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fears that humankind is plotting against him and sends Hathor (another daughter of Ra) to punish humanity. While slaughtering humans she takes the form of
Sekhmet. To prevent her from killing all humanity, Ra orders that beer be dyed red and poured out on the land. Mistaking the beer for blood, Sekhmet drinks it, and upon becoming intoxicated, she reverts to her pacified form, Hathor.
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where humans and divine beings coexisted. He created Shu, god of air, and the goddess of moisture, Tefnut. The siblings symbolized two universal principles of humans: life and right (justice). Ra was believed to have created all forms of life by calling them into existence by uttering their secret names. In some accounts humans were created from Ra's tears and sweat.
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respectively they were combined to create Amun-Ra, a solar creator god. It is hard to distinguish exactly when this combination happened, but references to Amun-Ra appeared in pyramid texts as early as the Fifth
Dynasty. The most common belief is that Amun-Ra was invented as a new state-deity by the
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and cross through the twelve gates and regions. On the course of the underworld journey, he transformed into his Ram headed form. Every night
Apophis attempted to attack Ra and stop the sun-boat's journey. After defeating the snake, Ra would leave the underworld, returning emerging at dawn, lighting
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The Sun is the giver of life, controlling the ripening of crops that were worked by man. Because of the life-giving qualities of the Sun, the
Egyptians worshipped the Sun as a god. The creator of the universe and the giver of life, the Sun or Ra represented life, warmth and growth. Since the people
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is another daughter of Ra. Sekhmet was depicted as a lioness or large cat, and was an "eye of Ra", or an instrument of the sun god's vengeance. In one myth, Sekhmet was so filled with rage that Ra was forced to turn her into a cow so that she would not cause unnecessary harm. In another myth, Ra
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with Benben, and from this, when it blossomed, emerged Ra. "I am Atum when he was alone in Nun, I am Ra when he dawned, when he began to rule that which he had made." This passage talks about how Atum created everything in human form out of the chaos and how Ra then began to rule over the Earth
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is another daughter of Ra. When Ra feared that humankind was plotting against him, he sent Hathor as an "eye of Ra". In one myth, Hathor danced naked in front of Ra until he laughed to cure him of a fit of sulking. When Ra was without Hathor, he fell into a state of deep depression. In the New
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or in the form of a ram. The night boat would carry him through the underworld and back towards the east in preparation for his rebirth. These myths of Ra represented the sun rising as the rebirth of the sun by the sky-goddess Nut; thus attributing the concept of rebirth and renewal to Ra and
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were dedicated to extremely detailed texts that depicted Ra's journey through the underworld. Ra was said to carry the prayers and blessings of the living with the souls of the dead on the sun-boat. The idea that Ra aged with the sun became more popular during the rise of the New
Kingdom.
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617:(the scarab beetle) and Horus (the falcon). The form in which he usually appears is that of a man with a falcon's head, which is due to his combination with Horus, another sky-god. On top of his head sits a solar disc with a cobra, which in many myths represents the
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to unite worshippers of Amun with the older cult of Ra around the 18th
Dynasty. Amun-Ra was given the official title "King of the Gods" by worshippers, and images show the combined deity as a red-eyed man with a lion's head that had a surrounding solar
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Ra-Horakhty is very present in the Book of the Dead of the 3rd
Intermediate Period. He can be seen sitting on his throne in the Book of the Dead of Nedjmet, Padikhons, Nestanebetisheru, Djedkhonsiusankh, Tameniu and in the Amduat Papyrus Inscribed for
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the day again. He was said to travel across the sky in his falcon-headed form on the
Mandjet Barque through the hours of the day, and then switch to the Mesektet Barque in his ram-headed form to descend into the underworld for the hours of the night.
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was also seen as the evening manifestation of Ra. The idea of different deities (or different aspects of Ra) ruling over different times of the day was fairly common but variable. With Khepri and Khnum taking precedence over sunrise and
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built in his honor. The rulers of the Fifth
Dynasty told their followers that they were sons of Ra himself and the wife of the high priest of Heliopolis. These pharaohs spent much of Egypt's money on sun-temples. The first
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were seen as Ra's manifestations on Earth, referred to as "Sons of Ra". Ra was called the first king of Egypt, thus it was believed pharaohs were his descendants and successors. His worship increased massively in the
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was originally a manifestation of the scorching effect of Ra, the sun – and as such often appeared under the epithet Montu-Ra. It is possible that Montu-Ra and Atum-Ra symbolized the two kingships, respectively, of
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kingdom, Ra came to be associated with the epithet "Kamutef" ('Bull of his mother') alongside Amun. As
Kamutef, he was seen as the son and husband of Hathor who impregnates his own mother to give birth to himself.
