44:
69:
471:
528:, or both. The oldest loess overlying original Rainwater basins have yielded ages from about 28,000 to 36,000 BP radiocarbon years and optically stimulated luminescence up to 36,000 BP calendar years. The fluvial sands of a pleistocene Platte River, which overlain by the Gilman Canyon formation and younger loesses, yielded optically stimulated luminescence dates from about 36,000 to 50,000 BP calendar years. These dates demonstrate that the Rainwater basins were formed prior to the
76:
51:
521:
covering the adjacent uplands and depressions. Where they have been cored, the ridges underlying the loess consist of well-sorted sand on the order of 3–5 meters (9.8–16.4 ft) thick. Also buried by loess beneath the surface of the
Rainwater Basin wetland region are the relict channel belt of the Pleistocene Platte River and relict fields of sand dunes. The original Rainwater Basins are associated with both of these buried Pleistocene landscapes.
1858:
301:, numbering in the thousands. The shallow depressions, in which these wetlands occur are lined with a nearly impervious layer of clayey soil, a claypan, that prohibits surface water from penetrating the subsoil. As a result, Rainwater Basins are not naturally influenced by the water table and the sole source of water is run-off in the form of rain, snow and, currently, drainage from crop
445:
Starks first recognized that the larger of these basins are approximately elliptical to elongate in shape. The larger and semi-elliptical of these basins typically measure about 0.4–0.9 miles (0.64–1.45 km) by 0.9–1.5 miles (1.4–2.4 km). Most basins are closed depressions that hold runoff
516:
in which these depressions initially developed. Thus, the modern basin landscape is a direct result of the accumulation a few meters of loess that blankets an older basin landscape. These basins are palimpsest landforms created by the episodic accumulation of a blanket of loess over a prehistoric
441:
depressions, which are irregular in shape and do not exhibit any orientation, range from about 0.1–30-hectare (0.25–74.13-acre) in size. Their bottoms generally lie less than 3 feet (0.91 m) below the surrounding land surface at their lowest point. Most of these smaller depressions have been
520:
Like their associated
Rainwater Basins, the crescent-shaped ridges (lunettes) are also blanketed by loess. Although a complete sequence of Peoria loess overlying Gilman Canyon Formation and associated paleosols cover the ridges, the overall thickness of loess is slightly thinner than the loess
204:. It lies principally in Adams, Butler, Clay, Fillmore, Hamilton, Kearney, Phelps, Polk, Saline, Seward, and York counties and extends into adjacent areas of southeastern Hall, northern Franklin, northern Nuckolls, western Saline, northern Thayer and northwestern Webster counties. Before
436:
lie scattered across the loess plain of south-central
Nebraska. The majority of them lie to the south of the Platte River. Prior to European settlement, there were nearly 4,000 of these wetlands totaling up 40,500-hectare (100,000-acre). The smaller,
461:
purposes. Many of the remaining sites have been set aside by government agencies and non-profit organizations; today, there are 84 publicly owned
Rainwater Basin sites, totaling 11,600-hectare (29,000-acre) of protected wildlife habitat.
