Culture of England

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and bakers' bread, wheaten bread and oaten bread; and if there be other breads than these, they were there; there were eggs in napkins, and crispy bits of bacon under silver covers; and there were little fishes in a little box, and devilled kidneys frizzling on a hot-water dish; which, by the bye, were placed closely contiguous to the plate of the worthy archdeacon himself. Over and above this, on a snow-white napkin, spread upon the sideboard, was a huge ham and a huge sirloin; the latter having laden the dinner table on the previous evening. Such was the ordinary fare at Plumstead Episcopi."

13082:"The lamb 'shank' is the lower part in the rear leg. The same joint in pork is the 'hock' and in beef, the 'leg'. The equivalent joint on the front legs are 'fore shank' for lamb, 'knuckle' for pork and 'shin' for beef....If these joints are so popular in lamb, why don't we see more of the same joints in pork and beef? The reason is simple – size; a lamb shank will sit happily on a large dollop of mash and makes a very satisfying meal for one, but a knuckle or hock will appear as a great mountain of meat – not well suited to fine dining rooms. A shin or leg of beef is even bigger." 590: 6071: 6747: 5569: 2758: 5871: 6416: 4234: 7767: 98: 1455: 1223: 59: 50: 7408: 4267: 8514: 3699:

so). Heroines had to be chaste, but were independent-minded and outspoken; now that they were played by women, there was more mileage for the playwright in disguising them in men's clothes or giving them narrow escape from rape. These playgoers were attracted to the comedies by up-to-the-minute topical writing, by crowded and bustling plots, by the introduction of the first professional actresses, and by the rise of the first celebrity actors. This period saw the first professional woman playwright,

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at the centre. Usually polygonal in plan to give an overall rounded effect, although the Red Bull and the first Fortune were square. The three levels of inward-facing galleries overlooked the open centre, into which jutted the stage: essentially a platform surrounded on three sides by the audience. The rear side was restricted for the entrances and exits of the actors and seating for the musicians. The upper level behind the stage could be used as a

1876: 10360: 1082: 14101:"The British are so easy to please. It is the most extraordinary thing. They actually like their pleasures small. That is why, I suppose, so many of their treats — teacakes, scones, crumpets, rock cakes, rich tea biscuits, fruit shrewsburys — are so cautiously flavourful. They are the only people in the world who think of jam and currants as thrilling constituents of a pudding or cake." 'Notes From A Small Island' Bill Bryson (1995) 5590: 721: 10346: 4934: 493: 8244: 14632:

in colour, bitterness (from hops), alcoholic strength, age, and whether served from cask or bottle. Categories indicate the style of beers, but are not regulated, change over time, sometimes overlap (e.g. mild ale and light bitter, mild ale and weaker old ale, or dark mild ale and brown ale), and are dependent on the way in which brewers describe their beers. The terms pale ale and bitter are often used interchangeably. See

3188: 10095: 2490: 14998:. It is easier, perhaps, to say what Bitter is not. Once the classy alternative to Mild, then the conservative alternative to trendy lager, it is now the preferred choice of the anti-hipster—not Double IPA, and definitely not fruit-infused barrel-aged Saison." 'Ordinary, Best and Extra Special: How English Bitter Inspired a Revolution in Brewing', Jessica Boak and Ray Bailey, Beeradvocate, October 2015 13677:"It could be said that broth occupies an intermediate position between stock and soup. A broth (e.g. chicken broth) can be eaten as is, whereas a stock (e.g. chicken stock) would normally be consumed only as an ingredient in something more complex. A soup, on the other hand, would usually be less simple, more finished, than a broth." Oxford Companion to Food, Alan Davidson, Oxford University Press, 1999 4950: 4251: 8240:, "an unprecedented explosion of new ideas, and new technological inventions, transformed our use of energy, creating an increasingly industrial and urbanised country. Roads, railways and canals were built. Great cities appeared. Scores of factories and mills sprang up. Our landscape would never be the same again. It was a revolution that transformed not only the country, but the world itself." 1172:, peaking in the 1860s with 22 being built in that decade. A symbol of the typical English seaside holiday, by 1914 more than 100 pleasure piers were located around the UK coast. Regarded as being among the finest Victorian architecture, there are still a significant number of seaside piers of architectural merit still standing, although some have been lost, including two at 14610:. The divide between 'real ale' and 'craft beer' relates to ingredients, techniques and method of serving. CAMRA's campaigning objectives remain focussed on real ale, cider and perry after a motion in April 2018 that it should "act as the voice and represent the interests of all pub goers and beer, cider and perry drinkers" failed to pass 8542:(1561–1626) developed philosophical and scientific empiricism, which made him one of the pioneers of modern scientific thinking in developing the experimental scientific method. His most prominent philosophical works are The Advancement of Knowledge (1605), Novum Organum or Indications related to the Interpretation of Nature (1620). 697:. At least fifty surviving English churches are of Anglo-Saxon origin, although in some cases the Anglo-Saxon part is small and much-altered. All except one timber church are built of stone or brick, and in some cases show evidence of reused Roman work. The architectural character of Anglo-Saxon ecclesiastical buildings ranges from 14986:"After WWII, Bitter really took off as pub-goers began to reject Mild Ale, the previously dominant draft beer style.... Bitter is not a strictly governed style and beers bearing that appellation might be golden to red, drily bitter or honey-sweet, rich in hop perfume or rather austere. Depending on strength, they might be called 6766:(the form of language in use by the English people from the 12th to the 15th century); Middle English was influenced lexically by Norman-French, Old French and Latin. In the Middle English period Latin was the language of administration and the nobility spoke Norman French. Middle English was itself derived from the 14197:"White loaf made from two round pieces of dough. One (smaller than the other) is secured on top of the larger piece. Often dusted with flour before baking." Flour Advisory Bureau. A regional variant is the Birmingham Close Notched Cottage Loaf, which is distinguished from a standard cottage loaf by its many notches. 8180:. Its foundational principles were diffusing the knowledge of, and facilitating the general introduction of useful mechanical inventions and improvements, as well as enhancing the application of science to the common purposes of life (including through teaching, courses of philosophical lectures, and experiments). 15207:

Patent granted to Matthias Archibald Robinson, of Red Lion-street, St George the Martyr, London, Grocer, for certain improvements in the mode of preparing the vegetable matter commonly called pearl barley, and grits or groats made from the corn of barley and oats, by which material, when so prepared,

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of Burton. "The difference between a pale ale and an India Pale Ale is hard to discern. Take Worthington's White Shield and Bass Red Triangle. Following the 1927 merger, both beers were the same brew; however, one was designated an IPA the other a pale ale. To complicate matters Bass also brewed Blue

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made their first recorded appearance in Covent Garden, London in 1662. The various episodes of Punch and Judy are performed in the spirit of outrageous comedy—often provoking shocked laughter—and are dominated by the anarchic clowning of Mr. Punch. Regarded as English cultural icons, they appeared at

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Restoration audiences liked to see good triumph in their tragedies and rightful government restored. In comedy they liked to see the love-lives of the young and fashionable, with a central couple bringing their courtship to a successful conclusion (often overcoming the opposition of the elders to do

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were the main drinks, both made without hops. The introduction of hops, which are preservative, allowed weaker ales to be brewed and led to a decline in mead production. The constituent ingredients of beer – malted barley, yeast, hops and water – all influence its character. Beers vary considerably

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that helped revive the "spirit" of Christmas and seasonal merriment. Dickens sought to construct Christmas as a family-centred festival of generosity, in contrast to the community-based and church-centred observations, the observance of which had dwindled during the late 18th century and early 19th

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wrote that the British Habeas Corpus Acts "declare no principle and define no rights, but they are for practical purposes worth a hundred constitutional articles guaranteeing individual liberty". A strong advocate of the "unwritten constitution", Dicey stated English rights were embedded in English

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Archaeological excavations on the foundations of the Rose and the Globe in the late 20th century showed that all the London theatres had individual differences, but their common function necessitated a similar general plan. The public theatres were three stories high, and built around an open space

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In 1938 milk was considered to be "the most important product of British Agriculture … far more truly the cornerstone of our agriculture than wheat": Viscount Astor and B. S. Rowntree, British Agriculture, 1938, p. 251. The Provision of Free Milk Regulations, 1946, provided free milk in schools to

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describes "the well-furnished breakfast-parlour at Plumstead Episcopi… The tea consumed was the very best, the coffee the very blackest, the cream the very thickest; there was dry toast and buttered toast, muffins and crumpets; hot bread and cold bread, white bread and brown bread, home-made bread

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Kirwan in 1864 advised that "The great English soups are, real turtle, mock turtle, ox-tail, gravy, giblet, hare, green-pea soup, and pea soup. The great English broths are chicken broth, mutton broth, Scotch-barley broth, veal broth, and beef broth or tea, which is almost equivalent to the French

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hosts a collection of more than seven million objects is one of the largest and most comprehensive in the world, sourced from every continent, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The library has two of the four remaining copies of the original

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is a charity which also maintains multiple sites. One of the largest landowners in the United Kingdom, the Trust owns almost 250,000 hectares of land and 780 miles of coast. Its properties include over 500 historic houses, castles, archaeological and industrial monuments, gardens, parks and nature

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were interred. The possession of the relics of a popular saint was a source of funds for an individual church, as the faithful made donations and benefices in the hope that they might receive spiritual aid, a blessing or a healing from the presence of the physical remains of the holy person. Among

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State schools are government-funded schools which provide education free of charge to pupils. There are a number of categories of English state-funded schools including academy schools, grammar schools, community schools, faith schools, foundation schools, free schools, studio schools, university

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was first contested in 1715 and is still held annually from London Bridge to Chelsea. During the 19th century these races were to become numerous and popular, attracting large crowds. Prize matches amongst professionals similarly became popular on other rivers throughout Great Britain in the 19th

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population after the withdrawal of the Roman legions remained mostly Christian. The Anglo-Saxon invaders and settlers who replaced them, founding the English nation, represented a stark return to pre-Christian religion for Britain. From the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons beginning in the 4th century

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as "The Royal Society". It is the oldest national scientific institution in the world. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, fostering international and

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concerts, which have been held there every summer since 1941. It is host to more than 390 shows in the main auditorium annually, including classical, rock and pop concerts, ballet, opera, film screenings with live orchestral accompaniment. England is home to numerous major orchestras such as the

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According to Elizabeth Einberg, "by the time he died in October 1764 he had left so indelible a mark on the history of British painting that the term 'Hogarthian' remains instantly comprehensible even today as a valid description of a wry, satirical perception of the human condition." See the

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In schools, language teaching is compulsory from the age of seven. French, German, and Spanish are commonly taught in all schools. Arabic, Bengali, Mandarin, Greek, Gujarati, Modern Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Punjabi, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish, and Urdu are also taught.

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in 1832 made possible the production of large sheets of cheap but strong glass, and its use in the Crystal Palace created a structure with the greatest area of glass ever seen in a building. It astonished visitors with its clear walls and ceilings that did not require interior lights.

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Geographical and natural resource advantages of Great Britain also contributed, with the country's extensive coastlines and many navigable rivers in an age when water was the easiest means of transportation along with its had high quality coal. According to British historian

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community, the carnival has attracted around one million people, making it Britain's biggest street festival and one of the largest in the world. Also of note is the extensive impact of Irish culture for St. Patrick's Day. The largest St Patrick's Day Parade takes place in

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Today, the Church of England is the established church in England. It regards itself as in continuity with the pre-Reformation state Catholic church (something the Roman Catholic Church does not accept) and has been a distinct Anglican church since the settlement under

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For example, one retailer offered a breakfast in 2018 comprising "three rashers of British bacon, three British pork sausages, three hash browns, two half slices of fried bread, two fried eggs, two half tomatoes, two black puddings, baked beans and sliced mushrooms."

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accounted for over 95% of the market. Yellow sweetcream (rather than lactic) butter is most common in England, in both salted and unsalted varieties. Commercial standardisation in the late 19th century led to a fairly large number of regional cheeses, including:

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The last half century has seen significant changes in food manufacturing, retailing and consumption; an interest in different international cuisines; and the establishment of large restaurants, food outlets, coffee shops and supermarkets. However, distinctively

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condemned the celebration of Christmas. In contrast, the Anglican Church "pressed for a more elaborate observance of feasts, penitential seasons, and saints' days. The calendar reform became a major point of tension between the Anglicans and Puritans." The

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is one of the most famous and recognized portraits of all time, painted with very long brushes and thin oil colour to achieve the shimmering effect of the blue costume. Gainsborough was also noted for his elaborate background settings for his subjects.

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is a national animal of England. In the Middle Ages, the lions kept in the menagerie at the Tower of London were Barbary lions. English medieval warrior rulers with a reputation for bravery attracted the nickname "the Lion": the most famous example is

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to the mid 20th century. The precursor to variety shows of today, music hall involved a mixture of popular songs, comedy, speciality acts and variety entertainment. English performers who honed their skills at pantomime and music hall sketches include

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set out to appeal to more socially diverse audience with a strong middle-class element, as well as to female spectators. The comic focus shifts from young lovers outwitting the older generation to the vicissitudes of marital relations. In Congreve's

4458:. Lamb is eaten especially at Easter. An English commentator wrote: "We have, throughout our history as a nation, had a weakness for meat in pastry which, while it is not unique, is a sort of hallmark of our taste." Pies appear in common English 1777:

in Trafalgar Square, which houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The Tate galleries house the national collections of British and international modern art; they also host the famously controversial

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found important royal patrons and enthusiastic public support in England. He spent most of his composing life in London and became a national icon, creating some of the most well-known works of classical music, especially his English oratorios

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England, like most European countries, has undergone a roots revival in the last half of the 20th century. English music has been an instrumental and leading part of this phenomenon, which peaked at the end of the 1960s and into the 1970s. The

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developed a form of sketch comedy without dialogue in the 1890s, and Chaplin and Laurel were among the music hall comedians who worked for him. A leading film producer stated; "Fred Karno is not only a genius, he is the man who originated

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folklore dating from the 1920s, with gremlin being RAF slang for a mischievous creature that sabotages aircraft, meddling in the plane's equipment. Legendary figures from 19th century London whose tales have been romanticised include

7655:(London, 1652), argued against the Puritans, and makes note of Old English Christmas traditions, dinner, roast apples on the fire, card playing, dances with "plow-boys" and "maidservants", old Father Christmas and carol singing. The 15208:

a superior mucilaginous beverage may be produced in a few minutes. Dated 20 August 1823. The Repertory of Patent Inventions: And Other Discoveries and Improvements in Arts, Manufactures, and Agriculture. T. and G. Underwood, 1825.

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in London is the national library and is one of the world's largest research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats; including around 25 million books. The most senior art gallery is the

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reorganised grammar schools and instituted new ones so that there was a national system of "free grammar schools." In theory these were open to all, offering free tuition to those who could not afford to pay fees. In 1562 the

6169:, and has accordingly been described as "the national drink of England". Research in 2014 found that although "beer fans divide equally between ale and lager drinkers … classic bitter is still the favourite for ale drinkers". 8220:, resulting in industrialised agriculture, manufacture, engineering and mining, as well as new and pioneering road, rail and water networks to facilitate their expansion and development. The opening of Northwest England's 4141:

with a story loosely based on a well-known fairy tale. It is a participatory form of theatre, in which the audience sing along with parts of the music and shout out phrases to the performers, such as "It's behind you".

16766: 15760: 7246:, containing his formulation: "It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer", a principle that government and the courts must err on the side of innocence, which has remained constant. Sir 8576:(1806–1873) was a representative of the classical and theoretical economic school of utilitarianism. In his work on freedom, he exposes his fundamental ideas about the limits of freedom of the individual and society. 8554:(1632–1704) is considered the father of enlightened thought, one of the most influential thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment, and one of the founders of social contract theory, epistemology and political philosophy. 17867: 9626:

technical colleges, and a number of state boarding schools and city technology colleges. About one third of English state-funded schools are faith schools; i.e. affiliated with religious groups, most often from the

11047: 14378:. Most retailer own-label butter is also made with British milk and there is some artisanal English butter production. The fat content of English butter normally ranges from 80% to 83%, but can be as high as 86%. 3457:

The growing population of England, the growing wealth of its people, and their fondness for spectacle produced a dramatic literature of remarkable variety, quality, and extent. Genres of the period included the

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achieved considerable influence after its foundation in 1848 with paintings that concentrated on religious, literary, and genre subjects executed in a colourful and minutely detailed style. Its artists included

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Mild ale is normally lightly hopped, low in alcoholic strength and ruby in colour, although can sometimes be strong or pale. Mild ale was sometimes described as X ale, in comparison to stronger XX to 6X beers

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painting, mostly of landscapes, became an English specialty, with both a buoyant market for professional works, and a large number of amateur painters, many following the popular systems found in the books of

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Spring-born English lamb fed on grass is actually at its best in the summer, from around mid-June to September). Over the last half century there has been a swing in preference amongst English consumers from

8560:(1737–1809) had great influence through his writings on social democracy, claiming land ownership, freethinking, religion and slavery, in the American revolutionaries who led the independence of that country. 7404:

until the arrival of the Augustinian Mission in 597 AD, England was entirely pagan, and the pre-Christian Germanic religion was practised openly in pockets throughout the country for many decades after this.

8566:(1748–1832) developed the utilitarian doctrine, embodied in his main work: Introduction to the principles of morality and legislation (1789). In addition, it left strengthened and appropriate the concept of 2840:, popularized the concept of the self-contained music act. Before the Beatles, very few popular singers composed the tunes they performed. The "Fab Four" opened the doors for other acts from England such as 15341: 4025:. We soon changed Punch's name, transformed him from a marionette to a hand puppet, and he became, really, a spirit of Britain – a subversive maverick, a kind of puppet equivalent to our political cartoons. 8795:, who were 5,000–1 outsiders at the start of the season, became champions. By some measures it was the greatest sporting upset ever: multiple bookmakers had never paid out at such long odds for any sport. 1128:

presented an idealized view of nature. At large country houses, the English garden usually included lakes, sweeps of gently rolling lawns set against groves of trees, and recreations of classical temples,

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in its attention to the subordinate legal position of married women and the complexities of "divorce" and separation, issues that had been highlighted in the mid-1690s by some notorious cases before the

6841:, English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries. Through newspapers, books, the telegraph, the telephone, phonograph records, radio, satellite television, broadcasters (such as the 3778:(1700), the give-and-take set pieces of couples testing their attraction for one another have mutated into witty prenuptial debates on the eve of marriage, as in the latter's "Proviso" scene. Vanbrugh's 9325:. It has manufactured some of the most technically advanced racing cars, and many of today's racing companies choose England as their base of operations for its engineering knowledge and organisation. 8548:(1588–1679) was a very influential figure in the development of Western political philosophy through his work Leviathan (1651), a treatise on the nature of human beings and how societies are organized. 9873:, with a remit to provide public service broadcasting and schools programs, however it runs commercial advertisements to provide a revenue stream. It produces a number of digital channels, branded as 9104:

The first known modern rowing races began from competition among the professional watermen in England on the River Thames in London. Prizes for wager races were often offered by the London Guilds and

16796: 1844:'s stated mission is to build England's tourism product, raise its profile worldwide, increase the volume and value of tourism exports and develop England and Britain's visitor economy. In 2020, the 17016: 15576: 1817:

scheme in the world, is a permanent sign installed in a public place in the UK to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person or event. The scheme was the brainchild of politician

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England has a rich television and broadcasting heritage. Although cinema, theatre, dance and live music are popular, the favourite pastime is watching television. The television channels include

9017:, laid a wreath on Brooke's grave, and said, "I came to pay homage and tribute to Dr Brookes, who really was the founder of the modern Olympic Games". London was the first major city to host the 1832:

Tourism plays a significant part in the economic life of England. In 2018, the United Kingdom as a whole was the world's 10th most visited country for tourists, and 17 of the United Kingdom's 25

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to be open to the public and is considered by some to be the first modern public museum. In 2011 there were more than 1,600 museums in England. Most museums and art galleries are free of charge.

8536:(1478–1535) addressed the social problems of humanity in his summit work, Utopia (1516). The rest of his works have as a common thread the exaltation of idealism and the condemnation of tyranny. 14566:

The Telegraph (5 August 2015)'Is Britain falling out of love with tea?' At the time of Jonathan Routh's 'Good Cuppa Guide: Where to have tea in London' (1966) tea was the most popular beverage.

8582:(1872–1970) was a philosopher, mathematician, logician and writer, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, and known for his influence on analytical philosophy in the early twentieth century. 4305:

with the move away from the land and increasing urbanisation of the populace. This has resulted in a traditional cuisine which tended to avoid strong flavours, such as garlic, and also complex

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taking the parts of women. Socially diverse audiences included both aristocrats, their servants and hangers-on, and a substantial middle-class segment. Its dramatists stole freely from English

818:) superseded Anglo-Saxon architecture; later there was a period of transition into English Gothic architecture (of which there are three periods, Early English, Decorated, and Perpendicular). 12902:

of the Bible (1611) refers to Esau selling his birthright to his twin brother Jacob in exchange for a meal of "bread and pottage of lentiles". A modern supermarket has promoted the same dish

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currently ranks the overall knowledge and skills of British 15-year-olds as 13th in the world in literacy, mathematics, and science with the average British student scoring 503.7, above the

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served in syrup. Fruits grown in England include apples, pears, plums, cherries, damsons, blackberries, black currants, gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries (often served with cream) and

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as a movement within the Church of England; it developed as a separate denomination after John Wesley's death. Other non-conformist Protestant traditions were also established in England.

17836:"The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies" (PDF). November 2014. p. 17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016" 9187:

who sponsored the event and donated the trophy. Nick Faldo is the most successful Ryder Cup player ever, having won the most points (25) of any player on either the European or US teams.

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to the sons of the aristocracy destined for priesthood or monastic work with the ministry of government or the law. Two universities were established in affiliation with the church: the

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stage production, designed for family entertainment. It is performed in theatres throughout England during the Christmas and New Year season. The art originated in the 18th century with

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of the Anglo-Saxon period; in the Northern and Eastern parts of England the language of Danish settlers had influenced the language, a fact still evident in Northern English dialects.

