250:
55:
29:
240:
clouds may be embedded within the usual nimbostratus. Lightning from an embedded cumulonimbus cloud may interact with the nimbostratus but only in the immediate area around it. In this situation with lightning and rain occurring it would be hard to tell which type of cloud was producing the rain from
257:
Nimbostratus is generally a sign of an approaching warm or occluded front producing steady moderate precipitation, as opposed to the shorter period of typically heavier precipitation released by a cold-frontal cumulonimbus cloud. Precipitation may last for several days, depending on the speed of the
196:
generally found anywhere from near surface in the low levels to about 3,000 m (10,000 ft) in the middle level of the troposphere. Although usually dark at its base, it often appears illuminated from within to a surface observer. Nimbostratus usually has a thickness of about 2,000 to
394:
forms at altitudes of 3,000 to 7,600 metres (9,800 to 24,900 ft) in high latitudes, 5,000 to 12,000 metres (16,000 to 39,000 ft) in temperate latitudes, and 6,100 to 18,000 metres (20,000 to 59,100 ft) in low, tropical latitudes. Of the non-stratiform clouds,
241:
the ground, however cumulonimbus tend to produce larger droplets and more intense downpours. The occurrence of cumulonimbus and nimbostratus together is uncommon, and usually only nimbostratus is found at a warm front and sometimes in cold front.
155:
Although it is usually a low-based cloud, it actually forms most commonly in the middle level of the troposphere and then spreads vertically into the low and high levels. Nimbostratus usually produces precipitation over a wide area.
314:
Later, in the 20th century, an IMC commission for the study of clouds put forward a refined and more restricted definition of the genus nimbus, effectively reclassifying it as a stratiform cloud type. It was then renamed
372:
Multi-level nimbostratus is physically related to other stratiform genus-types by way of being non-convective in nature. However, the other sheet-like clouds usually each occupy only one or two levels at the same time.
381:
clouds that form from 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) to 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) in polar areas, 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) in temperate areas, and 7,600 metres (24,900 ft) in tropical areas. Although
343:
Precipitation-based supplementary features: Nimbostratus is a major precipitation cloud and produces the virga or precipitation features. The latter can achieve heavy intensity due to the cloud's vertical
249:
303:
These were further divided into upper and lower types depending on altitude. In addition to these three main types, Howard added two names to designate multiple cloud types joined together:
792:
221:
where the slowly rising warm air mass creates nimbostratus along with shallower stratus clouds producing less rain, these clouds being preceded by higher-level clouds such as
787:
347:
Accessory cloud: Nimbostratus pannus is an accessory cloud of nimbostratus that forms as a ragged layer in precipitation below the main cloud deck. Pannus is coded C
386:
forms mostly in the middle level of the troposphere, strong frontal lift can push it into the lower part of the high-level. The main high-level stratiform cloud is
490:
403:
are the most closely related to nimbostratus because of their vertical extent and ability to produce moderate to heavy precipitation. The remaining cumuliform (
822:
311:
a complex blending of cirriform, cumuliform, and stratiform clouds with sufficient vertical development to produce significant precipitation.
334:
Species and varieties: Nimbostratus is very thick, opaque, and featureless, so this genus type is not subdivided into species or varieties.
782:
504:
197:
4,000 m (6,600 to 13,100 ft). Though found worldwide, nimbostratus occurs more commonly in the middle latitudes. It is coded C
1415:
377:
clouds are low-level and form from near ground level to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) at all latitudes. In the middle level are the
703:
668:
357:
Mutatus mother clouds: Nimbostratus can form due to the complete transformation of altocumulus, altostratus and stratocumulus.
814:
651:
236:, however at an unusually unstable warm front caused as a result of the advancing warm air being hot, humid and unstable,
834:
757:
737:
624:
599:
571:
534:
641:
1703:
1526:
1178:
258:
frontal system. A nimbostratus virga cloud is the same as normal nimbostratus, but the rain or snow falls as
229:. Often, when an altostratus cloud thickens and descends into lower altitudes, it will become nimbostratus.
1672:
62:
1677:
1531:
1225:
1188:
1662:
1541:
1536:
279:
1411:
1082:
1077:
934:
915:
807:
467:
174:
830:
1437:
1198:
1067:
995:
1546:
1407:
1401:
1303:
400:
1657:
1652:
1118:
1010:
485:
1551:
1396:
1113:
1031:
749:
742:
526:
519:
462:
180:
Downward-growing nimbostratus can have the same vertical extent as most large upward-growing
1601:
1489:
1319:
1072:
1015:
800:
288:'s first systematized study of clouds, carried out in France in 1802, three general cloud
8:
1743:
1509:
1347:
1298:
1203:
1183:
826:
471:
438:
408:
141:
1606:
1325:
1279:
1252:
1096:
1050:
1036:
433:
428:
416:
396:
391:
387:
1693:
1647:
1473:
1217:
1161:
861:
753:
647:
620:
595:
567:
530:
412:
383:
378:
1775:
1617:
1353:
1193:
712:
677:
457:
323:. This left cumulonimbus as the only nimboform type as indicated by its root name.
