364:
452:. As the ROM cartridge is memory mapped into the system's normal address space, software stored in the ROM can be read like normal memory; since the system does not have to transfer data from slower media, it allows for nearly instant load time and code execution. Software run directly from ROM typically uses less RAM, leaving memory free for other processes. While the standard size of optical media dictates a minimum size for devices which can read discs, ROM cartridges can be manufactured in different sizes, allowing for smaller devices like
116:
227:
269:
575:
484:
433:
40:
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480:
storage capacity and the lower cost of optical media. Another source of pressure in this direction was that optical media could be manufactured in much smaller batches than cartridges; releasing a cartridge video game on the other hand inevitably includes the risk of producing thousands of unsold cartridges.
323:
in favor of small cartridge-based media. These cartridges are known as Game Cards like previous
Nintendo handhelds, and are much smaller and thinner than previous cartridges for consoles as well as Nintendo's own Game Cards for their DS/3DS handhelds. It uses a form of flash memory technology similar
479:
were employed to be able to use cartridges with a capacity higher than the amount of memory directly addressable by the processor. As video games became more complex (and the size of their code grew), software manufacturers began sacrificing the quick load times of ROM cartridges in favor of greater
163:
family of programmable scientific calculators used interchangeable ROM cartridges that could be installed in a slot at the back of the calculator. The calculator came with a module that provides several standard mathematical functions including the solution of simultaneous equations. Other modules
99:
of software. However, the manufacturing of ROM cartridges was more expensive than floppy disks, and the storage capacity was smaller. ROM cartridges and slots were also used for various hardware accessories and enhancements.
456:. ROM cartridges can be damaged, but they are generally more robust and resistant to damage than optical media; accumulation of dirt and dust on the cartridge contacts can cause problems, but cleaning the contacts with an
119:
TI-59 programmable calculator with ROM software library module at right, showing gold-plated contacts. Via the modules, software for a broad spectrum of applications could be bought, even for navigational calculations at
467:
comes on two cartridges and a floppy disk. ROM cartridges are typically more expensive to manufacture than discs, and storage space available on a cartridge is less than that of an optical disc like a
1323:
1144:, Richard K. Balaska, Robert L. Hunter, and Scott S. Robinson, "Memory system including RAM and page switchable ROM", issued 1984-11-27, assigned to CBS Inc.
1247:
223:, also used ROM cartridges. Cassettes and floppy disks cost less than ROM cartridges and some memory cards were sold as an inexpensive alternative to ROM cartridges.
1341:
1570:
328:
with larger storage space. As of 2024, Nintendo is the only major company to exclusively use cartridges for their consoles and handhelds, as others such as
510:
Besides their prominent usage on video game consoles, ROM cartridges have also been used on a small number of electronic musical instruments, particularly
249:
cards to turn on and off certain electronics inside the console. A modern take on game cartridges was invented by
Wallace Kirschner, Lawrence Haskel and
164:
were specialized for financial calculations, or other subject areas, and even a "games" module. Modules were not user-programmable. The
Hewlett-Packard
95:
in a home computer; in a video game console, the cartridges are standalone. At the time around their release, ROM cartridges provided security against
1503:
851:
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235:
1300:
The
Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokemon--The Story Behind the Craze That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World
300:
in the DS/3DS line of handhelds. These cartridges are much smaller and thinner than previous cartridges, and use the more modern
239:
1708:
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284:
technology came to be widely used for data storage, most hardware companies moved from cartridges to CD-based game systems.
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885:
375:
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ports. This allowed players to have up to four gamepads connected to the console without the need for an additional
103:
The widespread usage of the ROM cartridge in video gaming applications has led it to be often colloquially called a
1738:
374:
ROM cartridges can not only carry software, but additional hardware expansions as well. Examples include various
684:
1450:
871:
82:
17:
1733:
1419:
1529:
1141:
347:, 310,000 home video game cartridges were sold in the United States. Between 1983 and 2013, a total of
28:
497:
1594:
1495:
1378:
444:
Storing software on ROM cartridges has a number of advantages over other methods of storage like
250:
1056:
520:
has made several models with such features, with their DX synthesizer in the 1980s, such as the
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879:
808:
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363:
316:
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463:
ROM cartridges typically have less capacity than other media. The PCjr-compatible version of
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305:
184:
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70:
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8:
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which featured a special bus port for the insertion of cartridges containing software in
1614:
1429:
1408:"C7010 Chess Module Service Manual". Manuals. Internet Archive. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
783:
517:
297:
262:
246:
96:
78:
226:
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352:
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was the first video game console to feature games on interchangeable ROM cartridges.
