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Rainwater Basin

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44: 69: 471: 528:, or both. The oldest loess overlying original Rainwater basins have yielded ages from about 28,000 to 36,000 BP radiocarbon years and optically stimulated luminescence up to 36,000 BP calendar years. The fluvial sands of a pleistocene Platte River, which overlain by the Gilman Canyon formation and younger loesses, yielded optically stimulated luminescence dates from about 36,000 to 50,000 BP calendar years. These dates demonstrate that the Rainwater basins were formed prior to the 76: 51: 521:
covering the adjacent uplands and depressions. Where they have been cored, the ridges underlying the loess consist of well-sorted sand on the order of 3–5 meters (9.8–16.4 ft) thick. Also buried by loess beneath the surface of the Rainwater Basin wetland region are the relict channel belt of the Pleistocene Platte River and relict fields of sand dunes. The original Rainwater Basins are associated with both of these buried Pleistocene landscapes.
1858: 301:, numbering in the thousands. The shallow depressions, in which these wetlands occur are lined with a nearly impervious layer of clayey soil, a claypan, that prohibits surface water from penetrating the subsoil. As a result, Rainwater Basins are not naturally influenced by the water table and the sole source of water is run-off in the form of rain, snow and, currently, drainage from crop 445:
Starks first recognized that the larger of these basins are approximately elliptical to elongate in shape. The larger and semi-elliptical of these basins typically measure about 0.4–0.9 miles (0.64–1.45 km) by 0.9–1.5 miles (1.4–2.4 km). Most basins are closed depressions that hold runoff
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in which these depressions initially developed. Thus, the modern basin landscape is a direct result of the accumulation a few meters of loess that blankets an older basin landscape. These basins are palimpsest landforms created by the episodic accumulation of a blanket of loess over a prehistoric
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depressions, which are irregular in shape and do not exhibit any orientation, range from about 0.1–30-hectare (0.25–74.13-acre) in size. Their bottoms generally lie less than 3 feet (0.91 m) below the surrounding land surface at their lowest point. Most of these smaller depressions have been
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Like their associated Rainwater Basins, the crescent-shaped ridges (lunettes) are also blanketed by loess. Although a complete sequence of Peoria loess overlying Gilman Canyon Formation and associated paleosols cover the ridges, the overall thickness of loess is slightly thinner than the loess
204:. It lies principally in Adams, Butler, Clay, Fillmore, Hamilton, Kearney, Phelps, Polk, Saline, Seward, and York counties and extends into adjacent areas of southeastern Hall, northern Franklin, northern Nuckolls, western Saline, northern Thayer and northwestern Webster counties. Before 436:
lie scattered across the loess plain of south-central Nebraska. The majority of them lie to the south of the Platte River. Prior to European settlement, there were nearly 4,000 of these wetlands totaling up 40,500-hectare (100,000-acre). The smaller,
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purposes. Many of the remaining sites have been set aside by government agencies and non-profit organizations; today, there are 84 publicly owned Rainwater Basin sites, totaling 11,600-hectare (29,000-acre) of protected wildlife habitat.
329:. Established in 1963, the district is a complex of wetlands scattered across a 21-county area of Nebraska. One of the remaining two areas is McMurtrey Wildlife Management Area that was transferred from the 2556: 2506: 450:, or drain to an outside watershed, and no longer hold precipitation run-off. Many of the large semi-elliptical to elliptical Rainwater Basins have a crescent-shaped ridge that Stark referred to as a 2561: 2541: 286:
pass through the region to feed and rest. Along with riparian habitats associated Platte River, Big Blue River, its tributaries, and smaller streams, Rainwater Basins are a major component of the
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and managed through a memorandum of understanding. WPAs are small isolated tracts of land scattered throughout the District. The Wetland Management District is managed from offices in
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Gilman Canyon Formation (loess), a regional paleosol developed in Gilman Canyon Formation, Late Wisconsinan Peoria Loess, Brady Soil (paleosol) developed in the Peoria Loess, and
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The age of the loesses and associated paleosols that buried the original Rainwater basins and the fluvial sand in which they formed have been dated by either radiocarbon dating,
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A regional guidebook for applying the hydrogeomorphic approach to assessing wetland functions of rainwater basin depressional wetlands in Nebraska (No. ERDC/EL-TR-04-4)
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landforms that have migrated upward in elevation as successive layers of glacial-age loess have accumulated and intercalated soils sporadically formed.
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Conservation and Survey Division (Nebraska Geological Survey), School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. scale 1:24,000, supplement.
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Conservation and Survey Division (Nebraska Geological Survey), School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. scale 1:24,000, supplement.
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Conservation and Survey Division (Nebraska Geological Survey), School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. scale 1:24,000, supplement.
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Origin and paleoclimatic significance of late Quaternary loess in Nebraska: Evidence from stratigraphy, chronology, sedimentology, and geochemistry.