89:
Dark and featureless layer cloud full of water vapor; responsible for rain and snow
390:
which is composed of ice crystals that often produce halo effects around the sun.
270:
usually replace the nimbostratus after the passage of the warm or occluded front.
1698:
1667:
1592:
1432:
1000:
561:
1708:
1005:
218:
354:
Genitus mother clouds: This genus type can form from cumulus and cumulonimbus.
168:
125:
1769:
1713:
1518:
1468:
1460:
1451:
1391:
1383:
1372:
1290:
1170:
1105:
1059:
987:
897:
404:
374:
267:
263:
181:
1611:
1579:
978:
960:
237:
233:
222:
34:
1573:
843:
285:
226:
104:
94:
860:
592:
Weather
Identification Handbook: The Ultimate Guide for Weather Watchers
161:
1330:
292:
were established based on appearance and characteristics of formation:
214:
193:
1358:
563:
The
Cloudspotter's Guide: The Science, History, and Culture of Clouds
145:
829:
and selected species, supplementary features, and other airborne
736:
701:
666:
516:
149:
54:
1718:
1412:
Cumulus castellanus (unofficial alternative name for Cu con))
823:
259:
202:
129:
112:
944:
No differentiated sub-types; tends to resemble cirrostratus
319:
and published with the new name in the 1932 edition of the
137:
133:
108:
100:
232:
Nimbostratus, unlike cumulonimbus, is not associated with
1494:
491:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
184:, but its horizontal expanse tends to be even greater.
905:
614:
321:
International Atlas of Clouds and of States of the Sky
280:
Cloud § History of cloud science and nomenclature
28:
419:) clouds have the least in common with nimbostratus.
307:
a blending of cumulus clouds and stratus layers, and
1418:
term for Cu con and "Cu cas" is
Towering cumulus ))
851:
555:
553:
1739:(Mother cloud)+mutatus (e.g. cumulomutatus (cumut)
1736:(Mother cloud)+genitus (e.g. cumulogenitus (cugen)
741:
518:
1767:
550:
326:
253:Nimbostrati often have very few visual features.
783:National Science Digital Library - Nimbostratus
702:World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975).
667:World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975).
517:World Meteorological Organization, ed. (1975).
484:
808:
559:
619:. Fort Worth: Saunders College Publishing.
608:
510:
367:
815:
801:
27:
916:Nacreous polar stratospheric clouds (PSC)
695:
615:Thompson, Graham; Turk, Jonathan (1993).
1245:
837:Latin terminology except where indicated
730:
639:
585:
583:
248:
1140:Mutatus non-height specific (see below)
633:
594:. Guilford, Connecticut: Globe Pequot.
521:Nimbostratus, International Cloud Atlas
1768:
1517:
1169:
1104:
1058:
660:
589:
128:, nearly uniform, and often dark-grey
796:
580:
705:Varieties, International Cloud Atlas
1542:Stratocumulus stratiformis (Sc str)
1537:Stratocumulus lenticularis (Sc len)
744:Features, International Cloud Atlas
13:
1527:Stratocumulus castellanus (Sc cas)
1083:Cirrocumulus stratiformis (Cc str)
1078:Cirrocumulus lenticularis (Cc len)
670:Species, International Cloud Atlas
507:in the Oxford Dictionaries Online.
14:
1787:
1199:Altocumulus stratiformis (Ac str)
1194:Altocumulus lenticularis (Ac len)
1068:Cirrocumulus castellanus (Cc cas)
788:Nimbostratus and Other Low Clouds
776:
738:World Meteorological Organization
617:Earth Science and the Environment
273:
132:that usually produces continuous
1304:Cumulonimbus capillatus (Cb cap)
1179:Altocumulus castellanus (Ac cas)
937:polar stratospheric clouds (PSC)
711:. pp. 20–22. Archived from
676:. pp. 18–20. Archived from
463:Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia
262:which doesn't reach the ground.
53:
1483:St-only genitus cloud and other
1119:Cirrostratus nebulosus (Cs neb)
1552:Stratocumulus volutus (Sc vol)
1532:Stratocumulus floccus (Sc flo)
1313:Cb-only supplementary features
1114:Cirrostratus fibratus (Cs fib)
498:
494:(5th ed.). HarperCollins.
478:
450:
1:
1490:Stratus silvagenitus (St sil)
1348:Cumulonimbus flumen ((Cb flu)
1341:Cb-only accessories and other
1189:Altocumulus lacunosus (Ac la)
1073:Cirrocumulus floccus (Cc flo)
560:Pretor-Pinney, Gavin (2007).