261:
released the following year. From the late 1970s to mid-1990s, the majority of home
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905:
778:
400:
296:
in 2001. Cartridges were also used for their handheld consoles, which are known as
242:
153:
129:
88:
1712:
492:
312:
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system; the company did not transition to optical media until the release of the
137:
115:
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had expansion slots which could hold ROM memory as well as I/O expansion ports.
91:
cartridges allow users to rapidly load and access programs and data alongside a
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home console in 1976. The cartridge approach gained more popularity with the
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133:
1273:"1976: Fairchild Channel F – First ROM Cartridge Video Game System"
501:. Measures 2.2" × 2.56" × 0.32" (or 56 mm × 65 mm × 8 mm)
1599:
651:
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145:
34:
Replaceable device used for the distribution and storage of video games
268:
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solution typically resolves the problems without risk of corrosion.
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1021:
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1090:. Vol. 2, no. 4. International Data Group. pp. 2–5
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data to be played on the keyboard as MIDI sequence or song data.
468:
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325:
220:
171:
Computers using cartridges in addition to magnetic media are the
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1011:
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705:
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used cartridges when most home consoles had shifted to CD-ROMs.
409:
208:
172:
165:
132:. In most cases the designs were fairly crude, with the entire
1057:"CARTRIDGE | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
562:
was introduced. Models that used these cartridges were in the
551:
389:
320:
253:
of Alpex
Computer Corporation, first unveiled as part of the
922:
545:
532:
and their PSR keyboard lineup in the mid-1990s, namely the
329:
200:
1557:
Better Game
Characters by Design: A Psychological Approach
1553:"Interview: Ryoichi Hasegawa and Roppyaku Tsurumi of SCEJ"
1238:"The Untold Story Of The Invention Of The Game Cartridge"
972:
955:
827:
717:
529:
230:
First cartridge-like jumper card for the
Magnavox Odyssey
216:
180:
1559:. San Francisco, California: Elsevier Inc. p. 99.
1330:. Vol. 11, no. 2. November 1985. p. 150.
505:
315:
in 2017 marked the company's shift away from their own
288:
remained the lone hold-out, using cartridges for their
570:
Cartridge-based video game consoles and home computers
69:, is a replaceable part designed to be connected to a
1110:"Texas Instruments software catalog for TI-58C/TI-59"
27:"Game cartridge" redirects here. For other uses, see
534:
PSR-320, PSR-420, PSR-520, PSR-620, PSR-330, PSR-530
195:
and were not directly mapped to the system bus) and
156:
without having to first copy it into expensive RAM.
1493:
1102:
1225:. February 11, 1984 – via Internet Archive.
540:. These keyboards use specialized cards known as
1720:
304:for game data rather than built-in ROM chips on
427:
358:
1487:
57:, usually referred to in context simply as a
1456:
1462:
1081:
1267:
1265:
1059:. Dictionary.cambridge.org. May 25, 2022.
554:has also used similar cartridges known as
319:-based media after last using them in the
1342:"Consolidated Sales Transition by Region"
1162:"Chronology of the Commodore 64 Computer"
234:A precursor to modern game cartridges of
124:ROM cartridges were popularized by early
1550:
1544:
1518:
1444:
1376:
1186:
573:
482:
431:
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267:
225:
140:exposed by the port and attached via an
114:
38:
1643:
1262:
1235:
1180:
1159:
1153:
566:line of portable electronic keyboards.
14:
1721:
1686:from the original on December 17, 2016
1612:
1506:from the original on December 20, 2017
1379:"Sega's SVP Chip: The Road Not Taken?"
1134:
1063:from the original on February 27, 2023
376:cartridge-based chips on the Super NES
351:software cartridges had been sold for
1389:from the original on October 21, 2019
199:(where the cartridge was mapped into
1613:Curtis, Jason (September 26, 2017).
1297:
1279:from the original on October 3, 2018
544:, a ROM cartridge simply containing
506:Electronic musical instruments usage
1656:from the original on August 8, 2022
1644:Johnson, Jacob (November 5, 2020).