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Muhs, D.R., E.A. Bettis III, J.N. Aleinikoff, J.P. McGeehin, J. Beann, G. Skipp, B.D. Marshall, H.M. Roberts, W.C. Johnson, and R. Benton. (2008)
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Since European settlement of this region, about 90% of these wetlands have disappeared. Many have been drained so that the land could be used for
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and is closed to public use. The other tract is the Platte River National Wildlife Management Area and this property is owned by the state of
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Combination of shaded relief and natural color orthophoto map illustrating Rainwater Basins found around Clay Center, Clay County, Nebraska.
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Prior to its agricultural development in historic times, the Rainwater Basin wetland region was characterized by numerous playa wetlands,
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The large semi-elliptical to elliptical Rainwater Basins are the surface expression of older elliptical depressions developed in
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consists of 61 tracts of land, 59 of which are Waterfowl Production Areas, totaling 22,864 acres (9,253 ha) managed by the
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3, and the accumulation of the Gilman Canyon Formation. Thus, Rainwater basins and their associated ridges are relict, pre-
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and upland slopes possessing oak woodlands are associated with these streams. In the spring and fall months, millions of
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from the surrounding landscape to form seasonal lakes and wetlands in them. Some of these basins have been naturally
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located on the southeast side of them. These distinctive ridges are about 15–50 feet (4.6–15.2 m) in relief.
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Bignell Loess in which the modern soil has developed. This loess sequence lies upon a paleosol developed in the
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Thermoluminescence and new 14C age estimates for late Quaternary loesses in southwestern Nebraska.
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destroyed by agricultural activities such as filling, land leveling, drainage, and sedimentation.
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that are buried by a blanket of a 2.5–8 meters (8.2–26.2 ft) thick sequence of layered
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Genesis and morphology of soils in and around large depressions in Clay County, Nebraska.
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PhD. Dissertation., Department of Agronomy. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.
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Development of oriented lakes in the eastern rainbasin region of south-central Nebraska.
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courses, of which largest is the Big Blue River and its tributaries, drain this region.
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Master’s thesis, Department of Geography and Geology. University of Nebraska-Omaha, NE.
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Master’s thesis, Department of Geology. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.
266:. Currently, the Rainwater Basin wetland region is covered by farms, mainly growing 2214: 1960: 1330: 1295: 1222: 712: 392: 382: 865: 826: 582: 226:. Informally and locally, individual Nebraska Rainwater Basins are referred to as 180: 2416: 1862: 1345: 776:
Surficial Geology of the Kearney SW 7.5 Minute Quadrangle, Nebraska: Version 1.0.
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Dillon, J.S., Hanson, P.R., Larsen, , A.K., Raymond, C., and Howard, L.M., 2016.
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Surficial Geology of the Fairmont 7.5 Minute Quadrangle, Nebraska. Version 1.0
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Hanson, P.R., Young, A.R., Larsen, A.K., Howard, L.M. and Dillon, J.S., 2017.
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An overview of shorebird migration in the Eastern Rainwater Basin, Nebraska.
2627: 1980: 1975: 1970: 362: 350: 197: 2461: 2386: 2270: 2219: 458: 989: 650:(Report). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 30 September 2015. p. 16 407: 357: 302: 711:
Stutheit, R.G., Gilbert, M.C., Whited, P.W. and Lawrence, K.L., 2004.
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Surficial Geology of the Edgar NW 7.5 Minute Quadrangle: Version 1.0.
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Inherited morphologies of two large basins in Clay County, Nebraska.
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Young, A.R., Hanson, P.R., Larsen, A.K., and Howard, L.M., 2018.
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Johnson, W.C., Hanson, P.R., Halfen, A.F. and Koop, A.N., 2020.
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Analysis of the rainbasin depressions of Clay County, Nebraska.
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Geological Society of America Bulletin. 120(11/12):1378–1407.