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At an early period in Egyptian history, his influence spread throughout the whole country, bringing multiple representations in form and in name. The most common form combinations are with Atum (his human form),
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regarded Ra as a principal god, creator of the universe and the source of life, he had a strong influence on them, which led to him being one of the most worshipped of all the Egyptian gods and even considered
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is rarely mentioned in the literature of Old Kingdom pyramids. This is believed by some to be a result of the Ra-worshipping people of Heliopolis being the main writers of these inscriptions.
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All forms of life were believed to have been created by Ra. In some accounts, humans were created from Ra's tears and sweat, hence the Egyptians call themselves the "Cattle of Ra". In the
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who attempted to stop the sun-boat's journey every night by consuming it or by stopping it in its tracks with a hypnotic stare. During the evening, the Egyptians believed that Ra set as
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or Raet-Tawy was a female aspect of Ra; she did not have much importance independent of him. In some myths she was considered to be either Ra's wife or his daughter, as well as
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created a serpent to poison Ra and only gave him the antidote when he revealed his true name to her. Isis passed this name on to Horus, bolstering his royal authority.
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Ra in his ram-headed form traveling through the underworld in his solar barque on the subterrestrial Nile, from the copy of the Book of Gates in the tomb of Ramses I (
559:, when Ra became too old and weary to reign on Earth he relinquished and went to the skies. As the Sun god one of his duties was to carry the Sun cross the sky on his
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He was most commonly featured with a ram's head in the Underworld. In this form, Ra is described as being the "ram of the west" or "ram in charge of his harem.
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simply refers to the sun's journey from horizon to horizon as Ra, or that it means to show Ra as a symbolic deity of hope and rebirth. (See earlier section
1152:, Ra often was the representation of midday when the sun reached its peak at noon. Sometimes different aspects of Horus were used instead of Ra's aspects.
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780:), or a man with the head of a ram. Ra was also pictured as a full-bodied ram, beetle, phoenix, heron, serpent, bull, cat, or lion, among others.
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As with most widely worshipped Egyptian deities, Ra's identity was often combined with other gods', forming an interconnection between deities.
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Atum-Ra (or Ra-Atum) was another composite deity formed from two completely separate deities; however, Ra shared more similarities with
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was a scarab beetle who rolled up the Sun in the mornings and was sometimes seen as the morning manifestation of Ra. Similarly, the
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were regarded as the father of the deities and pharaohs and were widely worshipped. In older myths, Atum was the creator of
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and is associated with Ra's instrument of vengeance, the sun-god's eye. Bastet is known for decapitating the serpent
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Ra was represented in a variety of forms. Other common forms are a man with the head of a beetle (in his form as
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1103:". It was intended to link Horakhty (as a sunrise-oriented aspect of Horus) to Ra. It has been suggested that
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In some literature, Ra is described as an aging king with golden flesh, silver bones, and hair of
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began to arise, giving Ra more and more significance in the journey of the pharaoh through the
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to light the day. But when the sun set and twilight came he and his vessel passes through the
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of the underworld. When Ra was in the underworld, he would visit all of his various forms.
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Ra on the solar barque on his daily voyage across the sky (𓇯), adorned with the sun-disk
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Jewelry of Ra as a falcon with spread wings, adorned with the sun-disk and holding the
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Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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In some myths, Ra was thought to have created almost every other Egyptian god.
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was more of a title or manifestation than a composite deity. It translates as "
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Inlay depicting the squatting Ra with the sun-disk placed atop his falcon head
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978:"Ra-Horakhty" redirects here. For the Egyptian month named in his honor, see
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or evening-boat. These boats took him on his journey through the sky and the
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2009:"Amduat Papyrus Inscribed for Nesitaset | Third Intermediate Period"
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which filled the universe. The universe was enrapt by a vast mass of
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Ra was thought to travel on the Atet, two solar barques called the
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1736:"Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths: From Watery Chaos to Cosmic Egg"
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Pyramidion of Khonsu, with the image of Ra-Horakhty in the middle.
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A woman worships Ra-Horakhty, who blesses her with rays of light.
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was a member of the Ogdoad, representing creation-energies with
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Ra was portrayed as a man with the head of most likely either a
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Abubakr, Abdel Moneim (1955). "Divine Boats of Ancient Egypt".
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While in the underworld, Ra was depicted with the head of a ram
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This article is about the Egyptian deity. For other uses, see
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2384:(rev. ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
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Patterns of queenship in ancient Egyptian myth and history
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662:(the Boat of Millions of Years) or morning-boat and the
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Pearson, Patricia O'Connell; Holdren, John (May 2021).
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The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
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The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
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around it, and shared characteristics with the sky-god
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454:. Ra ruled in all parts of the created world: the
1114:He is proclaimed king of the gods in the tomb of
726:strengthening his role as a creator god as well.
