385:) in 1837. However, there was no co-ordinating body that superintended the enforcement of this early colonial legislation. Sentiments about the necessity of passing substantial anti-cruelty laws and creating organisations similar to England's RSPCA were published in the newspapers in the colonial states of NSW, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia from the 1860s until the early 1890s as each colonial state established an SPCA.
807:
435:
281:. Although no formal link exists between the RSPCA in both countries it is the UK experience that led to the formation of societies in the Australian colonies. The intellectual climate of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century in Britain reflected opposing views that were exchanged in print concerning the use of animals. The harsh use and maltreatment of animals in hauling carriages, scientific experiments (including
90:
471:
government to apply and enforce stronger regulatory safeguards, as well as supporting a case for this primary industry to shift from live exports and transition to frozen food exports. On other contentious issues RSPCA Australia has advocated the abolition of battery-hen cages, stopping the use of animals to test make-up cosmetics, opposing the use of whips in horse racing, and ending jumps (or
789:) and does not possess an inspectorate (that is, animal welfare enforcement branch). It solely manages an animal shelter and attends community events and schools providing education on its mission to raise awareness about animal cruelty. It is managed by a board of 9 directors elected yearly at an AGM. Instead in the Northern Territory, animal welfare enforcement duties are specified in the
27:
641:) is a charity and law enforcement organisation in Tasmania, Australia. It runs and maintains two (2) shelters for the rehoming of animals, a dog boarding service as well as several other programs. It is also responsible for the enforcement of animal welfare laws in Tasmania. The Society was created at a public meeting on 19 July 1878 chaired by Governor
549:(1815–1889) who served as Victoria's second Chief Justice. As of 2014 it manages 10 animal shelters across Victoria and like all other state RSPCAs besides Darwin operates an animal cruelty inspectorate on behalf of the state government. It is governed by a board of eight directors; the present President of RSPCA Victoria is Dr Hugh Wirth AM
1501:
763:
RSPCA is heavily criticised by Animal Rights and Vegan groups in
Australia for allowing businesses that breed animals to be killed for food to purchase 'RSPCA Approved' accreditation. This accreditation specifies certain conditions that the animals must be raised in, but opponents argue that killing
750:
RSPCA ACT is governed by a board of 9 directors, elected yearly at an AGM. It operates an inspectorate to enforce animal welfare laws, a wildlife rescue and rehabilitation program, an animal shelter as well as to facilitate fundraising for a veterinary clinic, cat boarding kennels, pet supply store,
442:
RSPCA is a helpful resource for finding and helping animals, they treat animals if they are hurt and give them nice owners. Since its inception the national body has had to come to grips with a range of moral reflections that have stimulated public debates in many
English-speaking nations, including
328:
In 1822, Broome attempted to form a
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals that would bring together the patronage of persons who were of social rank and committed to social reforms. Broome organised and chaired a meeting of sympathisers in November 1822 where it was agreed that a Society
264:
In each state and territory of
Australia there are separate RSPCA organisations that are differentiated by their state/territorial names such as RSPCA NSW, RSPCA Victoria and so forth. During 1980, two meetings were held among delegates from each state/territorial RSPCA body to enable the formation
596:
The RSPCA Queensland was originally created at a public meeting held on Monday 11 September 1876 in
Brisbane's Town Hall and was chaired by Rev. W. Draper. However its activities were short-lived and a fresh attempt to restart the Society occurred at a public meeting on Friday 24 August 1883 which
527:
The state and territory RSPCA entities employ inspectors who are appointed under state and territory animal welfare legislation. This legislation gives inspectors a range of powers that vary according to state or territory, primarily focused on investigating cases of animal cruelty and to enforce
699:
In 1907 several South
Australian churches instituted an annual "Animal Sunday" service to promote animal welfare as well as the role of the RSPCA, and such services were still being celebrated after World War 2. In 1968 the work of the RSPCA was featured in a television film that was produced by
470:
During the twenty-first century a widespread public debate, which has included the RSPCA Australia as a participating voice expressing alarm, about the cruel treatment of animals is in the live export trade. On this controversial issue RSPCA Australia's position has been to urge the
Commonwealth
380:
Early concerns about the maltreatment of animals were expressed in newspaper articles and letters from correspondents in the colony of NSW in the first decade of the nineteenth century. The earliest piece of colonial legislation that carried penalties for some forms of cruelty toward animals was
608:
and then in 1890 the
Society altered its constitution to encompass both animals and children and became known as the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty. There are 3,000 volunteers across Queensland. The legal powers that authorise Queensland RSPCA inspectors to investigate reports of animal
251:
The objective of RSPCA Australia is to provide a national presence for the RSPCA movement and to promote unity and a commonality of purpose between the state and territory based bodies. The national
Council of RSPCA Australia meet three times a year. Each affiliate RSPCA has two members on the
772:
over the issues after they claimed to have been ignored by the organisations board and the ACT government when they raised concerns as early as 2010. The involvement of their union forced an investigation by the ACT government to be launched. The CEO of RSPCA ACT resigned several days before,
571:
RSPCA NSW is a not-for-profit charity operating in New South Wales, Australia that promotes animal welfare. The RSPCA NSW was founded in Sydney in 1873 and on Monday 28 July 1873 it was announced at a committee meeting that the
Society's first President would be the prominent Anglican Sir
700:
former police prosecutor Bill Davies and was broadcast on channel 9 as a way of inviting children to participate in the Society's junior branch. The legal powers that authorise South Australia's RSPCA inspectors to investigate reports of animal cruelty are specified in the
668:
was created in 1875 through the collaborative efforts of politicians, public officials, Christian clergy and churchgoers, and members of the Jewish community. A public meeting was convened at the Adelaide Town Hall on 6 December 1875 that was chaired by the mayor Sir
767:
In October 2013 it came under fire amid allegations that it had overworked staff, underpaid them and undertook welfare practices staff believed were wrong. Nine staff (a sixth of the workforce) from the RSPCA ACT's shelter took their grievances to their union,
1498:
487:
named Fizo on 25 September 1996. It was implemented to recognise the actions of animals, particularly if they have risked their life to save a person from injury or death. The award was named after the Purple Cross Society, which was established during the
764:
animals against their will for profit is not in the animals' best interests regardless of the quality of life they have prior to being killed. Regular 'RSPCA Fail' protests have been conducted in Australian state capital cities throughout 2018 and 2019.