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is one of the most popular fairy tales in the English language. Some folk figures are based on semi-historical or historical people whose stories have been passed down the centuries;

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English folklore developed over many centuries. Some of the characters and stories are present all over England, but most belong to specific regions. Common folkloric beings include

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of all time. Her mystery novels are outsold only by Shakespeare and The Bible. Described as "perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture", the non-fiction works of

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was passed to regulate and protect the apprenticeship system, forbidding anyone from practising a trade or craft without first serving a 7-year period as an apprentice to a master.

16989: 4416:, where English cheeses, breads, vegetables and other items are sold. Food culture in England has been taken more seriously since the 1960s due to writers and broadcasters such as 11872: 1671: 1075: 13817: 13236:

of the television comedy 'Yes, Minister' involved Jim Hacker resisting the abolition of the British sausage by the EEC. As a result of his heroic stand he became Prime Minister.

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However, when Thomas Mocket, rector of Gilston in Hertfordshire, decried such vices in a pamphlet to justify the parliamentary 'ban' of Christmas, effective since June 1647...

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contained the lines: "Now thanks to God for Charles return, / Whose absence made old Christmas mourn. / For then we scarcely did it know, / Whether it Christmas were or no."

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was built on a vast scale from the 11th century onwards in the form of castles and churches to help impose Norman authority upon their dominion. Many castles remain from the

14206:"Thick, long, white loaf, lightly cut across the top so that the cuts open out or 'bloom' to give a crisp crust. Sometimes sprinkled with poppy seeds." Flour Advisory Bureau 9977:

A large range of magazines are sold in England covering most interests and potential topics. English magazines and journals that have achieved worldwide circulation include

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and others. By the beginning of the 19th century the English artists with the highest modern reputations were mostly dedicated landscape painters, showing the wide range of

807:. Over the next 400 years it developed in England, sometimes in parallel with and influenced by Continental forms, but generally with great local diversity and originality. 14575: 9657:

is required to set out a Programme of Study which outlines the content and matters which must be taught in subjects at the relevant Key Stages. The most recently published

1518:, whose efforts to make beautiful objects affordable for everyone led to his wallpaper and tile designs to some extent defining the Victorian aesthetic and instigating the 11055: 1858: 6113:

amongst drinkers in the first half of the 19th century because it was more hopped than other ales of the time such as mild, but is generally much less hopped than modern

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saw the development of a distinctly English style, and English art continued thereafter to have a distinct character. English art made after the formation in 1707 of the

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is an educational charity for the discussion, and analysis of television in all its forms, past, present, and future. It is the oldest television society in the world.

9634:(around 3/10). A number of state-funded secondary schools are specialist schools, receiving extra funding to develop one or more subjects which the school specialises. 19362: 14065: 9516:, to assist in the further training of the Catholic Christian clergy. There is evidence of teaching at Oxford as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the 3978:. The company employs approximately 100 dancers and has purpose-built facilities. Its reputation built on two prominent figures of 20th century dance, prima ballerina 7781:

The English have played a significant role in the development of science and engineering. Prominent English figures from the field of science and mathematics include

7517:. The Church of England's mission to spread the Gospel has seen the establishment of many churches in the Anglican Communion throughout the world particularly in the 6231:) or a meal However, the number of pubs fell by around a third between the early 1970s and 2017 and since 2014 more beer has been sold in bottles by supermarkets and 3360:, for example, includes such figures as Good Deeds, Knowledge and Strength, and this characterisation reinforces the conflict between good and evil for the audience. 12555: 9691:, and other subjects. In areas children can enter a prestigious grammar school; there are also a number of isolated fully selective grammar schools and a few dozen 14999: 10918: 3069:

England has had a considerable influence on the history of the cinema, producing some of the greatest actors, directors and motion pictures of all time, including

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grew in popularity. This genre focused on encouraging virtuous behavior by showing middle class characters overcoming a series of moral trials. Playwrights like

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is often regarded as the greatest British filmmaker, and was described as "a straightforward middle-class Englishman who just happened to be an artistic genius."

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means cooked simply and served with no sauce save perhaps butter, or dipped in flour and a mixture of egg, salt, pepper and oil, and then rolled in breadcrumbs.

5846:. The coming of the railways meant fresh milk could be transported quickly to the cities. Until the 1990s milk was generally delivered to customers in reusable 3296:

in London has produced some of the most critically acclaimed special effects in modern film. Many successful Hollywood films have been based on English people,

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stayed the normal form of power execution through most parts of Europe, institutions ensured property rights and political safety to English people after the

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of England are ancient, dating from as far back as around 700. They are a major aspect of the country's artistic heritage. Medieval Christianity included the

9765: 9598:. Initially, schools were categorised as infant schools, primary schools and secondary schools (split into more academic grammar schools and more vocational 4107:

in London. Pantomime story lines and scripts are almost always based on traditional children's stories: some of the popular English stories featured include

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http://www.ihbc.org.uk/news/docs/English%20World%20Heritage%20Sites%20to%20get%20strongest%20ever%20protections%20CLG%20press%20notice%2027%20May%202008.pdf

1266:

and a series of magnificent illuminated manuscripts, and the final period after about 950, when there was a revival of English culture after the end of the

13722:

Baron Pouget's Oxford Sauce is a spicy table sauce created by Baron Robert Pouget in 2000 to celebrate the Millennium and can now be found in supermarkets.

13285: 9814:

as well as other television channels specialising in entertainment, drama, culture, arts, science, travel, nature, and sports. Television networks include

1101:. Gardening, and visiting gardens, are regarded as typically English pursuits. By the end of the 18th century the English garden was being imitated by the 567:

Humour, tradition, and good manners are characteristics commonly associated with being English. England has made significant contributions in the world of

17842: 17020: 10627: 9446:; founding and winning some of the world's most famous and respected international competitive tournaments across the various race formats, including the 18276: 17201: 16728: 15882:

Les Standiford. The Man Who Invented Christmas: How Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol Rescued His Career and Revived Our Holiday Spirits, Crown, 2008.

12311:, It was made under the personal supervision of Walt Disney, and he took special care when animating British fantasy. He called them his "English Cycle". 12274: 9545: 9521: 9427:

is the ten-time Women's World Professional Darts Champion of the British Darts Organisation. Another popular sport commonly associated with pub games is

6281:, invented by Matthias Archibald Robinson in 1823, is made by pouring pearl barley water over the rind and/or pulp of a lemon and adding sugar to taste. 2535: 16205: 4293:

the food of England has historically been characterised by its simplicity of approach and a reliance on the high quality of natural produce. During the

4137:. In 19th century England it acquired its present form, which includes songs, slapstick comedy and dancing, employing gender-crossing actors, combining 3643:

signalled a renaissance of English drama. With the restoration of the monarch in 1660 came the restoration of and the reopening of the theatre. English

3868:

operates out of Shakespeare's hometown of Stratford-upon-Avon and performs primarily, but not exclusively, his works. Important modern playwrights are

14289:

Sourdough is made by hand using a flour and water starter, containing naturally-occurring wild yeast and lactic acid bacteria, to sour or ferment the

12100: 11408: 10563: 9667:

can be run by the local authority, a foundation body or an academy trust. They select their pupils based on academic ability. The original purpose of

8729: 6567: 13924: 15316: 9198:, England has produced many world champions across the weight divisions internationally recognised by the governing bodies. World champions include 16026: 15088: 14388: 10537: 8499: 15813:

Carl Philipp Emanuel Nothaft (October 2011). "From Sukkot to Saturnalia: The Attack on Christmas in Sixteenth-Century Chronological Scholarship".

12843: 9097:, first occurred in 1877, and today the event takes place over two weeks in late June and early July. Created in the Tudor period in the court of 5160:

is served with butter alone or with other ingredients such as eggs and ham; the English asparagus season runs from late April to the end of June.

1644:

is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the

15615: 14233:

Also called a porcupine or hedgehog loaf. Another type of cob loaf with shallow cuts across the top of the loaf to create a chequerboard pattern.

12070: 11091: 10699: 9749:

in England are usually split into classes: first class (1st), upper second class (2:1), lower second class (2:2), third (3rd), and unclassified.

6051:

in the 1990s, there has been a rapid growth in the number of breweries since the early 1970s. This was driven initially by a renewed interest in

5938: 1538: 11398:

Swann, Marjorie (2001), Curiosities and Texts: The Culture of Collecting in Early Modern England, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press

678:. It was the Romans who founded the first cities and towns such as London, Bath, York, Chester and St Albans. Perhaps the best-known example is 17805: 16587:

Wilson, Arthur (1994). The Living Rock: The Story of Metals Since Earliest Times and Their Impact on Civilization. p. 203. Woodhead Publishing.

9773: 9047:

is the governing body responsible for distributing funds and providing strategic guidance for sporting activity in England. England, and other

7628:

directed his noblemen and gentry to return to their landed estates in midwinter to keep up their old-style Christmas generosity. Following the

1133:

ruins, bridges, and other picturesque architecture, designed to recreate an idyllic pastoral landscape. The English garden was centred on the

1018:

architecture until by the 18th century. Gothic forms of architecture had been abandoned and various classical styles were adopted. During the

586:. The country has played an important role in engineering, democracy, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles, mathematics, science and sport. 17779: 14697:

Bitters generally have only 25–35 IBUs (international bitterness units) whereas an American IPA might have anywhere from 40 to 100 IBUs. See

9952:

are the country's most dominant news broadcasters. Radio, television, and broadcasting are regulated. Newspapers produced in England include

5838:

Consumption of dairy products in England has varied over time. Historically farms turned surplus milk into cheese and households made simple

3913: 14175:

was historically a festival to celebrate the annual wheat harvest. A loaf of bread in the shape of a wheatsheaf is often baked to celebrate

11682: 6563: 2407:(1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England. Orwell's eleven rules for making tea appear in his essay " 1006:

of the period, typified by elegant furniture and vertically striped wallpaper, and to styles of clothing; for men, as typified by the dandy

548:. Owing to England's influential position within the United Kingdom it can sometimes be difficult to differentiate English culture from the 16051:

J. Gascoin, "A reappraisal of the role of the universities in the Scientific Revolution", in David C. Lindberg and Robert S. Westman, eds,

14294: 12816: 12286: 11327: 11301: 2500:

England has a long and rich musical history, and more English people attend live music performances than football matches. The traditional

1861:

is the minister with responsibility over tourism in England, including museums, art galleries, public libraries and the National Archives.

1030:

was widespread and pioneering engineering achievements (bridges, canals, railways, train stations, modern sewer systems) were constructed.

523: 13314: 12920: 12302: 12175: 10027:

have their own monthly membership magazines devoted to photography, heritage, nature, wildlife, and arts. Other popular magazines include

8466:

England has been the cradle of many very important philosophers who have contributed to the development of philosophical currents such as

17405: 15731: 1533:

in London is a key organisation for the promotion of the visual arts in England. Major schools of art in England include: the six-school

432: 16264: 13812: 13382:

derived its name from the thousands of geese that were driven from the Lincolnshire fens to be sold in Nottingham at the fair each year.

13339: 11880: 3960:, is a major cultural event held annually. The season is a significant event in English culture and in classical music. Czech conductor 2644:

was a hypothetical development in the late 19th and early 20th century, when English composers, often those lecturing or trained at the

19633: 17115: 15452: 10193:. They also appear in sculpture, and sites of national importance. The lion is used as a symbol of English sporting teams, such as the 8266:. Meeting the demands of the consumer revolution and growth in wealth of the middle classes in Britain, Wedgwood created goods such as 7753: 4316:

The cuisine of England has, however, recently undergone a revival, which has been recognised by food critics with some good ratings in

1648:. English Heritage manages more than 400 significant buildings and monuments in England. They also maintain a register of thousands of 1423:(the other is Hogarth), Gillray has been referred to as the father of the political cartoon, with his satirical work calling the King ( 477: 17074: 12119: 6702:, frequently used a crystal ball to communicate with the angels. Probably the most famous depiction of witchcraft in literature is in 4073:

to fill time between his own demonstrations – the modern circus was born. The Hughes Royal Circus was popular in London in the 1780s.

1411:

pioneered Western sequential art, and political illustrations in this style are often referred to as "Hogarthian". Following Hogarth,

17042: 16578:

Quentin R. Skrabec, Jr. (2005). "The Metallurgic Age: The Victorian Flowering of Invention and Industrial Science". p. 169. McFarland

14799:

had the benefit of hard water, rich in calcium sulphate, which enhanced the beer's hop bitterness and helped to achieve clarity. See

13798: 12028: 9602:). England has many independent (fee-paying) schools, some founded hundreds of years ago; independent secondary schools are known as 7498: 3494: 1562: 15635: 15027: 5141: 19098: 17002: 16235: 14429: 13371: 12445:

Matthew Collin, John Godfrey (2010). "Altered State: The Story of Ecstasy Culture and Acid House" p.258. Retrieved 18 February 2012

8952: 8270:, which was starting to become a common feature on dining tables. Credited as the inventor of modern marketing, Wedgwood pioneered 6796: 6508: 5758:. They may be served at afternoon tea as an alternative to jam, cake, small pastries and fruit tarts. Teas are typically served in 5231:

and, although opinion is divided as to whether and for how long it actually existed in real life, recipes for it can now be found.

1687: 907:

throughout England has left a legacy of large stone castles. The invention of gunpowder and canons made castles redundant, and the

346: 14926: 8975:. The vast majority of English clubs in Super League are based in the north of England. Some of the most successful clubs include 3176:

in London has a claim to being the oldest continuously working film studio in the world. Famous for recording many motion picture

556:

era, England cultivated an increasingly distinct cultural heritage. This cultural development persisted throughout the subsequent

20299: 12517: 10484: 9622:

are four of the best-known. The nature and peculiarities of these public schools have frequently featured in English literature.

8736: 7924:, England was home to many significant inventors during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Famous English engineers include 7690: 5520:

was a lighter meal taken earlier in the afternoon only by the upper and middle classes of society, the idea being popularized by

3790:(1696) has been admired for its throwaway wit and the characterisation of Lord Foppington, an extravagant and affected burlesque 3732:(1676) as a riotous, witty, intellectual, and sexually irresistible aristocrat, a template for posterity's idea of the glamorous 2053:, remains one of the most championed authors in English literature. He is widely regarded as the greatest dramatist of all time. 1659: 1645: 440: 351: 17504: 17445: 16943:"Origins of Rugby – Codification "The innovation of running with the ball was introduced some time between 1820 and 1830."" 15439: 15365: 14242:"A special shape, usually plaited with three strands of white dough, sometimes enriched with eggs or milk. Flour Advisory Bureau 13756: 19146: 17626: 15508: 14937: 10334:". Certain groups are advocating the adoption of an official English anthem following similar adoptions in Scotland and Wales. 8828:

is generally thought to have been developed in the early medieval period among the farming and metalworking communities of the

7987:

is said to have "saved more lives ... than were lost in all the wars of mankind since the beginning of recorded history."

7971:, which opened in 1830. With his role in the marketing and manufacturing of the steam engine, and invention of modern coinage, 7685:

century. Dickens influenced many aspects of Christmas that are celebrated today in Western culture, such as family gatherings,

7571: 7510: 3416:, opened in 1576. The establishment of large and profitable public theatres was an essential enabling factor in the success of 3320: 2648:, were said to have freed themselves from foreign musical influences, to have begun writing in a distinctively national idiom. 17: 19071: 18298: 11798: 11273:"Hadrian's Wall: A horde of ancient treasures make for a compelling new Cumbrian exhibition". The Independent. 8 November 2016 7438:

who came from Scotland) began in 597 AD. Early English Christian documents from this time include the 7th-century illuminated

2358:" is often considered quintessentially English). Other writers are associated with specific regions of England; these include 19521: 19016: 18916: 18878: 18855: 18833: 18811: 18790: 18766: 18747: 18726: 18700: 18677: 18658: 18639: 18616: 18560: 18541: 18484: 18465: 18446: 18394: 17155: 16523: 15960:

Robertson Cochrane. Wordplay: origins, meanings, and usage of the English language. p.126. University of Toronto Press, 1996

15887: 12796: 12615: 10995: 10850: 9567: 9420: 8507: 3123: 16336: 14845:

had invested £80,000 in the 1890s in a new 60,000-barrel brewery designed to make lager, but the venture was not successful.

14062: 13785:

Rhubarb is strictly a vegetable but is used for culinary purposes like a fruit. Yorkshire Forced Rhubarb is produced in the

9739:

is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2010 its MBA programme was ranked best in the world by the

9125:

Boat Club, rowed between men's and women's open-weight eights on the River Thames, has taken place. It is also known as the

5965:

status. Homegrown artisanal cheeses are made by both long-established and new producers. These include hard cheeses such as

12546: 12258: 12203: 12125: 10131:

is marked as the day of the patron saint, and is also celebrated as the day of the birth and death of William Shakespeare.

9692: 9101:, the English dessert strawberries and cream is synonymous with the English summer, and is famously consumed at Wimbledon. 8177: 7461:

In 1536, the Church of England split from Rome over the issue of the divorce (technically, the marriage annulment) of King

6795:

is considered the most prestigious accent in England. Despite the country's relatively small size, there are many distinct

3449: 3157: 2449: 2394: 1285:("English work") was recognised as the finest embroidery in Europe. Perhaps the best known piece of Anglo-Saxon art is the 17555: 14073: 13205: 8875:

are by far the most successful club having won the competition 32 times outright and sharing it on 1 other occasion.

8597:

England has a strong sporting heritage and many sports were codified by the English, and then spread worldwide, including

14668:

Double Chocolate Stout and Siren Brewery's Broken Dream Breakfast Stout, which won CAMRA's Champion Beer of Britain 2018

13027: 12799: 11238: 11213: 10907: 10142:, depicting three lions. The three lions form the basis of several emblems of English national sports teams, such as the 8225: 7482: 7242: 6661: 6551: 4061:

opened in London in 1773. As an equestrian master Astley had a skill for trick horse-riding, and when he added tumblers,

2672: 1725: 271: 16705: 16623: 6845:) and the Internet, as well as the emergence of the United States as a global superpower, Modern English has become the 6274: 3736:(actually never a very common character in Restoration comedy). The single play that does most to support the charge of 1603: 19739: 18424: 16133:

Ronald Shillingford (2010). "The History of the World's Greatest- Entrepreneurs: Biographies of Success". p. 64–69

14050: 12903: 12430: 12133: 11829: 10323: 8964: 8948: 7579: 6282: 3723: 1818: 1578: 855: 14140: 13840:

Bacon may be either smoked or unsmoked. The latter is termed 'green', and is paler and milder than the smoked variety.

11534: 11105: 10749: 10637: 3256:

the five most commercially successful English directors since 2001. Other contemporary directors from England include

1622:, while the chapel's stained-glass windows and wooden chancel screen are considered some of the finest from their era. 29: 19963: 19905: 19756: 19475: 19217: 19043: 18993: 18962: 18591: 18518: 18222: 17756: 17179: 17132: 16487: 16060: 15965: 15949: 15932: 15910: 15867: 15797: 15685: 15535: 11596: 11510: 10260: 10162: 9757: 8890: 7575: 7423: 2719: 2334:

Writers often associated with England, or who are seen to express Englishness, include Shakespeare (who produced two

1542: 873: 207: 14371: 14361:

French and Italian butters are often made with cream containing bacterial culture, which gives them a riper flavour.

14188:"White loaf baked in a special tin and cut lengthwise along the top, often dusted with flour." Flour Advisory Bureau 13740:

Yorkshire Curd Tart is a baked cheesecake made with curd cheese, sugar, currants, allspice and sometimes rosewater.

13449: 13392: 13245: 12086: 12004:"Presidential Address delivered by Sir Arthur Sullivan at the Town Hall, Birmingham on 19 October 1888: About Music" 11363: 10657: 19832: 16916: 15944:

Richard Michael Kelly (ed.) (2003), A Christmas Carol. pp.9,12 Broadview Literary Texts, New York: Broadview Press

15593: 15348: 14307: 13995:. They may be matured for several weeks and 'fed' from time to time with alcohol such as sherry, Madeira or brandy. 13503: 9974:

is also a widely read magazine covering current affairs, international business, politics, science and technology.

9761: 9753: 9654: 7968: 7514: 6846: 6546: 6201:

is a usually sold as a non-alcoholic, carbonated drink flavoured with ginger, but is sometimes brewed (fermented).

5949:

and there are now over 750 different cheeses. Recent decades have seen English replicas of French cheeses, such as

5521: 4202: 2786: 1546: 1262:. The two periods of outstanding achievement were the 7th and 8th centuries, with the metalwork and jewellery from 694: 516: 17255: 16381: 16367:

Kiely, Ray (November 2011). "Industrialization and Development: A Comparative Analysis". UGL Press Limited: 25–26.

14156: 13612: 9419:

is widely regarded as the best darts player of all time, having won 187 professional tournaments, and a record 16

9278:

is the most successful racehorse in the event's history. Red Rum is also the best-known racehorse in the country.