444:
327:Subtypes and derivative types
187:
1299:Cumulonimbus calvus (Cb cal)
1204:Altocumulus volutus (Ac vol)
1184:Altocumulus floccus (Ac flo)
878:Noctilucent type III billows
646:. McGraw-Hill Professional.
213:Nimbostratus occurs along a
208:
7:
1253:Nimbostratus virga (Ns vir)
996:Cirrus castellanus (Ci cas)
422:
244:
192:Nimbostratus has a diffuse
173:, which denotes "cloud" or
10:
1792:
1474:Stratus nebulosus (St neb)
1408:Cumulus congestus (Cu con)
1402:Cumulus mediocris (Cu med)
1037:Cirrus vertebratus (Ci ve)
881:Noctilucent type IV whirls
277:
165:comes from the Latin word
1727:
1686:
1640:
1631:
1589:
1564:
1508:
1482:
1459:
1450:
1425:
1382:
1371:
1340:
1331:Cumulonimbus murus ((mur)
1320:Cumulonimbus cauda ((cau)
1312:
1289:
1278:
1269:
1234:
1216:
1160:
1151:
1131:
1095:
1049:
1024:
1011:Cirrus spissatus (Ci spa)
986:
977:
968:
959:
933:
914:
896:
875:Noctilucent type II bands
842:
643:Aviation Weather Handbook
468:Columbia University Press
93:
85:
75:
61:
49:
41:
26:
21:
16:Common type of rain cloud
1469:Stratus fractus (St fra)
1397:Cumulus humilis (Cu hum)
1376:Variable vertical extent
1326:Cumulonimbus incus (inc)
1001:Cirrus fibratus (Ci fib)
872:Noctilucent type I veils
866:Polar mesospheric clouds
748:. Vol. I. pp.
640:Lankford, Terry (2000).
525:. Vol. I. pp.
407:) and stratocumuliform (
368:Relation to other clouds
1547:Stratocumulus Undulatus
1032:Cirrus intortus (Ci in)
1016:Cirrus uncinus (Ci unc)
1006:Cirrus floccus (Ci flo)
1687:Supplementary features
1567:supplementary features
590:Dunlop, Storm (2003).
254:
167:
1730:and human-made clouds
1226:Altostratus undulatus
935:Nitric acid and water
278:Further information:
252:
1748:Homomutatus (homut)
1744:Homogenitus (hogen)
1714:Praecipitatio (pra)
926:Lenticular nacreous
472:The Free Dictionary
439:List of cloud types
1510:Stratocumulus (Sc)
1497:(Fg) Surface level
1438:Trade wind cumulus
923:Cirriform nacreous
429:Nimbostratus virga
255:
122:nimbostratus cloud
33:Nimbostratus with
22:Nimbostratus cloud
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1673:Translucidus (tr)
1627:
1626:
1560:
1559:
1504:
1503:
1446:
1445:
1367:
1366:
1283:Towering vertical
1280:Cumulonimbus (Cb)
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1236:Nimbostratus (Ns)
1212:
1211:
1147:
1146:
1127:
1126:
1097:Cirrostratus (Cs)
1091:
1090:
1051:Cirrocumulus (Cc)
1045:
1044:
1025:Ci-only varieties
955:
954:
951:
950:
892:
891:
888:
887:
653:978-0-07-136103-3
401:cumulus congestus
124:is a multilevel,
118:
117:
81:(2,000–18,000 ft)
1783:
1638:
1637:
1618:Actinoform cloud
1515:
1514:
1457:
1456:
1380:
1379:
1354:Overshooting top
1287:
1286:
1276:
1275:
1243:
1242:
1218:Altostratus (As)
1167:
1166:
1162:Altocumulus (Ac)
1158:
1157:
1102:
1101:
1056:
1055:
984:
983:
975:
974:
966:
965:
912:
911:
903:
902:
858:
857:
849:
848:
817:
810:
803:
794:
793:
771:
770:
768:
766:
747:
734:
728:
727:
725:
723:
717:
710:
699:
693:
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690:
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675:
664:
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637:
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605:
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548:
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524:
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496:
495:
482:
476:
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454:
57:
31:
19:
18:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1751:
1740:
1729:
1723:
1694:Asperitas (asp)
1682:
1663:Perlucidus (pe)
1648:Duplicatus (du)
1633:
1623:
1620:(Stratocumulus)
1593:accessory cloud
1591:
1585:
1566:
1556:
1500:
1478:
1442:
1421:
1375:
1363:
1336:
1308:
1282:
1271:
1257:
1238:
1230:
1208:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1132:High-level-only
1123:
1087:
1041:
1020:
970:
947:
936:
929:
907:
906:Very high-level
884:
865:
853:
838:
821:
779:
774:
764:
762:
760:
735:
731:
721:
719:
718:on 25 July 2016
715:
708:
700:
696:
686:
684:
683:on 25 July 2016
680:
673:
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370:
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329:
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80:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1789:
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1760:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1728:Mother clouds
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1678:Undulatus (un)
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1653:Lacunosus (la)
1650:
1644:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1590:Low-level-only
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1565:Low-level-only
1562:
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777:External links
775:
773:
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758:
740:, ed. (1975).
