5238:
5213:(1): 52–75.
5210:
5204:
5193:Bibliography
5179:. Retrieved
5159:
5152:
5140:. Retrieved
5132:
5123:
5115:
5099:
5094:
5078:(1): 15–55.
5075:
5071:
5061:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5025:
5021:
5015:
4986:
4889:
4880:
4863:
4858:
4849:
4841:
4832:
4820:. Retrieved
4811:
4785:cite journal
4750:
4746:
4735:
4710:
4706:
4699:
4687:. Retrieved
4644:10261/338243
4624:
4618:
4611:Oren, Aharon
4605:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4565:. Retrieved
4537:
4533:
4523:
4515:
4510:
4498:. Retrieved
4489:
4480:
4468:. Retrieved
4459:
4450:
4438:. Retrieved
4429:
4420:
4408:. Retrieved
4404:
4394:
4382:. Retrieved
4362:
4341:the original
4336:
4333:Protistology
4332:
4319:
4307:. Retrieved
4279:
4275:
4262:
4251:, retrieved
4241:
4234:
4222:. Retrieved
4213:
4204:
4182:
4150:(a database)
4125:
4111:
4107:
4090:polyphyletic
4086:
4074:
4062:
4058:
4035:
4028:(in botany)
4025:
4018:(in botany)
3997:
3981:
3970:
3947:(in botany)
3938:(in botany)
3923:
3861:
3849:Superfamily
3765:
3645:
3612:(in botany)
3607:
3601:
3567:
3563:Superkingdom
3558:Hyperkingdom
3529:
3523:
3513:
3505:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3447:
3401:
3387:Gymnospermae
3382:
3129:Infrafamily
2847:Superfamily
2660:or -iformes
2208:-viricotina
1874:Embryophytes
1852:
1837:rather than
1818:
1808:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1702:, sublegion
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1575:Drosophilini
1563:Amanitoideae
1510:
1503:Agaricineae
1453:
1360:
1311:Tracheophyta
1289:
1283:
1249:
1215:
1206:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1147:Homo sapiens
1146:
1138:
1132:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1061:
1046:
1027:
1014:
1000:
986:
972:
958:
948:
942:
928:
914:
900:
886:
872:
862:
856:
842:
828:
814:
804:
798:
784:
774:
768:
750:
736:
730:
714:
710:
698:
692:
686:
672:
662:
656:
633:
622:
607:
600:generic name
579:
575:
571:
567:
565:
558:
551:superspecies
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:
521:
504:
473:
461:
454:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:Homo sapiens
428:
422:
418:
265:
251:
249:
235:
229:
227:
186:
182:
178:
174:
167:
161:
156:
152:
148:
141:
94:
84:
80:
74:
68:
41:
29:
5679:Infrafamily
5662:Superfamily
5576:Subterclass
5545:Microphylum
5540:Infraphylum
5535:Subdivision
5497:Superphylum
5181:23 November
5163:. Penguin.
4950:dinosaurs (
4948:saurischian
4896:Paul Sereno
4822:19 December
4689:28 November
4384:10 November
4038:(in botany)
3896:Supertribe
3873:Infrafamily
3663:Subterclass
3628:Microphylum
3622:Infraphylum
3596:Superphylum
3582:Parvkingdom
3519:Superdomain
3366:Table notes
3271:Infratribe
2811:Infraorder
2573:Superorder
2483:-mycetidae
2379:-viricetes
1965:Subkingdom
1783:macrocarpon
1771:macrocarpon
1755:leucophaeus
1720:Placentalia
1710:, subclass
1700:Cladotheria
1685:Table notes
1669:A. muscaria
1632:Escherichia
1533:Amanitaceae
1496:Haplorrhini
1431:Superorder
1417:Magnoliidae
1093:hybrid name
1085:Poa secunda
1076:Poa secunda
1068:binary name
987:subvarietas
608:Canis lupus
570:", meaning
219:cell nuclei
197:, includes
5805:Categories
5764:Subspecies
5705:Infratribe
5688:Supertribe
5637:Infraorder
5620:Superorder
5591:Division (
5571:Infraclass
5554:Superclass
5520:Division (
5483:Subkingdom
5458:Subrealm (
5391:0198500653
5375:: 234–256.