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2354:The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt
1598:The Complete Gods And Goddesses Of Ancient Egypt
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890:Ra's local cult began to grow from roughly the
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1862:The Cult of Ra: Sun-worship in ancient Egypt
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523:for the sacrificed bulls north of the city.
481:and shared characteristics with the sky-god
2314:A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
2293:Gods & Pharaohs from Egyptian Mythology
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839:. He was identified with the local sun god
802:"the Place of Pillars", later known to the
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2316:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Inc.
2154:Dancing for Hathor: Women in Ancient Egypt
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1907:. KOLKATA, INDIA: Aranyaman. p. 106.
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1219:Ra-Khepri (solar disc and scarab beetle).
688:(magic power). Sometimes, members of the
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1577:"Ra, the Sun God | Ancient Egypt Online"
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1864:. New York: Thames and Hudson, p.144.
1785:The Question of Evil in Ancient Egypt
1761:"Lotus – Sunnataram Forest Monastery"
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2380:Collier, Mark; Manley, Bill (1998).
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1787:. London: Golden House Publications.
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24:
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798:The chief cultic center of Ra was
537:
497:rose to prominence during Egypt's
25:
5023:
3939:Enigmatic Book of the Netherworld
3934:The Contendings of Horus and Seth
2389:
1555:. Psychology Press. p. 133.
965:put an end to the worship of Ra.
820:
765:, adorned with a sun disk with a
162:but was worshipped everywhere in
4926:
4925:
4189:
4066:
3982:Beautiful Festival of the Valley
2504:
2394:
2382:How to Read Egyptian Hieroglyphs
1526:from the original on 2017-12-16.
1496:. Merriam-Webster, 2007. p. 1023
1398:
1358:
1224:
1212:
963:Christianity in the Roman Empire
450:, identified primarily with the
403:
335:
2203:
2190:
2146:
2083:
2054:Dizionario della civiltà egizia
2043:
2001:
1991:"papyrus | British Museum"
1983:
1973:"papyrus | British Museum"
1965:
1955:"papyrus | British Museum"
1947:
1937:"papyrus | British Museum"
1929:
1919:"papyrus | British Museum"
1911:
1896:
1882:
1854:
1826:
1790:
1777:
1753:
1728:
368:Ancient Egyptian pronunciation:
2282:
2152:Graves-Brown, Carolyn (2004).
2092:World History: Our Human Story
2013:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1589:
1569:
1542:
1530:
1499:
1487:
1454:
954:Many acts of worship included
736:
13:
1:
2358:. London: Thames and Hudson.
1389:
1287:
1084:In later Egyptian mythology,
2297:. London: Eurobook Limited.
1108:
847:("The Nine"), consisting of
831:") and today located in the
431:
362:
27:Ancient Egyptian solar deity
7:
3924:Book of Traversing Eternity
2350:Wilkinson, Richard (2003).
2335:. Oxford University Press.
1351:
1059:, and he was born from the
753:, 13th century BC
711:Apophis, the god of chaos (
704:, who defended against the
696:, who overcame the serpent
236:(as son of Khnum and Neith)
10:
5028:
3949:Litany of the Eye of Horus
2502:
2289:Harris, Geraldine (1981).
1798:"Horus Falcon – NCMALearn"
977:
969:Relationship to other gods
815:
793:
501:, he was fused with Ra as
423:
132:
107:
77:
53:In one of his many forms,
31:
4923:
4885:
4704:
4628:
4515:
4437:
4279:
4249:
4198:
4187:
4121:
4061:
4015:
3992:Coronation of the pharaoh
3972:
3964:Spell of the Twelve Caves
3877:
3687:
3646:
3615:
3557:
2701:
2689:
2631:
2578:
2569:
2513:
2443:
2437:Ancient Egyptian religion
2331:Pinch, Geraldine (2004).
2056:. Rome: Gremese Editore.
1506:Hess, Richard S. (1993).
1122:dedicated the pillars of
1015:, a very early patron of
528:myth of the Celestial Cow
448:ancient Egyptian religion
318:
313:
267:
241:
220:
209:(In the cycle of rebirth)
185:
180:
170:
155:
70:
46:
41:
4073:Ancient Egypt portal
3919:Book of the Heavenly Cow
4797:Horus on the Crocodiles
3774:Horus on the Crocodiles
733:, the god of the dead.
519:and there was a formal
355:
4737:Crown of justification
4671:North African elephant
4615:Throne Hall of Dongola
4241:Veneration of the dead
3944:Great Hymn to the Aten
3724:Crown of justification
3448:Souls of Pe and Nekhen
2726:Amenhotep, son of Hapu
2561:Veneration of the dead
2156:. Continuum. pp. 74–75
1710:Shorter, Alan (2009).