329:. Established in 1963, the district is a complex of wetlands scattered across a 21-county area of Nebraska. One of the remaining two areas is McMurtrey Wildlife Management Area that was transferred from the
2556:
2506:
450:, or drain to an outside watershed, and no longer hold precipitation run-off. Many of the large semi-elliptical to elliptical Rainwater Basins have a crescent-shaped ridge that Stark referred to as a
2561:
2541:
286:
pass through the region to feed and rest. Along with riparian habitats associated Platte River, Big Blue River, its tributaries, and smaller streams, Rainwater Basins are a major component of the
2679:
2581:
2511:
2481:
2396:
2516:
2361:
2571:
2531:
2466:
2426:
2346:
2301:
2966:
2591:
2411:
2366:
2586:
2551:
2476:
2406:
2316:
337:
and managed through a memorandum of understanding. WPAs are small isolated tracts of land scattered throughout the
District. The Wetland Management District is managed from offices in
2566:
2496:
2471:
2336:
2331:
2306:
2291:
2971:
2441:
2436:
2356:
2611:
2526:
2351:
501:
Gilman Canyon
Formation (loess), a regional paleosol developed in Gilman Canyon Formation, Late Wisconsinan Peoria Loess, Brady Soil (paleosol) developed in the Peoria Loess, and
524:
The age of the loesses and associated paleosols that buried the original
Rainwater basins and the fluvial sand in which they formed have been dated by either radiocarbon dating,
2596:
2501:
2576:
2296:
2951:
2894:
2859:
2934:
2839:
2799:
2899:
2889:
2884:
2864:
2961:
2814:
2729:
2672:
2929:
2849:
2844:
2719:
2939:
2904:
2809:
2784:
2376:
2924:
2874:
2854:
2829:
2819:
2804:
2794:
2779:
2759:
2734:
2724:
2714:
714:
A regional guidebook for applying the hydrogeomorphic approach to assessing wetland functions of rainwater basin depressional wetlands in
Nebraska (No. ERDC/EL-TR-04-4)
2944:
2919:
2824:
2764:
2744:
2739:
2709:
2699:
2879:
2834:
2774:
2749:
2704:
2909:
2789:
2754:
2956:
2914:
2869:
2769:
43:
2665:
2688:
68:
3037:
3022:
3017:
1894:
341:. All of the federally managed land was acquired from willing landowners and purchased with the proceeds of duck stamps that are sold to hunters each year.
3042:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3027:
540:
landforms that have migrated upward in elevation as successive layers of glacial-age loess have accumulated and intercalated soils sporadically formed.
3007:
800:
Conservation and Survey
Division (Nebraska Geological Survey), School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. scale 1:24,000, supplement.
778:
Conservation and Survey
Division (Nebraska Geological Survey), School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. scale 1:24,000, supplement.
760:
Conservation and Survey Division (Nebraska Geological Survey), School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. scale 1:24,000, supplement.
119:
3062:
3032:
3012:
828:
Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry.
2431:
825:
Muhs, D.R., E.A. Bettis III, J.N. Aleinikoff, J.P. McGeehin, J. Beann, G. Skipp, B.D. Marshall, H.M. Roberts, W.C. Johnson, and R. Benton. (2008)
668:
457:
Since European settlement of this region, about 90% of these wetlands have disappeared. Many have been drained so that the land could be used for
3102:
3087:
3082:
2245:
3107:
3002:
2018:
1066:
333:
and is closed to public use. The other tract is the Platte River National Wildlife Management Area and this property is owned by the state of
3122:
3117:
3112:
3092:
2606:
474:
Combination of shaded relief and natural color orthophoto map illustrating Rainwater Basins found around Clay Center, Clay County, Nebraska.
3132:
3072:
1051:
297:
Prior to its agricultural development in historic times, the Rainwater Basin wetland region was characterized by numerous playa wetlands,
3127:
3097:
3077:
1217:
880:
2321:
1887:
1184:
3137:
1098:
1041:
2119:
1965:
1915:
953:
478:
The large semi-elliptical to elliptical Rainwater Basins are the surface expression of older elliptical depressions developed in
170:
325:
consists of 61 tracts of land, 59 of which are Waterfowl Production Areas, totaling 22,864 acres (9,253 ha) managed by the
2381:
2142:
2023:
2013:
2003:
2028:
1952:
1207:
1071:
205:
2451:
2150:
1998:
1903:
1880:
536:
3, and the accumulation of the Gilman Canyon Formation. Thus, Rainwater basins and their associated ridges are relict, pre-
2491:
2421:
2391:
2265:
2250:
2109:
1932:
1212:
282:
and upland slopes possessing oak woodlands are associated with these streams. In the spring and fall months, millions of
2645:
2536:
2401:
2326:
2061:
2038:
1937:
1021:
980:
2371:
1924:
525:
446:
from the surrounding landscape to form seasonal lakes and wetlands in them. Some of these basins have been naturally
2546:
2446:
2235:
920:
454:
located on the southeast side of them. These distinctive ridges are about 15–50 feet (4.6–15.2 m) in relief.