1625:from the original on March 16, 2023
1528:. Gamer's Graveyard. Archived from
1475:from the original on April 21, 2023
1420:"A Small History Of Micro Machines"
1250:from the original on April 13, 2019
240:first generation video game console
49:ROM cartridge for an Atari computer
24:
1729:Solid-state computer storage media
1573:from the original on April 8, 2022
1494:Trivette, Donald B. (April 1985).
1298:Kent, Steven (September 6, 2001).
1236:Edwards, Benj (January 22, 2015).
1187:Hoffmann, Thomas V. (March 1984).
1122:from the original on June 28, 2022
416:which incorporated two additional
25:
1750:
1702:
1203:from the original on July 1, 2017
1160:Pollson, Ken (October 30, 2008).
340:-based media for their consoles.
1377:Horowitz, Ken (March 17, 2006).
1302:. Crown. pp. 450–453, 584.
1082:Novogrodsky, Seth (April 1984).
930:SG-1000 Mark I / SG-1000 Mark II
236:second generation video consoles
1668:
1637:
1606:
1585:
1412:
1401:
1370:
1334:
1316:
1291:
685:Fairchild Camera and Instrument
1324:"The Replay Years: Enter 1976"
1229:
1215:
1075:
1049:
652:WonderSwan Color / SwanCrystal
558:in the 1980s, before Yamaha's
491:cartridge with battery-backed
83:electronic musical instruments
13:
1:
1715: (archived April 8, 2005)
1463:Cook, Karen (March 6, 1984).
1428:. No. 113. Bournemouth:
1042:
1551:Isbister, Katherine (2006).
428:Advantages and disadvantages
359:Use in hardware enhancements
154:execute the program in place
7:
1709:History of Home Video Games
1602:. May 1996. pp. 16–18.
1000:
193:Solid State Command Modules
148:directly into the system's
10:
1755:
1496:"Lotus 1-2-3 For IBM PCjr"
863:
110:
26:
1595:Electronic Gaming Monthly
1465:"Jr. Sneaks PC into Home"
1619:Museum of Obsolete Media
1615:"Yamaha Music Cartridge"
422:multi-controller adapter
317:proprietary optical disc
238:was introduced with the
191:(where they were called
152:such that the CPU could
81:or, to a lesser extent,
1739:Video game distribution
1592:"Who You Pay to Play".
835:TurboGrafx-16/PC Engine
1142:US patent 4485457A
788:Philips Videopac G7000
582:
502:
498:Pokémon Silver Version
441:
412:" cartridge design by
378:, the SVP chip in the
371:
308:for the same purpose.
277:
265:were cartridge-based.
231:
159:The Texas Instruments
121:
50:
577:
486:
475:. Techniques such as
454:handheld game systems
435:
366:
271:
229:
185:Atari 8-bit computers
118:
42:
1680:www.crumblenet.co.uk
1358:on December 20, 2013
990:Neo Geo Pocket Color
941:Genesis / Mega Drive
580:Nintendo 64 Game Pak
512:electronic keyboards
205:arcade system boards
144:; the cartridge was
97:unauthorised copying
71:consumer electronics
1734:Computer connectors
1453:Cleaning Kit manual
1168:on January 16, 2010
1084:"Plug in a Program"
966:Advanced Pico Beena
737:Interton Video 2000
658:Blaze Entertainment
495:for game saves for
367:ROM burner for the
311:The release of the
274:Fairchild Channel F
255:Fairchild Channel F
1646:"Yamaha DX Series"
1432:. pp. 60–67.
1430:Imagine Publishing
1193:Creative Computing
886:SNES/Super Famicom
784:Magnavox Odyssey 2
583:
503:
442:
406:Genesis/Mega Drive
372:
278:
263:video game systems
232:
122:
79:video game console
51:
1676:"Casio ROM Packs"
1566:978-1-55860-921-1
1526:"The SNES CD-ROM"
458:isopropyl alcohol
394:Magnavox Odyssey²
353:Nintendo consoles
73:device such as a
16:(Redirected from
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1351:. Archived from
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1223:"What MSX? (GB)"
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1164:. Archived from
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906:Game Boy Advance
779:Magnavox Odyssey
542:Music Cartridges
401:Micro Machines 2
350:
349:2,910.72 million
336:continue to use
243:Magnavox Odyssey
21:
1754:
1753:
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1713:Wayback Machine
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1650:Perfect Circuit
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1598:. No. 82.
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578:A disassembled
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560:Music Cartridge
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408:used a custom "
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313:Nintendo Switch
245:in 1972, using
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1703:External links
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1502:. p. 63.
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1471:. p. 35.