5341:0231110138
5322:0816024316
5291:0716718227
5269:0947643443
4197:References
4154:Cladistics
4016:Subvariety
4010:aberration
3978:Subspecies
3919:Supergenus
3909:Infratribe
3793:Infraorder
3758:Superorder
3658:Infraclass
3641:Superclass
3575:Subkingdom
3487:-viriform-
3483:-satellit-
3425:Hyolithida
3375:type genus
3090:-virineae
3032:Subfamily
2909:Epifamily
2772:-virineae
2449:-phycidae
2166:-mycotina
2083:-viricota
1814:type genus
1662:P. sativum
1655:H. sapiens
1604:Drosophila
1544:Subfamily
1491:Brachycera
1476:Agaricales
1340:Vertebrata
1297:Arthropoda
1202:Fly agaric
1080:juncifolia
1049:(See also
959:subspecies
815:subfamilia
751:subclassis
711:subdivisio
685:division (
560:Drosophila
529:Subspecies
270:Carl Woese
246:Main ranks
137:cladistics
5770:Variety (
5727:Section (
5674:Subfamily
5652:Section (
5642:Parvorder
5615:Magnorder
5581:Parvclass
5531:Subphylum
5072:Bionomina
4996:morphovar
4838:chelonian
4769:1466-5034
4554:1466-5034
4309:5 October
4175:Footnotes
4098:body plan
4070:phylogeny
3869:Subfamily
3798:Parvorder
3773:Parvorder
3746:Magnorder
3668:Parvclass
3616:Subphylum
3502:All ranks
3471:viriforms
3469:, and of
3452:Hominidae
3346:Subgenus
3214:Subtribe
2999:-viridae
2739:Suborder
2700:-virales
2424:Subclass
2340:-mycetes
2312:-phyceae
2130:-phytina
1978:-viretes
1928:Subrealm
1698:, legion
1558:Faboideae
1553:Homininae
1523:Hominidae
1500:Fabineae
1487:Suborder
1435:Panorpida
1403:Pterygota
1399:Subclass
1329:Subphylum
1187:Fruit fly
1135:fruit fly
1006:secondary
978:secondary
971:variety (
941:species (
929:subseries
920:secondary
901:subsectio
892:secondary
885:section (
843:subtribus
834:secondary
715:subphylum
673:subregnum
655:kingdom (
482:Subfamily
203:feliforms
199:caniforms
195:Carnivora
185:(capital
91:hierarchy
5738:Series (
5721:Subgenus
5700:Subtribe
5632:Suborder
5566:Subclass
5280:(1988).
5237:(2005).
5175:Archived
5000:phagovar
4955:Archived
4924:Archived
4868:Archived
4816:Archived
4777:29458499
4727:37909283
4683:Archived
4653:37219928
4613:(2023).
4562:38252124
4500:28 April
4494:Archived
4470:3 August
4464:Archived
4440:28 April
4434:Archived
4432:. 2012.
4378:Archived
4300:Archived
4253:12 April
4247:archived
4224:28 April
4218:Archived
4159:Landrace
4137:See also
4122:Mnemonic
4036:subforma
3998:varietas
3988:pathovar
3931:Subgenus
3905:Subtribe
3788:Suborder
3686:Division
3653:Subclass
3609:division
3550:Subrealm
3479:-viroid-
3379:Rosaceae
3299:or -iti
3037:-oideae
2278:-opsida
2047:-mycota
1989:-ophyta
1946:Kingdom
1865:Bacteria
1775:cultivar
1718:, clade
1716:Eutheria
1714:, clade
1704:Zatheria
1696:Mammalia
1580:Hominini
1528:Fabaceae
1466:Primates
1444:Rosanae
1373:Mammalia
1335:Hexapoda
1302:Chordata
1291:division
1262:Animalia
1257:Animalia
1243:Bacteria
1159:genetics
1153:used by
1129:Examples
1038:cultivar
1015:subforma
973:varietas
913:series (
873:subgenus
822:‑oideae
797:family (
722:‑phytina
691:phylum (
615:trinomen
512:Subgenus
494:Subtribe
425:binomial
292:English
278:dominium
234:defines
215:Animalia
211:Chordata
207:Mammalia
96:taxonomy
5758:Species
5477:Kingdom
5447:Realm (
5227:2481265
5142:12 June
5008:strains
5004:serovar
4930:(2005).