2048:
2008:
1056:
505:
Bignell Loess in which the modern soil has developed. This loess sequence lies upon a paleosol developed in the
2311:
2155:
1942:
1202:
1093:
497:. The loess, which overlies these features, consists of an undisturbed sequence, from bottom to top, of Middle
326:
28:
309:, they annually vary in depth, expanse and seasonality due to changes in precipitation regimes and are called
3067:
2456:
2341:
1773:
1036:
2997:
2486:
2189:
2169:
1375:
1088:
1823:
1748:
1743:
1678:
1653:
1638:
1618:
1598:
1413:
1360:
1262:
1124:
2992:
2079:
1813:
1783:
1768:
1703:
1583:
1558:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1463:
1388:
1134:
2260:
2132:
2127:
2101:
2056:
1990:
1838:
1833:
1798:
1788:
1718:
1688:
1683:
1673:
1658:
1643:
1628:
1623:
1573:
1518:
1428:
1164:
1139:
905:
811:
Thermoluminescence and new 14C age estimates for late Quaternary loesses in southwestern Nebraska.
442:
destroyed by agricultural activities such as filling, land leveling, drainage, and sedimentation.
2657:
2209:
2089:
1818:
1808:
1803:
1778:
1758:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1713:
1698:
1613:
1608:
1588:
1563:
1553:
1543:
1498:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1458:
1438:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1169:
2199:
2084:
1828:
1793:
1763:
1693:
1663:
1633:
1593:
1568:
1523:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1493:
1453:
1448:
1423:
1408:
1383:
1340:
1300:
1061:
1031:
973:
1843:
1753:
1738:
1708:
1668:
1648:
1603:
1578:
1548:
1468:
1443:
1433:
1418:
1355:
1197:
1154:
1149:
644:
353:; 257 bird species have been observed in the region. Species in the Rainwater Basin include:
887:
489:
that are buried by a blanket of a 2.5–8 meters (8.2–26.2 ft) thick sequence of layered
1242:
1174:
1159:
1119:
1114:
1046:
537:
533:
529:
8:
2240:
2204:
1350:
1320:
1232:
1144:
1078:
1013:
742:
Genesis and morphology of soils in and around large depressions in Clay County, Nebraska.
691:
498:
412:
263:
744:
PhD. Dissertation., Department of Agronomy. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.
565:
Development of oriented lakes in the eastern rainbasin region of south-central Nebraska.
470:
278:
courses, of which largest is the Big Blue River and its tributaries, drain this region.
2521:
2275:
2255:
2184:
2071:
1315:
1305:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1227:
731:
Master’s thesis, Department of Geography and Geology. University of Nebraska-Omaha, NE.
417:
1335:
1325:
1310:
1290:
1129:
1083:
1003:
966:
421:
387:
338:
259:
107:
567:
Master’s thesis, Department of Geology. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.
266:. Currently, the Rainwater Basin wetland region is covered by farms, mainly growing
2214:
1960:
1330:
1295:
1222:
712:
392:
382:
865:
826:
582:
226:. Informally and locally, individual Nebraska Rainwater Basins are referred to as
180:
2416:
1862:
1345:
776:
Surficial Geology of the Kearney SW 7.5 Minute Quadrangle, Nebraska: Version 1.0.
774:
Dillon, J.S., Hanson, P.R., Larsen, , A.K., Raymond, C., and Howard, L.M., 2016.
598:(Map). Lincoln: Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
372:
279:
949:
613:
1365:
402:
287:
283:
216:
1872:
849:
798:
Surficial Geology of the Fairmont 7.5 Minute Quadrangle, Nebraska. Version 1.0
796:
Hanson, P.R., Young, A.R., Larsen, A.K., Howard, L.M. and Dillon, J.S., 2017.
2986:
2601:
2194:
1252:
1192:
1026:
397:
330:
306:
291:
134:
121:
615:
An overview of shorebird migration in the Eastern Rainwater Basin, Nebraska.