1297:
1170:
1082:
1006:
887:
754:
684:(command), as well as
655:
609:
593:
552:
477:Ra was portrayed as a
360:; also transliterated
5012:Legendary progenitors
4580:Philae temple complex
2403:at Wikimedia Commons
2312:Hart, George (1986).
1802:learn.ncartmuseum.org
1783:Kemboly, Mpay. 2010.
1549:Hart, George (2005).
1509:Amarna Personal Names
1461:Hart, George (2005).
1374:List of solar deities
1295:
1182:Upper and Lower Egypt
1164:
1080:
1024:Theban rulers of the
996:
885:
744:
649:
607:
583:
550:
202:(alternative sources)
4992:Sky and weather gods
4156:Flooding of the Nile
2546:Opening of the mouth
1175:A very ancient god,
944:New Kingdom of Egypt
65:resting on his head.
4705:Symbols and objects
4575:Musawwarat es-Sufra
4477:Kingdom of al-Abwab
4176:Prophecy of Neferti
3679:The Indestructibles
3483:Hermes Trismegistus
2227:, pp. 172–178.
2143:, pp. 187–189.
1860:Quirke, S. (2001).
1652:, pp. 179–182.
1001:, from the tomb of
974:Gods merged with Ra
942:At the time of the
717:), was an enormous
590:hieroglyphic symbol
34:Ra (disambiguation)
3892:Books of Breathing
2911:Four sons of Horus
2209:tomb of Inherkha,
1995:The British Museum
1977:The British Museum
1959:The British Museum
1941:The British Museum
1923:The British Museum
1903:Zahan, S. (2018).
1765:www.sunnataram.org
1298:
1237:Gods created by Ra
1171:
1157:Montu and Montu-Ra
1083:
1007:
888:
755:
656:
610:
594:
553:
543:Journey of the Sun
5007:Kings of the gods
4939:
4938:
4909:Meroitic alphabet
4905:Meroitic language
4900:Egyptian language
4895:Blemmyes language
4433:
4432:
4146:Egyptian religion
4081:
4080:
4043:Mysteries of Isis
4016:Related religions
3909:Book of the Earth
3553:
3552:
2399:Media related to
2365:978-0-500-05120-7
2342:978-0-19-517024-5
2323:978-0-415-05909-1
2304:978-0-87226-907-1
2171:, pp. 76–82.
2124:, pp. 54–56.
2101:978-1-60153-123-0
2040:, pp. 203–4.
1712:The Egyptian Gods
1617:, pp. 68–72.
1562:978-0-415-34495-1
1450:
1449:
1442:
1339:was the focus of
823:
804:Ptolemaic Kingdom
749:from the tomb of
680:(perception) and
642:In the underworld
627:primordial waters
429:
396:
372:[ˈɾiːʕuw]
328:
327:
156:Major cult center
151:
150:
147:
146:
128:
127:
124:
123:
103:
102:
99:
98:
16:(Redirected from
5019:
4997:Personifications
4929:
4928:
4752:Egyptian obelisk
4605:Temple of Dendur
4256:
4255:
4211:Execration texts
4193:
4115:Kushite religion
4108:
4101:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4071:
4070:
4069:
3903:Book of the Dead
3739:Egyptian obelisk
3128:Kothar-wa-Khasis
2576:
2575:
2541:Offering formula
2536:Mortuary temples
2526:Embalming ritual
2508:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2398:
2385:
2369:
2357:
2346:
2327:
2308:
2296:
2276:
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2244:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2194:
2188:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2157:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2125:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2087:
2081:
2071:
2065:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1894:
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1840:
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1808:
1794:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1740:Glencairn Museum
1732:
1726:
1725:
1707:
1696:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1618:
1612:
1603:
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1458:
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1438:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1228:
1216:
1133:Khepri and Khnum
1032:Atum and Atum-Ra
989:Amun and Amun-Ra
822:
819:
817:
763:peregrine falcon
599:King of the Gods
576:Sun as a creator
534:to punish them.
508:The cult of the
493:". When the god
440:deity of the Sun
437:ancient Egyptian
434:
428:romanized:
427:
425:
417:
416:
413:
412:
409:
394:
385:
378:
374:
369:
365:
352:Ancient Egyptian
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
319:Greek equivalent
262:
237:
216:
210:
203:
192:
137:
136:
133:
112:
111:
108:
82:
81:
78:
51:
39:
38:
21:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5002:Underworld gods
4957:Avian humanoids
4942:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4919:
4915:Nubian language
4881:
4732:Crook and flail
4727:Christian cross
4700:
4624:
4511:
4429:
4275:
4245:
4221:Mortuary temple
4194:
4185:
4117:
4112:
4082:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4057:
4011:
3968:
3897:Book of Caverns
3873:
3719:Crook and flail
3690:
3683:
3642:
3611:
3549:
2901:Dionysus-Osiris
2697:
2685:
2627:
2565:
2509:
2500:
2439:
2434:
2392:
2379:
2376:
2374:Further reading
2366:
2343:
2324:
2305:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2267:
2263:
2251:
2247:
2235:
2231:
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2204:
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2191:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2128:
2120:
2109:
2102:
2088:
2084:
2072:
2068:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1901:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1883:
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1815:
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1804:
1796:
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1791:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1714:. Borgo Press.