297:
were among some of the matters that were debated by social reformers, clergy, and parliamentarians. Some early legislative efforts to ban practices such as bull-baiting in the English parliament were made in 1800 and 1809, the former effort led by
1375:
657:. IMPORTANT: RSPCA Inspectors gather information to present to courts in order to prosecute owners and receive legal authorisation to confiscate mistreated animals. RSPCA is NOT a vigilante organisation and can NOT work outside of the law.
1465:
242:
RSPCA Australia defines its purpose as being the leading authority in animal care and protection, and to prevent cruelty to animals by actively promoting their care and protection. It also monitors the use of animals in media.
1442:
1548:
455:, intensive agricultural farming, scientific experiments on animals, the live export trade, unlicensed puppy farms, animals used in circuses and rodeos, greyhound and horse racing, as well as issues surrounding human diets (
2420:
725:
2194:
2964:
584:, Sir Alfred Stephen attempted on four occasions to pass an animals protection bill. The legal power that authorises NSW RSPCA inspectors to investigate reports of animal cruelty are specified in the
2436:
411:
in 1882. However the British organisation disowned the connection after an Australian staff member was found guilty of extortion in 1896. Levvy persevered and the organisation was rebranded as the
2556:
2866:
467:). In the academic field of legal study dubbed "animal law" there is much discussion among Australian lawyers and legal scholars about the adequacy of existing animal welfare legislation.
1462:
325:(1779-1837)as he had letters published in periodicals in which he canvassed for expressions of interest in forming a voluntary organisation to promote animal welfare and oppose cruelty.
2696:
1424:
1408:
835:
1545:
1439:
1392:
712:
RSPCA Western Australia was established on 2 August 1892 as the West Australian Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA), by the members of a women's reading circle.
2836:
1346:
503:
donkey 'Murphy', and all the other donkeys used by Simpson, the Purple Cross Award for 'the exceptional work they performed on behalf of humans while under continual fire at
2726:
2501:
2401:
236:
established in 1981 to promote animal welfare. Each state and territory of Australia has an RSPCA organisation that predates and is affiliated with RSPCA Australia.
911:
Li Chien-hui, "A Union of Christianity, Humanity, and Philanthropy: The Christian Tradition and the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in Nineteenth-Century England,"
751:
puppy training school and other related services. The legal powers that authorise ACT RSPCA inspectors to investigate reports of animal cruelty are specified in the
2333:
724:, in 1894. It was able to hire a second salaried inspector in 1906. Lander was later elected to parliament, where he secured the passage of a bill that became the
2198:
1061:
1926:
1710:
553:
who has held the position since 1972. The legal power that authorises Victorian RSPCA inspectors to investigate reports of animal cruelty are specified in the
274:
735:
2384:
864:
946:
738:, becoming the RSPCA. The legal powers that authorise Western Australia's RSPCA inspectors to investigate reports of animal cruelty are specified in the
2224:
720:, agreed to become its patron the following year, and all subsequent governors have been patrons. The organisation hired its first full-time inspector,
2659:
1940:
1912:
2477:
2083:
2858:
389:
1792:. Danielle R. Deemer and Linda M. Lobao, "Public Concern with Farm-Animal Welfare: Religion, Politics and Human Disadvantage in the Food Sector,"
2811:
1195:
A History of Attitudes and Behaviours Toward Animals in Eighteenth- And Nineteenth-Century Britain: Anthropocentrism and the Emergence of Animals
396:
in 1871. This was followed by New South Wales in 1873; South Australia in 1875; Tasmania in 1878; Queensland in 1883; Western Australia in 1892;
47:
Some incorrect information - refers to entire federation of Australian RSPCAs rather than this org, RSPCA Australia - corrected by organisation.
1087:
2269:
1142:
2959:
2577:
1960:
692:
who served as the President from 1877 to 1883. In 1877 one of the Society's vice-presidents was the Lord Bishop of Adelaide Right Reverend
2765:
1692:
1659:
2294:
2029:
528:
animal welfare law, primarily for domesticated animals. RSPCAs are in most states the only private charity with law enforcement powers.
443:
Australia, that are concerned with human relationships with non-human creatures. The spectrum of debates include questions about animal
2969:
2636:
653:(1840–1911). The legal powers that authorise Tasmania's RSPCA inspectors to investigate reports of animal cruelty are specified in the
2828:
2954:
2651:
On Jervois' life and his active role in Christian charities see Robin W. Winks, 'Jervois, Sir William Francis Drummond (1821–1897)',
2373:
1890:
1033:
906:
340:
MP (1786–1845) and the resolution to establish the Society was voted on. Among the others who were present as founding members were
601:, four Christian clergymen (Rev. M'Culloch, Griffth, Poole and Hennessey), a lawyer (A. Rutledge) and veterinarian (James Irving).