8905:

in the last minute of extra time against Australia. England was one of the host nations of the competition in the

8192:

began in England due to the social, economic and political changes implemented in the previous centuries. Whereas

3990:

in 1871, the world's leading artists from many performance genres have appeared on its stage. It is the venue for

19357: 19141: 16861: 16502:

Ronald Shillingford (2010). "The History of the World's Greatest- Entrepreneurs: Biographies of Success". p.64-69

14168: 13423: 10724: 9702: 9658: 9495: 9010: 8806: 8701: 8386: 8229: 7882: 7528:

developed from the 18th century onward. The Methodist revival was started in England by a group of men including

7418:

Christianity was reintroduced into England by missionaries from Scotland and from Continental Europe: the era of

3302: 3212: 3156:. Some of the most commercially successful films of all time have been produced in England, including two of the 2817:, an annual summer season of daily classical music concerts, is a significant event in English musical life. The 2735: 2457: 1923: 9274:

in early April. It is the most watched horse race in the UK, attracting casual observers, and three-time winner

9070: 3121:. Hitchcock and Lean are among the most critically acclaimed directors of all time. Hitchcock's first thriller, 2448:

making up the top five. In 2005, some 206,000 books were published in the United Kingdom and in 2006 it was the

1332: 19722: 19207: 18942: 18710: 17835: 14784: 14346: 14112: 13937: 10143: 9811: 9575: 9408: 9290: 9048: 8713: 8693: 5750:

is another traditional English treat. Cheese scones are made using grated cheese with a strong flavour such as

4127: 3830: 3216:(1979), a film regularly voted the funniest of all time by the UK public. English producers are also active in 2355: 1356:

was more popular in England than anywhere else. English Renaissance sculpture was mainly architectural and for

323: 18145: 17209: 15065:(bottled brown and draught mild ale), mother-in-law (old and bitter), and mild and bitter (abbreviated to AB). 12705: 8767:

is the world's most-watched football league, most lucrative, and amongst the elite. Its biggest clubs include

5945:

in 1994, but many of the remaining producers sell added-value products such as artisanal cheese and farmhouse

1329:. Medieval English painting, mainly religious, had a strong national tradition and was influential in Europe. 20170: 19983: 19171: 16213: 14764: 14441: 13687: 12656:'Popular Entertainments through the Ages', Samuel McKechnie. London; Sampson Low, Marston & Co Ltd., 1931 10573: 10194: 10128: 9195: 8872: 8449: 8394: 7598: 7292: 6483:, is a recurring character. There are various still surviving national and regional folk activities, such as 4447: 4336:. Traditional meals have ancient origins, such as bread, vegetables, cheese and onions, popular today as the 3758: 2700: 2632: 2614: 2594: 2588: 1758: 1534: 1428: 1293:

patron from English artists working in the traditional Anglo-Saxon style. Anglo-Saxon artists also worked in

928: 549: 17695: 15491: 12717: 10791: 10674: 8856:), winning the 2019 edition in a final regarded as one of the greatest one day internationals ever played. 6239:

and Greene King are the two largest brewers of premium cask and bottled beers, having grown by acquisition.

5671: 20258: 20008: 19763: 19677: 19166: 19091: 18351: 15522:

Der English Dialect Survey und der Linguistic Survey of Scotland – Arbeitsmethoden und bisherige Ergebnisse

14593: 14579: 13229: 12104: 11415: 9727: 9571: 9404: 9358: 9086: 9075: 8461: 8094: 7733: 7713: 7349: 6799:, and individuals with particularly strong accents may not be easily understood everywhere in the country. 6439: 4830:, pioneered in England by JB Eastwood Ltd. owned by John Bealby Eastwood, significantly reduced the price. 4323: 4133: 4000: 3356: 3217: 3053: 2049: 1607: 18077: 15061:(stout and pale ale), Cooper (stout and porter), light and bitter (draught bitter and bottled light ale), 14176: 13484: 13083: 9861:

is a publicly funded broadcaster that has been in service since 1922, paid by taxation. Its mission is to

9756:

is responsible to Parliament for education. Standards in state schools are monitored and inspected by the

9059:, England competes as part of the Great Britain team. English supporters are now more likely to carry the 6724:

is a frequently reported ghost sighting in the UK. Differing accounts include seeing her ghost ride up to

4750:

first appeared in supermarkets in the late 1970s, initially as a seasonal item. Meats served as part of a

2520:. It has its own distinct variations and regional peculiarities. Ballads featuring Robin Hood, printed by 77: 20322: 20180: 19822: 19777: 19638: 19156: 19151: 19131: 19008: 16701: 15320: 15062: 14224:

A type of cob loaf. " Round, crusty white loaf with a deeply cut cross on the top." Flour Advisory Bureau

10084: 9793: 9735:

has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The

9109: 7729: 6741: 6512: 6141:

have been used to differentiate between pale ales of different shades. Other types of ale include strong

6013: 5996:

are typical and rather iconic drinks in England. Beer is used metaphorically to refer to pleasure, as in

5966: 4413: 3925: 3308: 2705: 2641: 2484: 2453: 1833: 1679: 1615: 1150: 1023: 865: 509: 129: 119: 17281: 16834: 14718: 13524: 11660: 10541: 5859: 1805:

in Bath; a temple was constructed on the site between 60–70CE in the first few decades of Roman Britain.

20273: 20225: 20095: 20090: 19817: 19785: 19648: 19588: 19470: 19465: 19031: 18575: 18502: 17530: 14858: 13979: 13233: 12362: 12149: 11026: 10373: 9732: 9638: 9584: 9416: 9400: 9306: 7399:. Archaeological evidence for Christian communities begins to appear in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The 7321:

is the seat of the Primate of All England, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the most senior bishop of the

7221: 6784: 6779: 6383: 6332: 3592: 3582: 3362: 3162: 2715: 2675:, which was the longest running classical music festival of its kind until the final concerts in 1912. 2598: 2576: 2010: 1566: 1498: 1106: 635: 472: 19066: 18184: 16887: 14949: 11000: 10945: 8867:, winning this format in 2010 beating rivals Australia in the final. In the domestic competition, the 8848:

was viewed by 7.4 million as it was available on terrestrial television. England has hosted five

4631:. Butchers sell artisanal sausages, which are sometimes made from the meat of pedigree breeds such as 4515: 4021:

Pulcinella went down particularly well with Restoration English audiences, fun-starved after years of

2460:, to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". The society is a cultural tenant at London's 1652:, those which are considered of most importance to the historic and cultural heritage of the country. 911:

which followed facilitiated the development of new artistic styles for domestic architecture, notably

19628: 19480: 16675: 16598: 15604: 15243: 13053: 12873:"Bread and cheese and onions were traditional for centuries, carried in bag or pocket to the fields" 11846: 10331: 9823: 9718: 9235: 8717: 7936:, and numerous important bridges, hence revolutionising public transport and modern-day engineering. 7337: 6392: 6036: 5989: 5921: 5821: 5813: 5228: 5042: 4632: 4612: 4417: 4104: 4008: 3961: 3865: 3207: 3181: 2554: 1967: 1554: 1368:, but in the 18th century a native tradition became much admired. It is considered to be typified by 1259: 983: 279: 17813: 17088: 14837:

Oxford Gold are brand examples. Golden ale was developed at the end of the 1980s to compete against

7469:. The split led to the emergence of a separate ecclesiastical authority. Later the influence of the 6029: 5954: 5101: 3703:. In the mid-1690s, a brief second Restoration comedy renaissance arose, aimed at a wider audience. 1589:(the most-visited modern art gallery in the world, with around 4.7 million visitors per year). 20230: 20055: 19717: 19623: 19593: 19538: 19490: 17730: 17463: 15616:

Jurisdiction Of Courts In England And Wales And Their Recognition Of Foreign Insolvency Proceedings

14970: 14918: 14842: 14780: 14751: 13941: 12729:

McCabe, John. "Comedy World of Stan Laurel". p. 143. London: Robson Books, 2005, First edition 1975

12307: 9886: 9722: 9090: 8876: 8810: 8752: 8298:

were successful in business and contributed the Industrial Revolution. This included ironmaking by

8237: 8205: 7890: 7502: 7259: 6424: 5906: 5874: 5412:, also referred to as 'bacon and eggs' or a 'fry up', typically comprises a choice from rashers of 5267: 5223:

consists of meat and vegetables cooked in stock, sometimes thickened with barley or other cereals.

4827: 4787: 4589: 4557: 4058: 4046: 3896: 3602: 3265: 3168: 2367: 1638:. Membership with them, even on a temporary basis, gives priority free access to their properties. 1630:

are devoted to the preservation and public access of both natural and cultural heritage, including

1550: 1519: 1459: 1255: 1177: 1125: 1086: 916: 912: 137: 16447: 15651: 15377:

Dan Parry (2006). "Blackbeard: The Real Pirate of the Caribbean". p. 174. National Maritime Museum

14038: 11688: 9563:

statue in Winchester, Hampshire. The 9th-century English king encouraged education in his kingdom.

9135:

has been prominent in England; due in part to its cultural and geographical ties to Scotland, the

8743:, and England has the oldest football clubs in the world. At club level, England is recognised by 8431:): it was a revolutionary development necessary for the Industrial Revolution. Brunel created the 7990: 6323:. While many legends and folk-customs are thought to be ancient, for instance the tales featuring 4969:

The most popular types of fish in England, mainly imported through seaside and coastal towns, are

4834: 3936:

mirrored on the UK free festival movement and associated travelling lifestyle. The most prominent

20235: 20197: 19729: 19603: 19202: 19084: 18718: 14930: 13741: 11305: 11283: 10071: 10059: 10029: 9714: 9706: 9696: 9603: 9599: 9578:" to indicate that they were open to the public regardless of religious beliefs. In Tudor times, 9537: 9513: 9282: 9094: 9038: 8864: 8704:

in the first ever international football match in 1872. Referred to as the "home of football" by

8654: 8382: 7925: 7689:

and drink, dancing, games, and a festive generosity of spirit. A prominent phrase from the tale,

7557: 7518: 7494: 7419: 6763: 6759: 6516: 6429: 5833: 5204: 3818: 3809:

believed that humans were inherently good but capable of being led astray. Through plays such as

3692: 3289: 3199: 2908:

to the globe. Many musical genres have origins in (or strong associations with) England, such as

2177: 2120: 1961: 1337: 1146: 1102: 631: 605: 467: 18002: 17977: 17380: 14319: 13902:

researches, records and publishes the history, heritage and traditions of the English breakfast.

13637: 12820: 11331: 10843:

Iron, Ornament and Architecture in Victorian Britain: Myth and Modernity, Excess and Enchantment

9089:

is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and widely considered the most prestigious. Major

6173:

is an Indian-style lager that was created in 1989 to be drunk with food, which is now brewed in

4049:

dates back more than 300 years in Britain, making it one of the oldest family circus dynasties.

20155: 19746: 19658: 19528: 19393: 19388: 16001: 14945: 14681: 14649: 14645: 13572: 12179: 11440: 10383: 10315: 10065: 9819: 9736: 9555: 9541: 9517: 9396: 9391:

is a widely popular sport in England; a professional competitive sport, darts is a traditional

9203: 9014: 8956: 8853: 8841: 8818: 8768: 8213: 8118: 7490: 7473:

resulted in the Church of England adopting its distinctive reformed Catholic position known as

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they strove to appeal to an audience's noble sentiments so that viewers could be reformed. The

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were significant. Classical music attracted much attention from 1784 with the formation of the

2645: 2560: 2403: 2134: 2080: 1905: 1797: 1507: 1205: 1051: 1027: 932: 796: 705:

influenced architecture, to (in the later Anglo-Saxon period) an architecture characterised by

267: 18889: 15735: 14273:, salt, water and a little oil or fat. Home baking has been encouraged by the introduction of 13571:

A raised pie (i.e. a free-standing pie that does not have the support of a pie tin) made with

12952: 8821:, England became the first country to win the World Cups in football, rugby union and cricket. 6515:. There is no official national costume, but a few costumes are well established, such as the 5651: 4672: 1479:

periods, the first major native portrait painters of the British school were English painters

20125: 20085: 20065: 20045: 19948: 19898: 19795: 19790: 19734: 19543: 18977: 18843: 18382: 15700:

Anthony Wright (1994). "Citizens and subjects: an essay on British politics". Routledge, 1994

15414: 14854: 14730: 13379: 10816: 10288: 10186: 10139: 10114: 9631: 9463: 9176: 9148: 9002: 8525: 8432: 8424: 8287: 8251: 8217: 8209: 8189: 8161: 8134: 8078: 7994: 7953: 7941: 7929: 7921: 7917: 7774: 7773:

is regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the

7757: 7741: 7660: 7545: 7462: 7326: 6597: 6348: 6056: 6021: 5816:, but from the 1990s there has been growing interest in artisanal and home baking as well as 5299: 4471: 4333: 4318: 4302: 4194: 3660: 3656: 3648: 3640: 3514: 3133: 2818: 2652: 2501: 2480: 2212: 2112: 1932: 1822: 1699: 1627: 1523: 1444: 1427:), prime ministers and generals to account. The early 19th century saw the emergence of the 1134: 1067: 1034: 979: 971: 920: 904: 777: 710: 583: 336: 257: 192: 38: 34: 17112: 15458: 11470: 10303:– who went to war over control of the royal house. It is also known as the Rose of England. 9357:

are all, or have been, located in the south of England. England also has a rich heritage in

6600:

where sailors or ship's remains are consigned to the bottom of the sea is first recorded by

5958: 1487:, who also specialised in clothing their subjects in an eye-catching manner. Gainsborough's 1273:

As in most of Europe at the time, metalwork was the most highly regarded form of art by the

582:

Many scientific and technological advancements originated in England, the birthplace of the

20263: 20060: 19751: 19705: 19608: 19533: 19460: 19443: 19419: 17917: 17780:"The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2007 – Profile for London School of Economics" 17358: 16942: 16086: 14895: 14874: 13915:

in the 1970s, but as of 2018 it is now again possible to buy white eggs from a supermarket.

13912: 13864:, although more common in Scotland and Ireland, is traditional in certain parts of England. 13016: 11597:"Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Minister for Arts, Heritage and Tourism) – GOV.UK" 11188: 10300: 10217: 10174: 10147: 10135: 10035: 9710: 9579: 9549: 9533: 9525: 9509: 9436: 9251: 9126: 9118: 9052: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9018: 8996: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8894: 8833: 8802: 8788: 8740: 8610: 8495: 8494:. The ideas of these thinkers have influenced transcendental historical events such as the 8487: 8479: 8343: 8303: 8275: 7798: 7625: 7431: 7376:

practised by the Scandinavian peoples and that would later be introduced to England by the

7365: 7318: 6826: 6767: 6555: 6387: 6236: 5978: 5942: 5731: 5354: 5232: 4763: 4640: 4596: 4549: 4337: 4301:

period, English cuisine enjoyed an excellent reputation, though a decline began during the

4239: 4100: 3917: 3814: 3810: 3774: 3684: 3633: 3577: 3442: 3436: 3277: 2794: 2694: 2236: 2193: 2141: 2022: 1976: 1915: 1791: 1722:, is the largest Roman artefact anywhere: it runs a total of 73 miles in northern England. 1670:, registering historic parks and gardens and by advising central and local government. The 1558: 1503: 999: 987: 975: 967: 948: 885: 773: 736: 561: 393: 163: 17050: 16964: 15057:

It was formerly common for different types of beer to be mixed as a cocktail, for example

14510: 13189: 12690:"It's behind you: To understand the British—and have fun—go and see a Christmas pantomime" 8393:

is the world's first underground railway. Known as the "Father of Railways", Stephenson's

8204:

spirit and consumer revolution drove industrialisation in Britain. Under the newly formed

6070: 6064: 5172: 3138: 787:

All these saints brought pilgrims to their churches, but among them the most renowned was

8: 20283: 20268: 20215: 20185: 20140: 20135: 20110: 19968: 19712: 19665: 19504: 19455: 19283: 19278: 19187: 18271: 16179: 15633: 14969:'s Hobgoblin (described by the brewery as a 'ruby beer' and by some as a strong bitter), 14962: 14792: 14768: 14755:

Triangle, which was the same as Red Triangle except the Blue wasn't bottle conditioned."

14710: 14607: 11492: 10913: 10225: 9997: 9913: 9680: 9570:

have a long history in England; some were set up before the tenth century. The oldest is

9467: 9293:. Since then, England has produced some of the greatest drivers in the sport, including; 9286: 8992: 8868: 8792: 8760: 8709: 8491: 8416: 8389:, opened in 1825, was the first public railway to use steam locomotives. Opened in 1863, 8335: 8327: 8315: 8197: 8153: 8114: 8082: 7957: 7656: 7466: 7439: 7427: 7412: 7388: 7356:, were practised before Christianity took hold. The most notable of these religions were 7330: 7309: 7276: 7262:", insisting that defendants' accusers and their evidence be thoroughly tested in court. 5690:

are small round cakes filled with currants. Other items served for afternoon tea include

5342: 5081: 4727: 4290: 3853: 3822: 3726:, real-life Restoration rake, courtier and poet, is flatteringly portrayed in Etherege's 3534: 3479: 3463: 3417: 3333: 2743: 2056: 2026: 2018: 1919: 1754: 1484: 1480: 1381: 1345: 1227: 1185: 1130: 944: 908: 889: 847: 819: 815: 800: 792: 698: 243: 167: 68: 20253: 18606: 18027: 16539: 16239: 16090: 14813: 13562:

Despite the name, Scotch eggs appear to have originated in England rather than Scotland.

13368: 11570: 10872: 9552:

in the world. Apprenticeship was the main way for youths to enter practical occupations.

8798: 6048: 5675: 5378: 4635:. English sausages generally contain about 70 per cent meat, bread rusk and seasonings. 3616:, ca. 1608–13) could exert influences. After about 1610, the new hybrid subgenre of the 2785:

in the 19th century showed a new vitality in English music. Indeed, whilst President of

2172:

with his satirical verse became well regarded. The English played a significant role in

1888:

is an example of how English literature influenced English painting in the 18th century.

20165: 20115: 20075: 20033: 20028: 20023: 20013: 19998: 19993: 19988: 19973: 19958: 19953: 19943: 19938: 19933: 19858: 19700: 19516: 19485: 19424: 19303: 19235: 19136: 19116: 18867: 18801: 18689: 17609: 16990:"Rugby League World Cup 2013 will provide the sport with a true test of its popularity" 16648: 16104: 15822: 14323: 13772:

is traditionally thickened with egg, but may also refer to 'instant' custard made with

13343: 13273: 13107: 12899: 12645: 11960: 11933:"Review of The English Musical Renaissance, 1860–1940: Construction and Deconstruction" 11516: 10319: 10292: 10280: 10256: 10047: 9455: 9326: 9271: 9034: 8930: 8860: 8390: 7850: 7737: 7506: 7251: 7237: 7051: 6955: 6822: 6774: 6669: 6468: 6464: 6397: 6130: 5896: 5723: 5358: 5224: 5077: 5054: 4998: 4906: 4636: 4593: 4519: 4455: 3826: 3798: 3680: 3652: 3629: 3500: 3468: 3409: 3337: 3297: 3153: 2841: 2530: 2205: 1870: 1802: 1715: 1703: 1667: 1511: 1412: 1353: 1038: 960: 683: 568: 454: 289: 105: 16797:"England 1st country to win Cricket World Cup, Football World Cup and Rugby World Cup" 15440:

Sticklers, Sideburns & Bikinis: The Military Origins of Everyday Words and Phrases

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is credited as being a pioneer of the game. The world's oldest tennis tournament, the

8415:

for most of the world's railways. Henry Maudsley's most influential invention was the

8369:

Other important English engineers and inventors in the Industrial Revolution include:

8228:. In 1825 the world's first permanent steam locomotive-hauled passenger railway – the 7348:

Christianity became the dominant religion in England in the 7th century. Polytheistic

6791:

has become more widespread through education, the media and socio-economic pressures.

6604:

in 1726. Johnson's 1724 book gave a mythical status to famous English pirates such as

4775: 4755: 4680: 4664: 3675:. For the first time women were allowed to act, putting an end to the practice of the 3346:; a golden age in English history where the arts, drama and creative work flourished. 3240:, who emerged from making 1970s UK television commercials. The UK film council ranked 2757: 1070:

and the rural lifestyle, evidenced by the number of visitors to properties managed by

1026:

developed in England and was preferred for many types of buildings and city planning.

795:

in 1170. As a place of pilgrimage Canterbury was, in the 13th century, second only to

20278: 20220: 20160: 20150: 20130: 20120: 20105: 20100: 20080: 20050: 20018: 20003: 19978: 19914: 19670: 19403: 19398: 19298: 19250: 19039: 19012: 18989: 18958: 18938: 18912: 18874: 18851: 18829: 18807: 18786: 18780: 18762: 18743: 18737: 18722: 18696: 18673: 18654: 18635: 18628: 18612: 18587: 18556: 18537: 18514: 18480: 18461: 18442: 18420: 18409: 18390: 18218: 18052: 17892: 17651: 17601: 17332: 17151: 16738: 16565: 16519: 16483: 16343: 16056: 15961: 15945: 15928: 15906: 15883: 15863: 15793: 15681: 15531: 14834: 14796: 14738: 14722: 14400: 14152: 14009: 13878: 13773: 13745: 13598: 13253: 13040: 12792: 12426: 12129: 11952: 11520: 11506: 10970: 10846: 10311: 10272: 10229: 10039: 10003: 9901: 9827: 9627: 9615: 9122: 8849: 8845: 8814: 8784: 8728:. With a British television audience peak of 32.30 million viewers, the final is the 8670: 8521: 8503: 8374: 8370: 8323: 8221: 8193: 8169: 8042: 8026: 7979:) is regarded as one of the most influential entrepreneurs in history. The physician 7964: 7945: 7725: 7680: 7639:

Protests followed as pro-Christmas rioting broke out in several cities and for weeks

7633: 7607: 7590:, voted the best crime novel of the 1930s by the British Crime Writers' Association. 7587: 7549: 7396: 7357: 7322: 7296: 7284: 7280: 7225: 7115: 6987: 6834: 6579: 6452: 6409: 6404:, may have been based on a real figure from Sub-Roman Britain. Many of the tales and 6328: 6320: 6304: 6174: 6161:. Bitter became the predominant English beer style in the 1950s, largely supplanting 6114: 5941:

and the number of dairy farms has diminished considerably since the abolition of the

5901: 5847: 5715: 5553: 5517: 5445: 5014: 4878: 4759: 4731: 4644: 4577: 4565: 4561: 4541: 4487: 4483: 4280: 4174: 4121: 3975: 3957: 3941: 3901: 3780: 3711: 3612: 3512:

was a very popular genre. Marlowe's tragedies were exceptionally successful, such as

3245: 2929: 2667:

have tended to overshadow instrumental composition. The semi-operatic innovations of

2626: 2602: 2539: 2408: 2100: 2005: 1993: 1927: 1814: 1762: 1733: 1729: 1719: 1683: 1662:. It is tasked with protecting the historic environment of England by preserving and 1349: 1322: 1201: 1121: 1011: 869: 804: 679: 675: 623: 589: 341: 184: 18325: 18211: 17582:"The Background to the Statute of Artificers: The Genesis of Labour Policy, 1558–63" 15198:

Wines of Great Britain Limited (Wine GB), the official body for the UK Wine Industry

15075: 14934: 14702: 14322:. Cottage cheese can also be referred to as curds and whey, as in the nursery rhyme 13895: 13769: 13528: 12978: 12003: 11022: 10232:); he hid in an oak tree to avoid detection before making it safely into exile. The 9574:, which was founded in 597. A group of these schools, much later, invoked the name " 8216:

created excessive innovations in science and engineering. Domestically it drove the

5870: 5603: 5568: 5030: 3757:

During the second wave of Restoration comedy in the 1690s, the "softer" comedies of

3366:(c. 1400–1425) depicts an archetypal figure's progress from birth through to death. 2268: 20190: 20145: 20070: 20040: 19928: 19891: 19867: 19807: 19692: 19613: 19383: 18981: 18579: 18506: 17593: 16108: 16094: 15776: 14966: 14830: 14726: 14603: 14270: 13874: 13823: 13786: 13593: 13410: 13342:

AHDB Beef and Lamb division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board.