1708:
1699:
1687:
1683:
1660:
1656:
1648:
1621:
1613:
1606:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1520:
1512:. Eisenbrauns.
1504:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1415:
1409:has an unclear
1403:
1399:
1392:
1364:
1357:
1354:
1290:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1220:
1217:
983:
976:
971:
796:
739:
644:
578:
545:
540:
538:Religious roles
406:
402:
367:
338:
334:
263:
261:(in some myths)
260:
235:
215:(some accounts)
214:
208:
204:
201:
193:
191:(most accounts)
190:
131:
129:
116:
106:
104:
91:
86:
66:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5025:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4972:Falcon deities
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4937:
4936:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
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4809:
4804:
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4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
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4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4666:Nile crocodile
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4632:
4630:
4629:Sacred animals
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4600:Temple of Amun
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4545:Dodekaschoinos
4542:
4540:Deir el-Bahari
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
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4474:
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4454:
4449:
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4384:
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4363:
4358:
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4325:
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4312:
4309:
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4286:
4280:
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4202:
4200:
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4195:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4141:Creation myths
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4088:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
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4040:
4035:
4030:
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4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3978:
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3200:
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3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3098:Khenti-Amentiu
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
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3015:
3014:
3013:
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2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2886:Cavern deities
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
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2833:
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2558:
2553:
2548:
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2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2456:Creation myths
2453:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2410:
2391:
2390:External links
2388:
2387:
2386:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2347:
2341:
2328:
2322:
2309:
2303:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2261:
2245:
2229:
2214:
2211:Deir el-Medina
2202:
2189:
2173:
2158:
2145:
2126:
2107:
2100:
2082:
2074:Wilkinson 2003
2066:
2042:
2038:Wilkinson 2003
2030:
2028:, p. 166.
2018:
2000:
1982:
1964:
1946:
1928:
1910:
1905:Mishor (Egypt)
1895:
1881:
1866:
1853:
1849:Wilkinson 2003
1841:
1825:
1821:Wilkinson 2003
1813:
1789:
1776:
1752:
1727:
1721:978-1434455147
1720:
1697:
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1411:citation style
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1072:
1068:
1067:
1047:. Both Ra and
1033:
1030:
990:
975:
972:
970:
967:
933:Middle Kingdom
928:(underworld).
896:Fourth Dynasty
892:Second Dynasty
795:
792:
738:
735:
643:
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577:
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541:
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326:
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4967:Egyptian gods
4965:
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4872:Vulture crown
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4048:Temple of Set
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4002:Opet Festival
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3988:
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3959:Pyramid Texts
3957:
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3914:Book of Gates
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3348:Renpetneferet
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2063:
2062:88-7605-818-4
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2014:
2010:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1978:
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1857:
1851:, p. 33.
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1670:(2): 96–101.
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1407:This article
1405:
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1356:
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1321:
1318:
1315:In one myth,
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1165:Sculpture of
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964:
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952:
949:
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940:
938:
934:
929:
927:
923:
922:Pyramid Texts
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:Fifth Dynasty
901:
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582:
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566:
562:
558:
557:Egyptian myth
555:According to
549:
535:
533:
529:
524:
522:
521:burial ground
518:
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511:
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472:Ancient Egypt
469:
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453:
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445:
444:Fifth Dynasty
441:
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433:
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392:
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164:Ancient Egypt
161:
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142:
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119:
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113:
110:
109:
94:
89:
84:
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74:
69:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
4962:Creator gods
4930:
4857:Solar barque
4807:Imiut fetish
4802:Hypocephalus
4787:Hemhem crown
4762:Eye of Horus
4641:Barbary lion
4560:Jebel Barkal
4419:
4414:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4365:
4360:
4345:
4335:
4322:
4283:
4136:Christianity
4007:Sed festival
3997:Min festival
3987:Cattle count
3954:Litany of Re
3929:Coffin Texts
3901:
3844:Solar barque
3784:Imiut fetish
3779:Hypocephalus
3764:Hemhem crown
3749:Eye of Horus
3674:Land of Manu
3628:Djadjaemankh
3509:
3499:
3452:
3362:
3317:
3312:
3292:
3267:
3223:Nebethetepet
3217:
3132:
3103:Khenti-kheti
3082:
3022:
2925:
2921:Gate deities
2915:
2905:
2890:
2880:
2830:
2705:
2695:Theban Triad
2521:Canopic jars
2393:
2381:
2353:
2332:
2313:
2292:
2264:
2248:
2232:
2205:
2197:
2192:
2176:
2153:
2148:
2091:
2085:
2069:
2053:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1898:
1884:
1879:, p. 6.