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392:module in the
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142:edge connector
126:home computers
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1275:. CED Magic.
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18:ROM Cartridge
1688:. Retrieved
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1658:. Retrieved
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1627:. Retrieved
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1593:
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1577:February 26,
1575:. Retrieved
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1536:February 26,
1534:. Retrieved
1530:the original
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1508:. Retrieved
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1362:December 20,
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1353:the original
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1283:February 26,
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1252:. Retrieved
1243:Fast Company
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1205:. Retrieved
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1172:February 26,
1170:. Retrieved
1166:the original
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1124:. Retrieved
1104:
1092:. Retrieved
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1065:. Retrieved
1051:
971:
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921:
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916:Pokémon Mini
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846:Nikko Europe
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443:
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383:
380:Sega Genesis
373:
342:
338:optical disc
310:
302:flash memory
282:compact disc
279:
251:Jerry Lawson
233:
192:
177:Commodore 64
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104:
102:
93:floppy drive
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62:
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46:Star Raiders
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36:
1510:January 26,
1479:October 24,
1469:PC Magazine
1425:Retro Gamer
1126:February 9,
1037:Memory card
911:Virtual Boy
891:Nintendo 64
872:NES/Famicom
821:Microvision
711:Smart Cycle
601:Atari, Inc.
465:Lotus 1-2-3
414:Codemasters
382:version of
369:Nintendo DS
324:to that of
290:Nintendo 64
1723:Categories
1600:Ziff Davis
1189:"IBM PCjr"
1043:References
937:/ Mark III
880:Terminator
874:(with its
864:See also:
647:WonderSwan
623:Atari XEGS
618:Atari 7800
613:Atari 5200
608:Atari 2600
487:An opened
298:Game Cards
259:Atari 2600
207:, such as
138:data buses
1438:1742-3155
1207:April 15,
1199:(3): 74.
1007:ROM image
995:Neo Geo X
946:Game Gear
852:digiBLAST
692:Channel F
564:Casiotone
536:and the
334:Microsoft
213:CP System
59:cartridge
29:Cartridge
1684:Archived
1660:June 22,
1654:Archived
1629:June 22,
1623:Archived
1571:Archived
1504:Archived
1500:Compute!
1473:Archived
1393:June 22,
1387:Archived
1349:Nintendo
1277:Archived
1254:April 6,
1248:Archived
1201:Archived
1117:Archived
1094:June 22,
1088:PC World
1061:Archived
1022:RAM pack
1001:See also
896:Game Boy
866:Game Pak
859:Nintendo
768:Magnavox
751:Leapster
744:LeapFrog
731:Interton
725:IBM PCjr
664:Evercade
556:ROM Pack
538:PSR-6000
489:Game Boy
388:, and a
326:SD cards
294:GameCube
286:Nintendo
197:IBM PCjr
189:TI-99/4A
1711:at the
1383:SEGA-16
1067:May 31,
980:Neo Geo
816:Vectrex
772:Philips
756:LeapPad
587:Amstrad
469:DVD-ROM
418:gamepad
404:on the
221:Neo Geo
134:address
111:History
1563:
1436:
1328:RePlay
1306:
1148:
1027:Currah
1012:Dongle
876:clones
795:Mattel
761:LeapTV
706:Pixter
671:Coleco
640:Bandai
633:Jaguar
518:Yamaha
473:CD-ROM
410:J-Cart
247:jumper
209:Capcom
173:VIC-20
166:HP-41C
1356:(PDF)
1345:(PDF)
1120:(PDF)
1113:(PDF)
878:like
552:Casio
390:chess
321:Wii U
161:TI-59
65:, or
1692:2016
1662:2022
1631:2022
1579:2009
1561:ISBN
1538:2009
1512:2015
1481:2013
1434:ISSN
1395:2022
1364:2013
1304:ISBN
1285:2009
1256:2021
1209:2008
1174:2009
1128:2022
1096:2022
1069:2022
951:Pico
923:Sega
628:Lynx
546:MIDI
528:and
448:and
436:The
345:1976
332:and
330:Sony
306:PCBs
272:The
215:and
201:BIOS
175:and
136:and
120:sea.
67:card
63:cart
1451:NES
973:SNK
956:32X
828:NEC
718:IBM
530:DX7
526:DX5
522:DX1
471:or
438:N64
343:In
280:As
219:'s
217:SNK
211:'s
181:MSX
130:ROM
89:ROM
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