13249: 13103: 12916: 12915:

By 2017 UK consumers ate almost four times more packaged than fresh food, often as

12887: 11944: 11498: 11345: 11051: 10700:"Regency | British Architectural Dates and Styles | Property | UK | Mayfair Office" 10327: 10178: 10043: 10024: 9979: 9803: 9684: 9560: 9451: 9412: 9365:, and produced several World Champions across all the various class of motorcycle: 9346: 9136: 9105: 8984: 8918: 8592: 8579: 8573: 8444: 8437: 8351: 8319: 8271: 8010: 7984: 7894: 7886: 7866: 7770: 7694: 7583: 7570:

is the traditional method of bell ringing in English churches, co-ordinated by the

7361: 7083: 6971: 6923: 6814: 6806: 6802: 6788: 6746: 6649: 6575: 6524: 6496: 6456: 6415: 6359: 6355: 6294: 6166: 6126: 6017: 5926: 5699: 5663: 5647: 5493: 5283: 4858: 4783: 4628: 4624: 3983: 3971: 3967: 3964:

described the Proms as "the world's largest and most democratic musical festival".

3861: 3857: 3849: 3742: 3733: 3664: 3587: 3520: 3484: 3430: 3381: 3372:(c. 1567), a late "hybrid morality" and one of the earliest examples of an English 3145: 3128: 3118: 3082: 3070: 3062: 2981: 2976:

were pioneers of punk rock. Some of England's leading contemporary artists include

2921: 2913: 2909: 2798: 2710: 2688: 2682: 2471:

during the British Empire, literature is now written in English across the world.

2429: 2324: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2220: 2037: 1989: 1971: 1826: 1783: 1774: 1711: 1655: 1641: 1631: 1598: 1574: 1440: 1397: 1181: 1138: 1094: 1071: 974:

to design and rebuild London and many of its ruined ancient churches following the

724: 627: 365: 331: 299: 202: 197: 16862:"2019 Cricket World Cup final: England beat Black Caps in greatest ODI in history" 14750:

IPA was pioneered by George Hodgson's Bow Brewery and popularized in the 1820s by

14543: 14489: 14215:"Round smooth crusted loaf often topped with cracked wheat." Flour Advisory Bureau 11858: 10509: 10412: 9904:

radio network is broadcast in 33 languages globally. Other radio broadcasters are

7766: 6265:

in England at the start of the 21st century led to an upsurge in interest in both

5839: 5005:

in Devon has the highest value catch in England; other domestic fisheries include

1062:

are associated with a sense of traditional Englishness, as is often the palatial '

19800: 19598: 19288: 19240: 19161: 18821: 18416: 17260: 17233:

Fry, Peter (July 2000). Samuel Ryder: The Man Behind the Ryder Cup. Wright Press.

17119: 16513: 16286: 15639: 15622: 15600: 15551: 15352: 14941: 14714: 14706: 14452: 14069: 13453: 13375: 12995: 12991: 12572: 12262: 12238: 12207: 10940: 10437: 10388: 10252: 10237: 9954: 9909: 9746: 9741: 9664: 9642: 9471: 9443: 9354: 9207: 9199: 9168: 9060: 8898: 8697: 8428: 8363: 8299: 8259: 8247: 8201: 8173: 8149: 8030: 7972: 7937: 7898: 7838: 7830: 7818: 7786: 7709: 7675: 7624:

also responded, promoting the festival in a more religiously oriented form. King

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and is very common as a lunchtime and picnic item with a wide range of fillings.

5097: 4905:

are associated with Christmas, as are oranges, which are traditionally placed in

4902: 4870: 4842: 4811: 4771: 4767: 4585: 4451: 4438:

is a food traditionally associated with the English; the link was made famous by

4425: 4233: 4223: 4154: 4096: 4082: 4077:'s Circus Royal, among the most popular circuses of Victorian England, showcased 3751: 3728: 3715: 3625: 3351: 3253: 3191: 3149: 3074: 2997: 2985: 2802: 2790: 2782: 2521: 2390: 2359: 2320: 2316: 2276: 2264: 2228: 2216: 2104: 1957: 1879: 1769: 1691: 1663: 1649: 1454: 1448: 1408: 1385: 1373: 1357: 1326: 1286: 1282: 1251: 1235: 1193: 1046: 1003: 956: 924: 877: 839: 811: 749: 614:

monuments were erected during the prehistoric period; amongst the best known are

462: 174: 17710:"The Right to a Comprehensive Education - Second Caroline Benn Memorial Lecture" 17637: 16515:

The Origins of Railway Enterprise: The Stockton and Darlington Railway 1821–1863

14278: 13849: 12492: 12255: 12200: 8763:

were the first cup and league competitions respectively. In the modern day, the

7611:

played a major role in reviving the "spirit" of Christmas and seasonal goodwill.

6219:

or half-pint, either in a straight glass or a dimpled glass tankard (known as a

5220: 3740:

levelled then and now at Restoration comedy is probably Wycherley's masterpiece

3718:

reflected the atmosphere at Court and celebrated with frankness an aristocratic

1850:

travel guide rated England as the second best country to visit that year, after

1222: 1089:

at Stourhead, described as a 'living work of art' when first opened in the 1750s

868:

flourished from the 12th to the early 16th century, and famous examples include

682:

stretching right across northern England. Another well-preserved example is the

19872: 19653: 19643: 19245: 18597: 18524: 17709: 15478: 15089:"Pubs minister joins Beer Day Britain celebrations for Magna Carta Anniversary" 14891: 14673: 14465: 14416: 14141:'Classic British cake' is the theme of the GBBO final: which is your favourite? 14110:" Stands the Church clock at ten to three? And is there honey still for tea?", 14089: 13576: 13541: 13261: 13169: 12680:

David Christopher (2002). "British Culture: An Introduction". p. 74. Routledge,

12382: 10365: 10351: 10182: 10020: 9945: 9937: 9459: 9424: 9318: 9267: 9172: 9114: 8976: 8967:. Rugby League is most popular among towns in the northern English counties of 8772: 8764: 8748: 8642: 8563: 8513: 8471: 8412: 8378: 8347: 8062: 8046: 8034: 8022: 7814: 7790: 7721: 7567: 7533: 7447: 7407: 7373: 7247: 7229: 7179: 7147: 6838: 6830: 6755: 6725: 6657: 6504: 6484: 6476: 6405: 6257:, a gin-based drink containing a mixture of herbs and liquors, is used to make 6118: 6044: 6009: 5950: 5891: 5881: 5843: 5809: 5790: 5751: 5574: 5485: 5409: 5346: 5279: 5196: 5133: 5026: 5022: 4990: 4923: 4898: 4882: 4838: 4823: 4819: 4656: 4648: 4467: 4439: 4401: 4381: 4310: 4178: 4138: 4015: 3987: 3979: 3869: 3834: 3806: 3644: 3565: 3474: 3347: 3173: 3033: 2977: 2893: 2837: 2620: 2571: 2566: 2468: 2461: 2437: 2347: 2300: 2296: 2224: 2169: 2157: 2153: 2116: 2060: 1750: 1741: 1695: 1635: 1570: 1515: 1464: 1377: 1165: 1142: 1098: 998:

is noted for its elegance and achievements in architecture and urban planning.

991: 952: 940: 936: 843: 827: 687: 651: 611: 545: 497: 413: 250: 147: 112: 17939: 17306: 15343:

A general history of the robberies & murders of the most notorious pirates

12738:

J. P. Gallagher (1971). "Fred Karno: master of mirth and tears". p. 165. Hale.

12356: 9175:

in the women's. The world's oldest golf tournament, and golf's first major is

9139:. There are both professional tours for men and women, in two main tours: the 6809:, is one of three existing Brythonic languages; its usage has been revived in 5339: 5129: 5017:

is so named because it could historically be sourced from the fishing port of

4475: 4266: 3354:

in England. Characters were often used to represent different ethical ideals.

2809:

and others collected English folk tunes and adapted them to the concert hall.

97: 58: 49: 20316: 19573: 19429: 19336: 19331: 19273: 19192: 18583: 18510: 18434: 17605: 16742: 15921: 15709:

A V Dicey (1897). "Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution".

15388: 15142: 15058: 14974: 14274: 14128: 14117: 14085: 13992: 13861: 13310: 11956: 10284: 10268: 10213: 10205: 10053: 9991: 9985: 9970: 9676: 9611: 9595: 9529: 9505: 9479: 9366: 9322: 9310: 9298: 9263: 9144: 9056: 9044: 9006: 8545: 8539: 8517: 8339: 8307: 8157: 8141: 8074: 7998: 7980: 7949: 7910: 7902: 7878: 7874: 7858: 7846: 7810: 7806: 7761: 7686: 7271: 7233: 6754:

The English language originated in England and is the native language of the

6713: 6571: 6537: 6488: 6460: 6324: 6258: 6250: 6138: 6110: 6098: 6086: 6025: 5997: 5911: 5778: 5755: 5655: 5557: 5537: 5477: 5449: 5425: 5402: 5323: 5315: 5291: 5271: 5255: 5216: 5153: 5085: 5038: 4939: 4874: 4815: 4807: 4799: 4739: 4719: 4608: 4581: 4545: 4511: 4328: 4166: 4162: 4149: 4050: 3945: 3885: 3877: 3802: 3768: 3762: 3688: 3607: 3220:

and English actors, directors and crew feature regularly in Hollywood films.

3195: 3102: 3098: 3094: 2961: 2885: 2832:

became the most popular musicians of their time, and in the composing duo of

2770: 2731: 2668: 2660: 2656: 2608: 2582: 2525: 2445: 2441: 2398: 2383: 2371: 2351: 2328: 2312: 2292: 2288: 2260: 2240: 2201: 2129: 2108: 2088: 2084: 2064: 1938: 1846: 1787: 1530: 1416: 1369: 1318: 1310: 1302: 1298: 1290: 1197: 1189: 1169: 1059: 1019: 1007: 881: 859: 831: 788: 769: 647: 557: 294: 284: 227: 222: 17293: 17043:"The Saturday Soap Box: We have to make Jerusalem England's national anthem" 16433: 15978: 14260:"Large flat-topped loaf baked in a lidded square tin." Flour Advisory Bureau 13705: 13217: 12940: 8570:

widely used in laws and codes of professional work that looks to the future.

6228: 3350:

emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished in the early

19827: 19682: 19308: 19293: 19268: 19260: 14907:

Barley wine has an unusually high, wine-like, alcohol content of up to 12%.

14788: 13899: 13356: 13193: 13188:

in the City of London gained its name from offal puddings. At a later date

13185: 12619: 12377: 11502: 11381: 10296: 10276: 10169: 9958: 9843: 9619: 9607: 9475: 9382: 9370: 9294: 9259: 9255: 9247: 9231: 9227: 9223: 9215: 9184: 9164: 9152: 9051:, compete as a separate nations in some international sporting events. The 8988: 8960: 8944: 8940: 8934: 8886: 8780: 8776: 8686: 8630: 8622: 8614: 8557: 8311: 8283: 8279: 8098: 8090: 8066: 8006: 8002: 7906: 7870: 7854: 7822: 7794: 7782: 7671: 7541: 7537: 7384: 7369: 7131: 6866: 6679: 6645: 6633: 6629: 6601: 6593: 6583: 6559: 6528: 6500: 6492: 6278: 6212: 6186: 6106: 6040: 5974: 5805: 5759: 5687: 5619: 5549: 5453: 5362: 5319: 5311: 5303: 5208: 5188: 5145: 5121: 5093: 5010: 5006: 4958:

originated in England and English apple pie recipes go back to the time of

4917: 4826:. Consumption of chicken increased from the 1950s when the introduction of 4751: 4695: 4534: 4523: 4507: 4495: 4479: 4429: 4421: 4405: 4393: 4272: 4198: 4078: 4074: 4054: 3881: 3873: 3525: 3489: 3459: 3397: 3373: 3273: 3221: 3114: 3110: 3090: 3086: 3017: 3001: 2897: 2873: 2865: 2853: 2845: 2778: 2766: 2751: 2739: 2727: 2664: 2548: 2505: 2504:

is centuries old and has contributed to several genres prominently; mostly

2493: 2424: 2363: 2339: 2280: 2272: 2232: 2189: 2165: 2161: 2149: 1841: 1837: 1779: 1582: 1489: 1432: 1306: 1278: 1274: 1114: 1110: 1063: 897: 761: 659: 593: 553: 418: 388: 309: 304: 18985: 17690: 17171: 16729:"History and time are key to power of football, says Premier League chief" 15732:"The Rusty Dagger Awards 1996 – The Best British Crime Novel of the 1930s" 15160: 10617:

Alec Clifton-Taylor, The Cathedrals of England (Thames & Hudson, 1969)

10161:

are also English symbols; a modernised version of the rose is used by the

9250:

became the world's first woman to win an Olympic boxing gold medal at the

9179:, played both in England and Scotland. The biennial golf competition, the 8836:

is a composite England and Wales team. One of the game's top rivalries is

6535:. The utopian vision of a traditional England is sometimes referred to as 6249:

has been popular in England since the late 17th century and is mixed with

6134: 5002: 4837:

traditionally consists of roast goose, duck, pheasant or (now most often)

1157: 19583: 19326: 19318: 18776: 18494: 18404: 18241: 15195: 14878: 14760: 14611: 14554: 14375: 14022: 14005: 13882: 13589: 13446: 13257: 13111: 12591: 12457:

Foreman, Susan (2005). London: a musical gazetteer. Yale University Press

12121:

Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895–1960: On the Halls on the Screen

11092:"Satire, sewers and statesmen: why James Gillray was king of the cartoon" 10456: 10015: 9929: 9925: 9921: 9917: 9905: 9831: 9769: 9501: 9483: 9432: 9362: 9330: 9302: 9219: 9160: 8882: 8721: 8682: 8662: 8626: 8618: 8533: 8475: 8106: 7862: 7842: 7826: 7802: 7561: 7529: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7455: 7392: 7266: 7215: 6787:(mid 20th century), but many of these have passed out of common usage as 6737: 6721: 6703: 6699: 6687: 6613: 6609: 6480: 6444: 6363: 6232: 6224: 6204: 6198: 6150: 5801: 5786: 5782: 5770: 5766: 5703: 5683: 5667: 5659: 5643: 5639: 5611: 5578: 5497: 5481: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5382: 5236: 5200: 5192: 5176: 5164: 5073: 4846: 4795: 4723: 4703: 4616: 4600: 4569: 4527: 4377: 4298: 4294: 4158: 4029: 3937: 3786: 3784:(1697) has a light touch and more humanly recognisable characters, while 3707: 3695:

classical comedies, combining the various plotlines in adventurous ways.

3672: 3617: 3572:, which deals satirically with life in London after the fashion of Roman 3569: 3413: 3343: 3285: 3281: 3261: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3177: 3106: 3029: 3025: 3005: 2989: 2969: 2941: 2901: 2889: 2881: 2869: 2833: 2829: 2810: 2517: 2433: 2343: 2335: 2308: 2304: 2284: 2197: 2173: 2124: 2096: 2001: 1997: 1953: 1884: 1810: 1746: 1586: 1401: 1392: 1365: 1361: 1217: 1042: 1015: 781: 757: 643: 579:

is the government minister responsible for the cultural life of England.

572: 15826: 14952:

is an example of a stronger dark mild ale advertised as a Winter Warmer.

14881:

Strong Suffolk and Tower Brewery's Burton Strong Ale are brand examples.

14685: 14677: 14481: 12396: 12046: 11552: 10108: 8290:, and illustrated catalogues. Described as "natural capitalists" by the 5062: 4604: 19839: 19578: 17613: 17581: 14870: 14734: 14665: 14526: 14485: 14026: 13962: 13827: 13657:

Host and Guest, A book about dinners, dinner-giving, wines and desserts

13298: 13095: 12224: 11110: 10378: 10264: 10241: 10158: 10100: 9851: 9847: 9454:. England has produced some of the world's greatest sailors, including 9447: 9378: 9334: 9314: 9243: 9239: 9211: 9156: 9108:

or wealthy owners of riverside houses. The oldest surviving such race,

9098: 9064: 8968: 8926: 8879:

situated in London is sometimes referred to as the "Mecca of Cricket".

8567: 8551: 8483: 8467: 8355: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8102: 8058: 8050: 8018: 7976: 7834: 7640: 7255: 7232:, it has been exported across the world: it is the basis of common law 6728:

in a coach drawn by a headless horseman, with her own head on her lap.

6675: 6653: 6605: 6336: 6273:. The south of England has seen the reintroduction of vineyards making 6170: 6142: 6063:, and more recently by the global influence of, particularly American, 5931: 5855: 5743: 5739: 5635: 5607: 5469: 5417: 5413: 5374: 5295: 5287: 5263: 5117: 5109: 5058: 5050: 4994: 4886: 4779: 4620: 4463: 4435: 4357: 4276: 4211: 4182: 4145: 4022: 3953: 3932:

movement from the late 1980s, which led to the pan-European culture of

3921: 3700: 3676: 3573: 3529: 3405: 3293: 3257: 3225: 3078: 3058: 3041: 2993: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2905: 2877: 2849: 2747: 2379: 2375: 2185: 2181: 2145: 2092: 2076: 2072: 2068: 1985: 1981: 1436: 1424: 1420: 1263: 1145:

preserve large gardens and landscape parks throughout the country. The

1055: 740: 732: 667: 663: 615: 18670:

Writing the English Republic: Poetry, Rhetoric and Politics, 1627–1660

17242: 16099: 16074: 15282:

Elms, Alan C. (1977). "The Three Bears": Four Interpretations". p. 257

15074:

Originally ginger beer was brewed by leaving water, sugar, ginger and

13206:

Spuds you'll like: Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall's winter potato recipes

12875:

Food in England: A complete guide to the food that makes us who we are

12776:

Food in England: A complete guide to the food that makes us who we are

11964: 11932: 10750:"Crystal Palace was "birth of modern architecture" says Norman Foster" 7275:—safeguarding individual freedom against arbitrary state action), the 1875: 1821:

in 1863 and was initiated in 1866. It was formally established by the

1242:

yet found. It consists of almost 4,600 items and metal fragments.

990:, evoking achievements in elegant architecture and city planning; the 701:-influenced architecture in the early period, through Early Christian 19341: 19212: 19035: 18954: 18302: 18028:"Sky TV Channels 2021 | Sky Entertainment Channel List – Cable.co.uk" 17673: 16733: 16605:(Winter 2016 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 14669: 14522: 14072:

Village Bakery. Scottish-style crumpets differ from English crumpets

13949: 13313:, are much contested, particularly as regards cooking roast potatoes. 13181: 11894: 10271:, was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of the 10233: 10221: 10209: 10190: 10124: 9964: 9897: 9874: 9866: 9807: 9768:(TIMSS) rated 13–14-year-old pupils in England 10th in the world for 9688: 9374: 9180: 8980: 8922: 8902: 8837: 8725: 8650: 8598: 8366:

is regarded as one of the most influential entrepreneurs in history.

8267: 8110: 8070: 8054: 7933: 7629: 7525: 6532: 6472: 6401: 6367: 6340: 6158: 6028:

is flavoured with bergamot. A cup of tea is often accompanied with a

6005: 6001: 5946: 5817: 5727: 5719: 5711: 5529: 5525: 5461: 5398: 5335: 5259: 5168: 5157: 4955: 4894: 4890: 4791: 4676: 4553: 4538: 4499: 4409: 4187: 4115: 4092: 4062: 3991: 3949: 3905: 3842: 3737: 3552: 3440:, or as a position from which an actor could harangue a crowd, as in 3389: 3269: 3009: 2973: 2953: 2925: 2917: 2857: 2825: 2814: 2256: 1619: 1611: 1415:

developed in England in the late 18th century under the direction of

1314: 1239: 995: 888:, one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England; 765: 639: 373: 19883: 18891:

The Story of a Great Delusion in a Series of Matter-of-fact Chapters

17597: 15107:"The sale of alcohol in licensed premises | Business Companion" 14469: 7744:

leading to the exchange of festive greeting cards among the public.

7481:

theology. For more detail of this period see the following article:

4019:

a significant period in English history, with Glyn Edwards stating:

1948: 1943: 1081: 19076: 18935:

A Social History of England: from the ice age to the channel tunnel

17307:"The History of British Motorsport and Motor Racing at Silverstone" 17205: 17075:

125 years of Wimbledon: From birth of lawn tennis to modern marvels

16893: 16840: 16008:(Fall 2008 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 14661: 13625: 13466: 13326:

A number of settlements in England are named after this vegetable.