2627:
1980:
1975:
1970:
362:
350:
197:
2461:
2386:
2270:
2219:
458:
989:
650:(Report). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 30 September 2015. p. 16
407:
357:
302:
711:
Stutheit, R.G., Gilbert, M.C., Whited, P.W. and Lawrence, K.L., 2004.
1247:
881:"Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District Annual Narrative Report"
758:
Surficial Geology of the Edgar NW 7.5 Minute Quadrangle: Version 1.0.
212:
958:
693:
Inherited morphologies of two large basins in Clay County, Nebraska.
1907:
993:
502:
494:
367:
201:
96:
2687:
756:
Young, A.R., Hanson, P.R., Larsen, A.K., and Howard, L.M., 2018.
506:
479:
377:
334:
271:
219:
209:
840:
Johnson, W.C., Hanson, P.R., Halfen, A.F. and Koop, A.N., 2020.
729:
Analysis of the rainbasin depressions of Clay County, Nebraska.
513:
486:
275:
316:
831:
Geological Society of America Bulletin. 120(11/12):1378–1407.
490:
267:
193:
305:. Because the primary source of water for these wetlands is
509:
482:
349:
The Rainwater Basin wetland region is a prime location for
632:
Guide to Nebraska’s wetlands and their conservation needs
935:
16:
Complex of wetlands across a 21-county area of Nebraska
886:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Archived from
707:
705:
585:. Lincoln: Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. 121 pp.
645:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Annual Report of Lands
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
770:
768:
766:
465:
906:"Spring Migration Guide Nebraska's Rainwater Basin"
752:
750:
702:
834:
781:
763:
2984:
747:
608:
606:
604:
577:
575:
573:
1902:
819:
803:
619:Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union Occasional Paper
344:
2689:National Wildlife Refuges of the United States
718:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.
634:. Lincoln: Nebraska Game and Parks Commission.
559:
557:
555:
553:
2673:
1888:
974:
866:"Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District"
848:(pp. 121–179). Springer Nature, Switzerland.
686:
684:
682:
680:
601:
588:
570:
262:in the east once gradually transitioned into
3038:Protected areas of Hamilton County, Nebraska
3023:Protected areas of Franklin County, Nebraska
3018:Protected areas of Fillmore County, Nebraska
734:
624:
192:is a 4,200 sq mi (11,000 km)
3043:Protected areas of Kearney County, Nebraska
850:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40498-7_4
721:
674:Lincoln: Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
662:
550:
323:Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District
317:Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District
181:Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District
22:Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District
3058:Protected areas of Seward County, Nebraska
3053:Protected areas of Saline County, Nebraska
3048:Protected areas of Phelps County, Nebraska
3028:Protected areas of Gosper County, Nebraska
2680:
2666:
1895:
1881:
981:
967:
677:
3008:Protected areas of Adams County, Nebraska
3063:Protected areas of York County, Nebraska
3033:Protected areas of Hall County, Nebraska
3013:Protected areas of Clay County, Nebraska
594:Kaul, R.B., and Rolfsmeier, S.B., 1983.
526:optically stimulated luminescence dating
469:
432:The subtle depressions known locally as
954:Nebraska Educational Telecommunications
75:
50:
3103:Landforms of Hamilton County, Nebraska
3088:Landforms of Franklin County, Nebraska
3083:Landforms of Fillmore County, Nebraska
2985:
583:Birds of the Rainwater Basin, Nebraska
3108:Landforms of Kearney County, Nebraska
3003:National Wildlife Refuges in Nebraska
2661:
1876:
1208:Kearney Micropolitan Statistical Area
988:
962:
3123:Landforms of Seward County, Nebraska
3118:Landforms of Saline County, Nebraska
3113:Landforms of Phelps County, Nebraska
3093:Landforms of Gosper County, Nebraska
908:. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
842:The Central and Southern Great Plain
809:Maat, P.B. and Johnson, W.C., 1996.