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The Rainwater Basin wetland region is a prime location for
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Guide to Nebraska’s wetlands and their conservation needs
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Complex of wetlands across a 21-county area of Nebraska
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Annual Report of Lands
792: 790: 788: 786: 784: 770: 768: 766: 465: 906:"Spring Migration Guide Nebraska's Rainwater Basin" 752: 750: 702: 834: 781: 763: 2984: 747: 608: 606: 604: 577: 575: 573: 1902: 819: 803: 619:Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union Occasional Paper 344: 2689:National Wildlife Refuges of the United States 718:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C. 634:. Lincoln: Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. 559: 557: 555: 553: 2673: 1888: 974: 866:"Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District" 848:(pp. 121–179). Springer Nature, Switzerland. 686: 684: 682: 680: 601: 588: 570: 262:in the east once gradually transitioned into 3038:Protected areas of Hamilton County, Nebraska 3023:Protected areas of Franklin County, Nebraska 3018:Protected areas of Fillmore County, Nebraska 734: 624: 192:is a 4,200 sq mi (11,000 km) 3043:Protected areas of Kearney County, Nebraska 850:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40498-7_4 721: 674:Lincoln: Nebraska Game and Parks Commission 662: 550: 323:Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District 317:Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District 181:Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District 22:Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District 3058:Protected areas of Seward County, Nebraska 3053:Protected areas of Saline County, Nebraska 3048:Protected areas of Phelps County, Nebraska 3028:Protected areas of Gosper County, Nebraska 2680: 2666: 1895: 1881: 981: 967: 677: 3008:Protected areas of Adams County, Nebraska 3063:Protected areas of York County, Nebraska 3033:Protected areas of Hall County, Nebraska 3013:Protected areas of Clay County, Nebraska 594:Kaul, R.B., and Rolfsmeier, S.B., 1983. 526:optically stimulated luminescence dating 469: 432:The subtle depressions known locally as 954:Nebraska Educational Telecommunications 75: 50: 3103:Landforms of Hamilton County, Nebraska 3088:Landforms of Franklin County, Nebraska 3083:Landforms of Fillmore County, Nebraska 2985: 583:Birds of the Rainwater Basin, Nebraska 3108:Landforms of Kearney County, Nebraska 3003:National Wildlife Refuges in Nebraska 2661: 1876: 1208:Kearney Micropolitan Statistical Area 988: 962: 3123:Landforms of Seward County, Nebraska 3118:Landforms of Saline County, Nebraska 3113:Landforms of Phelps County, Nebraska 3093:Landforms of Gosper County, Nebraska 908:. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission 842:The Central and Southern Great Plain 809:Maat, P.B. and Johnson, W.C., 1996. 31:IV (habitat/species management area) 3133:Protected areas established in 1963 3073:Landforms of Adams County, Nebraska 427: 13: 3128:Landforms of York County, Nebraska 3098:Landforms of Hall County, Nebraska 3078:Landforms of Clay County, Nebraska 2646:Nebraska Game and Parks Commission 14: 3149: 858: 466:Geomorphology of Rainwater Basins 1856: 868:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 517:landscape with numerous basins. 74: 67: 49: 42: 3138:1963 establishments in Nebraska 938:. Rainwater Basin Joint Venture 215:interspersed with thousands of 2102:USFS National Recreation Areas 1203:Grand Island metropolitan area 637: 327:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 190:Rainwater Basin wetland region 171:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1: 846:Inland Dunes of North America 596:Native vegetation of Nebraska 543: 83:Show map of the United States 950:Last of the Rainwater Basins 345:Birds of the Rainwater Basin 208:, this plain was covered by 154:22,864 acres (92.53 km) 7: 2967:U.S. Minor Outlying Islands 1052:Speakers of the Legislature 196:plain located south of the 10: 3154: 2695: 2640: 2620: 2284: 2228: 2177: 2168: 2141: 2118: 2100: 2070: 2047: 1991:National Wildlife Refuges 1989: 1951: 1923: 1914: 1852: 1374: 1261: 1213:Lincoln metropolitan area 1183: 1107: 1012: 1000: 274:. Several, interspersed, 176: 166: 158: 150: 113: 103: 92: 36: 26: 21: 1953:National Historic Trails 952:Documentary produced by 923:. The Nature Conservancy 2621:State Recreation Trails 2090:Toadstool Geologic Park 1218:Omaha metropolitan area 1072:Congressional districts 612:Jorgensen, J.G., 2004. 581:Jorgensen, J.G., 2012. 