2600:
2721:
2010:
1902:
998:
2461:
Three score years and ten : a human story based on the life work of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty in Queensland
1019:
Three score years and ten : a human story based on the life work of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty in Queensland
2892:
2493:
2452:
1572:
847:
689:
674:
2396:
2048:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1826:
1814:
1769:
1757:
1168:
1012:
878:
1116:
960:
892:
773:
unrelated to the issue, but publicly defended his legacy and stated it was simply a small number of disgruntled employees.
131:
2744:
2328:
1636:
1591:
2785:
2149:
2261:
Pertzel, For All Creatures, p 8. On his life and career see Charles Francis, "Stawell, Sir William Foster (1815–1889)",
239:
It describes itself as a "federated organisation made up of the eight independent state and territory RSPCA Societies."
1053:
321:(1754–1834). In 1821 some sympathetic support for Martin's legislative work was centred around the efforts of Reverend
310:
1525:
1976:
1789:
984:
940:
332:
Broome tried once more to create the Society and he invited a number of social reformers gathered on 16 June 1824 at
318:
303:
69:
1920:
1707:
426:, followed by NSW SPCA in 1923, South Australia in 1937, Queensland in 1955, Tasmania in 1956 and Victoria in 1956.
252:
national Council. The Council meets to formulate new policies and offer advice to government and industry bodies on
2531:
2067:
1733:
945:
Jennifer MacCulloch, "Creatures of culture: the animal protection and preservation movements in Sydney, 1880-1930"
51:
1991:
2918:
333:
1933:.; Stephen Keim and Tracy-Lynne Geysen, "The Rights of Animals and The Welfarist Approach: May the Twain Meet?"
2213:
717:
550:
357:
309:
The first anti-cruelty legislation that was passed by Britain's Parliament occurred in 1822 was known as the
2656:
1934:
1919:; Andrea Gaynor, "Animal Agendas: Conflict Over Productive Animals in Twentieth-Century Australian Cities,"
1906:
1225:
Humanity Dick The Eccentric Member for Galway: The Story of Richard Martin, Animal Rights Pioneer, 1754-1834
977:
Humanity Dick The Eccentric Member for Galway: The Story of Richard Martin, Animal Rights Pioneer, 1754-1834
397:
2472:
2091:
1905:; Ian Weldon, "Why doesn't animal protection legislation protect animals? (and how it's getting worse),"
508:
472:
1197:(Lewiston, New York; Queenston, Ontario; Lampeter, Wales: Edwin Mellen Press, 2008). Kathryn Shevelow,
1083:
786:
688:(1828–1888) who served in that position from 1875 to 1877 and was succeeded by Lieutenant-Governor Sir
681:(1813–1892), a prominent Jewish philanthropist and businessman, and Dr Robert Tracy Wylde (1811–1903).
401:
299:
2806:
2172:
1138:
915:
42:
684:
Abrahams served as the first honorary secretary. The Society's first president was the Governor Sir
731:
670:
617:
500:
484:
2266:
871:
A History of Attitudes and Behaviours Toward Animals in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Britain
336:, London to create a Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The meeting was chaired by
1057:
581:
2572:
1957:
1286:
1252:, Vol. VIII New Series No. XLIII (April 1821), p 33. See comments on these notices in Shevelow,
2760:
2118:
1689:
1656:
1608:
713:
546:
329:
should be created and at which Broome was named its Secretary but the attempt was short-lived.
2290:
2026:
265:
of a national RSPCA body. The first meeting of the RSPCA Australia was held in February 1981.
2497:
970:
598:
408:
2633:
790:
577:
448:
393:
382:
341:
337:
2370:
8:
830:
493:
345:
1360:
Law and History: A Collection of Papers Presented at the 1989 Law and History Conference
541:
RSPCA Victoria was established on 4 July 1871. Its founding president was the prominent
2597:
2007:
1555:; also see Stefan Petrow, "Civilising Mission: Animal Protection in Hobart 1878-1914,"
782:
646:
1223:
On Martin's career including his anti-cruelty to animals campaign see Peter Phillips,
1164:
2559:
Also see Stefan Petrow, "Civilising Mission: Animal Protection in Hobart 1878-1914,"
2449:
1972:
1898:
1886:
1866:
1854:
1842:
1822:
1810:
1785:
1765:
1753:
1569:
1029:
1008:
994:
980:
956:
936:
902:
888:
874:
873:(Lewiston, New York; Queenston, Ontario; Lampeter, Wales: Edwin Mellen Press, 2008).
353:
233:
188:
37:
2888:
2045:
812:
685:
678:
673:(1823–1902) who was a renowned philanthropist and a prominent active member in the
2781:
2352:, Tuesday 29 July 1873, p 4. On Sir Alfred Stephen's life also see J. M. Bennett,
2815:
2769:
2748:
2730:
2663:
2640:
2604:
2581:
2481:
2456:
2405:
2377:
2337:
2273:
2071:
2052:
2033:
2014:
1995:
1964:
1944:
1930:
1916:
1737:
1714:
1696:
1663:
1640:
1595:
1576:
1552:
1529:
1505:
1469:
1446:
1112:
489:
361:
2628:
On Musgrave's life also see H. J. Gibbney, 'Musgrave, Sir Anthony (1828–1888)',
2741:
1633:
1588:
825:
693:
642:
629:
605:
573:
369:
365:
253:
2113:
1750:
Why Animals Matter: Animal consciousness, animal welfare, and human well-being
1284:
Fragments in Defence of Animals , and Essays on Morals, Souls and Future State
2948:
2141:
1748:
Different understandings on sentience are discussed in Marian Stamp Dawkins,
512:
419:
349:
322:
294:
1730:
965:
Stefan Petrow, "Civilizing Mission: Animal Protection in Hobart 1878-1914,"
1522:
769:
721:
650:
290:
2142:"RSPCA Purple Cross and certificate of award to Simpson's donkey 'Murphy'"
2214:"REGULATION OF ANIMAL WELFARE IN AUSTRALIA AND THE EMERGENT COMMONWEALTH"
286:
282:
2523:
2064:
1988:
1615:, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
519:' also received the Purple Cross Award, at the Australian War Memorial.