31:IV (habitat/species management area)
3133:Protected areas established in 1963
3073:Landforms of Adams County, Nebraska
427:
13:
3128:Landforms of York County, Nebraska
3098:Landforms of Hall County, Nebraska
3078:Landforms of Clay County, Nebraska
2646:Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
14:
3149:
858:
466:Geomorphology of Rainwater Basins
1856:
868:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
517:landscape with numerous basins.
74:
67:
49:
42:
3138:1963 establishments in Nebraska
938:. Rainwater Basin Joint Venture
215:interspersed with thousands of
2102:USFS National Recreation Areas
1203:Grand Island metropolitan area
637:
327:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
190:Rainwater Basin wetland region
171:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1:
846:Inland Dunes of North America
596:Native vegetation of Nebraska
543:
83:Show map of the United States
950:Last of the Rainwater Basins
345:Birds of the Rainwater Basin
208:, this plain was covered by
154:22,864 acres (92.53 km)
7:
2967:U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
1052:Speakers of the Legislature
196:plain located south of the
10:
3154:
2695:
2640:
2620:
2284:
2228:
2177:
2168:
2141:
2118:
2100:
2070:
2047:
1991:National Wildlife Refuges
1989:
1951:
1923:
1914:
1852:
1374:
1261:
1213:Lincoln metropolitan area
1183:
1107:
1012:
1000:
274:. Several, interspersed,
176:
166:
158:
150:
113:
103:
92:
36:
26:
21:
1953:National Historic Trails
952:Documentary produced by
923:. The Nature Conservancy
2621:State Recreation Trails
2090:Toadstool Geologic Park
1218:Omaha metropolitan area
1072:Congressional districts
612:Jorgensen, J.G., 2004.
581:Jorgensen, J.G., 2012.
2285:State Recreation Areas
2229:State Historical Parks
2143:Wild and Scenic Rivers
2085:Hudson-Meng Bison Kill
1067:Supreme Court justices
816:, 17(1-3), pp.115-128.
475:
2019:John and Louise Seier
1198:Dissected Till Plains
936:"The Rainwater Basin"
697:Great Plains Research
670:Rainwater Basin Facts
563:Krueger, J.P., 1986.
473:
135:40.70833°N 99.08111°W
3068:Wetlands of Nebraska
2557:Sutherland Reservoir
2507:Red Willow Reservoir
740:Kuzila, M.S., 1988.
690:Kuzila, M.S., 1994.
630:LaGrange, T., 1997.
538:Last Glacial Maximum
534:Marine Isotope Stage
58:Show map of Nebraska
2998:Regions of Nebraska
2972:U.S. Virgin Islands
2322:Box Butte Reservoir
2241:Ashfall Fossil Beds
2120:National Wilderness
2072:National Grasslands
1863:Nebraska portal
1099:Tourist attractions
727:Starks, P.J. 1984.
413:White-fronted goose
264:mixed grass prairie
206:European settlement
167:Governing body
140:40.70833; -99.08111
131: /
2522:Rock Creek Station
2276:Rock Creek Station
2256:Buffalo Bill Ranch
2062:Samuel R. McKelvie
1925:National Monuments
530:Middle Wisconsinan
476:
280:Riparian woodlands
2980:
2979:
2655:
2654:
2636:
2635:
2562:Swanson Reservoir
2542:Sherman Reservoir
2462:Merritt Reservoir
2190:Eugene T. Mahoney
2164:
2163:
1933:Agate Fossil Beds
1870:
1869:
921:"Rainwater Basin"
422:lesser yellowlegs
388:Northern shoveler
339:Kearney, Nebraska
260:tallgrass prairie
258:. To the west, a
200:in south-central
186:
185:
108:Kearney, Nebraska
104:Nearest city
3145:
2993:IUCN Category IV
2682:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2582:Victoria Springs
2512:Riverview Marina
2482:Oliver Reservoir
2397:Gallagher Canyon
2382:Enders Reservoir
2175:
2174:
2049:National Forests
1921:
1920:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1361:South Sioux City
983:
976:
969:
960:
959:
946:
944:
943:
931:
929:
928:
916:
914:
913:
901:
899:
898:
892:
885:
876:
874:
873:
852:
838:
832:
823:
817:
807:
801:
794:
779:
772:
761:
754:
745:
738:
732:
725:
719:
709:
700:
688:
675:
666:
660:
659:
657:
655:
649:
641:
635:
628:
622:
610:
599:
592:
586:
579:
568:
561:
434:Rainwater Basins
428:Rainwater Basins
393:Peregrine falcon
383:Northern pintail
311:Rainwater Basins
299:Rainwater Basins
224:Rainwater Basins
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
84:
78:
77:
71:
59:
53:
52:
46:
19:
18:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3142:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2691:
2686:
2656:
2651:
2632:
2616:
2517:Rock Creek Lake
