22:
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1143:
187:
A narrow cold-frontal rainband (NCFR) is a characteristic of particularly sharp cold frontal boundaries. These can usually be seen very easily on satellite photos. NCFRs are typically accompanied by strong gusty winds and brief but intense rainfall. Convection may or may not occur depending on the
167:, bands of heavy snow can occur within a cyclone's comma head precipitation pattern with a width of 32 kilometres (20 mi) to 80 kilometres (50 mi). These bands in the comma head are associated with areas of frontogensis, or zones of strengthening temperature contrast. Southwest of
159:'s warm sector, ahead of strong cold fronts associated with extratropical cyclones. Wider rain bands can occur behind cold fronts, which tend to have more stratiform, and less convective, precipitation. Within the cold sector north to northwest of a cyclone center, in colder cyclones,
287:
triggered by hills just upstream of the cloud's formation. Their spacing is normally 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) apart. When bands of precipitation near frontal zones approach steep topography, a low-level barrier
221:. Rainbands within tropical cyclones require ample moisture and a low level pool of cooler air. Bands located 80 kilometres (50 mi) to 150 kilometres (93 mi) from a cyclone's center migrate outward. They are capable of producing heavy
308:
can lead to the development of thunderstorm bands due to heat differential at this interface. Downwind of islands, bands of showers and thunderstorms can develop due to low level wind convergence downwind of the island edges. Offshore
88:
boundaries, if enough moisture is present. If sea breeze rainbands become active enough just ahead of a cold front, they can mask the location of the cold front itself. Banding within the comma head precipitation pattern of an
1698:
121:
A February 24, 2007 radar image of a large extratropical cyclonic storm system at its peak over the central United States. Note the band of thunderstorms along its trailing cold front.
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forms parallel to and just prior to the mountain ridge, which slows down the frontal rainband just prior to the mountain barrier. If enough moisture is present,
268:
424:
378:
76:. Rainbands associated with cold fronts can be warped by mountain barriers perpendicular to the front's orientation due to the formation of a low-level
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are associated with weak upward motion, and tend to be wide and stratiform in nature. In an atmosphere with rich low level moisture and vertical
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538:
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stability of the air mass being lifted by the front. Such fronts usually are also marked by a sharp wind shift and temperature drop.
61:, they make up a tropical cyclone. The extent of rainbands around a tropical cyclone can help determine the cyclone's intensity.
725:
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within intense hurricanes. Spiral rainbands are such a basic structure to a tropical cyclone that in most
304:
lines can become strong enough to mask the location of an approaching cold front by evening. The edge of
101:. Behind extratropical cyclones, rainbands can form downwind of relative warm bodies of water such as the
1625:
1042:
515:
442:
761:
422:
A CLIMATOLOGICAL AND COMPOSITE STUDY OF COLD SEASON BANDED PRECIPITATION IN THE NORTHEAST UNITED STATES.
1110:
906:
57:
and are curved in shape. They consist of showers and thunderstorms, and along with the eyewall and the
766:
Lecture Notes for
Chapter 15 – Hurricanes – Survey of Meteorology and Lyndon State College
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608:
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Rainbands exist in the periphery of tropical cyclones, which point towards the cyclone's center of
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241:
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AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF ISLAND EFFECT BANDS: PRECIPITATION PRODUCERS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
1516:
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1302:
1165:
886:
857:
446:
252:. Within this method, the extent of spiral banding and difference in temperature between the
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90:
45:
structure associated with an area of rainfall which is significantly elongated. Rainbands in
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de Orla-Barile, Marian; Cannon, Forest; Oakley, Nina S.; Martin Ralph, F. (January 2022).
8:
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21:
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A Numerical Study of
Typhoon Flo (1990) using the MRI Mesoscale Nonhydrostatic Model.
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813:
588:
487:
355:
245:
201:
197:
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130:
46:
746:
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Daniel J. Kirshbaum, George H. Bryan, Richard
Rotunno, and Dale R. Durran (2006).
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David R. Novak, Lance F. Bosart, Daniel Keyser, and Jeff S. Waldstreicher (2002).
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and eyewall is used to assign a maximum sustained wind and a central pressure.
140:
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How Do Outer Spiral
Rainbands Affect Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity?
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Interaction of a cold front with a sea-breeze front numerical simulations.
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Some rainbands move closer to the center, forming a secondary, or outer,
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85:
77:
69:
664:
The
Spacing of Orographic Rainbands Triggered by Small-Scale Topography.
1719:
468:"A Climatology of Narrow Cold-Frontal Rainbands in Southern California"
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293:
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148:
144:
81:
65:
465:
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901:
117:
105:. If the atmosphere is cold enough, these rainbands can yield heavy
1142:
1037:
677:
The influence of mesoscale orography on a coastal jet and rainband.
609:
Secondary eyewall structure in
Hurricane Rita: Results from RAINEX.
284:
280:
662:
Daniel J. Kirshbaum, Richard
Rotunno, and George H. Bryan (2007).
330:
Three-Dimensional
Kinematics of Rainbands in Midlatitude Cyclones.