1861:
1856:
1844:
1828:
1816:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1768:. Retrieved
1764:
1755:
1744:. Retrieved
1742:. 2021-07-13
1739:
1730:
1711:
1684:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1597:
1591:
1580:. Retrieved
1571:
1551:
1544:
1532:
1508:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1462:
1456:
1436:
1427:
1408:
1240:
1199:
1190:Egyptian art
1174:
1167:Thutmose III
1143:-headed god
1126:to Horakhty.
1120:Thutmose III
1104:
1093:
1089:
1085:
984:
961:The rise of
960:
953:
941:
939:and Osiris.
930:
889:
799:
797:
788:lapis lazuli
785:
782:
775:
756:
728:
712:
710:
673:
667:
663:
659:
657:
635:lotus flower
611:
595:
564:
561:solar barque
554:
525:
507:
502:
490:
486:
476:
452:noon-day sun
398:
386:
379:
330:
329:
54:
29:
4982:Nubian gods
4877:Was-sceptre
4555:Elephantine
4315:Arensnuphis
4266:Elephantine
4033:Hermeticism
3864:Was-sceptre
3691:and objects
3168:Mehet-Weret
3011:Harpocrates
2841:Banebdjedet
2806:Arensnuphis
2486:Osiris myth
2283:Works cited
2271:, pp.
2255:, pp.
2239:, pp.
2237:Harris 1981
2196:Lana Troy:
2181:Harris 1981
2050:Rachet, Guy
1664:Archaeology
1430:August 2024
1379:Solar myths
1105:Ra-Horakhty
1086:Ra-Horakhty
1071:Ra-Horakhty
1026:New Kingdom
1021:Lower Egypt
931:During the
917:sun temples
812:Koinē Greek
737:Iconography
499:New Kingdom
487:Ra-Horakhty
314:Equivalents
212:Mehet-Weret
73:hieroglyphs
61:inside the
4987:Solar gods
4946:Categories
4585:Qasr Ibrim
4226:Pilgrimage
4171:Philosophy
4028:Gnosticism
3869:Winged sun
3714:Corn mummy
3616:Characters
3540:Werethekau
3378:Sebiumeker
3188:Meretseger
3053:Ikhemu-sek
2991:Hermanubis
2491:Philosophy
2481:Numerology
2269:Pinch 2004
2253:Pinch 2004
2183:, p.
2076:, p.
2026:Pinch 2004
1807:2023-02-25
1770:2023-05-21
1746:2023-05-21
1691:, p.
1689:Pinch 2004
1582:2023-05-22
1469:. p.
1422:footnoting
1390:References
1288:Other gods
1130:Nesitaset.
1124:Heliopolis
1118:. Pharaoh
1039:than with
816:Ἡλιούπολις
808:Heliopolis
629:, and the
517:Heliopolis
464:underworld
462:, and the
435:) was the
395:romanized:
391:Phoenician
160:Heliopolis
4977:Lion gods
4887:Languages
4852:Shen ring
4767:Eye of Ra
4722:Cartouche
4681:Serpopard
4517:Locations
4410:Sabomakal
4199:Practices
4166:Mythology
4151:Eye of Ra
4131:Afterlife
3974:Festivals
3839:Shen ring
3819:Ouroboros
3754:Eye of Ra
3709:Cartouche
3647:Locations
3592:Serpopard
3559:Creatures
3490:Tjenenyet
3473:Ta-Bitjet
3418:Shesmetet
3338:Renenutet
3323:Raet-Tawy
3243:Nehmetawy
3193:Meskhenet
2961:Hedjhotep
2816:Assessors
2514:Practices
2476:Mythology
2471:Maa Kheru
2451:Afterlife
2225:Hart 1986
2169:Hart 1986
2141:Hart 1986
2122:Hart 1986
2064:. p. 208.
1877:Hart 1986
1650:Hart 1986
1615:Hart 1986
1467:Routledge
1345:Akhenaten
1196:Raet-Tawy
1186:Raet-Tawy
1003:Ramses IV
751:Nefertari
619:Eye of Ra
442:. By the
268:Offspring
181:Genealogy
4932:Category
4812:Khepresh
4462:Blemmyes
4439:Cultures
4370:Makedeke
4307:Apedemak
4231:Pyramids
4216:Funerals
4038:Kemetism
3879:Writings
3789:Khepresh
3633:Rededjet
3535:Wepwawet
3520:Wadj-wer
3238:Nehebkau
3233:Nefertem
3153:Mandulis
3088:Kebechet
3078:Iusaaset
2996:Heryshaf
2946:Hatmehit
2781:Apedemak
2656:Nephthys
2551:Pyramids
2531:Funerals
2052:(1994).