928:
795:
which is managed by the territory government Animal Welfare Authority.
460:
456:
356:, Rev. George Bonner (1784–1840), Rev. George Avery Hatch (1757–1837),
2914:
2463:, (Brisbane: Queensland Society for the Prevention of Cruelty, 1951).
2162:
Includes photographs of the medal's obverse, reverse and certificate.
1782:
Vexing Nature? On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology
1021:, (Brisbane: Queensland Society for the Prevention of Cruelty, 1951).
820:
566:
504:
444:
1521:(Hawthorndene, South Australia: Investigator Press, 1988); also see
1362:
ed. Suzanne Corcoran (Adelaide: University of Adelaide, 1989), p 24.
2122:. No. 12, 151. Victoria, Australia. 9 February 1915. p. 3
1199:
For the Love of Animals: the Rise of the Animal Protection Movement
1005:
For The Love of Animals: The Rise of the Animal Protection Movement
542:
434:
423:
314:
2965:
Non-profit organisations based in the Australian Capital Territory
2380:. Also see an example of a news report "Animals Protection Bill,"
1189:
For detailed discussion on the British background see Hilda Kean,
836:
Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
781:
Unlike other state RSPCAs, RSPCA Darwin does not cover the entire
368:. Broome was appointed as the Society's first honorary secretary.
89:
2915:"Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries - Animal Welfare"
1291:
A Century of Work For Animals: The History of the RSPCA 1824-1934
923:
A Century of Work for Animals: The History of the RSPCA 1824-1934
452:
278:
2278:
Sir William Stawell: Second Chief Justice of Victoria, 1857-1886
1358:
Philip Jamieson, "Animal Welfare: A Movement in Transition,' in
1302:
A complete list of the founder members is recorded in Gompertz,
1191:
Animal Rights: Political and Social Change in Britain since 1800
933:
Animal Rights: Political and Social Change in Britain since 1800
639:
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Tasmania
604:
In 1888 the Society established for the education of youth the
273:
The Australian-based RSPCA societies owe their origins to the
2315:
Also see his autobiography Dr Hugh Wirth with Anne Crawford,
1851:
The Longest Struggle: Animal Advocacy from Pythagoras to PETA
665:
516:
464:
317:. c. 71), and was drafted by the Irish politician and lawyer
1248:, 17 February 1821, p 3. Similarly see "Cruelty to Animals"
1244:
Vol. 51 April 1, 1821 p 3. "The Brute Species". "Notice" in
677:
church. The two principal organisers of the meeting were Mr
210:
2937:
2371:
Australian National University, accessed online 17 May 2017
1519:
Hear The Other Side: The RSPCA in South Australia 1875-1988
887:(Hawthorndene, South Australia: Investigator Press, 1988).
885:
Hear The Other Side: The RSPCA in South Australia 1875-1988
2657:
Australian National University,accessed online 24 May 2017
2634:
Australian National University,accessed online 24 May 2017
2598:
Australian National University,accessed online 24 May 2017
2354:
Sir Alfred Stephen: Third Chief Justice of New South Wales
1969:
Backlash: Australia's Conflict of Values Over Live Exports
407:
A Women's section of the RSPCA in Australia was formed by
1372:
Clarence and Richmond Examiner and New England Advertiser
2365:
See Martha Rutledge, "Stephen, Sir Alfred (1802–1894),"
2276:, accessed online 23 May 2017. Also see J. M. Bennett,
1839:
Animal Revolution: Changing Attitudes Towards Speciesism
413:
Women's Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
2859:"Canberra RSPCA chief executive Michael Linke resigns"
230:
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
645:(1823–1891) and other prominent figures included Sir
483:
The RSPCA Purple Cross Award was first awarded to an
438:
RSPCA ambulance driver with injured dog, Sydney, 1935
2751:, RSPCA Western Australia. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
2197:. Agence France-Presse. 5 April 2011. Archived from
2195:"Australian military dog awarded rare bravery medal"
1484:(Burwood East, Victoria: RSPCA Victoria, 2006), p 5.
802:
2416:"Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals"
1784:(Boston; Dordrecht; London: Kluwer Academic, 2000)
1315:"Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals"
2827:Tom McLlroy, Noel Towell & (16 October 2013).
306:(1750–1823) but the proposed Bills were defeated.
1865:(Malden, Massachusetts; Oxford: Blackwell, 2006)
1821:(Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011)
649:(1812–1880) and the Anglican Dean of Hobart Rev.
616:In 2016, RSPCA Queensland was a recipient of the
507:during World War 1 (1915)'. On 5 April 2011, the
2946:
1139:"How We Govern Ourselves | RSPCA Australia"
955:(Burwood East, Victoria: RSPCA Victoria, 2006).
447:(the capacity to experience emotions and pain),
392:(SPCA) in Australia was formed in the colony of
390:Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
1764:(Novato, California: New World Library, 2007).
499:On 19 May 1997, the RSPCA posthumously awarded
1482:For All Creatures: A History of RSPCA Victoria
1028:(Sydney; Melbourne: Allen & Unwin, 2012).