881:
651:
The
Triggering of Orographic Rainbands by Small-Scale Topography.
267:
Different programs have been studying these rainbands, including
237:
230:
156:
73:
356:
16 November Narrow
Frontal Rain band Floods and severe weather.
226:
876:
638:
Subject: H1) What is the Dvorak technique and how is it used?
636:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (2007).
248:
is the primary method used to determine a tropical cyclone's
38:
794:"Mesoscale and Convective Structure of a Hurricane Rainband"
819:
10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<2125:MACSOA>2.0.CO;2
791:
222:
171:, curved flow bringing cold air across the relatively warm
106:
98:
94:
774:"Rainbands Offer Better Forecasts of Hurricane Intensity"
279:
Convective rainbands can form parallel to terrain on its
780:(Press release). National Science Foundation. 2005-08-08
567:
NWS JetStream – Online School for Weather (2008).
300:
fronts can form convective rainbands. Sea breeze front
269:
the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment
742:
233:, particularly in the storm's right-front quadrant.
710:An Introduction to Satellite Image Interpretation.
313:, this has been noted in the wake of cold fronts.
179:bands which bring significant localized snowfall.
1791:
585:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
182:
1633:List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe
792:G.M. Barnes and E.J. Zipser (September 1983).
1078:
842:
264:derived from this technique are approximate.
394:K. A. Browning and Robert J. Gurney (1999).
1085:
1071:
856:
849:
835:
817:
491:
440:
112:
534:A. Murata, K. Saito and M. Ueno (1999).
205:
151:, narrow, convective rainbands known as
116:
20:
1092:
80:. Bands of thunderstorms can form with
1792:
274:
1066:
830:
191:
64:Rainbands spawned near and ahead of
1699:East Asian-northwest Pacific storms
798:Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
614:
13:
14:
1836:
738:
93:can yield significant amounts of
16:Cloud and precipitation structure
1141:
745:
514:Glossary of Meteorology (2009).
374:Glossary of Meteorology (2009).
25:Band of thunderstorms seen on a
715:
702:
689:
669:
656:
643:
630:
621:University of Wisconsin–Madison
601:
578:
561:
548:
528:
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396:Global Energy and Water Cycles.
1694:Continental North Asian storms
459:
434:
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401:
388:
368:
348:
335:
322:
1:
316:
244:, use of the satellite-based
139:Rainbands in advance of warm
1820:Tropical cyclone meteorology
1233:Great Sheffield Gale of 1962
1173:Moray Firth fishing disaster
472:Geophysical Research Letters
260:values for their centers of
183:Narrow cold-frontal rainband
7:
1626:List of European windstorms
1043:Pacific Northwest windstorm
625:Objective Dvorak Technique.
569:Tropical Cyclone Structure.
210:Photograph of rainbands in
10:
1841:
575:. Retrieved on 2008-12-24.
195:
124:
72:which are able to produce
1762:
1749:Australian east coast low
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1732:
1707:
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1646:
1617:
1347:
1289:1992 New Year's Day Storm
1196:
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986:
947:
940:
931:
922:
864:
407:KELLY HEIDBREDER (2007).
354:Richard H. Grumm (2006).
1317:Boxing Day Storm of 1998
1310:Christmas Eve storm 1997
762:"Anatomy of a Hurricane"
732:Retrieved on 2008-12-26.
712:Retrieved on 2008-12-26.
699:Retrieved on 2008-12-25.
686:Retrieved on 2008-12-25.
666:Retrieved on 2008-12-25.
653:Retrieved on 2008-12-25.
640:Retrieved on 2006-12-08.
627:Retrieved on 2006-05-29.
611:Retrieved on 2009-01-09.
607:Jasmine Cetrone (2006).
573:National Weather Service
558:Retrieved on 2008-12-26.
545:Retrieved on 2008-12-25.
525:Retrieved on 2008-12-24.
431:Retrieved on 2008-12-26.
411:Retrieved on 2008-12-24.
398:Retrieved on 2008-12-26.
385:Retrieved on 2008-12-24.
365:Retrieved on 2008-12-26.
345:Retrieved on 2008-12-25.
1545:Friederike (David) 2018
1538:Eleanor (Burglind) 2018
1261:December 1981 windstorm
1219:North Sea flood of 1953
1132:Christmas Flood of 1717
721:Ivory J. Small (1999).
708:Eric D. Conway (1997).
598:Retrieved on 2008-12-24
409:Mesoscale snow banding.
376:Prefrontal squall line.
332:Retrieved on 2008-12-24
250:maximum sustained winds
242:tropical cyclone basins
1805:Extratropical cyclones
1770:Southern Ocean cyclone
858:Extratropical cyclones
328:Owen Hertzman (1988).
214:
169:extratropical cyclones
155:form generally in the
122:
113:Extratropical cyclones
30:
1825:Mesoscale meteorology
1419:Friedhelm/Bawbag 2011
1282:Burns' Day storm 1990
1166:Night of the Big Wind
887:Post-tropical cyclone
447:University of Wyoming
341:Yuh-Lang Lin (2007).