2432:Lewis and Clark
2417:Lake McConaughy
2362:Cottonmill Lake
2280:
2224:
2160:
2137:
2114:
2096:
2066:
2043:
2034:Rainwater Basin
1985:
1966:Lewis and Clark
1947:
1910:
1904:Protected areas
1901:
1871:
1866:
1857:
1855:
1848:
1370:
1257:
1238:Rainwater Basin
1179:
1103:
1008:
996:
987:
941:
939:
934:
926:
924:
919:
911:
909:
904:
896:
894:
890:
883:
879:
871:
869:
864:
861:
856:
855:
839:
835:
824:
820:
808:
804:
795:
782:
773:
764:
755:
748:
739:
735:
726:
722:
710:
703:
689:
678:
667:
663:
653:
651:
647:
643:
642:
638:
629:
625:
611:
602:
593:
589:
580:
571:
562:
551:
546:
493:and associated
468:
430:
373:Least sandpiper
347:
319:
284:migratory birds
217:ephemeral playa
139:
137:
133:
130:
125:
122:
120:
118:
117:
88:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
62:
61:
60:
57:
56:
55:
54:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3151:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2952:American Samoa
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2895:South Carolina
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2860:North Carolina
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:Medicine Creek
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2076:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1263:Largest cities
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1125:Climate change
1122:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1057:State senators
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1001:
998:
997:
986:
985:
978:
971:
963:
957:
956:
947:
932:
917:
902:
877:
860:
859:External links
857:
854:
853:
833:
818:
802:
780:
762:
746:
733:
720:
701:
676:
661:
636:
623:
600:
587:
569:
548:
547:
545:
542:
467:
464:
429:
426:
425:
424:
415:
410:
405:
403:Sandhill crane
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
346:
343:
318:
315:
288:Central Flyway
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
94:
90:
89:
73:
72:
66:
65:
64:
63:
48:
47:
41:
40:
39:
38:
37:
34:
33:
27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3150:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:West Virginia
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:New Hampshire
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:Massachusetts
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:Wildcat Hills
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Union Pacific
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:Sandy Channel
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Pelican Point
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:Mormon Island
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Lake Ogallala
2425:
2423:
2422:Lake Minatare
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Fremont Lakes
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:Champion Lake
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:Atkinson Lake
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:Fort Hartsuff
2264:
2262:
2261:Fort Atkinson
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Bowring Ranch
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Fort Robinson
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2133:Soldier Creek
2131:
2129:
2128:Fort Niobrara
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Karl E. Mundt
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Fort Niobrara
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:Crescent Lake
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1253:Wildcat Hills
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1193:Bohemian Alps
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:Supreme Court
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:Lt. governors
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1005:
999:
995:
991:
984:
979:
977:
972:
970:
965:
964:
961:
955:
951:
948:
937:
933:
922:
918:
907:
903:
893:on 2006-07-24
889:
882:
878:
867:
863:
862:
851:
847:
843:
837:
830:
829:
822:
815:
814:Geomorphology
812:
806:
799:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
777:
771:
769:
767:
759:
753:
751:
743:
737:
730:
724:
717:
715:
708:
706:
698:
695:
694:
687:
685:
683:
681:
673:
671:
665:
646:
640:
633:
627:
621:No. 8. 53 pp.