953:For All Creatures: A History of RSPCA Victoria
1837:For a general overview see Richard D. Ryder,
1193:(London: Reaktion Books, 2000). Rob Boddice,
522:
2692:, pp 84-85. Also see "Our Humble Subjects,"
2592:S. R. Parr, 'Colton, Sir John (1823–1902)',
1807:The Costs and Benefits of Animal Experiments
2826:
1046:
2130:– via National Library of Australia.
1289:. Edward G. Fairholme and Wellesley Pain,
979:(Tunbridge Wells, Kent: Parapress, 2003).
707:
2829:"Warnings about RSPCA ignored, say staff"
2742:HISTORY OF THE RSPCA IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA
2516:
2398:Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979
2330:Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986
1971:(Braidwood NSW: Finlay Lloyd Book, 2016)
1271:Valiant Crusade: The History of the RSPCA
1227:(Tunbridge Wells, Kent: Parapress, 2003).
1107:
1105:
727:Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1912
586:Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979
555:Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
1936:Australian Animal Protection Law Journal
1908:Australian Animal Protection Law Journal
1841:, Rev Ed (Oxford; New York: Berg, 2000)
1809:(Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011)
1752:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012)
1540:See "Prevention of Cruelty to Animals,"
921:Edward G. Fairholme and Wellesley Pain,
660:
576:(1802–1894) who had served as the Third
560:
433:
1883:Animal Law in Australia and New Zealand
899:Animal Law in Australia and New Zealand
2947:
1893:; Peter Sankoff and Steven White Eds.
1863:In Defense of Animals: The Second Wave
1805:See different views in Andrew Knight,
1606:
1293:(London: John Murray, 1934), pp 54-55.
1157:
1102:
989:Peter Sankoff & Steven White eds.
848:Animal welfare and rights in Australia
375:
16:Australian animal welfare organisation
2921:from the original on 24 January 2014.
2869:from the original on 31 December 2013
2356:(Sydney: The Federation Press, 2009).
2280:(Sydney: The Federation Press, 2004).
2230:from the original on 12 February 2014
2173:"RSPCA awards Sarbi the Purple Cross"
1897:(Sydney: The Federation Press, 2009)
1651:"Talk of the Week. Jubilee of RSPCA"
947:PhD Thesis, University of Sydney 1993
580:. During his time as a member of the
478:
268:
2895:from the original on 26 January 2014
2788:from the original on 26 January 2014
2552:"Prevention of Cruelty to Animals,"
2534:from the original on 23 October 2014
2348:"Prevention of Cruelty to Animals,"
2152:from the original on 16 January 2016
1609:"Levvy, Frances Deborah (1831–1924)"
1493:"Prevention of Cruelty to Animals,"
422:was given to the WA SPCA in 1920 by
132:Deakin, Australian Capital Territory
20:
2960:Animal charities based in Australia
2839:from the original on 8 January 2014
2494:"2016 Queensland Greats recipients"
2474:Animal Care and Protection Act 2001
1819:Ethics and Animals: An Introduction
1076:
611:Animal Care and Protection Act 2001
591:
372:bestowed the Royal Prefix in 1840.
13:
2653:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2630:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2594:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2367:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2319:(Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2012).
2263:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2146:Australian War Memorial Collection
1613:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1119:from the original on 21 April 2017
1090:from the original on 17 March 2019
993:(Sydney: Federation Press, 2009).
429:
311:Cruel Treatment of Cattle Act 1822
14:
2981:
2970:Organizations established in 1981
2929:
2317:Doctor Hugh: My Life With Animals
2297:from the original on 4 March 2014
2211:
2148:. Australian War Memorial. 1997.
1967:; Bidda Jones and Julian Davies,
1885:(Sydney: Thomson Reuters, 2010)
1343:Sydney Gazette and NSW Advertiser
1026:Doctor Hugh: My Life With Animals
901:(Sydney: Thomson Reuters, 2010).
623:
536:
531:
2955:1981 establishments in Australia
2655:, National Centre of Biography,
2632:, National Centre of Biography,
2596:, National Centre of Biography,
2504:from the original on 31 May 2017
2369:, National Centre of Biography,
2265:, National Centre of Biography,
1989:RSPCA Australia enough is enough
1459:The Inquirer and Commercial News
1171:from the original on 4 July 2014
1145:from the original on 4 July 2014
1064:from the original on 22 May 2014
935:(London: Reaktion Books, 2000).
805:
381:passed in Tasmania (then called
88:
25:
2907:
2881:
2851:
2820:
2800:
2774:
2754:
2735:
2715:
2702:
2682:
2669:
2645:
2622:
2609:
2586:
2566:
2546:
2486:
2466:
2442:
2426:
2410:
2390:
2359:
2342:
2322:
2309:
2283:
2255:
2242:
2205:
2187:
2165:
2134:
2106:
2076:
2057:
2038:
2019:
2000:
1981:
1958:"A Bloody Business" 30 May 2011
1950:
1875:
1831:
1799:
1774:
1742:
1719:
1701:
1682:
1669:
1645:
1626:
1600:
1581:
1562:
1534:
1511:
1487:
1474:
1451:
1429:
1413:
1397:
1381:
1365:
1352:
1335:
1322:
1309:
1304:Fragments in Defence of Animals
1296:
1276:
1259:
1240:, 6 March 1821 p 288. Also see
1024:Hugh Wirth with Anne Crawford,
853:
785:(dealing only with the city of
776:
597:included the Brisbane mayor Mr
2421:Tuesday 12 September 1876, p 3
2267:Australian National University
1762:The Emotional Lives of Animals
1287:(London: Horsell, 1852), p 174
1230:
1217:
1204:
1183:
1131:
1054:"Rspca Australia Incorporated"
1007:(New York: Henry Holt, 2008).