2285:State Recreation Areas 2229:State Historical Parks 2143:Wild and Scenic Rivers 2085:Hudson-Meng Bison Kill 1067:Supreme Court justices 816:, 17(1-3), pp.115-128. 475: 2019:John and Louise Seier 1198:Dissected Till Plains 936:"The Rainwater Basin" 697:Great Plains Research 670:Rainwater Basin Facts 563:Krueger, J.P., 1986. 473: 135:40.70833°N 99.08111°W 3068:Wetlands of Nebraska 2557:Sutherland Reservoir 2507:Red Willow Reservoir 740:Kuzila, M.S., 1988. 690:Kuzila, M.S., 1994. 630:LaGrange, T., 1997. 538:Last Glacial Maximum 534:Marine Isotope Stage 58:Show map of Nebraska 2998:Regions of Nebraska 2972:U.S. Virgin Islands 2322:Box Butte Reservoir 2241:Ashfall Fossil Beds 2120:National Wilderness 2072:National Grasslands 1863:Nebraska portal 1099:Tourist attractions 727:Starks, P.J. 1984. 413:White-fronted goose 264:mixed grass prairie 206:European settlement 167:Governing body 140:40.70833; -99.08111 131: /  2522:Rock Creek Station 2276:Rock Creek Station 2256:Buffalo Bill Ranch 2062:Samuel R. McKelvie 1925:National Monuments 530:Middle Wisconsinan 476: 280:Riparian woodlands 2980: 2979: 2655: 2654: 2636: 2635: 2562:Swanson Reservoir 2542:Sherman Reservoir 2462:Merritt Reservoir 2190:Eugene T. Mahoney 2164: 2163: 1933:Agate Fossil Beds 1870: 1869: 921:"Rainwater Basin" 422:lesser yellowlegs 388:Northern shoveler 339:Kearney, Nebraska 260:tallgrass prairie 258:. To the west, a 200:in south-central 186: 185: 108:Kearney, Nebraska 104:Nearest city 3145: 2993:IUCN Category IV 2682: 2675: 2668: 2659: 2658: 2582:Victoria Springs 2512:Riverview Marina 2482:Oliver Reservoir 2397:Gallagher Canyon 2382:Enders Reservoir 2175: 2174: 2049:National Forests 1921: 1920: 1897: 1890: 1883: 1874: 1873: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1361:South Sioux City 983: 976: 969: 960: 959: 946: 944: 943: 931: 929: 928: 916: 914: 913: 901: 899: 898: 892: 885: 876: 874: 873: 852: 838: 832: 823: 817: 807: 801: 794: 779: 772: 761: 754: 745: 738: 732: 725: 719: 709: 700: 688: 675: 666: 660: 659: 657: 655: 649: 641: 635: 628: 622: 610: 599: 592: 586: 579: 568: 561: 434:Rainwater Basins 428:Rainwater Basins 393:Peregrine falcon 383:Northern pintail 311:Rainwater Basins 299:Rainwater Basins 224:Rainwater Basins 146: 145: 143: 142: 141: 136: 132: 129: 128: 127: 124: 84: 78: 77: 71: 59: 53: 52: 46: 19: 18: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3142: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2691: 2686: 2656: 2651: 2632: 2616: 2517:Rock Creek Lake 2432:Lewis and Clark 2417:Lake McConaughy 2362:Cottonmill Lake 2280: 2224: 2160: 2137: 2114: 2096: 2066: 2043: 2034:Rainwater Basin 1985: 1966:Lewis and Clark 1947: 1910: 1904:Protected areas 1901: 1871: 1866: 1857: 1855: 1848: 1370: 1257: 1238:Rainwater Basin 1179: 1103: 1008: 996: 987: 941: 939: 934: 926: 924: 919: 911: 909: 904: 896: 894: 890: 883: 879: 871: 869: 864: 861: 856: 855: 839: 835: 824: 820: 808: 804: 795: 782: 773: 764: 755: 748: 739: 735: 726: 722: 710: 703: 689: 678: 667: 663: 653: 651: 647: 643: 642: 638: 629: 625: 611: 602: 593: 589: 580: 571: 562: 551: 546: 493:and associated 468: 430: 373:Least sandpiper 347: 319: 284:migratory birds 217:ephemeral playa 139: 137: 133: 130: 125: 122: 120: 118: 117: 88: 87: 86: 85: 82: 81: 80: 79: 62: 61: 60: 57: 56: 55: 54: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3151: 3141: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 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In 648:(PDF) 510:sands 483:sands 244:ponds 240:lakes 194:loess 2957:Guam 2915:Utah 2870:Ohio 2770:Iowa 1844:York 1754:Rock 1739:Polk 1709:Otoe 1669:Loup 1649:Knox 1604:Holt 1579:Hall 1549:Gage 1469:Clay 1444:Cass 1434:Burt 1419:Boyd 1366:York 656:2020 512:and 485:and 420:and 321:The 270:and 268:corn 188:The 162:1963 151:Area 2377:DLD 1906:of 992:of 290:of 2989:: 783:^ 765:^ 749:^ 704:^ 679:^ 603:^ 572:^ 552:^ 532:, 313:. 294:. 250:, 246:, 242:, 238:, 234:, 230:, 2681:e 2674:t 2667:v 1896:e 1889:t 1882:v 982:e 975:t 968:v 945:. 930:. 915:. 900:. 875:. 716:. 672:. 658:.

Index

IUCN category
Map showing the location of Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District
Map showing the location of Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District
Nebraska
Kearney, Nebraska
40°42′30″N 99°04′52″W / 40.70833°N 99.08111°W / 40.70833; -99.08111
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Rainwater Basin Wetland Management District
loess
Platte River
Nebraska
European settlement
prairie
grasslands
ephemeral playa
wetlands
tallgrass prairie
mixed grass prairie
corn
soybeans
stream
Riparian woodlands
migratory birds
Central Flyway
North America
irrigation
precipitation
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S. Military
Wyoming

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