13306: 13099: 11978: 11948: 11485: 10485:"Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport – GOV.UK" 10177:, known as Richard the Lionheart. Lions are frequently depicted in 9949: 9941: 9933: 9839: 9668: 9392: 9342: 9140: 8674: 8666: 8086: 7967:, built the first public inter-city railway line in the world, the 7648: 7435: 7353: 6810: 6717: 6695: 6641: 6448: 6162: 6154: 6090: 6075: 6052: 5774: 5735: 5707: 5545: 5489: 5429: 5184: 5137: 5125: 5089: 4866: 4862: 4850: 4747: 4743: 4715: 4660: 4573: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4341: 4256: 4170: 4066: 3933: 3838: 3719: 3597: 3385: 3368: 3021: 3013: 2957: 2513: 2428:

to find the "nation's best-loved novel" of all time, with works by

1707: 1247: 1173: 823: 772:; Westminster Abbey with the magnificent shrine of its founder St. 753: 720: 714: 706: 702: 671: 212: 17556:"King Alfred the Great: Contributions to Education & Literary" 16624:"BBC - A Sporting Nation - The first international football match" 15416:

The four years voyages of capt. George Roberts. Written by himself

15178: 14084:

A form of rounded, yeast-leavened bread, also used as the base of

13925:'Craster: inside Northumberland's centuries-old kipper smokehouse' 13070: 10658:

British History in depth: Christopher Wren and St Paul's Cathedral

10605: 10359: 9653:

bangle (kara). For each of the statutory curriculum subjects, the

9591:

controlled many trades and used apprenticeships to control entry.

8243: 7693:, was popularized following the appearance of the story. The term 6558:. Many famous English pirates from the Golden Age hailed from the 6554:

provided the standard account of the lives of many pirates in the

6220: 6122: 5589: 5468:, and a cup of coffee or tea Alternative breakfast dishes include 3825:

period, enthralling audiences with action, music, dance, moveable

19197: 19107: 17978:"The most popular TV channels in the UK | Media | YouGov Ratings" 14412: 14345:

However, this may change due to concern about plastic waste, see

12634:

Entertainment: A Pictorial History of the Past One Thousand Years

10632: 10568: 9428: 9350: 9275: 8972: 8825: 8678: 8646: 8606: 8602: 8331: 8295: 8263: 7616: 7387:. According to legend, Christianity was introduced to Britain by 7372:, and which was in many ways very similar to the closely related 6818: 6750:

Countries where English is natively spoken or has official status

6708: 6620: 6520: 6190: 6146: 5851: 5695: 5691: 5631: 5421: 5394: 5390: 5377:

and chocolate sponge with chocolate custard, are associated with

5366: 5275: 5248: 5240: 5163:

A poll in 2011 found that the most popular soups in England were

5034: 4978: 4959: 4933: 4711: 4707: 4684: 4668: 4651:

sausages are regional varieties. The best-known types of English

4361: 4345: 4207: 4034: 3558: 3546: 3509: 3505: 3425: 3393: 3377: 3187: 2965: 2933: 2861: 2043: 1910: 1472: 1117:

and gardens which appeared around the world in the 19th century.

791:, the late Archbishop of Canterbury, assassinated by henchmen of 619: 541: 408: 383: 378: 232: 217: 19618: 18826:

Start of Play: Cricket and Culture in Eighteenth-Century England

18355: 18127: 15678:

The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario's lawyers, 1797–1997

14841:, which grew in popularity in England in the late 20th century. 14530: 12326: 10725:"BBC – History – British History in depth: Victorian Technology" 6447:

for instance was said to have ridden naked on horseback through

6133:

is a low-alcohol bitter, often bottled. More recently the terms

5863: 5812:. Since the 1960s much commercially produced bread has used the 3639:

The re-opening of the theatres in 1660 after the Restoration of

3396:

ones. Also important in this period were the folk dramas of the

3300:

or events. The 'English Cycle' of Disney animated films include

2291:. Since then England has continued to produce novelists such as 1672:

National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty

1435:

outside of London. Its prominent members were "founding father"

142: 15577:"National curriculum in England: languages programmes of study" 14922: 14172: 13264:

became large manufacturers of sausages and other meat products.

13141:

Cottage pie is similar to Shepherd's pie but is made from beef.

12468:"Saturday Night Loser's Club, Vol. LXXVIII: Last Night Edition" 12029:"BBC Radio 3 – BBC Proms – The BBC Proms, what's it all about?" 11167: 11141: 10675:"Christopher Wren Is the Man Who Rebuilt London After the Fire" 10510:"stone-circles.org.uk – The Prehistoric Sites of Great Britain" 10314:" is commonly used. Other songs are sometimes used, including " 10307: 10255:. Usually red, it is used, for instance, in the emblems of the 9835: 9588: 9191: 9082: 8756: 7702: 7451: 7195: 7035: 6850: 6691: 6683: 6420: 6375: 6371: 6316: 6194: 5501: 5327: 5244: 5049:

are cultivated along the east coast of England, for example at

5046: 5045:, are starters served with a squeeze of lemon and brown bread. 4970: 4443: 4306: 4042: 3621: 3540: 3401: 3342:

The peak of English drama and theatre is said to be the age of

2489: 2215:, agrarian writers sought a way between liberty and tradition; 2031: 1960:

in 1066, Latin continued amongst the educated classes, and an

1897: 1851: 1476: 1294: 1267: 851: 403: 82: 18709: 17694:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under an

17145: 17122:

International Tennis Hall of Fame. Retrieved 28 September 2011

16405: 15492:"Scholars seek to rescue image of John Dee, last royal wizard" 13328:

The Agrarian History of England and Wales: Volume 2, 1042–1350

11918: 11409:"A review of research and literature on museums and libraries" 9705:

include some of the highest-ranked universities in the world;

9500:

England has a long history of promoting education. During the

9431:, and England has produced several world champions, including 7300:

common law, and "the institutions and manners of the nation".

3797:

As a reaction to the decadence of Charles II era productions,

3538:. The four tragedies considered to be Shakespeare's greatest ( 16337:"Guides to the Royal Institution of Great Britain: 1 HISTORY" 15161:"The Story of Gin – History, Production and The Modern Drink" 14838: 14290: 14251:"Loaf baked in a rectangular open tin." Flour Advisory Bureau 13945: 10094: 9882: 9878: 9672: 9646: 9388: 9338: 8829: 8638: 8634: 8420: 8262:

is credited with the industrialisation of the manufacture of

8172:

was founded in 1799 by leading English scientists, including

7698: 7644: 7505:, who is regarded by convention as the head of the worldwide 7395:. There is also a tradition ascribing this accomplishment to 7377: 6471:(whose tale bears the common European folkloric motif of the 6312: 6300: 6270: 6254: 6182: 6178: 6102: 6082: 5800:, generally leavened bread made using white and/or wholemeal 5747: 5541: 5533: 5465: 5386: 5113: 5069: 5018: 4986: 4854: 4803: 4699: 4459: 4353: 4086: 4070: 3668: 3037: 2797:

on the development of music in England. In the 20th century,

1901: 1682:

fall within England. Some of the best known of these include

1231: 893: 744: 655: 398: 16311: 15812: 15040: 13208:, Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, The Guardian, 7 December 2012 12275:"Does Andy Serkis's motion capture acting deserve an Oscar?" 8385:. England has the oldest railway networks in the world; the 7236:. The 18th century English jurist, judge and politician Sir 6829:

began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the

6197:

is beer mixed with a non-alcoholic drink, such as lemonade.

5824:

are most commonly round in shape and may be crusty or soft.

4949: 4873:

and other vegetables. It is sometimes accompanied by cooked

4250: 1859:

Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Arts and Heritage

1573:. Important art galleries in the United Kingdom include the 1054:

followed in the early 20th century. Other buildings such as

994:

at Bath is one of the best examples of this. The Regency of

900:, which is the largest Gothic cathedral in Northern Europe. 18651:

A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester

18146:"ABCs: National daily newspaper circulation September 2008" 17757:"QS World University Rankings 2018 | Top Universities" 14628: 13911:

Consumer preference in England changed from white to brown

13302: 13007:'English cooking: A new approach' (1960) Rupert Croft-Cooke 10248: 9916:. The most popular radio station by number of listeners is 9815: 9781: 9777: 9675:. Over time the curriculum was broadened, first to include 9650: 9313:(only man to hold F1 and IndyCar titles at the same time), 9132: 9078:

Championships is the oldest tennis tournament in the world.

8744: 8705: 8658: 8359: 8200:

of 1688. Aided by these legal and cultural foundations, an

8146:

The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge

8038: 7643:

was controlled by the rioters, who decorated doorways with

7443: 6455:

was a heroic English figure resisting the Norman invasion,

6386:. These stories are most centrally brought together within 6379: 6216: 5797: 4982: 4735: 4688: 4503: 4491: 4014:

A staple of English easide culture, the quarrelsome couple

3929: 3750:

and whose notorious "china scene" is a series of sustained

3722:

lifestyle of unremitting sexual intrigue and conquest. The

2805:

emerged as internationally recognised opera composers, and

1893: 1161: 1153:

and is said to be the largest gardening show in the world.

835: 552:

as a whole. However, tracing its origins back to the early

18848:

Library of the world's best literature, ancient and modern

18608:

Outlines of primitive belief among the Indo-European races

18387:

A Dictionary of British Folk-tales in the English Language

14542:

Tea has recently been grown in England for the first time

13435: 12751: 10413:"Scotland and Britain 'cannot be mistaken for each other'" 7944:

helped spawn the Industrial Revolution. It is home to the

7564:

is venerated by some as England's first Christian martyr.

6762:

language family. The modern English language evolved from

6640:. On 5 November, people in England make bonfires, set off 6085:, is made with warm/top-fermenting yeasts and encompasses 4242:

with bread, cheese, salad, butter, a pork pie, and chutney

4197:

is an annual event that has taken place on the streets of

4089:

from England is considered the father of modern clowning.

19812: 19028:

The Elizabethan Player: Contemporary Stage Representation

18715:

Britain 2001: The Official Handbook of the United Kingdom

15248: 14624: 13936:

Evidenced by literary examples such as the fairy tale of

10201: 10154: 10009: 9893: 9870: 9858: 9799: 8291: 7368:, which was the religion of the early English people, or 6842: 6308: 6266: 6246: 6208: 6094: 5961:. A number of British cheeses were accepted as having EU 5457: 5149: 4974: 4652: 4397: 4349: 3791: 3747: 3568:

were common. A subgenre developed in this period was the

3412:, opened in 1567. The first successful theatres, such as 2509: 2419: 1364:

was dominated by imported artists throughout much of the

1208:

gives a figure of 55 surviving seaside piers in England.

152: 18974:

Acting Companies and their Plays in Shakespeare's London

15761:"Lords of Misrule: The Puritan War on Christmas 1642–60" 15719: 15457:, gunpowderplot.parliament.uk, 2005–2006, archived from 15123:

Perhaps advertised alliteratively as a 'pie and a pint'.

15041:"SWECA – South West of England Cidermakers' Association" 14803:, John Stevenson Bushnan, W. S. Orr & Company, 1853. 14306:

There are different regional names for bread rolls, see

13963:"Cream Teas – Roddas Our Guide To The Perfect Cream Tea" 13340:

Roast Beef and Yorkshire Pudding with Horseradish Relish

13123:

Sausage and egg pie made with sausage meat is a variant.

12401:

The Cambridge History of English and American Literature

12338: 12228:

magazine poll: 29 September 2000) Retrieved 27 June 2015

10885: 10123:

The English use as their national flag the red cross of

9522:

world's second-oldest university in continuous operation

9085:

was created in Birmingham in the late 19th century, and

6479:

is the archetypal witch. The chivalrous bandit, such as

6358:

tales originated from Brythonic traditions, notably the

6004:. The types of single origin tea most commonly sold are 2496:

is one of England's most celebrated classical composers.

1732:, a traditional English folk custom being celebrated in 17940:"Pisa tests: UK rises in international school rankings" 17009: 13799:'Ice-cream van chimes: the sound of the British summer' 11328:"250 Years of The British Museum – Photo Essays – TIME" 9641:. Allowances are almost invariably made to accommodate 9055:

actually represents England and Wales. However, in the

8520:

led the advancement of both natural philosophy and the

8354:). With his role in the marketing and manufacturing of 8097:. Other inventions include the iron plate railway, the 8017:

Inventions and discoveries of the English include: the

7674:

Christmas as a time of heartfelt celebration. In 1843,

7509:. In practice the Church of England is governed by the 5156:, are eaten particularly in the north-east of England. 4148:

is a type of theatrical leisure popular from the early

2524:

in the 16th century, are an important artefact, as are

1930:, The Order of the World, and the secular prose of the 1246:

England has Europe's earliest and northernmost ice-age

1204:

is the only pier in the world linked to an island. The

19363:

Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)

18102: 17139: 15905:, Volume 10. p.97. Review and Herald Pub Assoc, 2001. 15429:

Botting, p. 48, Konstam, The History of Pirates, p. 98

14347:

House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee Report

12592:"The English question: What is the nation's identity?" 12150:"Harry Potter becomes highest-grossing film franchise" 10457:"The English question: What is the nation's identity?" 9041:, the seventh time a UK country has hosted the event. 9005:

was prominent in organising the format for the modern

8442:

the first propeller-driven ocean-going iron ship, and

8165:

global co-operation, education and public engagement.

6694:, carried around a crystal ball for the same purpose. 6024:

is a strong blend that goes well with milk and sugar.

5385:

is a mixture of fresh fruit and canned fruits such as

4396:, home cooking and traditional establishments such as 4057:. Following his invention of the circus ring in 1768, 2722:, traditionally during the sovereign's anointing. The 1526:

is an organisation committed to the arts and culture.

760:; Durham, which was built to house the body of Saints 71:", illustrated by H.C. Hoskyns Abrahall (19th century) 17628:

Governance & Affiliations – The Education Company

17035: 16473: 16471: 16469: 16467: 16465: 16463: 16461: 15143:"Pubs in danger: Six charts on how the British drink" 12746: 12744: 12287:"Tim Webber: the man who put Sandra Bullock in space" 10208:

of England, representing strength and endurance. The

9766:

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study

8689:

are considered to be the national sports of England.

7383:

Christianity was first established in Britain by the

6562:

in the south west coast of England—the stereotypical

5057:

are particularly associated with the Norfolk town of

4181:. English music hall comedian and theatre impresario 3821:

hit the London public stage in the late 17th-century

18759:

The Oxford illustrated history of English literature

17133:"Wimbledon's strawberries and cream has Tudor roots" 16259: 16257: 14370:

The leading brands of butter using British milk are

13757:'Classic British puddings ranked from worst to best' 13668:

A common proverb is "too many cooks spoil the broth"

13624:

The meat is added to the soup prior to serving. See

12397:"Sentimental Comedy in England and on the Continent" 12314: 12303:

Barry Ronge's Classic DVD : Alice in Wonderland

11873:"Bookish Britain overtakes America as top publisher" 10886:"National Piers Society – Celebrating Seaside Piers" 10341: 9254:. Originating in 17th and 18th-century England, the 8133:

and many modern techniques and technologies used in

7901:. Some experts claim that the earliest concept of a 6678:

has featured in England for millennia. The use of a

6207:

stated there should be a single measure for ale. In

6121:

was exported to India but also consumed in England.

6000:

and beer and skittles. Most tea drunk in England is

5065:

is collected in coastal areas and served with fish.

3928:. England was at the forefront of the illegal, free 3498:. History plays dealt with more recent events, like 1786:

was founded in 1677 from the personal collection of

1614:

is regarded as one of the greatest examples of late

1014:. In early modern times there was an influence from 19368:

Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)

16836:

Ashes climax watched by a fraction of 2005 audience

16649:"Tracking 30 years of TV's most watched programmes" 15594:

Paediatric-Epidemiology Significance Surnames Paper

15528:

A Grammar of the Dialect of the Bolton Area, Part 1

15509:

Spook spotters turn out to see Anne Boleyn's ghost"

15368:

p.313. Osprey Publishing, Retrieved 11 October 2011

14921:'s Archangel Stout was advertised as XXXXXXX). See 12540: 12538: 10965: 10963: 9637:Most primary and secondary schools have compulsory 9442:The English are keen sailors and enjoy competitive 9113:century, notably on the Tyne. Since 1829 an annual 7997:, a patron of the arts and sciences, supported the 6813:. Historically, another Brythonic Celtic language, 3224:was among a group of English filmmakers, including 2243:are somewhat related. Empiricism continued through 1258:may be regarded in most respects simultaneously as 1113:. It also had a major influence on the form of the 939:flourished with magnificent royal palaces, such as 18866: 18688: 18627: 18408: 18301:. Number10.gov.uk. 13 January 2003. Archived from 18210: 18185:"Why do England have three lions on their shirts?" 16458: 16265:"The formal title as adopted in the royal charter" 15845:Christmastide: its history, festivities and carols 15524:, Zeitschrift für Mundartforschung 31, 333–335 in 14759:, Ian Webster, Amberley Publishing Limited, 2018. 14529:have increased in popularity in recent years (see 13811: 13456:The National Edible Oil Distributors' Association. 12842: 12741: 12545: 11797: 10906: 8001:, a scientific group whose early members included 7663:in 1660 ended the ban. Following the Restoration, 7552:was recognised as England's patron saint, and the 6773:There were once many different dialects of modern 5827: 5405:which use distinctive chimes to attract customers 3900:National performing arts are held annually at the 2813:was a leading figure in the English folk revival. 1765:, including Winston Churchill's wartime speeches. 18951:Elizabethan Popular Theatre: Plays in Performance 18003:"Our Channels | About UKTV | UKTV Corporate Site" 17649: 16254: 16197: 11870: 10538:"Ancient Roman architecture in England and Wales" 8524:and his works remained deeply influential in the 7920:since the 17th century. As the birthplace of the 4408:remain widespread. The 1990s saw the rise of the 4045:is a tradition form of entertainment in England. 3651:period from 1660 to 1710 are collectively called 3453:Procession of characters from Shakespeare's plays 2655:following on from 16th-century composers such as 966:One of the most acclaimed English architects was 880:, which also has a long tradition as a venue for 20314: 19005:Costumes and Scripts in the Elizabethan Theatres 18869:English poetry of the Romantic period, 1789–1830 17759:. QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. February 2017 17666: 16136: 15821:(4). University of Pennsylvania Press: 504–505. 13813:"How to make the perfect full English breakfast" 13286:'The Sunday roast: a tradition worth preserving' 12535: 11847:"How to make a perfect cuppa: put milk in first" 11346:"British Library | library, United Kingdom" 10960: 9725:are all ranked in the global top 30 in the 2018 9411:(PDC), which runs its own world championship at 8665:. In the late 18th century, the English game of 8500:Declaration of Independence of the United States 8156:. Founded on 28 November 1660, it was granted a 4326:charts. An early book of English recipes is the 3920:(the largest greenfield festival in the world), 2160:. More radical elements were later countered by 1105:, and as far away as St. Petersburg, Russia, in 17333:"F1 Champions: Dan Wheldon killed in Las Vegas" 16540:"Oyster card celebrates 150th Tube anniversary" 16401: 16399: 16375: 16373: 16180:"Information on Royal Charters | Royal Society" 16055:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 15925:Stations of the Sun: The Ritual Year in England 15847:. London: John Russell Smith. pp. 119–120. 14051:'Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall's tea-time treats' 12616:Great dynasties of the world: The Chipperfields 11684:MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare 9661:was introduced into schools in September 2014. 9037:, held every four years. Birmingham hosted the 8755:is the oldest governing body in the sport. The 8751:founded in 1857 being the world's oldest club. 8069:, and theories such as the Darwinian theory of 7720:(1833), with the first appearance in print of " 5808:, bloomer cob, Coburg, crusty, plait, tin, and 5765:There are several types of fruited bun such as 3400:, performed during the Christmas season. Court 2612:. Traditional English Christmas carols include 2140:Some of the most prominent philosophers of the 1761:has over six million recordings, many from the 1539:Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design 577:secretary of state for culture, media and sport 19072:Select bibliography of books about Englishness 18803:Edward Jenner, the Cheltenham years, 1795–1823 17531:"The History Press | Teenagers in Tudor times" 17456: 16832: 16312:"Welcome to the Royal Society | Royal Society" 16212:. American Heritage Publishing. Archived from 15720:Central Council of Church Bell Ringers website 15319:. Woodlands-Junior.kent.sch.uk. Archived from 14349:Plastic bottles: Turning Back the Plastic Tide 13330:, page 40, H. E. Hallam & J. Thirsk (eds.) 12817:"The S.Pellegrino World's 50 Best Restaurants" 12087:"Hitchcock: he always did give us knightmares" 11494:International Tourism Highlights, 2019 Edition 11465: 11463: 11461: 11414:. Arts Council. September 2011. Archived from 9774:Programme for International Student Assessment 9482:, and the most successful Olympic sailor ever 8889:, Warwickshire in the early 19th century. The 8330:); the big three British chocolate companies, 7493:(with some disruption during the 17th-century 6777:, which were recorded in projects such as the 6047:consumption in the 1970s and global chains of 4746:became widely available in the late 1960s and 3916:in the summer and autumn are popular, such as 3462:, which depicted English or European history. 3404:were particularly popular during the reign of 3292:in London in 2011. The visual effects company 2004:, were major philosophers of the Middle Ages. 1718:. The northernmost point of the Roman Empire, 1419:. Regarded as one of the two most influential 19899: 19092: 18937:; new ed. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 18120: 17620: 17148:The Brilliants: A History of the Leander Club 17070: 17068: 16761: 16759: 16477: 16434:"Why the Industrial Revolution Happened Here" 16148: 15530:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 58. 13501: 11619: 11617: 9630:(approximately 2/3 of faith schools), or the 9594:Most schools came under state control in the 8913:. The top level of club participation is the 8435:, as well as famous steamships including the 5516:would be had as a full evening meal, whereas 4478:is an ingredient in many traditional English 3596:. Though marginalised, the older genres like 1757:) and has a room devoted solely to them. The 1736:, known for its many pre-Victorian buildings. 748:those churches to benefit in particular were 517: 18648: 18531: 18326:"England's Rose – The Official History" 18236: 18234: 17707: 17429: 17243:"Sir Nick Faldo drives on in business world" 16992:. The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 September 2015 16417: 16396: 16370: 14898:and Loddon's Hocus Pocus are brand examples. 14063:Pikelets vs crumpets. What's the difference? 13504:"Foraging for Samphire on the British Coast" 13043:was formerly an English unit of measurement. 12844:"King Richard II's recipe book to go online" 12720:. English Heritage. Retrieved 2 January 2015 12567: 12565: 11772: 11535:"Every UNESCO World Heritage Site in the UK" 11497:. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). 2019. 10996:"Western Dark Ages And Medieval Christendom" 10326:" (sung at international cricket matches), " 9528:in the world. Founded in 1209 and granted a 7670:In the early 19th century, writers imagined 7477:which maintains episcopacy while adopting a 6682:to foretell the future is attributed to the 5536:(or buns called splits) served with jam and 5251:are food pastes with a distinctive flavour. 3860:for many years; his musicals also conquered 2730:in the UK, founded in 1822. It received its 1569:is a leading centre for the teaching of the 1460:Flatford Mill ('Scene on a Navigable River') 1156:Following the building of the world's first 17868:"Secretary of State for Education – GOV.UK" 17771: 17631: 17089:"Traditional Final: It's Nadal and Federer" 16676:"The father of football deserves much more" 15897: 15895: 15792:. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 29. 15755: 15753: 14791:with its distinctive red triangle logo and 13575:, particularly associated with the town of 13367:Goose is traditionally eaten at Michaelmas 12789:Society and Religion in Elizabethan England 12646:Explore PA history.com – Historical Markers 12256:Statistical Yearbook 2011: 7.3 UK directors 11458: 11231: 10840: 10620: 9258:is a horse breed best known for its use in 9147:. England has produced grand slam winners: 8951:has been a full test nation in lieu of the 8747:as the birthplace of club football, due to 7636:, Puritan rulers banned Christmas in 1647. 7593: 6412:, a collection of shared British folklore. 6177:and sold in almost all Indian restaurants. 5804:milled from hard wheat, include farmhouse, 4214:, where there is a strong Irish community. 3986:. Since the Royal Albert Hall's opening by 3466:'s plays about the lives of kings, such as 3408:. The first permanent English theatre, the 1882:'s depiction of a scene from Shakespeare's 1840:is the official tourist board for England. 1514:. Also associated with it was the designer 19906: 19892: 19099: 19085: 18906: 18653:. Association for Industrial Archaeology. 18455: 18242:"What images are associated with England?" 18170:Woodcock, T. & Robinson, J.M. (1988). 17065: 16756: 16480:The Quaker Enterprise: Friends in Business 15479:"V for Vendetta masks: Who's behind them?" 15303: 14557:was sold in Britain from the 19th century. 12573:"How proud is your area of being English?" 12453: 12451: 12277:. The Telegraph. Retrieves 11 January 2015 12117: 12071:"The top 21 British directors of all time" 11849:. The Guardian. Retrieved 30 December 2014 11784: 11708: 11706: 11614: 11206: 10438:"How proud is your area of being English?" 8844:, contested since 1882. The climax of the 8739:of football were first drafted in 1863 by 8208:, output from the Royal Society and other 7754:List of English inventions and discoveries 6616:flag design, a skull with crossed swords. 6223:), and may be drunk with snack food (e.g. 6109:, when served draught, gained the name of 4412:, serving traditional English dishes, and 4190:comedy. We in Hollywood owe much to him." 4103:, a dance master and choreographer at the 3864:and were made into films. The prestigious 3655:. Restoration comedy is notorious for its 2227:were main exponents, while the founder of 1404:interpretations of the English landscape. 752:, which contained the relics of England's 524: 510: 19002: 18820: 18474: 18231: 17964: 17643: 17491:Oxford and Cambridge: An Uncommon History 17432:Oxford and Cambridge: An Uncommon History 17146:Burnell, Richard; Page, Geoffrey (1997). 16820: 16700: 16428: 16426: 16329: 16098: 16053:Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution 15927:. 1996. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 15525: 14634:A Beginner's Guide to British Beer Styles 13579:, and sometimes topped with red currants. 13218:Main meal dishes in England, Mandy Barrow 12676: 12674: 12562: 12118:St. Pierre, Paul Matthew (1 April 2009). 11930: 11799:"Mystery of Christie's success is solved" 11023:"Portrait Painting in England, 1600–1800" 10971:"Decoding Anglo-Saxon art – Smarthistory" 10556: 10479: 10477: 10220:from the grasps of the Parliamentarians ( 9838:has several flagship channels, including 9548:, as well as one of the most prestigious 9399:, one of its member organisations is the 9361:, the premier championship of motorcycle 8358:'s steam engine, and invention of modern 7916:England has been a leading centre of the 7747: 7499:Supreme Governor of the Church of England 7497:period). The British Monarch is formally 6837:. Through the worldwide influence of the 6570:" was popularised by West Country native 5969:, and semi-soft or soft cheeses, such as 4518:; popular varieties in England including 3848:Today there are a variety of theaters in 3495:Famous Chronicle of King Edward the First 3376:, brings together the classical story of 3284:. Acclaimed for his motion capture work, 3137:, is often regarded as the first British 2718:, has been performed at every subsequent 1563:The Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art 18948: 18909:English Pageantry; An Historical Outline 18799: 18667: 18649:McNeil, Robina; Nevell, Michael (2000). 18630:Conqueror of smallpox: Dr. Edward Jenner 18569: 18291: 18202: 17640:Catholic faith schools in academy switch 17579: 16965:"England will host 2015 Rugby World Cup" 16706:"The first international football match" 16572: 16203: 16142: 15976: 15892: 15790:Worship: Reformed According to Scripture 15750: 15355:. p. viii. Conway Maritime Press (2002). 15335: 15235: 14455:now also facilitate domestic production. 14269:A traditional loaf requires just flour, 13688:"The curious tale of Brown Windsor soup" 12388: 12344: 12201:London Symphony Orchestra and Film Music 12103:. British Film Institute. Archived from 11724: 10430: 10406: 10404: 9695:. The oldest state school in England is 9554: 9289:was the first race in the newly created 9129:and the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race. 9069: 8953:Great Britain national rugby league team 8797: 8512: 8419:, a machine which created uniformity in 8242: 8183: 7989: 7765: 7597: 7406: 7336: 7313: 7265:Major constitutional documents include: 6745: 6596:'s pirates helped define the archetype. 6414: 6069: 5869: 5646:is a special fruit cake associated with 5227:appeared in the 1953 Ealing film comedy 4702:, roast potatoes and vegetables such as 4028: 3895: 3706:The unsentimental or "hard" comedies of 3448: 3186: 3057: 2756: 2488: 1936:, along with Christian writings such as 1874: 1825:in 1867, and since 1986 has been run by 1796: 1724: 1688:Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites 1602: 1565:(part of the University of Oxford). The 1453: 1331: 1221: 1080: 719: 588: 76: 28: 18735: 18550: 18534:Reader's guide to literature in English 17505:"The top 50 universities by reputation" 17446:"The top 50 universities by reputation" 17182:from the original on September 28, 2006 16603:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 16379: 16228: 16160: 16006:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 15386: 15229: 13991:Fruit cakes were historically known as 13084:Shanks, Hocks, Knuckles, Shins and Legs 12448: 12358:The "China scene" from Wycherley's play 11864: 11736: 11703: 11165:see e.g. the logo of the city council, 10868: 10866: 10864: 10862: 10532: 10530: 9540:is the second-oldest university in the 7442:and the historical accounts written by 6731: 6125:has long been sold in bottled form and 5937:English cheesemaking was restricted by 4506:. Potatoes are served roasted, boiled, 4033:A traditional Punch and Judy booth, at 3624:throughout the reigns of the first two 2714:(1727), composed for the coronation of 2467:Due to the expansion of English into a 1956:(biographies of saints). Following the 1660:Department for Culture, Media and Sport 1646:Department for Culture, Media and Sport 1592: 1002:is also applied to interior design and 814:Romanesque architecture (known here as 756:; Ripon with the shrine of its founder 717:shafts and triangular-headed openings. 81:Interior of Christ Church Cathedral in 14: 20315: 18971: 18864: 18842: 18756: 18625: 18403: 18381: 17086: 16423: 16238:. English-Crafts.co.uk. Archived from 16166: 16072: 15842: 15291: 15211: 14927:Why don't men drink mild ale any more? 14701:, Martyn Cornell, 23 August 2007, and 14652:'s Old Style Porter are brand examples 14591: 13731:Chocolate sponge pudding is a variant. 13132:Shepherd's pie generally contains lamb 12671: 12589: 12420: 12414: 12320: 11748: 11661:"William Shakespeare (English author)" 11647: 11635: 11623: 10875:. BBC News. Retrieved 13 December 2014 10594:Great Castles of Britain & Ireland 10474: 10454: 10410: 9900:stations both at home and abroad. The 8712:, and won the tournament by defeating 8282:, carrying pattern boxes for display, 7574:and promoted by societies such as the 7572:Central Council of Church Bell Ringers 7511:General Synod of the Church of England 6261:for summer social events. The rise of 5243:, are distinctive English condiments. 3659:explicitness, a quality encouraged by 3144:Major film studios in England include 2787:The Birmingham & Midland Institute 1658:is governmental body sponsored by the 1281:taste favoured brightness and colour. 19913: 19887: 19080: 18887: 18775: 18686: 18604: 18553:Political Ideologies: An Introduction 18323: 18317: 18208: 18182: 18053:"Mission, values and public purposes" 17777: 17488: 17222:Scotland is the home of golf ... 17176:Guildhall Library Manuscripts Section 16726: 16596: 16511: 16154: 16121: 15999: 15857: 15675: 15412: 15317:"What is England's national costume?" 15244:"King Arthur, 'Once and Future King'" 15217: 14741:Bombardier are modern brand examples. 14664:ceased production in the UK in 2005. 13820:from the original on 12 January 2022. 13613:Essential Sandwiches and Picnic Foods 13413:transformed the turkey meat business. 13276:in Covent Garden specialises in game. 13230:What makes a British sausage British? 12953:"A Brief History of Farmers' Markets" 12668:p.14. Turner Publishing Company, 2006 12558:from the original on 12 January 2022. 11712: 10786: 10784: 10401: 10240:, fabled as the principal hideout of 9585:Statute of Artificers and Apprentices 9183:, is named after English businessman 8508:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 7928:, best known for the creation of the 7260:presumed innocent until proven guilty 6849:of business, science, communication, 6660:, which became an annual event after 6243:is the largest family-owned brewery. 6235:(off-trade) than in pubs (on-trade). 6227:, dry roasted or salted peanuts, and 6193:refers to rough dry farmhouse cider. 5365:. Hot puddings are often served with 5068:Light meals and snacks include green 4533:Typical English main courses include 3956:classical music concerts held at the 3620:enjoyed an efflorescence, as did the 3124:The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog 2079:are other established authors of the 2014:, was a prominent Christian mystic. 1184:. Two piers, Brighton's now derelict 1066:'. Many people are interested in the 830:(longest-occupied castle in Europe), 693:English architecture begins with the 19106: 19025: 18493: 18433: 18164: 16673: 15387:Bonanos, Christopher (5 June 2007). 15271:King Arthur: myth-making and history 14576:UHY Hacker Young Number of breweries 14295:The rise and rise of sourdough bread 13246:Butchers Guide to the British Banger 12855:from the original on 12 January 2022 12639: 12609: 12394: 12332: 12126:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 11810:from the original on 12 January 2022 11760: 11081:, London: Tate Gallery, 1997, p. 17. 11048:"Medieval And Renaissance Sculpture" 10921:from the original on 12 January 2022 10859: 10596:. p.43. New Holland Publishers, 2009 10527: 9671:grammar schools was the teaching of 9504:, schools were established to teach 8995:; the former three have all won the 8963:, the present-day embodiment of the 8933:have had success in the Europe-wide 8411: inches (1,435 mm) is the 7240:is best known for his seminal work, 5492:has long been eaten in England as a 4309:which were commonly associated with 3746:(1675), whose title contains a lewd 3562:) were composed during this period. 3184:first performed film music in 1935. 3131:genre in film, while his 1929 film, 2164:, who is regarded as the founder of 1093:Landscape gardening as developed by 1037:paved the way for buildings such as 18806:. University Press of New England. 18267:"UK: Up a tree with the king to be" 17995: 17918:"England's pupils in global top 10" 17798: 17356: 17087:Clarey, Christopher (5 July 2008). 17049:. 17 September 2005. Archived from 16917:"Cricket: Flaw Lord's out of order" 16914: 16406:Office for National Statistics 2000 16210:Invention & Technology Magazine 15858:Miall, Anthony & Peter (1978). 15787: 15196:Promoting the Fine Wines of England 14705:, Craft Beer and Brewing. Fuller's 14074:How to make Scottish-style crumpets 13615:England Traditional English Recipes 13531:has seen a revival in recent years. 11919:Office for National Statistics 2000 11302:"British Museum - Museum in London" 10845:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 143. 10318:" (used as England's anthem in the 10150:(though in blue rather than gold). 10078: 8657:. It has helped the development of 8423:and allowed for the application of 8302:and his family; banking, including 7718:Christmas Carols Ancient and Modern 7483:Timeline of the English Reformation 7430:missionaries in the north (notably 7243:Commentaries on the Laws of England 6662:Observance of 5th November Act 1605 5858:, but by 2018 supermarket sales of 5602:English cakes include a variety of 3524:. The audiences particularly liked 2673:Birmingham Triennial Music Festival 1097:set an international trend for the 743:to places where particular saints' 24: 18927: 18217:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 17650:National Archives (1 April 2018). 17294:"Red Rum is UK's best-known horse" 16568:. Yourdictionary.com. 22 May 2016. 16284: 16236:"English Inventors and Inventions" 15981:. Inverloch Historical Society Inc 15481:. BBC News. Retrieved 1 April 2013 14890:Generally strong and popular as a 13706:"Our Sauce – Lea & Perrins UK" 13315:How to cook perfect roast potatoes 12718:"English Heritage – Gracie Fields" 12101:"The Directors' Top Ten Directors" 12089:. Roger Ebert.com. 2 January 1980. 11859:BBC – The Big Read – Top 100 Books 10781: 10672: 10628:"British Architecture > page 2" 10564:"British Architecture > page 1" 9546:fourth-oldest surviving university 8965:Rugby Football League Championship 8949:England national rugby league team 8730:most watched television event ever 8250:was a leading entrepreneur in the 8170:Royal Institution of Great Britain 8152:and the United Kingdom's national 7705:dismissive of the festive spirit. 