1676:41663287
1524:Archived
1418:citation
1384:Teka-her
1352:See also
1206:'s wife.
1116:Horemheb
1109:#The sun
1100:Horizons
1094:who is)
913:obelisks
909:pyramids
900:pharaohs
877:Nephthys
706:monsters
674:Mesektet
664:Mesektet
393:: 𐤓𐤏,
221:Siblings
175:Sun Disk
71:Name in
59:sun-disk
4867:Ushabti
4837:Pschent
4742:Deshret
4691:Taweret
4530:Ballana
4507:X-Group
4502:Nobatia
4482:Makuria
4467:C-Group
4457:B-Group
4447:A-Group
4311:Aqedise
4297:Amesemi
4293:Amanete
4251:Deities
4236:Temples
4206:Burials
4123:Beliefs
4053:Thelema
4023:Atenism
3854:Ushabti
3824:Pschent
3814:Neshmet
3729:Deshret
3689:Symbols
3638:Ubaoner
3577:Griffin
3463:Taweret
3458:Tatenen
3393:Serapis
3388:Sekhmet
3358:Resheph
3303:Qed-her
3253:Nekhbet
3228:Nebtuwi
3093:Khensit
3063:Imhotep
3058:Imentet
2956:Hedetet
2821:Astarte
2756:Andjety
2731:Amesemi
2571:Deities
2556:Temples
2444:Beliefs
2273:109–110
2257:106–108
1341:Atenism
1268:Sekhmet
1264:Sekhmet
1257:Apophis
1098:of the
1013:Amaunet
997:Ra and
833:suburbs
824: "
794:Worship
747:Imentet
745:Ra and
719:serpent
698:Apophis
660:Mandjet
592:of life
588:, the
532:Sekhmet
503:Amun-Ra
468:pharaoh
397:rʿ) or
284:Sekhmet
250:Sekhmet
242:Consort
186:Parents
4847:Serekh
4842:Scarab
4782:Hedjet
4696:Uraeus
4686:Sphinx
4661:Medjed
4651:Falcon
4646:Cattle
4620:Tombos
4590:Qustul
4550:Dotawo
4497:Napata
4452:Alodia
4382:Menhit
4332:Breith
4319:Ariten
4259:Triads
3887:Amduat
3834:Serekh
3829:Scarab
3759:Hedjet
3664:Benben
3607:Uraeus
3602:Sphinx
3587:Medjed
3545:Wosret
3530:Wepset
3515:Wadjet
3438:Sopdet
3423:Shezmu
3403:Seshat
3398:Serket
3343:Renpet
3328:Rekhyt
3308:Qetesh
3273:Pakhet
3203:Mnevis
3178:Menhit
3158:Medjed
3148:Mafdet
3138:Maahes
3123:Khonsu
3113:Kherty
3108:Khepri
2976:Hemsut
2951:Hauron
2941:Hathor
2876:Buchis
2861:Ba-Pef
2846:Bastet
2776:Anuket
2771:Anubis
2746:Amu-Aa
2741:Am-heh
2690:Triads
2681:Tefnut
2666:Osiris
2633:Ennead
2618:Naunet
2608:Kauket
2598:Hauhet
2593:Amunet
2580:Ogdoad
2362:
2339:
2320:
2301:
2098:
2060:
1836:
1718:
1674:
1559:
1539:I 3778
1516:
1477:
1280:Hathor
1276:Hathor
1249:Bastet
1245:Bastet
1150:sunset
1137:Khepri
1053:Tefnut
1045:Ennead
1017:Thebes
980:Mesori
915:, and
865:Osiris
853:Tefnut
845:Ennead
778:Khepri
759:lanner
731:Osiris
700:, and
690:Ennead
631:Benben
615:Khepri
510:Mnevis
479:falcon
458:, the
420:Coptic
323:Helios
292:Bastet
288:Mafdet
280:Hathor
276:Tefnut
254:Bastet
246:Hathor
233:Serket
206:Hathor
171:Symbol
63:Uraeus
4832:Nemes
4822:Menat
4817:Kneph
4792:Hennu
4777:Hafir
4595:Semna
4570:Lisht
4535:Bigeh
4525:Aniba
4492:Meroë
4487:Medja
4472:Kerma
4391:Miket
4387:Merul
4377:Mehit
4356:Hemen
4341:Dedun
4302:Anaka
3809:Nemes
3799:Menat
3794:Kneph
3769:Hennu
3659:Akhet
3525:Weneg
3478:Thoth
3443:Sopdu
3433:Sobek
3383:Seker
3373:Satis
3353:Repyt
3298:Qebui
3283:Petbe
3278:Perit
3263:Neper
3258:Nemty
3248:Neith
3208:Montu
3183:Meret
3173:Mehit
3163:Mehen
3143:Ma'at
3118:Khnum
3073:Iunit
3028:Iabet
3006:Horus
3001:Hesat
2986:Heqet
2981:Henet
2971:Hemen
2896:Dedun
2866:Bennu
2766:Anput
2761:Anhur
2736:Ammit
2721:Akhty
2461:Isfet
2241:24–25
1672:JSTOR
1204:Montu
1188:. In
1177:Montu
1145:Khnum
1096:Horus
1061:ocean
1029:disk.