729:
694:
659:
652:
632:
625:
607:
600:
579:
572:
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509:
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486:"nimbostratus"
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305:cumulostratus,
275:
274:Origin of name
272:
246:
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219:occluded front
210:
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198:
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116:
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67:Nimbostratus (
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1704:Fluctus (flu)
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1668:Radiatus (ra)
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1582:Funnel cloud)
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1134:mutatus cloud
1130:
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898:Stratospheric
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852:Extreme-level
850:
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409:stratocumulus
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317:nimbostratus,
312:
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298:
295:
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269:
268:stratocumulus
265:
261:
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234:thunderstorms
230:
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95:Precipitation
92:
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74:
70:
69:rain, layered
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1612:Pannus (pan)
1602:Pileus (pil)
1574:Arcus ((arc)
1452:Stratus (St)
1373:Cumulus (Cu)
1350:Beaver tail)
1235:
1152:Medium-level
961:Tropospheric
831:hydrometeors
763:. Retrieved
743:
732:
720:. Retrieved
713:the original
704:
697:
685:. Retrieved
678:the original
669:
662:
642:
635:
616:
610:
591:
562:
540:. Retrieved
520:
512:
505:Nimbostratus
500:
489:
480:
470:– via
461:
452:
434:Cumulonimbus
417:cirrocumulus
397:cumulonimbus
392:Cirrostratus
388:cirrostratus
371:
320:
316:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
289:
283:
256:
238:cumulonimbus
231:
223:cirrostratus
212:
191:
179:
166:
160:
158:
154:
121:
119:
111:; sometimes
68:
42:Abbreviation
1719:Virga (vir)
1709:Mamma (mam)
1699:Cavum (cav)
1658:Opacus (op)
1607:Velum (vel)
1580:Tuba ((tub)
1333:Wall cloud)
1322:Tail cloud)
1239:Multi-level
979:Cirrus (Ci)
862:Noctilucent
844:Mesospheric
566:. Perigee.
413:altocumulus
384:altostratus
379:altostratus
301:stratiform.
286:Luke Howard
227:altostratus
159:The prefix
105:ice pellets
79:500–5,500 m
1632:Non-height
969:High-level
445:References
297:cumuliform
294:cirriform,
215:warm front
194:cloud base
188:Appearance
86:Appearance
1641:Varieties
1595:and other
1433:Horseshoe
1359:Hot tower
1270:Low-level
1246:Varieties
765:26 August
722:26 August
687:26 August
542:26 August
209:Formation
201:2 on the
146:lightning
144:, but no
126:amorphous
1770:Category
1634:specific
908:15–30 km
854:80–85 km
423:See also
245:Forecast
205:report.
76:Altitude
1776:Stratus
1616:Other-
1519:Species
1461:Species
1392:Fractus
1384:Species
1291:Species
1171:Species
1106:Species
1060:Species
988:Species
971:3–18 km
458:"cloud"
405:cumulus
375:Stratus
309:nimbus,
264:Stratus
182:cumulus
150:thunder
1576:Shelf)
1272:0–2 km
1154:2–8 km
827:genera
756:
650:
623:
598:
570:
533:
415:, and
344:depth.
284:Under
175:"halo"
169:nimbus
162:nimbo-
50:Symbol
35:pannus
1426:Other
864:(NLC)
824:Cloud
750:22–24
716:(PDF)
709:(PDF)
681:(PDF)
674:(PDF)
527:37–39
290:forms
260:virga
203:SYNOP
142:sleet
140:, or
130:cloud
113:virga
107:, or
99:Yes:
63:Genus
1416:ICAO
767:2014
754:ISBN
724:2014
689:2014
648:ISBN
621:ISBN
596:ISBN
568:ISBN
544:2014
531:ISBN
399:and
299:and
225:and
138:snow
134:rain
109:snow
101:rain
1495:Fog
835:WMO
266:or
217:or
148:or
1772::
833:-
752:.
582:^
552:^
529:.
488:.
466:.
460:.
411:,
351:7.
177:.
152:.
136:,
120:A
103:,
45:Ns
1414:(
1410:(
1406:(
816:e
809:t
802:v
769:.
726:.
691:.
656:.
629:.
604:.
576:.
546:.
474:.
349:L
199:M
71:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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