7632:victory over Charles I during the 7580:Society of Royal Cumberland Youths 6283:The Wimbledon tennis championships 6043:have diminished since the rise of 5548:, sometimes accompanied by dainty 5195:. Other traditional soups include 3891: 3663:(1660–1685) personally and by the 1749:(the other two copies are held in 1431:of painters, the first provincial 478:English inventions and discoveries 25: 20334: 19060: 18499:The Shakespearean Stage 1574–1642 18411:Shakespeare: The World as a Stage 17848:from the original on 5 March 2016 17708:Clyde Chitty (16 November 2002). 17245:. BBC. Retrieved 29 December 2013 17172:"Doggett's Coat & Badge Race" 16833:Cricinfo staff (26 August 2009). 16512:Kirby, Maurice W. (4 July 2002). 15511:. ITV. Retrieved 28 February 2018 15389:"Did pirates really say "arrrr"?" 15347:. Introduction and commentary to 14771:Bengal Lancer are brand examples. 14336:all children under the age of 18. 13588: 13346:combines mustard and horseradish. 13220:Project Britain: Foods in Britain 13102:lamb chops are double sided, see 12819:. 13 January 2010. Archived from 12547:"Punch and Judy around the world" 11871:Goldfarb, Jeffrey (10 May 2006). 11330:. 17 January 2009. Archived from 10310:; however, the United Kingdom's " 10261:England national rugby union team 10163:England national rugby union team 9758:Office for Standards in Education 9403:(BDO), which annually stages the 9009:. In 1994, then President of the 7576:Ancient Society of College Youths 6081:Traditional English beer, unlike 4698:comprises roast meat served with 4053:is regarded as the father of the 3478:, belong to this category, as do 2777:The emergence of figures such as 2546:Some of the best-known songs are 1543:Chelsea College of Art and Design 1211: 1164:, the pier became fashionable at 803:was introduced at Canterbury and 18344: 18259: 18176: 18138: 18095: 18078:"What is Channel 4? | Channel 4" 18070: 18045: 18020: 17970: 17958: 17932: 17910: 17885: 17860: 17828: 17778:Hoyle, Ben (23 September 2007). 17749: 17723: 17701: 17689: 17573: 17548: 17523: 17497: 17482: 17438: 17423: 17398: 17373: 17350: 17325: 17299: 17287: 17275: 17248: 17236: 17227: 17208:official website. Archived from 17194: 17164: 17125: 17106: 17080: 17077:CNN. Retrieved 28 September 2011 16995: 16983: 16957: 16935: 16908: 16880: 16854: 16826: 16814: 16789: 16720: 16694: 16667: 16641: 16616: 16590: 16581: 16558: 16532: 16505: 16496: 16482:. London: Frederick Muller Ltd. 16440: 16411: 16361: 16304: 16278: 16172: 16127: 16115: 16066: 16045: 16019: 15993: 15979:"The History of Christmas Cards" 15977:Earnshaw, Iris (November 2003). 15970: 15954: 15938: 15915: 15876: 15851: 15836: 15806: 15781: 15724: 15712: 15703: 15694: 15669: 15644: 15627: 15609: 15587: 15569: 15544: 15514: 15502: 15484: 15472: 15445: 15432: 15423: 15406: 15380: 15371: 15358: 15349:A General History of the Pyrates 15309: 15297: 15285: 15276: 15263: 15241: 15223: 15201: 15189: 15171: 15153: 15135: 15126: 15117: 15099: 15081: 15068: 15051: 15033: 15021: 15005: 14980: 14955: 14910: 14901: 14884: 14864: 14848: 14824: 14806: 14774: 14744: 14691: 14655: 14639: 14617: 14585: 14569: 14560: 14548: 14536: 14515: 14503: 14494: 14474: 14458: 14446: 14434: 14422: 14405: 14393: 14381: 14364: 14355: 14339: 14329: 14313: 14300: 14283: 14263: 14254: 14245: 14236: 14227: 14218: 14209: 14200: 14191: 14182: 14161: 14146: 14134: 14131:English Heritage (5 August 2015) 14122: 14104: 14095: 14078: 14056: 14044: 14032: 14015: 13998: 13985: 13973: 13955: 13930: 13918: 13905: 13887: 13867: 13855: 13843: 13834: 13804: 13792: 13779: 13762: 13750: 13734: 13725: 13716: 13698: 13680: 13671: 13662: 13648: 13630: 13618: 13606: 13582: 13565: 13556: 13547: 13534: 13517: 13495: 13477: 13459: 13440: 13428: 13416: 13403: 13385: 13361: 13349: 13333: 13320: 13291: 13279: 13267: 13239: 13223: 13211: 13199: 13174: 13162: 13153: 13144: 13135: 13126: 13117: 13088: 13076: 13064: 13046: 13033: 13021: 13010: 13001: 12983: 12971: 12945: 12933: 12909: 12892: 12880: 12867: 12835: 12809: 12781: 12769: 12732: 12723: 12711: 12699: 12683: 12659: 12650: 12636:p.24. Retrieved 3 February 2011. 12626: 12510: 12485: 12460: 12220:"Life of Brian tops comedy poll" 12178:. Ealing Studios. Archived from 11879:. Texas. Reuters. Archived from 11663:. Britannica Online encyclopedia 11239:"New Era for England's Heritage" 11214:"New Era for England's Heritage" 10873:"The circus comes to the Circus" 10776:Jardins, potagers et labyrinthes 10358: 10344: 10267:, which takes its name from the 10228:in 1651 (the last battle of the 10107: 10093: 9762:Independent Schools Inspectorate 9760:, and in private schools by the 9754:Secretary of State for Education 9655:Secretary of State for Education 9524:and one of the most prestigious 8077:. Newton developed the ideas of 7969:Liverpool and Manchester Railway 7736:". In 1843 the first commercial 7352:religions, often referred to as 7269:(foundation of the "great writ" 6547:A General History of the Pyrates 6285:are associated with this drink. 5638:. Wartime rationing popularised 5588: 5567: 5522:Anna Russell, Duchess of Bedford 5507: 4948: 4932: 4916: 4340:(usually accompanied by butter, 4265: 4249: 4232: 4201:, London since 1966. Led by the 3158:highest-grossing film franchises 2738:. Famous academy alumni include 1547:Goldsmiths, University of London 1124:of the seventeenth century, the 776:; at Chichester, the remains of 695:architecture of the Anglo-Saxons 491: 96: 57: 48: 18605:Keary, Charles Francis (1882). 17406:"University | Historic England" 17003:"Father of the modern Olympics" 15815:Journal of the History of Ideas 15680:. University of Toronto Press. 14594:"Beer and Cider Boom in the UK" 14592:Millar, Rupert (19 July 2018). 14169:English Bread and Yeast Cookery 14053:The Guardian (14 November 2009) 14021:It also led to the creation of 13927:The Telegraph (16 January 2016) 13659:, Andrew Valentine Kirwan, 1864 13502:Chilliandmint (3 August 2013). 13424:Traditional Grimsby smoked fish 13030:The Guardian (26 October 2010). 12708:. BBC. Retrieved 2 January 2015 12439: 12367: 12350: 12296: 12280: 12268: 12249: 12231: 12213: 12194: 12168: 12142: 12111: 12093: 12079: 12064: 12039: 12021: 11996: 11971: 11924: 11912: 11887: 11852: 11840: 11822: 11790: 11778: 11766: 11754: 11742: 11730: 11718: 11675: 11653: 11641: 11629: 11589: 11563: 11545: 11527: 11433: 11401: 11392: 11374: 11356: 11338: 11320: 11294: 11276: 11267: 11256: 11181: 11159: 11134: 11125: 11098: 11084: 11070: 11040: 11015: 10988: 10933: 10899: 10878: 10834: 10809: 10768: 10742: 10717: 10692: 10666: 10651: 10540:. Castles.me.uk. Archived from 10236:is an 800–1000 year old oak in 9699:, which was founded in 700 AD. 9496:History of education in England 9395:. The sport is governed by the 9049:countries of the United Kingdom 8506:, and the 1948 United Nations' 8387:Stockton and Darlington Railway 8230:Stockton and Darlington Railway 7582:. Change ringing is central to 6362:. Deriving from Welsh sources; 6129:enjoyed particular popularity. 5828:Cheese and other dairy products 5654:is made from a rich fruitcake. 4776:leg, shoulder or saddle of lamb 3970:is one of the world's foremost 2119:was the best-known poet of the 1918:, the sombre and introspective 892:, which has the tallest church 599: 540:is diverse, and defined by the 18711:Office for National Statistics 18672:. Cambridge University Press. 18458:Beatrix Potter to Harry Potter 18374: 17359:"Part relishes Taylor triumph" 17296:. BBC. Retrieved 18 March 2016 17284:BBC. Retrieved 11 October 2011 17202:"Scotland is the home of golf" 17113:Major Walter Clopton Wingfield 17017:"England Cricket Team Profile" 16518:. Cambridge University Press. 16204:Wohleber, Curt (Spring 2006). 15552:"British Accents and Dialects" 15442:p.147. Osprey Publishing, 2008 14785:Double Diamond Burton Pale Ale 14143:The Telegraph (7 October 2015) 14113:The Old Vicarage, Grantchester 13938:Goldilocks and the Three Bears 13553:Colloquially known as an oggy. 13544:at the end of a formal dinner. 13317:The Guardian, 20 October 2015] 13159:Marrow stuffed with beef mince 12929:75 years of Family Food, Defra 12376:is something of a Restoration 11284:"History of Hastings Old Town" 10611: 10599: 10587: 10502: 10275:as a symbol of peace. It is a 10144:England national football team 9869:is similarly chartered to the 9863:inform, educate, and entertain 9679:, and later English and other 9409:Professional Darts Corporation 9291:Formula One World Championship 8694:England national football team 8258:The 18th century entrepreneur 7501:. Its spiritual leader is the 7325:. (It was the property of the 6440:Goldilocks and the Three Bears 6093:, other (less hoppy) types of 4128:Goldilocks and the Three Bears 3831:baroque illusionistic painting 3388:tradition, alternating comic, 2574:are of English origin such as 2422:carried out a survey entitled 2411:", which was published in the 2389:The 20th-century crime writer 2356:The Old Vicarage, Grantchester 780:; and at Winchester, those of 13: 1: 18572:The Shakespearean Stage Space 18460:. National Portrait Gallery. 16915:Fay, Stephen (21 June 1998). 16767:"Sport's greatest-ever upset" 16727:Ebner, Sarah (17 July 2023). 16674:Rudd, Alyson (7 April 2008). 16601:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 16004:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 15788:Old, Hughes Oliphant (2002). 14670:Champion Beer of Britain 2018 13393:"OBITUARY: Sir John Eastwood" 13110:continue to be served at the 12706:"Enjoy Cumbria – Stan Laurel" 11094:. The Guardian. 16 June 2015. 10663:. Retrieved 18 February 2011. 10608:. Retrieved 18 February 2011. 10411:Little, Allan (6 June 2018). 10394: 10279:symbol in that it merged the 10195:England national cricket team 10148:English national cricket team 9305:(only driver to have won the 9196:Marquess of Queensberry Rules 8455: 8450:transatlantic telegraph cable 8448:which laid the first lasting 8041:, the first successful human 7909:, the first secretary of the 7615:In 17th-century England, the 7293:Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 7184:England, Scotland and Ireland 6331:, others date from after the 5704:Cornish saffron cake and buns 5448:in the 1970s), and sometimes 4788:leg, shoulder or loin of pork 4448:The Roast Beef of Old England 3841:tricks, "flying" actors, and 3647:written and performed in the 3504:which dramatizes the sack of 2701:Music for the Royal Fireworks 2633:God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen 2615:We Wish You a Merry Christmas 2595:London Bridge Is Falling Down 1864: 1759:British Library Sound Archive 1618:. It has the world's largest 1535:University of the Arts London 550:culture of the United Kingdom 18687:Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2002). 18183:Ingle, Sean (18 July 2002). 18172:The Oxford Guide to Heraldry 17696:Open Government Licence v3.0 17450:Times Higher Education (THE) 17381:"Phil Taylor player profile" 16889:A brief history of Yorkshire 16773:. 2 May 2016. Archived from 15860:The Victorian Christmas Book 15366:Piracy: The Complete History 15016:The Oxford Companion to Beer 14757:Brewing in Burton-upon-Trent 14580:List of breweries in England 14500:Such as Tunworth soft cheese 14442:UK Dairy Industry Statistics 14415:in Cambridgeshire. However, 14171:, 1977, by Elizabeth David. 13952:'s burnt porridge at school. 13447:National Fish & Chip Day 13288:The Guardian (5 March 2016). 12941:The Foods of England Project 12590:Easton, Mark (3 June 2018). 12335:, pp. 123–131, 142–146. 11830:"Still the Moon Under Water" 11806:. London. 19 December 2005. 10455:Easton, Mark (3 June 2018). 9728:QS World University Rankings 9489: 9405:BDO World Darts Championship 9359:Grand Prix motorcycle racing 8852:(1975, 1979, 1983, 1999 and 8462:List of British philosophers 7734:God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen 7653:The Vindication of Christmas 6783:(late 19th century) and the 6396:. Another early figure from 6351:are perhaps the best known. 6253:, ice and a slice of lemon. 5650:and Easter. The traditional 4368:; roasted and stewed meats; 4324:best restaurant in the world 4134:Dick Whittington and His Cat 4001:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 3218:international co-productions 3213:Monty Python's Life of Brian 3198:in 1958) starred in many of 3054:Cinema of the United Kingdom 1678:17 of the 25 United Kingdom 1289:which was commissioned by a 1109:, the gardens of the future 7: 19639:English language in England 19634:Innovations and discoveries 19358:Postwar Britain (1945–1979) 19056:. London: Gerald Duckworth. 19026:Mann, David Albert (1991). 19009:University of Alberta Press 18907:Withington, Robert (2008). 18761:. Oxford University Press. 18532:Hawkins-Dady, Mark (1996). 18501:(4th ed.). Cambridge: 18475:Gallagher, Michael (2006). 18439:The Life of William Cobbett 18330:Museum of Rugby, Twickenham 17652:"Education Act 2002 Part 6" 17586:The Economic History Review 16382:"The Workshop of the World" 16027:"Metric system was British" 15676:Moore, Christopher (1997). 15078:to ferment for several days 14929:The Telegraph 15 May 2015. 14861:are marketed as amber ales. 14544:Tregothnan Estate, Cornwall 14411:Named after the village of 14399:Named after the village of 14389:A History of British Cheese 14297:The Guardian 12 August 2014 13801:The Guardian (12 July 2013) 13746:Longley Farm Yorkshire Curd 13485:"London Cure Smoked Salmon" 13248:The Great British Meat Co. 13071:More Than A Bit On The Side 12623:Retrieved 18 February 2011. 12293:. Retrieved 17 January 2014 12210:LSO. Retrieved 30 June 2011 12176:"History of Ealing Studios" 12156:. London. 11 September 2007 11899:Royal Society of Literature 11441:"Ten years of free museums" 11193:www.english-heritage.org.uk 10337: 10085:National symbols of England 9794:Media in the United Kingdom 9693:partially selective schools 9087:the Wimbledon Championships 8840:series between England and 8121:, joint development of the 7730:Hark the Herald Angels Sing 7303: 6860: 6853:, aviation, and diplomacy. 6742:English language in England 6427:, including the BBC series 6423:features as a character in 6347:and their battles with the 6288: 5577:are traditionally eaten on 5504:are more recent additions. 3926:Reading and Leeds Festivals 2642:English Musical Renaissance 2485:Music of the United Kingdom 2454:Royal Society of Literature 1834:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 1680:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 1616:English Gothic architecture 1344:There is in the art of the 1151:Royal Horticultural Society 1137:, stately homes and parks. 1024:Gothic Revival architecture 872:, the traditional place of 866:English Gothic architecture 638:there was a development of 634:. With the introduction of 10: 20339: 19032:Routledge Library Editions 18949:Hattaway, Michael (2008). 18626:Levine, Israel E. (1960). 18576:Cambridge University Press 18503:Cambridge University Press 18479:. London: Franklin Watts. 18456:Eccleshare, Julia (2002). 18324:Smith, Jed (3 June 2005). 18103:"Royal Television Society" 17282:Red Rum: Aintree favourite 16945:. Rugbyfootballhistory.com 15526:Shorrocks, Graham (1999). 15132:CAMRA Good Beer Guide 2017 15111:www.businesscompanion.info 14933:, Greene King XX Mild and 14801:Burton and its bitter beer 14765:Worthington's White Shield 14676:is the classic example of 14602:New breweries include the 14419:may not be produced there. 12696:. Retrieved 2 January 2015 11931:Onderdonk, Julian (1995). 11106:"Made In England: Norfolk" 11027:Metropolitan Museum of Art 10841:Dobraszczyk, Paul (2014). 10778:, Mondatori Electra, Milan 10374:List of museums in England 10136:King Richard the Lionheart 10082: 9892:Radio is dominated by the 9791: 9733:London School of Economics 9493: 9401:British Darts Organisation 9074:First played in 1877, the 9061:Cross of Saint George flag 9033:. England competes in the 8590: 8459: 8350:) and shoe manufacturing ( 8342:); biscuit manufacturing ( 7751: 7307: 7213: 7209: 6864: 6785:Survey of English Dialects 6780:English Dialect Dictionary 6735: 6632:, the murderous barber of 6408:make up part of the wider 6384:Knights of the Round Table 6333:Norman conquest of England 6292: 6211:beer and cider are served 5862:in plastic cartons and of 5831: 5254:English desserts include ( 5203:, cauliflower, artichoke, 4901:. Biscuits in the form of 4754:include beef, typically a 4313:Continental affiliations. 4221: 4217: 3593:A Chaste Maid in Cheapside 3363:The Castle of Perseverance 3331: 3327: 3051: 2821:features patriotic music. 2769:in the UK, established by 2599:The Grand Old Duke of York 2577:Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary 2478: 2450:largest publisher of books 2342:about the English kings), 2259:. Authors from around the 2011:Revelations of Divine Love 1868: 1664:listing historic buildings 1596: 1567:Courtauld Institute of Art 1499:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 1215: 1176:in East Sussex and one at 1149:is held every year by the 1041:. The introduction of the 935:. Architecture during the 636:Ancient Roman architecture 603: 560:era, and the reign of the 20292: 20244: 20206: 19921: 19852: 19776: 19691: 19569: 19565: 19556: 19512: 19503: 19451: 19442: 19412: 19376: 19350: 19317: 19259: 19228: 19180: 19124: 19115: 19067:Cultural icons of England 18850:. International society. 18570:Ichikawa, Mariko (2012). 17580:Woodward, Donald (1980). 17535:www.thehistorypress.co.uk 17005:. BBC. 22 September 2017. 16478:Burns Windsor, D (1980). 16075:"Isambard Kingdom Brunel" 15638:28 September 2008 at the 15605:University College London 15520:Wolfgang Vierick (1964), 14843:Samuel Allsopp & Sons 14781:Ind Coope and Allsopp Ltd 14752:Samuel Allsopp & Sons 14719:Timothy Taylor's Landlord 13900:English Breakfast Society 13150:Particularly in Liverpool 12206:30 September 2011 at the 10817:"RHS Chelsea Flower Show" 10332:I Vow to Thee, My Country 10218:escape of King Charles II 9772:and 9th for science. The 9719:University College London 9572:King's School, Canterbury 8947:in 1895. Since 2008, the 8655:thoroughbred horse racing 8176:and its first president, 7513:, under the authority of 6578:in film. The concept of " 6393:Historia Regum Britanniae 5984: 5922:Dorset Blue Vinney cheese 5814:Chorleywood bread process 5444:(which largely displaced 5369:. Some puddings, such as 4456:painting of the same name 4203:British African-Caribbean 4105:Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 4085:, the most celebrated of 4069:, performing dogs, and a 4009:London Symphony Orchestra 3866:Royal Shakespeare Company 3833:, gorgeous costumes, and 3268:. Current actors include 3208:BFI Top 100 British films 3182:London Symphony Orchestra 3127:(1926), helped shape the 3047: 2824:A new trend emerged from 2653:Anglican choral tradition 2555:Pastime with Good Company 2050:A Midsummer Night's Dream 1968:Middle English literature 1579:National Portrait Gallery 1555:University College London 1260:art of the United Kingdom 984:Neoclassical architecture 768:; Ely with the shrine of 544:norms of England and the 280:Abbots Bromley Horn Dance 67:Pages from the "Songs of 19718:The Football Association 19003:MacIntyre, Jean (1992). 18972:Keenan, Siobhan (2014). 18691:A to Z of STS scientists 18668:Norbrook, David (2000). 18584:10.1017/CBO9781139097192 18551:Heywood, Andrew (2007). 18536:. Taylor & Francis. 18511:10.1017/CBO9780511819520 18477:The United Kingdom Today 18107:Royal Television Society 17806:"FT Global MBA Rankings" 17118:6 September 2011 at the 16418:McNeil & Nevell 2000 15843:Sandys, William (1852). 15652:"Sir William Blackstone" 15454:Aftermath: Commemoration 14940:24 November 2018 at the 14833:'s Summer Lightning and 14623:Until the 15th century, 13297:The merits of different 13192:had its headquarters in 13168:Immortalized in song by 12425:(12 ed.). Longman. 12423:A Handbook to Literature 12421:Harman, William (2011). 11168:"Cambridge City Council" 10514:www.stone-circles.org.uk 10306:England has no official 10072:Classic & Sports Car 9887:Royal Television Society 9787: 9687:, mathematics, history, 9645:, including the Islamic 9600:Secondary modern schools 9110:Doggett's Coat and Badge 9091:Walter Clopton Wingfield 8891:England rugby union team 8753:The Football Association 8677:. Association football, 8673:, where it evolved into 8586: 8232:– opened to the public. 8206:Kingdom of Great Britain 7963:The Father of Railways, 7594:Celebration of Christmas 7532:and his younger brother 7503:Archbishop of Canterbury 7424:Archbishop of Canterbury 7279:(one provision granting 7258:. He coined the phrase " 7252:adversarial court system 6758:. It is a member of the 6690:'s magician, the wizard 6612:. Jack is known for his 5907:Double Gloucester cheese 5552:, with fillings such as 5401:are sometimes sold from 5268:bread and butter pudding 4993:, sometimes served with 4881:, traditionally made on 4877:and usually followed by 4835:English Christmas dinner 4691:are traditional dishes. 4633:Gloucester Old Spot pigs 4590:steak and kidney pudding 4558:chicken and mushroom pie 4526:, Charlotte potato, and 4392:, artisanal production, 4332:from the royal court of 3974:companies, based at the 3603:The Faithful Shepherdess 3202:'s British horror films. 2793:delivered an address at 2651:The achievements of the 2474: 2456:was founded in 1820, by 1551:Slade School of Fine Art 1520:Arts and Crafts movement 1256:Kingdom of Great Britain 1087:English landscape garden 850:there was also castles, 19203:History of Anglo-Saxons 19052:Redlich, Monica (1957) 18800:Saunders, Paul (1982). 18782:Elizabethan Renaissance 18719:Stationery Office Books 18441:. Home & Van Thal. 17735:Beverley Grammar School 17468:University of Cambridge 17256:"Top 20 British Boxers" 16436:. BBC. 11 January 2017. 16291:Encyclopædia Britannica 14129:The Queen and her Cakes 14041:All About Afternoon Tea 13982:All About Afternoon Tea 13980:Cucumber Tea Sandwiches 13881:(Oxford marmalade) and 13852:British Food: A History 13759:Metro (15 October 2015) 13710:www.leaandperrins.co.uk 13374:20 October 2018 at the 12752:"Notting Hill Carnival" 12291:London Evening Standard 12239:"Jets, jeans and Hovis" 11861:. Retrieved 2010-27-11. 11836:. London. 28 July 2009. 11350:Encyclopedia Britannica 11001:Encyclopædia Britannica 10946:Encyclopædia Britannica 10908:"Britain's first nude?" 10704:www.mayfairoffice.co.uk 10140:coat of arms of England 9715:Imperial College London 9707:University of Cambridge 9697:Beverley Grammar School 9538:University of Cambridge 9514:University of Cambridge 9283:1950 British Grand Prix 9095:Wimbledon championships 9039:2022 Commonwealth Games 8669:was transported to the 8383:Isambard Kingdom Brunel 8224:in 1761 ushered in the 8021:, the first industrial 7926:Isambard Kingdom Brunel 7519:Commonwealth of Nations 7495:Commonwealth of England 7420:Augustine of Canterbury 6686:. In medieval folklore 6552:Captain Charles Johnson 6517:Pearly Kings and Queens 6507:in Leicestershire, and 5860:different kinds of milk 5834:List of English cheeses 5418:fried or scrambled eggs 4810:; and poultry, such as 4671:and wild game, such as 3819:Restoration spectacular 3583:The Shoemaker's Holiday 3290:The Imaginarium Studios 2819:Last Night of the Proms 2744:Sir Harrison Birtwistle 2704:. One of Handel's four 2413:London Evening Standard 2178:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 2121:Commonwealth of England 1962:Anglo-Norman literature 1908:provided the epic poem 1388:were also significant. 