956:hymns
948:tombs
837:Cairo
771:Horus
767:Cobra
714:isfet
702:Mehen
565:akhet
483:Horus
460:Earth
387:ri-ia
304:Ma'at
300:Anhur
296:Satet
258:Satet
229:Sobek
199:Neith
195:Khnum
189:None
4862:Tyet
4827:Nebu
4772:Gold
4747:Djed
4717:Atef
4712:Ankh
4636:Abtu
4565:Kawa
4425:Wusa
4373:Mash
4351:Heka
4289:Aman
4271:Naqa
4181:Soul
4161:Maat
3849:Tyet
3804:Nebu
3734:Djed
3704:Atef
3699:Ankh
3669:Duat
3654:Aaru
3623:Dedi
3572:Abtu
3567:Aani
3505:Unut
3495:Tutu
3468:Tayt
3413:Shed
3408:Shai
3288:Ptah
3043:Igai
2966:Heka
2936:Hapi
2856:Bata
2836:Babi
2826:Aten
2801:Aqen
2791:Apis
2786:Apep
2751:Anat
2716:Aker
2711:Aati
2651:Isis
2641:Atum
2588:Amun
2496:Soul
2466:Maat
2360:ISBN
2337:ISBN
2318:ISBN
2299:ISBN
2096:ISBN
2058:ISBN
1834:ISBN
1716:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1420:and
1337:Aten
1333:Aten
1326:Apep
1322:Apep
1317:Isis
1312:Isis
1305:Ptah
1301:Ptah
1253:Isis
1200:Raet
1055:and
1049:Atum
1041:Amun
1037:Atum
1009:Amun
999:Amun
937:Amun
926:Duat
875:and
873:Isis
859:and
851:and
841:Atum
829:City
821:lit.
800:Iunu
723:Atum
686:Heka
669:Duat
652:KV16
586:ankh
569:Nile
513:bull
495:Amun
384:𒊑𒅀
380:ri-a
377:𒊑𒀀
231:and
225:Apep
197:and
4676:Ram
4328:Bes
3597:Sha
3428:Sia
3368:Sah
3333:Rem
3213:Mut
3198:Min
3068:Ipy
3048:Ihy
3038:Iat
3033:Iah
2871:Bes
2851:Bat
2811:Ash
2796:Apt
2676:Shu
2671:Set
2661:Nut
2646:Geb
2613:Kek
2603:Heh
2078:164
1693:184
1537:CIS
1471:110
1141:ram
1064:Nun
1057:Shu
869:Set
861:Nut
857:Geb
849:Shu
835:of
826:Sun
806:as
761:or
694:Set
678:Sia
623:Nun
601:.
489:, "
470:of
456:sky
382:or
363:rꜥw
308:Mut
272:Shu
4952:Ra
4948::
3318:Ra
3018:Hu
2931:Ha
2623:Nu
2401:Ra
2217:^
2185:26
2161:^
2129:^
2110:^
2011:.
1993:.
1975:.
1957:.
1939:.
1921:.
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1800:.
1763:.
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1090:Ra
911:,
898:,
879:.
871:,
867:,
863:,
855:,
818:,
814::
790:.
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682:Hu
505:.
432:Rē
426:,
424:ⲣⲏ
422::
418:;
411:eɪ
399:Re
389:;
366:,
357:rꜥ
354::
350:;
343:ɑː
331:Ra
306:,
302:,
298:,
294:,
290:,
286:,
282:,
278:,
274:,
256:,
252:,
248:,
227:,
130:or
105:or
55:Ra
42:Ra
18:Rê
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4907:(
4420:W
4415:T
4405:S
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4395:N
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4323:B
4284:A
4107:e
4100:t
4093:v
3510:W
3500:U
3453:T
3363:S
3313:R
3293:Q
3268:P
3218:N
3133:M
3083:K
3023:I
2926:H
2916:G
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2891:D
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