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278:"strongly condemned" the prosecution. On 27 October, under international pressure, the Supreme Court changed Marques's sentence to a suspended sentence on the condition that he not write anything defamatory about the government for the following five years. He was also ordered to pay damages to the President, and his passport was confiscated until the end of February 2001.
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paper. Marques was punished with a transfer to the local news desk. Owing to his continued “tendency to inject unwelcome social commentary into even the driest reportage”, he continued to be demoted. One day, assigned to write about the latest national statistics, he included political analysis. “And that was the last straw”, he later told a reporter. He was fired.
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According to the
Committee to Protect Journalists, dos Santos's government thereupon “began a campaign of verbal abuse against Marques,” citing a statement by legislator Mendes de Carvalho, during a 19 January 2000 parliamentary debate on press freedom, that if Marques kept criticizing dos Santos, he
368:. Commenting at the time of his nomination, Marques said “It is a boost for my work, and an important break in my isolation and regular harassment. It also provides a ray of hope for Angolans who believe in the importance of exposing corruption as a criminal offense and the main scourge of society.”
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He was held for forty days without charges and was not permitted to contact his family or a lawyer. At night “the police would burst in, wake him up, and try to force him to sign blank documents that could later be doctored against him.” When he refused, they denied him food and water. Marques went
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Marques has participated in a number of international conferences and seminars, including "Transitions: A Conversation with
National Leaders," sponsored by New York University and the International Peace Academy and held in New York in March 2005; "Beyond 'Conflict Diamonds:' a New Report on Human
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In 2003 he wrote
Cabinda: A Year of Pain, a catalog of hundreds of human rights abuses allegedly inflicted on the populace by government forces and others. In several human rights reports, and in the September 2011 book Blood Diamonds: Corruption and Torture in Angola, he described the killing and
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Although it had been scheduled to be heard before the
Supreme Court, Marques' case was referred back to the Criminal Divisional Court, where it was heard before Joaquim de Abreu Cangato, a former member of Angola's secret police with no legal training. On 10 March the trial was adjourned until 21
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His trial began on 9 March 2000. He was charged under Angola's Law 7/78, also known as the Law on Crimes
Against State Security. The Committee to Protect Journalists charged that “Law 7/78 violates Article 35 of the 1992 Angolan Constitution, which guarantees the right to freedom of expression.”
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Shortly after joining Jornal de Angola, Marques wrote an article on the forthcoming presidential election in which he quoted an opposition leader's criticism of dos Santos. He did not intend for the quotation to be published in the newspaper, but through some editorial error it did appear in the
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Thanks to rising international pressure on Angola spurred by the efforts of the Open
Society Institute, Marques was released on bail on 25 November, on the condition that he remain in Luanda and not speak to journalists or make public statements. On 15 December, without explanation, the Luanda
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While growing up, Marques became disturbed by the worsening state of his country: “I had never heard of a lawyer, no idea of what human rights were, no idea of what fighting corruption was”, he later recalled. “I realised that the way of addressing the issues that concerned me was by being a
238:. Marques called Dos Santos a dictator and charged him with destroying Angola and with promoting “incompetence, embezzlement and corruption as political and social values". Three months later, on 16 October, Marques was arrested at his home in Luanda and charged with defamation.
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Rights and
Angolan Diamonds," held at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars in Washington, DC, on 24 March 2005; and "Angola's Oil Curse," at the Post-Nobel Conference on "Oil Revenues – From Curse to Blessing for Developing Countries?”, held on 17 December 2004.
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terrorizing of villagers by private security companies and
Angolan military officials in the name of protecting mining operations. In November 2011 he issued a criminal complaint accusing nine Angolan generals of crimes against humanity in connection with diamond mining.
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on a hunger strike that went public. As a result he was transferred to another prison, where he was given food, but where his cell was so crowded that “the prisoners slept leaning up against the walls which were crawling with lice.”
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On 31 March, Marques was found guilty of the charge of abuse of the press, resulting in an “injury” to the
President. He was sentenced to six months' imprisonment, but remained free pending an appeal. He was also fined US$ 17,000.
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In 1998 the
Angolan Civil War resumed. In 1999 shortly after publishing the opinion piece “Cannon Fodder” Marques began collecting signatures on a petition calling for an end to the war. He was attacked on radio and in the press.