620:
617:
616:
609:
607:
605:
597:
591:
584:
578:
576:
574:
566:
560:
558:
556:
554:
549:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
518:
515:
511:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:
472:
463:
460:
455:
453:
449:
443:
440:
435:
423:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
398:Piping plover
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
354:
352:
342:
340:
336:
332:
331:U.S. Military
328:
324:
314:
312:
308:
307:precipitation
304:
300:
295:
293:
292:North America
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:lakes marshes
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
98:
95:
91:
70:
45:
35:
30:
29:IUCN category
25:
20:
2900:South Dakota
2890:Rhode Island
2885:Pennsylvania
2865:North Dakota
2644:
2628:Cowboy Trail
2607:Willow Creek
2592:Walgren Lake
2537:Schramm Park
2412:Lake Maloney
2402:Johnson Lake
2367:Crystal Lake
2327:Branched Oak
2210:Platte River
2033:
2029:North Platte
1981:Pony Express
1943:Scotts Bluff
1854:
1774:Scotts Bluff
1341:North Platte
1301:Grand Island
1237:
1165:Homelessness
1140:Demographics
1002:
940:. Retrieved
925:. Retrieved
910:. Retrieved
895:. Retrieved
888:the original
870:. Retrieved
845:
841:
836:
827:
821:
813:
810:
805:
797:
775:
757:
741:
736:
728:
723:
713:
696:
692:
669:
664:
654:November 10,
652:. Retrieved
639:
631:
626:
618:
614:
595:
590:
564:
523:
519:
477:
459:agricultural
456:
451:
447:
444:
438:
433:
431:
363:Canada goose
351:birdwatching
348:
322:
320:
310:
298:
296:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
198:Platte River
189:
187:
2962:Puerto Rico
2815:Mississippi
2730:Connecticut
2587:Wagon Train
2552:Summit Lake
2477:Olive Creek
2407:Keller Park
2387:Fort Kearny
2372:Dead Timber
2317:Bowman Lake
2271:Fort Kearny
2246:Arbor Lodge
2220:Smith Falls
2200:Indian Cave
2178:State Parks
1999:Boyer Chute
1356:Scottsbluff
1170:LGBT rights
1047:Legislature
699:, pp.51-63.
499:Wisconsinan
252:hay marshes
159:Established
138: /
114:Coordinates
2987:Categories
2930:Washington
2850:New Mexico
2845:New Jersey
2720:California
2567:Two Rivers
2547:Stagecoach
2497:Pibel Lake
2472:North Loup
2447:Louisville
2337:Brownville
2332:Bridgeport
2307:Blue River
2292:Alexandria
2236:Ash Hollow
2110:Pine Ridge
1961:California
1824:Washington
1749:Richardson
1744:Red Willow
1233:Pine Ridge
1032:Government
942:2006-08-16
927:2006-08-16
912:2006-08-16
897:2006-08-16
872:2016-06-15
544:References
408:Snow goose
358:Bald eagle
303:irrigation
228:rainbasins
213:grasslands
126:99°04′52″W
123:40°42′30″N
2940:Wisconsin
2905:Tennessee
2810:Minnesota
2785:Louisiana
2442:Long Pine
2437:Long Lake
2357:Conestoga
2039:Valentine
1938:Homestead
1679:McPherson
1654:Lancaster
1639:Keya Paha
1619:Jefferson
1599:Hitchcock
1414:Box Butte
1351:Papillion
1321:Lexington
1248:Siouxland
1243:Sandhills
1228:Panhandle
1155:Elections
1150:Education
1037:Governors
1027:Geography
1007:(capital)
495:paleosols