734:in 1914, and in 1920 received
302:(1729–1805) and the latter by
285:), and cultural amusements of
1:
2437:Saturday 25 August 1883, p 17
1708:Tasmanian Government Archives
1463:Wednesday 24 August 1892, p 2
1393:Thursday 14 February 1861 p 5
1330:A Century of Work for Animals
1201:(New York: Henry Holt, 2008).
1039:
718:Governor of Western Australia
609:cruelty are specified in the
492:to provide equipment for the
1376:Tuesday 12 January 1864, p 2
1347:Sunday 24 March 1805, pp 2-3
1273:(London: Cassell, 1961), 22.
925:(London: John Murray, 1934).
758:
745:
398:Australian Capital Territory
334:Old Slaughter's Coffee House
246:
7:
2459:. Also see Elizabeth Webb,
2065:Jumps racing must be banned
1440:Saturday 31 July 1875, p 2.
859:"Animals Protection Bill,"
798:
45:. The specific problem is:
10:
2986:
2557:Saturday 20 July 1878, p 2
2084:"RSPCA Purple Cross Award"
1853:(New York: Lantern, 2007)
1546:Saturday 20 July 1878, p 2
1425:Saturday 13 July 1867, p 5
627:
564:
523:Animal welfare enforcement
300:William Johnstone Pulteney
259:
2889:"RSPCA Darwin - About Us"
2376:21 September 2015 at the
2350:The Sydney Morning Herald
1895:Animal Law in Australasia
1495:The Sydney Morning Herald
1405:South Australian Register
1084:"How We Govern Ourselves"
991:Animal Law in Australasia
509:Australian special forces
205:
195:
182:
172:
162:
152:
138:
127:
119:
111:
96:
87:
2814:18 February 2017 at the
2747:19 February 2017 at the
2480:18 February 2017 at the
2404:17 February 2017 at the
1994:23 February 2017 at the
1639:19 February 2017 at the
1594:19 February 2017 at the
1499:Friday 11 July 1873, p 4
1409:Monday 1 April 1867, p 2
971:Available to subscribers
666:RSPCA in South Australia
618:Queensland Greats Awards
485:Australian Silky Terrier
360:, John Gilbert Meymott,
2808:Animal Welfare Act 1992
2768:25 January 2016 at the
2762:Animal Welfare Act 2002
2723:Animal Welfare Act 1985
2580:25 January 2016 at the
2574:Animal Welfare Act 1993
2382:Illustrated Sydney News
2336:5 February 2017 at the
1929:1 February 2017 at the
1551:4 December 2017 at the
1504:4 December 2017 at the
1269:, 268; Arthur W. Moss,
1267:For The Love of Animals
1254:For the Love of Animals
1212:For the Love of Animals
1058:Government of Australia
861:Illustrated Sydney News
753:Animal Welfare Act 1992
740:Animal Welfare Act 2002
708:RSPCA Western Australia
702:Animal Welfare Act 1985
655:Animal Welfare Act 1993
582:NSW Legislative Council
2782:"RSPCA ACT - About Us"
2639:23 August 2017 at the
2432:"Cruelty to Animals,"
2119:The Herald (Melbourne)
2114:"PURPLE CROSS HOISTED"
1924:15, 1 (2007): pp 29-42
1915:11 August 2017 at the
1796:76 (2011): pp 167-196.
1780:See Gary L. Comstock,
1713:6 October 2017 at the
1695:6 October 2017 at the
1662:6 October 2017 at the
1607:MacCulloch, Jennifer,
1419:"Cruelty to Animals,"
1403:"Cruelty to Animals,"
1387:"Cruelty to Animals,"
547:William Foster Stawell
501:Private John Simpson's
439:
2603:6 August 2017 at the
2561:Britain and the World
2498:Queensland Government
2455:30 March 2017 at the
2272:19 April 2017 at the
2070:17 April 2017 at the
2051:12 March 2017 at the
1963:28 April 2017 at the
1943:9 August 2017 at the
1575:30 March 2017 at the
1557:Britain and the World
1250:The Sporting Magazine
967:Britain and the World
690:William F. D. Jervois
661:RSPCA South Australia
599:Abram Robertson Byram
561:RSPCA New South Wales
437:
409:Frances Deborah Levvy
178:CEO - Richard Mussell
2729:4 March 2017 at the
2697:13 October 1945, p 8
2662:5 March 2017 at the
2291:"Board of Directors"
2201:on 18 February 2014.
2008:End the Battery Cage
1328:Fairholme and Pain,
1242:The Monthly Magazine
1236:"To Correspondents"
578:Chief Justice of NSW
344:MP, Richard Martin,
342:Sir James Mackintosh
338:Thomas Fowell Buxton
52:improve this article
41:to meet Knowledge's
2865:. 16 October 2013.
2710:Hear The Other Side
2690:Hear The Other Side
2677:Hear The Other Side
2617:Hear The Other Side
2563:5 (2012): pp 69-95.
2032:6 June 2017 at the
2013:6 June 2017 at the
1922:Society and Animals
1861:. Peter Singer Ed.
1736:6 June 2017 at the
1677:Hear The Other Side
1559:5 (2012): pp 69-95.
1528:1 July 2017 at the
1167:. RSPCA Australia.
1115:. RSPCA Australia.
1086:. RSPCA Australia.
916:8/3 (2000): 265-285
913:Society and Animals
863:24 July 1875, p 2.
831:RSPCA Animal Rescue
494:Light Horse Brigade
475:) in horse racing.