290:, organizing a coalition of 250 civic and religious leaders to call for peaceful resolution. On 14 July 2001, he was detained again after visiting evicted people in a resettlement camp outside of Luanda with
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March. On that date, Cangato ordered spectators, including US and Portuguese embassy officials, human-rights activists, and journalists, to leave the courtroom, after which the trial continued in secrecy.
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citation, "his unvarnished criticisms of the Angolan army's brutality and the malfeasance of the government and foreign oil interests put him at extreme personal risk."
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published an article by Marques entitled "The Lipstick of Dictatorship" (a play on words based on the Portuguese term for a police baton). In it, he criticized Angolan
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But government critics in Angola saw irony in Portugal's quest. "The capital barely has any electricity," said Rafael Marques de Morais, an anticorruption campaigner.
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reporter Justin Pearce; the people in the camp had been forcibly evicted from a neighborhood in the city that had apparently been rezoned for commercial development.
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918:"Angolan Journalist Rafael Marques De Morais Wins Freedom Of Expression Award Days Ahead Of Defamation Trial In Luanda"
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Why Is Angola Putting Journalist Rafael Marques On Trial For Exposing Human Rights Abuses?
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On October 1, 2015, Rafael Marques de Morais was declared a recipient of the 2015
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Between 1999 and 2002, Marques wrote a series of articles about the trade in
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prize, commending him for his "dedication to pursuing truth at all costs".
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expressed concern that Marques had not received a fair trial. The US-based
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for International business journalism for "The Shortest Route to Riches."
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activist who received several international awards for his reporting on
205:. He started work as a journalist in 1992 at the state-owned newspaper
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Rafael Marques de Morais is a journalist and anti-corruption activist.
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Provincial Court transferred his case to the Supreme Court of Angola.
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523:"Angola: Marques in Angola - the Perils of Speaking Truth to Power"
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In 2008, he founded an anti-corruption website called Maka Angola.
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Following the defamation incident, Marques focused on ending the
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173:. He currently heads the anti-corruption watchdog Maka Angola.
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686:"Tightening Controls on Media Worry Journalists in Angola"
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719:"Journalist convicted of defaming Angolan President"
457:"Fortunes, and Tables, Turn for Portugal and Angola"
558:. Committee to Protect Journalists. 31 March 2000.
364:, sharing the CDN$ 100,000 prize with co-recipient
751:. Committee to Protect Journalists. 6 March 2000.
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978:"Rafael Marques De Morais: Allard Prize Finalist"
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984:. Peter A. Allard School of Law. Archived from
954:. Peter A. Allard School of Law. Archived from
355:Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award
145:Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award
948:"Rafael Marques De Morais & John Githongo"
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868:. National Association of Black Journalists.
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749:"Angola: Outspoken journalist will be tried"
655:"Angola: Outspoken journalist will be tried"
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161:(born 1971) is an Angolan journalist and
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952:Allard Prize for International Integrity
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362:Allard Prize for International Integrity
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309:, a major oil center. According to his
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684:Rachel L. Swarns (20 September 2000).
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435:"Growing Wealth, Shrinking Democracy"
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597:from the original on March 18, 2014
562:from the original on 13 August 2012
455:Adam Nossiter (November 19, 2011).
250:“would not live to the age of 40.”
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836:"2006 Civil Courage Prize Honoree"
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345:in 2000. In 2006, he received the
187:BA (Hons) Anthropology & Media
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806:"Free Press Threatened in Angola"
665:from the original on May 18, 2013
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32:Photo of Rafael Marques de Morais
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866:"Past Special Honors Recipients"
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223:"The Lipstick of Dictatorship"
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483:. Maka Angola. Archived from
410:. Civil Courage Prize. 2012.
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892:"Civil Courage Prize"
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382:awarded Marques the
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840:Civil Courage Prize
781:. 27 October 2000.
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1176:Anna Politkovskaya
1089:, 12 November 2014
958:on 23 January 2021
690:The New York Times
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1016:. June 24, 2014.
988:on 6 October 2018
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378:In May 2018, the
373:Gerald Loeb Award
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288:Angolan Civil War
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