222:, called
2925:Virginia
2875:Oklahoma
2855:New York
2830:Nebraska
2820:Missouri
2805:Michigan
2795:Maryland
2780:Kentucky
2760:Illinois
2735:Delaware
2725:Colorado
2715:Arkansas
2612:Windmill
2527:Rockford
2352:Cheyenne
2312:Bluestem
2205:Niobrara
2156:Niobrara
2151:Missouri
2057:Nebraska
1908:Nebraska
1814:Thurston
1784:Sheridan
1769:Saunders
1704:Nuckolls
1584:Hamilton
1559:Garfield
1539:Frontier
1534:Franklin
1529:Fillmore
1464:Cheyenne
1389:Antelope
1376:Counties
1316:La Vista
1306:Hastings
1286:Columbus
1281:Bellevue
1276:Beatrice
1271:Alliance
1175:Politics
1160:Gun laws
1120:Cannabis
1115:Abortion
994:Nebraska
503:Holocene
448:breached
368:Killdeer
272:soybeans
220:wetlands
202:Nebraska
97:Nebraska
93:Location
2945:Wyoming
2920:Vermont
2825:Montana
2765:Indiana
2745:Georgia
2740:Florida
2710:Arizona
2700:Alabama
2597:War Axe
2502:Pioneer
2457:Memphis
2342:Calamus
2185:Chadron
1916:Federal
1839:Wheeler
1834:Webster
1799:Stanton
1789:Sherman
1719:Perkins
1689:Morrill
1684:Merrick
1674:Madison
1659:Lincoln
1644:Kimball
1629:Kearney
1624:Johnson
1574:Greeley
1519:Douglas
1429:Buffalo
1336:Norfolk
1326:Lincoln
1311:Kearney
1291:Fremont
1223:Outback
1185:Regions
1145:Economy
1135:Culture
1108:Society
1094:Symbols
1079:History
1004:Lincoln
514:gravels
507:fluvial
491:loesses
487:gravels
480:fluvial
452:lunette
439:pothole
418:Greater
378:Mallard
335:Wyoming
248:marshes
236:lagoons
210:prairie
177:Website
2880:Oregon
2835:Nevada
2775:Kansas
2750:Hawaii
2705:Alaska
2577:Verdon
2487:Pawnee
2297:Arnold
2080:Oglala
2009:DeSoto
1976:Oregon
1971:Mormon
1819:Valley
1809:Thomas
1804:Thayer
1779:Seward
1759:Saline
1734:Platte
1729:Pierce
1724:Phelps
1714:Pawnee
1699:Nemaha
1614:Howard
1609:Hooker
1589:Harlan
1564:Gosper
1554:Garden
1544:Furnas
1499:Dawson
1489:Dakota
1484:Custer
1479:Cuming
1474:Colfax
1459:Cherry
1439:Butler
1404:Blaine
1399:Banner
1394:Arthur
1331:McCook
1296:Gering
1089:People
1014:Topics
276:stream
254:, and
232:basins
99:, USA]
2910:Texas
2790:Maine
2755:Idaho
2215:Ponca
2170:State
1829:Wayne
1794:Sioux
1764:Sarpy
1694:Nance
1664:Logan
1634:Keith
1594:Hayes
1569:Grant
1524:Dundy
1514:Dodge
1509:Dixon
1504:Deuel
1494:Dawes
1454:Chase
1449:Cedar
1424:Brown
1409:Boone
1384:Adams
1346:Omaha
1130:Crime
1084:Music
1022:Index
990:State
891:(pdf)
884:(PDF)
844:. In
648:(PDF)
510:sands
483:sands
244:ponds
240:lakes
194:loess
2957:Guam
2915:Utah
2870:Ohio
2770:Iowa
1844:York
1754:Rock
1739:Polk
1709:Otoe
1669:Loup
1649:Knox
1604:Holt
1579:Hall
1549:Gage
1469:Clay
1444:Cass
1434:Burt
1419:Boyd
1366:York
656:2020
512:and
485:and
420:and
321:The
270:and
268:corn
188:The
162:1963
151:Area
2377:DLD
1906:of
992:of
290:of
2989::
783:^
765:^
749:^
704:^
679:^
603:^
572:^
552:^
532:,
313:.
294:.
250:,
246:,
242:,
238:,
234:,
230:,
2681:e
2674:t
2667:v
1896:e
1889:t
1882:v
982:e
975:t
968:v
945:.
930:.
915:.
900:.
875:.
716:.
672:.
658:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.