376:Australian Colonies
346:William Wilberforce
232:) is an Australian
84:
2863:The Canberra Times
2833:The Canberra Times
2530:. RSPCA Tasmania.
2293:. RSPCA Victoria.
2221:Federal Law Review
2027:Makeover the World
1938:5 (2011): pp 26-43
1657:15 March 1923, p 9
1468:7 May 2018 at the
1445:7 May 2018 at the
1003:Kathryn Shevelow,
792:Animal Welfare Act
783:Northern Territory
675:Wesleyan Methodist
647:James Milne Wilson
479:Purple Cross Award
440:
269:British Background
82:
2450:rspca qld history
2385:24 July 1875, p 2
2250:For All Creatures
1891:978 0 455 22618 7
1881:See Deborah Cao,
1871:978-1-4051-1941-2
1859:978-1-59056-106-5
1847:978-1-85973-330-1
1827:978-0-521-71773-1
1815:978-1-137-28968-1
1770:978-1-57731-629-9
1758:978-0-19-958782-7
1729:, p 97; also see
1727:For All Creatures
1632:see time-line at
1517:Wallace B. Budd,
1480:Barbara Pertzel,
1319:28 June 1824 p 2.
1034:978 1 74331 104 2
1013:978-0-8050-9024-6
969:5 (2012): 69–95.
951:Barbara Pertzel,
907:978 0 455 22618 7
883:Wallace B. Budd,
879:978-0-7734-4903-9
383:Van Dieman's Land
354:John Ashley Warre
234:peak organisation
223:
222:
80:
79:
72:
43:quality standards
34:This article may
2977:
2941:
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2182:
2180:
2175:. Defence.gov.au
2169:
2163:
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2157:
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2131:
2129:
2127:
2110:
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2103:
2101:
2099:
2090:. Archived from
2080:
2074:
2061:
2055:
2042:
2036:
2023:
2017:
2004:
1998:
1985:
1979:
1954:
1948:
1903:978 186287 719 1
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1427:
1421:The Queenslander
1417:
1411:
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1379:
1369:
1363:
1356:
1350:
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1326:
1320:
1313:
1307:
1300:
1294:
1282:Lewis Gompertz,
1280:
1274:
1263:
1257:
1238:The Kaleidoscope
1234:
1228:
1221:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1161:
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1154:
1152:
1150:
1141:. Rspca.org.au.
1135:
1129:
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1109:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1050:
1017:Elizabeth Webb,
999:978 186287 719 1
975:Peter Phillips,
815:
813:Australia portal
810:
809:
808:
714:William Robinson
686:Anthony Musgrave
679:Abraham Abrahams
592:RSPCA Queensland
358:Sir James Graham
219:
216:
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107:
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92:
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2816:Wayback Machine
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2780:
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2770:Wayback Machine
2759:
2755:
2749:Wayback Machine
2740:
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2731:Wayback Machine
2720:
2716:
2707:
2703:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2670:
2664:Wayback Machine
2650:
2646:
2641:Wayback Machine
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2623:
2614:
2610:
2605:Wayback Machine
2591:
2587:
2582:Wayback Machine
2571:
2567:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2528:rspcatas.org.au
2524:"What Do We Do"
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2482:Wayback Machine
2471:
2467:
2457:Wayback Machine
2447:
2443:
2431:
2427:
2415:
2411:
2406:Wayback Machine
2395:
2391:
2378:Wayback Machine
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2343:
2338:Wayback Machine
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2323:
2314:
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2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:Wayback Machine
2260:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2216:
2212:White, Steven.
2210:
2206:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2155:
2153:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2094:on 19 July 2011
2088:RSPCA Australia
2082:
2081:
2077:
2072:Wayback Machine
2062:
2058:
2053:Wayback Machine
2046:Whips in Racing
2043:
2039:
2034:Wayback Machine
2024:
2020:
2015:Wayback Machine
2005:
2001:
1996:Wayback Machine
1986:
1982:
1965:Wayback Machine
1955:
1951:
1945:Wayback Machine
1931:Wayback Machine
1917:Wayback Machine
1880:
1876:
1849:. Norm Phelps,
1836:
1832:
1804:
1800:
1794:Rural Sociology
1779:
1775:
1760:. Marc Bekoff,
1747:
1743:
1738:Wayback Machine
1724:
1720:
1715:Wayback Machine
1706:
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1697:Wayback Machine
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1470:Wayback Machine
1457:"General News"
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748:
736:royal patronage
730:. The SPCA was
710:
663:
651:Henry B. Bromby
632:
626:
594:
569:
563:
539:
534:
525:
490:First World War
481:
432:
430:RSPCA Australia
378:
362:William Mudford
271:
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83:RSPCA Australia
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1956:Four Corners,
1949:
1910:1 (2008): 9-14
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1817:. Lori Gruen,
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643:Frederick Weld
635:RSPCA Tasmania
630:RSPCA Tasmania
628:Main article:
625:
624:RSPCA Tasmania
622:
593:
590:
588:(as amended).
574:Alfred Stephen
565:Main article:
562:
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537:RSPCA Victoria
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532:State branches
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366:Lewis Gompertz
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1984:
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1977:9780994516503
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1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:
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1802:
1795:
1791:
1790:0-7923-7987-X
1787:
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1777:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:See Pertzel,
1722:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1678:
1672:
1665:
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1400:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1361:
1355:
1348:
1344:
1341:See "Sydney"
1338:
1331:
1325:
1318:
1312:
1306:, pp 174-175.
1305:
1299:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1256:, pp 267-268.
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1214:, pp 201-240.