209:
127:Extratropical cyclone
120:
91:extratropical cyclone
24:
1254:Gale of January 1976
675:J. D. Doyle (1997).
554:Yuqing Wang (2007).
493:10.1029/2021GL095362
229:of wind, as well as
1734:Southern Hemisphere
1689:Western Disturbance
1503:Thomas (Doris) 2017
1275:Great storm of 1987
1240:1968 Scotland storm
1180:Tay Bridge disaster
1159:Great Storm of 1824
1125:Great Storm of 1703
1095:European windstorms
924:Northern Hemisphere
810:1983JAtS...40.2125B
484:2022GeoRL..4995362D
343:Mesoscale Dynamics.
275:Forced by geography
175:can lead to narrow
872:Anticyclonic storm
728:2012-03-06 at the
682:2012-01-06 at the
594:2012-02-12 at the
541:2011-07-22 at the
521:2008-12-27 at the
443:"Lake Effect Snow"
441:B. Geerts (1998).
427:2011-07-19 at the
381:2007-08-17 at the
361:2011-07-20 at the
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123:
31:
1787:
1786:
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1728:
1727:
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1642:
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1187:Eyemouth disaster
1103:14th-18th century
1051:
1050:
1011:
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892:Low-pressure area
695:A. Rodin (1995).
589:Hurricane Basics.
516:Tropical cyclone.
212:Hurricane Isidore
192:Tropical cyclones
47:tropical cyclones
1832:
1754:Black nor'easter
1739:
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1654:Black Sea storms
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804:(9): 2125–2137.
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246:Dvorak technique
202:Tropical cyclone
198:Dvorak technique
177:lake-effect snow
131:Lake effect snow
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1111:Grote Mandrenke
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43:precipitation
40:
36:
28:
27:weather radar
23:
19:
1531:Herwart 2017
1524:Ophelia 2017
1447:St Jude 2013
1426:Joachim 2011
1405:Xynthia 2010
1363:Jeanett 2002
1348:21st century
1268:Charley 1986
1205:Ulysses 1903
1197:20th century
1151:19th century
1028:Hatteras low
1023:Aleutian Low
963:Colorado low
913:
897:Weather bomb
801:
797:
782:. Retrieved
778:news release
777:
765:
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704:
691:
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450:. Retrieved
436:
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390:
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337:
324:
302:thunderstorm
278:
266:
262:low pressure
235:
219:low pressure
216:
186:
153:squall lines
138:
70:squall lines
63:
34:
32:
18:
1763:Other areas
1708:Other areas
1684:Asiatic Low
1608:Ciarán 2023
1594:Larisa 2023
1587:Eunice 2022
1573:Aurore 2021
1566:Dennis 2020
1552:Adrian 2018
1517:Xavier 2017
1489:Niklas 2015
1440:Andrea 2012
1433:Dagmar 2011
1384:Kyrill 2007
1370:Gudrun 2005
1356:Oratia 2000
1338:Martin 1999
1331:Lothar 1999
1324:Anatol 1999
1226:Debbie 1961
1212:Iberia 1941
977:Bighorn Low
948:Lee Cyclone
941:Continental
298:land breeze
173:Great Lakes
161:small scale
145:warm fronts
135:Squall line
103:Great Lakes
86:land breeze
78:barrier jet
66:cold fronts
1794:Categories
1720:Kona storm
1601:Babet 2023
1580:Malik 2022
1559:Ciara 2020
1454:Xaver 2013
1412:Berit 2011
1398:Klaus 2009
1033:Nor'easter
784:2008-09-06
452:2008-12-24
317:References
311:California
294:sea breeze
290:jet stream
196:See also:
149:wind shear
125:See also:
82:sea breeze
55:convective
51:stratiform
1775:Sudestada
1742:Australia
1664:Genoa low
1510:Zeus 2017
1496:Egon 2017
1482:Tini 2014
1468:Anne 2014
1461:Dirk 2013
1391:Emma 2008
1303:Lili 1996
902:Sting jet
502:245415748
285:lee waves
231:tornadoes
165:mesoscale
74:tornadoes
1618:See also
1377:Per 2007
1038:Gulf low
914:Rainband
865:Concepts
726:Archived
680:Archived
592:Archived
587:(1999).
539:Archived
519:Archived
425:Archived
379:Archived
359:Archived
281:windward
35:rainband
1016:Oceanic
882:Cyclone
806:Bibcode
623:(1998).
480:Bibcode
238:eyewall
227:squalls
157:cyclone
68:can be
29:display
1715:Arctic
1056:Europe
500:
133:, and
1810:Storm
1647:Other
987:Other
877:Storm
498:S2CID
478:(2).
223:rains
163:, or
39:cloud
37:is a
1677:Asia
907:List
296:and
225:and
200:and
143:and
107:snow
99:snow
95:rain
84:and
41:and
814:doi
488:doi
254:eye
97:or
59:eye
53:or
1796::
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33:A
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455:.
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