4844:, 176).
4296:1218807
4032:Subform
3994:Variety
3972:Species
3936:Section
3569:Kingdom
3463:viroids
3443:hominis
3359:-virus
3341:-virus
2952:-aceae
2949:Family
2920:-oidae
2877:-oidea
2742:-ineae
1960:-virae
1923:-viria
1904:Viruses
1899:Animals
1869:Archaea
1794:O157:H7
1787:strains
1763:sativum
1761:subsp.
1753:morpha
1692:mammals
1676:E. coli
1641:Species
1625:Amanita
1471:Fabales
1461:Diptera
1413:Rosidae
1368:Insecta
1267:Plantae
1251:Kingdom
1238:Eukarya
1233:Eukarya
1228:Eukarya
1223:Eukarya
1208:E. coli
1149:), the
1114:orders.
1078:subsp.
1019:further
991:further
963:further
949:primary
943:species
933:further
905:further
877:further
863:primary
855:genus (
847:further
827:tribe (
819:further
809:-aceae
805:primary
799:familia
792:-ineae
789:further
785:subordo
775:primary
767:order (
755:further
737:primary
731:classis
729:class (
719:further
699:primary
687:divisio
677:further
663:primary
650:Suffix
596:binomen
523:Species
484:(-inae)
478:(-idae)
437:sapiens
412:species
406:species
378:familia
350:classis
337:zoology
319:kingdom
223:Eukarya
191:Canidae
177:(small
164:red fox
149:species
125:kingdom
101:species
77:biology
38:red fox
5781:Form (
5668:Family
5606:Cohort
5601:Legion
5513:Phylum
5469:Domain
5388:
5338:
5319:
5288:
5266:
5245:
5225:
5167:
5002:, and
4992:biovar
4952:Benton
4775:
4767:
4725:
4713:(11).
4651:
4627:(5a).
4567:7 June
4560:
4552:
4370:
4294:
4094:phylum
3945:Series
3863:Family
3707:Legion
3603:Phylum
3530:Empire
3525:Domain
3491:-viria
3328:Genus
3217:-inae
3163:Tribe
3065:-inae
2977:-idae
2852:-acea
2816:-aria
2612:-ales
2609:Order
2578:-anae
2427:-idae
2256:Class
1941:-vira
1910:Realm
1878:Plants
1747:morphs
1712:Theria
1585:Fabeae
1571:Tribe
1512:Family
1408:Theria
1285:Phylum
1217:Domain
1143:humans
999:form (
915:series
887:sectio
850:‑inae
829:tribus
779:-ales
703:‑phyta
693:phylum
657:regnum
496:(-ina)
490:(-ini)
475:Family
384:family
341:botany
333:phylum
327:phylum
313:regnum
305:domain
289:Latin
266:domain
183:Vulpes
175:vulpes
170:: the
145:traits
129:domain
127:, and
121:phylum
109:family
5715:Genus
5694:Tribe
5626:Order
5560:Class
5223:JSTOR
4842:ibid.
4410:7 May
4344:(PDF)
4329:(PDF)
4303:(PDF)
4292:JSTOR
4276:Taxon
4272:(PDF)
4143:Breed
4128:(See
4066:clade
4026:forma
4006:morph
3980:, or
3925:Genus
3900:Tribe
3767:Order
3647:Class
3606:, or
3544:Realm
3495:-vira
3475:-vir-
3465:, of
3391:Fungi
3242:-ina
3185:-ini
3166:-eae
3140:-odd
2640:-ida
1986:-ota
1949:-ati
1894:Fungi
1884:Algae
1861:Rank
1781:var.
1769:var.
1732:(See
1618:Pisum
1597:Genus
1455:Order
1362:Class
1272:Fungi
1192:Human
1183:Rank
1097:notho
1001:forma
857:genus
837:-eae
580:infra
576:infra
572:lower
568:infra
506:Genus
488:Tribe
443:, or
398:genus
392:genus
370:order
356:class
299:regio
274:Latin
240:taxon
157:basic
153:genus
117:class
113:order
105:genus
86:taxon
5783:bot.
5772:bot.
5740:bot.
5729:bot.
5654:zoo.
5593:zoo.
5522:bot.
5504:bot.
5460:vir.
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