1213:
1207:
1200:
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986:
985:1-898594-76-7
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978:
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968:
964:
962:
961:0 646 46078 1
958:
954:
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941:9781861890610
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927:
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900:
897:Deborah Cao,
896:
894:
893:0 85864 112 7
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869:Rob Boddice,
868:
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857:
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696:(1802–1883).
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606:Band of Mercy
602:
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583:
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558:
557:(as amended)
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513:detection dog
510:
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323:Arthur Broome
320:
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2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
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2790:. Retrieved
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2553:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2527:
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2506:. Retrieved
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2324:
2316:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2285:
2277:
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2257:
2249:
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2220:
2207:
2199:the original
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2167:
2154:. Retrieved
2145:
2136:
2124:. Retrieved
2117:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:the original
2087:
2078:
2059:
2040:
2021:
2002:
1983:
1968:
1952:
1935:
1921:
1907:
1894:
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1731:rspcavic.org
1726:
1721:
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1647:
1628:
1619:13 September
1617:, retrieved
1612:
1602:
1583:
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1317:Morning Post
1316:
1311:
1303:
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1246:Morning Post
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1224:
1219:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1092:. Retrieved
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1048:
1025:
1018:
1004:
990:
976:
966:
952:
932:
922:
912:
898:
884:
870:
865:available at
860:
854:Bibliography
841:
840:
791:
780:
777:RSPCA Darwin
770:United Voice
766:
762:
752:
749:
739:
732:incorporated
726:
722:Titus Lander
711:
701:
698:
683:
664:
654:
638:
634:
633:
615:
610:
603:
595:
585:
570:
554:
540:
526:
498:
482:
473:steeplechase
469:
449:conservation
441:
417:
412:
406:
400:in 1955 and
387:
379:
331:
327:
308:
304:Lord Erskine
291:bull-baiting
272:
263:
250:
241:
238:
229:
225:
224:
168:Jan Edwards
154:Membership
128:Headquarters
120:Legal status
66:
60:October 2021
57:
50:Please help
46:
35:
18:
2554:The Mercury
1634:rspcawa.org
1589:rspcawa.org
1542:The Mercury
1523:rspcasa.org
1436:The Mercury
671:John Colton
511:explosives
287:fox-hunting
283:vivisection
191:100 million
134:, Australia
54:if you can.
2949:Categories
2899:24 January
2873:24 January
2843:24 January
2792:24 January
2538:23 October
2179:13 October
1679:, pp 94-95
1653:Table Talk
1265:Shevelow,
1210:Shevelow,
1113:"About Us"
1040:References
929:Hilda Kean
461:vegetarian
457:omnivorous
388:The first
174:Key people
2248:Pertzel,
1389:The Argus
1165:"Mission"
1094:13 August
821:RSPCA NSW
759:Criticism
746:RSPCA ACT
567:RSPCA NSW
505:Gallipoli
445:sentience
404:in 1965.
247:Objective
115:Peak body
97:Formation
2919:Archived
2893:Archived
2867:Archived
2837:Archived
2812:Archived
2786:Archived
2766:Archived
2745:Archived
2727:Archived
2712:, p 104.
2660:Archived
2637:Archived
2601:Archived
2578:Archived
2532:Archived
2502:Archived
2478:Archived
2453:Archived
2434:The Week
2402:Archived
2374:Archived
2334:Archived
2295:Archived
2270:Archived
2234:4 August
2225:Archived
2156:17 April
2150:Archived
2126:30 March
2068:Archived
2049:Archived
2030:Archived
2011:Archived
1992:Archived
1961:Archived
1941:Archived
1927:Archived
1913:Archived
1734:Archived
1711:Archived
1693:Archived
1660:Archived
1637:Archived
1592:Archived
1573:Archived
1549:Archived
1526:Archived
1502:Archived
1466:Archived
1443:Archived
1169:Archived
1143:Archived
1117:Archived
1088:Archived
1062:Archived
842:General:
799:See also
543:Anglican
394:Victoria
315:3 Geo. 4
256:issues.
184:Budget
139:Location
36:require
2301:4 March
2098:17 July
1149:19 July
453:ecology
279:England
260:History
206:Website
197:Staff
123:Charity
102: (
38:cleanup
2708:Budd,
2688:Budd,
2679:, p 25
2675:Budd,
2619:, p 15
2615:Budd,
2508:31 May
2252:, p 5.
1975:
1901:
1889:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1825:
1813:
1788:
1768:
1756:
1690:RQSPCA
1675:Budd,
1332:, p 89
1175:22 May
1123:1 June
1068:22 May
1032:
1011:
997:
983:
959:
939:
905:
891:
877:
787:Darwin
716:, the
402:Darwin
364:, and
213:.rspca
2228:(PDF)
2217:(PDF)
517:Sarbi
465:vegan
164:Chair
2901:2014
2875:2014
2845:2014
2794:2014
2540:2014
2510:2017
2448:See
2303:2014
2236:2014
2181:2013
2158:2012
2128:2018
2100:2011
2063:See
2044:See
2025:See
2006:See
1987:See
1973:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1867:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1823:ISBN
1811:ISBN
1786:ISBN
1766:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1688:See
1621:2023
1587:See
1568:see
1177:2014
1151:2014
1125:2017
1096:2019
1070:2014
1030:ISBN
1009:ISBN
995:ISBN
981:ISBN
957:ISBN
937:ISBN
903:ISBN
889:ISBN
875:ISBN
551:KGSJ
545:Sir
463:and
451:and
418:The
293:and
275:SPCA
215:.org
112:Type
104:1981
100:1981
277:in
217:.au
211:www
189:A$
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