1338:William Holmes Sullivan 1147:RHS Chelsea Flower Show 1103:French landscape garden 1045:method into England by 606:Architecture of England 19964:Bosnia and Herzegovina 19529:Elizabethan government 19394:Kingdom of East Anglia 19389:Kingdom of Northumbria 18736:Pollard, A.J. (2004). 18555:. Palgrave Macmillan. 17410:historicengland.org.uk 17357:BBC (6 January 2003). 16597:Klein, Jürgen (2012), 16566:"Henry Maudsley Facts" 16073:Spratt, H. P. (1958). 16000:Smith, George (2008), 15413:Defoe, Daniel (1726). 15183:www.anyoneforpimms.com 14723:Green King's Abbot Ale 14672:, are brand examples. 14646:Fuller's London Porter 13873:Famous brands include 13573:hot water crust pastry 13250:T. Wall & Sons Ltd 13058:www.lovepotatoes.co.uk 13017:Norfolk Plough Pudding 12877:Dorothy Hartley (1954) 12778:Dorothy Hartley (1954) 12632:Hamilton, John (2000) 11503:10.18111/9789284421152 10792:"Gardens through time" 10384:English understatement 10316:Land of Hope and Glory 10066:The World of Interiors 9920:, closely followed by 9737:London Business School 9703:England's universities 9564: 9542:English-speaking world 9518:English-speaking world 9407:, the other being the 9397:World Darts Federation 9270:, is held annually at 9079: 9015:Juan Antonio Samaranch 8822: 8819:2019 Cricket World Cup 8696:, whose home venue is 8529: 8346:); match manufacture ( 8255: 8214:Scottish Enlightenment 8093:his eponymously named 8014: 7778: 7748:Science and technology 7612: 7524:A strong tradition of 7491:Elizabeth I of England 7415: 7345: 7334: 7289:Habeas Corpus Act 1679 6847:international language 6793:Received Pronunciation 6751: 6463:ghost associated with 6434: 6241:Shepherd Neame Brewery 6078: 5963:protected geographical 5917:Shropshire Blue cheese 5877: 5875:Stinking Bishop cheese 5666:. Particular types of 5630:, lemon drizzle cake, 5452:; usually served with 5410:Full English breakfast 5357:and, since the 1970s, 5308:treacle sponge pudding 5229:The Captain's Paradise 4552:and other variants of 4484:Norfolk Plough Pudding 4110:Jack and the Beanstalk 4038: 4005:Philharmonia Orchestra 3997:BBC Symphony Orchestra 3909: 3606:, 1608), and even the 3454: 3203: 3066: 2807:Ralph Vaughan Williams 2774: 2763:Royal College of Music 2724:Royal Academy of Music 2677:George Frideric Handel 2646:Royal College of Music 2497: 2404:The Road to Wigan Pier 2029:, whose works include 1906:Old English literature 1892:Early authors such as 1889: 1806: 1737: 1628:umbrella organisations 1623: 1508:Dante Gabriel Rossetti 1468: 1372:, such as the work of 1341: 1243: 1206:National Piers Society 1168:in England during the 1120:Inspired by the great 1090: 1052:Edwardian architecture 1028:Victorian architecture 797:Santiago de Compostela 754:first Christian martyr 728: 596: 85: 41: 37:(1920) displaying the 18:Quintessential English 19735:Rugby Football League 19218:Settlement of Britain 18986:10.5040/9781472575692 18978:Bloomsbury Publishing 18865:Watson, John (1985). 18695:. Facts on File Inc. 18611:. C Scribner's Sons. 17489:Sager, Peter (2005). 17430:Sager, Peter (2005). 15903:Christmas in my heart 15364:Angus Konstam (2008) 14598:thedrinksbusiness.com 14308:Names for bread rolls 13948:in the workhouse and 13380:Nottingham Goose Fair 13028:Consider the Dumpling 12851:. 22 September 2008. 12756:Notting Hill Carnival 11571:"Best in Travel 2020" 11142:"About the RSA – RSA" 10636:, MSN, archived from 10606:Westminster Abbey.org 10572:, MSN, archived from 10115:Royal Arms of England 9723:King's College London 9632:Roman Catholic Church 9558: 9550:academic institutions 9526:academic institutions 9450:, a regatta, and the 9246:. In women's boxing, 9177:The Open Championship 9073: 9003:William Penny Brookes 8959:. Club sides play in 8877:Lord's Cricket Ground 8811:Lord's Cricket Ground 8801: 8708:, England hosted the 8526:Scientific Revolution 8516: 8492:analytical philosophy 8433:Great Western Railway 8425:interchangeable parts 8344:Huntley & Palmers 8276:money back guarantees 8252:Industrial Revolution 8246: 8218:Industrial Revolution 8190:Industrial Revolution 8184:Industrial Revolution 8135:precision engineering 8079:universal gravitation 7993: 7975:(business partner of 7954:Greenwich Observatory 7932:, a series of famous 7930:Great Western Railway 7922:Industrial Revolution 7918:Scientific Revolution 7775:Scientific Revolution 7769: 7758:Industrial Revolution 7697:became a synonym for 7665:Poor Robin's Almanack 7601: 7540:is recognised as the 7410: 7340: 7327:Roman Catholic Church 7317: 6749: 6582:" was popularised by 6425:many works of fiction 6418: 6349:Sheriff of Nottingham 6073: 6057:Campaign for Real Ale 6022:English breakfast tea 5873: 5732:maids of honour tarts 5300:sticky toffee pudding 5211:, parsnip, chestnut, 4546:gammon, egg and chips 4303:Industrial Revolution 4195:Notting Hill Carnival 4059:Astley's Amphitheatre 4047:Chipperfield's Circus 4032: 3899: 3687:plays, and even from 3452: 3392:scenes with serious, 3190: 3061: 2760: 2570:amongst others. Many 2502:folk music of England 2492: 2481:Folk music of England 2395:best-selling novelist 2213:Industrial Revolution 2113:Divine Right of Kings 1933:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1878: 1836:fall within England. 1823:Royal Society of Arts 1800: 1728: 1606: 1537:, which includes the 1524:Royal Society of Arts 1457: 1391:In the 18th century, 1348:a strong interest in 1335: 1225: 1135:English country house 1084: 1068:English country house 1035:Industrial Revolution 970:. He was employed by 905:medieval architecture 723: 592: 584:Industrial Revolution 80: 39:Palace of Westminster 32: 19752:Rugby Football Union 19420:House of Plantagenet 18933:Briggs, Asa (1994). 18757:Rogers, Pat (2001). 18739:Imagining Robin Hood 18352:"Anthem for England" 18209:Garai, Jana (1973). 18007:corporate.uktv.co.uk 16206:"The Vacuum Cleaner" 15179:"PIMM'S | Home" 15018:, ed. Garrett Oliver 14996:Extra Special Bitter 14944:are brand examples. 14795:are brand examples. 14688:is a modern example. 14470:British Cheese Board 13525:English garden salad 12957:Covent Garden Market 12886:Usually served with 12666:20 Years of Laughter 12261:15 June 2012 at the 11288:visit1066country.com 11077:exhibition catalog, 11058:on 12 September 2017 10175:Richard I of England 10036:BBC History Magazine 10030:BBC Gardeners' World 9711:University of Oxford 9510:University of Oxford 9252:2012 Summer Olympics 9127:University Boat Race 9119:Cambridge University 9053:England cricket team 9019:Summer Olympic Games 8997:World Club Challenge 8911:2015 Rugby World Cup 8909:and also hosted the 8907:1991 Rugby World Cup 8901:scoring the winning 8895:2003 Rugby World Cup 8834:England cricket team 8817:. After winning the 8741:Ebenezer Cobb Morley 8496:Age of Enlightenment 8488:political philosophy 8480:enlightened thinking 8427:(a prerequisite for 8328:Allen & Hanburys 8326:); pharmaceuticals ( 8304:Lloyds Banking Group 8288:buy one get one free 8226:canal age in Britain 7799:James Prescott Joule 7626:Charles I of England 7558:Saint George's Cross 7432:Aidan of Lindisfarne 7366:Anglo-Saxon paganism 7319:Canterbury Cathedral 7168:England and Scotland 6827:Early Modern English 6732:The English language 6636:, and serial killer 6556:Golden Age of Piracy 6388:Geoffrey of Monmouth 6055:, stimulated by the 5967:Lincolnshire Poacher 5943:Milk Marketing Board 5912:Red Leicester cheese 5854:driving an electric 5781:(the latter marking 5670:are associated with 5626:, chocolate sponge, 5480:and scrambled eggs, 5428:, grilled tomatoes, 5233:Worcestershire sauce 5193:broccoli and stilton 5187:(sometimes known as 5177:carrot and coriander 5140:was named after the 4887:rum or brandy butter 4550:steak and kidney pie 3811:The Conscious Lovers 3775:The Way of the World 3437:Antony and Cleopatra 3278:Benedict Cumberbatch 2795:Birmingham Town Hall 2415:on 12 January 1946. 2237:cooperative movement 2208:were major figures. 2194:Percy Bysshe Shelley 2023:Early Modern English 2021:, literature in the 1977:The Canterbury Tales 1916:The Battle of Maldon 1914:and the fragmentary 1792:University of Oxford 1790:, was set up in the 1593:Heritage and tourism 1559:Royal College of Art 1504:John Everett Millais 1380:. Portraitists like 988:Age of Enlightenment 976:Great Fire of London 968:Sir Christopher Wren 949:Hampton Court Palace 886:Canterbury Cathedral 774:Edward the Confessor 737:veneration of saints 575:and philosophy. The 441:World Heritage Sites 20207:States with limited 19304:Union with Scotland 19284:English Reformation 19279:English Renaissance 19208:Anglo-Saxon England 18305:on 9 September 2008 18272:The Daily Telegraph 18213:The Book of Symbols 17698:. Crown copyright. 17638:BBC News 3 Dec 2011 17313:. Silverstone.co.uk 17135:. BBC. 9 June 2015. 16091:1958Natur.181.1754S 16085:(4626): 1754–1755. 15862:. Dent. p. 7. 15621:9 June 2008 at the 15599:5 June 2011 at the 15556:The British Library 15498:. 18 November 2016. 15269:Higham, NJ (2002). 14963:Newcastle Brown Ale 14919:Simmonds of Reading 14682:St. Peter's Brewery 14650:St. Peter's Brewery 14608:Camden Town Brewery 14279:Real Bread Campaign 14068:29 May 2018 at the 13896:Big Daddy Breakfast 13850:'Bubble and Squeak' 13742:Yorkshire Curd Tart 13452:7 June 2018 at the 13409:In the same period 13232:. The 1984 episode 13108:Lamb Cutlets Reform 13060:. 6 September 2023. 12959:. 17 September 2020 12849:www.telegraph.co.uk 12787:Richard L. Greaves 12552:The Daily Telegraph 12395:Campbell, William. 12075:The Daily Telegraph 12047:"Genres by Country" 11804:The Daily Telegraph 11421:on 4 September 2012 11334:on 17 January 2009. 11079:Hogarth the Painter 10914:The Daily Telegraph 10544:on 12 December 2009 10226:Battle of Worcester 9776:coordinated by the 9659:National Curriculum 9468:Robin Knox-Johnston 9421:World Championships 8993:Huddersfield Giants 8915:English Premiership 8869:County Championship 8859:England hosted the 8761:The Football League 8710:1966 FIFA World Cup 8417:screw-cutting lathe 8280:travelling salesmen 8210:English initiatives 8198:Glorious Revolution 8154:academy of sciences 8083:Newtonian mechanics 7956:and its associated 7708:The revival of the 7651:slogans. The book, 7544:of England. Before 7467:Catherine of Aragon 7440:Lindisfarne Gospels 7413:Lindisfarne Gospels 7389:Joseph of Arimathea 7341:The Lady Chapel of 7331:English Reformation 7310:Religion in England 7277:Bill of Rights 1689 7220:English law is the 7200:England and Ireland 6544:Published in 1724, 6495:in the North East, 6437:English fairy tale 6185:is produced in the 5343:Sussex pond pudding 4999:fish and chip shops 4907:Christmas stockings 4498:may be cooked with 4494:and seasonings and 4291:early modern period 3854:Andrew Lloyd Webber 3535:The Spanish Tragedy 3480:Christopher Marlowe 3418:English Renaissance 3334:Elizabethan theatre 3303:Alice in Wonderland 3252:, Ridley Scott and 2783:Sir Arthur Sullivan 2211:In response to the 2057:Christopher Marlowe 2027:William Shakespeare 2019:English Renaissance 1755:Salisbury Cathedral 1704:Roman Baths in Bath 1485:Sir Joshua Reynolds 1481:Thomas Gainsborough 1407:Pictorial satirist 1382:Thomas Gainsborough 1346:English Renaissance 1228:Staffordshire Hoard 986:advanced after the 945:Palace of Placentia 909:English Renaissance 890:Salisbury Cathedral 858:, universities and 846:. Expanding on the 820:Norman architecture 816:Norman architecture 801:Gothic architecture 764:of Lindisfarne and 562:Plantagenet Dynasty 20323:Culture of England 19915:Culture of Europe 19833:Saint George's Day 19425:House of Lancaster 19236:Kingdom of England 19137:History of England 18888:White, W. (1885). 18332:. RugbyNetwork.net 18299:"National flowers" 18246:projectbritain.com 17452:. 3 November 2020. 17093:The New York Times 17053:on 11 October 2006 17023:on 9 December 2006 16866:New Zealand Herald 16546:. 10 December 2012 14973:Nut Brown Ale and 14855:Marston's Pedigree 14731:Brakspear's Bitter 14324:Little Miss Muffet 14167:See in particular 14157:Olney Pancake Race 13789:in West Yorkshire. 13399:. 22 October 2011. 13344:Tewkesbury mustard 12904:Pottage of lentils 12900:Authorised Version 12823:on 13 January 2010 12802:. The French term 12493:"The Royal Ballet" 12265:. UK Film Council. 11883:on 6 January 2008. 11691:on 9 February 2006 11473:. English Heritage 11382:"The Turner Prize" 11308:on 7 December 2011 11189:"English Heritage" 10756:. 28 November 2019 10640:on 31 October 2009 10576:on 31 October 2009 10320:Commonwealth Games 10257:English Golf Union 10189:themselves, or as 9834:. The broadcaster 9681:European languages 9565: 9512:, followed by the 9456:Francis Chichester 9327:McLaren Automotive 9272:Aintree Racecourse 9121:Boat Club and the 9080: 9035:Commonwealth Games 8955:, which won three 8931:Northampton Saints 8861:ICC World Twenty20 8850:Cricket World Cups 8823: 8530: 8391:London Underground 8322:; life assurance ( 8256: 8212:combined with the 8027:the first computer 8015: 7851:John Horton Conway 7779: 7613: 7507:Anglican Communion 7416: 7346: 7335: 7238:William Blackstone 6833:to London and the 6823:North West England 6775:English in England 6752: 6670:anti-establishment 6652:of the foiling of 6598:Davy Jones' Locker 6435: 6263:micro-distilleries 6079: 6032:or piece of cake. 5897:Wensleydale cheese 5878: 5848:glass milk bottles 5528:includes a pot of 5359:lemon meringue pie 5225:Brown Windsor soup 5106:mushrooms on toast 5078:cauliflower cheese 4786:; pork, typically 4760:Yorkshire puddings 4597:savoury bacon roll 4472:a slice of the pie 4039: 3982:and choreographer 3940:in England is the 3910: 3908:during the summer. 3799:sentimental comedy 3794:with a dark side. 3653:Restoration comedy 3501:A Larum for London 3455: 3384:from the medieval 3338:Restoration comedy 3204: 3067: 2842:The Rolling Stones 2775: 2720:British coronation 2706:Coronation Anthems 2531:The Dancing Master 2498: 2452:in the world. The 2206:William Wordsworth 1890: 1871:English literature 1807: 1738: 1716:Studley Royal Park 1624: 1512:Edward Burne-Jones 1469: 1413:political cartoons 1370:landscape painting 1354:portrait miniature 1342: 1336:The Fairy Ring by 1244: 1091: 1039:The Crystal Palace 1010:and for women the 961:Palace of Beaulieu 729: 727:, dating from 1093 597: 538:culture of England 498:England portal 290:English folk music 193:Saint George's Day 91:Culture of England 86: 42: 20308: 20307: 19881: 19880: 19848: 19847: 19772: 19771: 19678:Science education 19671:Church of England 19552: 19551: 19499: 19498: 19438: 19437: 19404:Kingdom of Sussex 19399:Kingdom of Mercia 19251:Wars of the Roses 19018:978-0-88864-226-4 18918:978-1-4086-8062-9 18880:978-0-582-49259-2 18857:978-1-60520-202-0 18835:978-0-7139-9330-1 18813:978-0-87451-215-1 18792:978-0-684-12682-1 18768:978-0-19-285437-7 18749:978-0-415-22308-9 18728:978-0-11-621278-8 18702:978-0-8160-4606-5 18679:978-0-521-78569-3 18660:978-0-9528930-3-5 18641:978-0-671-63888-7 18618:978-0-7905-4982-8 18562:978-0-230-52179-7 18543:978-1-884964-20-6 18486:978-0-7496-6488-6 18467:978-1-85514-342-5 18448:978-0-8492-2139-2 18396:978-0-203-39737-4 18383:Briggs, Katharine 18152:. 10 October 2008 17946:. 3 December 2019 17920:. 9 December 2008 17674:"Types of school" 17511:. 3 November 2020 17470:. 28 January 2013 17212:on 28 August 2008 17157:978-0-9500061-1-6 16655:. 22 January 2012 16525:978-0-521-89280-3 16454:. 9 January 2009. 16285:Hunter, Michael. 16100:10.1038/1811754a0 15888:978-0-307-40578-4 15771:(12) pp. 7 – 14. 15767:, December 1985, 15738:on 5 October 2006 15345:. Charles Johnson 15273:. Routledge, 2002 15167:. 5 October 2020. 15076:ginger beer plant 14797:Burton-upon-Trent 14480:Examples include 14401:Cheddar, Somerset 14155:Historic UK. See 13875:Wilkin & Sons 13655:grand bouillon." 13599:The Food Timeline 13540:Also served as a 13190:Mac Fisheries Ltd 12979:Slow Food England 12797:978-0-8166-1030-3 12374:The Provoked Wife 11773:Hawkins-Dady 1996 10941:"Anglo-Saxon art" 10852:978-1-472-41898-2 10774:Lucia Impelluso, 10312:God Save the King 10273:Wars of the Roses 10230:English Civil War 10040:BBC Science Focus 9902:BBC World Service 9896:, which operates 9818:channels such as 9628:Church of England 9616:Shrewsbury School 9437:Ronnie O'Sullivan 9163:in the men's and 9123:Oxford University 9117:race between the 9063:than the British 8815:2009 Ashes series 8785:Tottenham Hotspur 8769:Manchester United 8671:American Colonies 8522:scientific method 8504:French Revolution 8375:Richard Arkwright 8371:George Stephenson 8324:Friends Provident 8286:, free delivery, 8222:Bridgewater Canal 8194:absolute monarchy 8095:law of elasticity 8043:blood transfusion 7965:George Stephenson 7946:Royal Institution 7726:I Saw Three Ships 7691:"Merry Christmas" 7681:A Christmas Carol 7634:English Civil War 7608:A Christmas Carol 7588:Dorothy L. Sayers 7550:Edmund the Martyr 7454:book produced at 7397:Lucius of Britain 7358:Celtic polytheism 7323:Church of England 7297:Albert Venn Dicey 7285:Petition of Right 7281:freedom of speech 7226:England and Wales 7207: 7206: 6835:Great Vowel Shift 6668:is an emblem for 6580:walking the plank 6453:Hereward the Wake 6410:Matter of Britain 6398:British tradition 6329:Wayland the Smith 6237:Marston's Brewery 6175:Burton upon Trent 6115:American pale ale 5939:wartime rationing 5932:Sage Derby cheese 5902:Lancashire cheese 5850:to the door by a 5796:Types of English 5550:finger sandwiches 5446:bubble and squeak 5288:Dorset apple cake 5189:London Particular 4879:Christmas pudding 4828:poultry factories 4764:Horseradish sauce 4619:, Northumberland 4578:Lancashire hotpot 4562:bacon and egg pie 4542:chicken and chips 4490:made with flour, 4338:Ploughman's lunch 4281:yorkshire pudding 4240:Ploughman's lunch 4175:Gertrude Lawrence 4122:Babes in the Wood 4037:, Dorset, England 3976:Royal Opera House 3958:Royal Albert Hall 3942:Royal Opera House 3902:Royal Albert Hall 3850:London's West End 3815:Love's Last Shift 3781:The Provoked Wife 3724:Earl of Rochester 3712:William Wycherley 3613:Four Plays in One 3246:Christopher Nolan 2627:I Saw Three Ships 2603:Hey Diddle Diddle 2540:Roxburghe Ballads 2409:A Nice Cup of Tea 2101:scientific method 2006:Julian of Norwich 1994:William of Ockham 1928:Dream of the Rood 1815:historical marker 1763:BBC Sound Archive 1734:Hastings Old Town 1730:Jack In the Green 1668:ancient monuments 1510:and subsequently 1447:(1794–1859), and 1317:(for example the 1250:. Early medieval 1202:Weston-super-Mare 1122:landscape artists 1012:Empire silhouette 870:Westminster Abbey 805:Westminster Abbey 571:, cinema, music, 534: 533: 16:(Redirected from 20330: 20245:Dependencies and 20181:Northern Ireland 19922:Sovereign states 19908: 19901: 19894: 19885: 19884: 19861: 19823:Royal supporters 19624:Landscape garden 19594:Country clothing 19567: 19566: 19563: 19562: 19510: 19509: 19449: 19448: 19384:Kingdom of Essex 19147:Local government 19122: 19121: 19101: 19094: 19087: 19078: 19077: 19054:Everyday England 19049: 19022: 18999: 18968: 18922: 18903: 18901: 18899: 18884: 18872: 18861: 18839: 18822:Underdown, David 18817: 18796: 18772: 18753: 18732: 18706: 18694: 18683: 18664: 18645: 18633: 18622: 18601: 18566: 18547: 18528: 18490: 18471: 18452: 18430: 18414: 18400: 18368: 18367: 18365: 18363: 18354:. Archived from 18348: 18342: 18341: 18339: 18337: 18321: 18315: 18314: 18312: 18310: 18295: 18289: 18288: 18286: 18284: 18279:on 24 April 2009 18275:. Archived from 18263: 18257: 18256: 18254: 18252: 18238: 18229: 18228: 18216: 18206: 18200: 18199: 18197: 18195: 18180: 18174: 18168: 18162: 18161: 18159: 18157: 18142: 18136: 18135: 18134:. 15 April 2021. 18124: 18118: 18117: 18115: 18113: 18099: 18093: 18092: 18090: 18088: 18082:www.channel4.com 18074: 18068: 18067: 18065: 18063: 18049: 18043: 18042: 18040: 18038: 18024: 18018: 18017: 18015: 18013: 17999: 17993: 17992: 17990: 17988: 17974: 17968: 17962: 17956: 17955: 17953: 17951: 17936: 17930: 17929: 17927: 17925: 17914: 17908: 17907: 17905: 17903: 17889: 17883: 17882: 17880: 17878: 17864: 17858: 17857: 17855: 17853: 17847: 17841:. 5 March 2016. 17840: 17832: 17826: 17825: 17823: 17821: 17812:. Archived from 17802: 17796: 17795: 17793: 17791: 17775: 17769: 17768: 17766: 17764: 17753: 17747: 17746: 17744: 17742: 17727: 17721: 17720: 17718: 17716: 17705: 17699: 17693: 17688: 17686: 17684: 17670: 17664: 17663: 17661: 17659: 17654:. H M Government 17647: 17641: 17635: 17629: 17624: 17618: 17617: 17577: 17571: 17570: 17568: 17566: 17560:SchoolWorkHelper 17552: 17546: 17545: 17543: 17541: 17527: 17521: 17520: 17518: 17516: 17501: 17495: 17494: 17486: 17480: 17479: 17477: 17475: 17460: 17454: 17453: 17442: 17436: 17435: 17427: 17421: 17420: 17418: 17416: 17402: 17396: 17395: 17393: 17391: 17377: 17371: 17370: 17368: 17366: 17354: 17348: 17347: 17345: 17343: 17329: 17323: 17322: 17320: 17318: 17303: 17297: 17291: 17285: 17279: 17273: 17272: 17270: 17268: 17252: 17246: 17240: 17234: 17231: 17225: 17224: 17219: 17217: 17198: 17192: 17191: 17189: 17187: 17168: 17162: 17161: 17150:. Leander Club. 17143: 17137: 17136: 17129: 17123: 17110: 17104: 17103: 17101: 17099: 17084: 17078: 17072: 17063: 17062: 17060: 17058: 17039: 17033: 17032: 17030: 17028: 17019:. Archived from 17013: 17007: 17006: 16999: 16993: 16987: 16981: 16980: 16978: 16976: 16961: 16955: 16954: 16952: 16950: 16939: 16933: 16932: 16930: 16928: 16912: 16906: 16905: 16903: 16901: 16896:. 9 October 2006 16884: 16878: 16877: 16875: 16873: 16858: 16852: 16851: 16849: 16847: 16830: 16824: 16818: 16812: 16811: 16809: 16807: 16793: 16787: 16786: 16784: 16782: 16763: 16754: 16753: 16751: 16749: 16724: 16718: 16717: 16715: 16713: 16698: 16692: 16691: 16689: 16687: 16671: 16665: 16664: 16662: 16660: 16645: 16639: 16638: 16636: 16634: 16620: 16614: 16613: 16612: 16610: 16594: 16588: 16585: 16579: 16576: 16570: 16569: 16562: 16556: 16555: 16553: 16551: 16536: 16530: 16529: 16509: 16503: 16500: 16494: 16493: 16475: 16456: 16455: 16444: 16438: 16437: 16430: 16421: 16415: 16409: 16403: 16394: 16393: 16391: 16389: 16377: 16368: 16365: 16359: 16358: 16356: 16354: 16349:on 10 April 2016 16348: 16342:. Archived from 16341: 16333: 16327: 16326: 16324: 16322: 16316:royalsociety.org 16308: 16302: 16301: 16299: 16297: 16282: 16276: 16275: 16272:royalsociety.org 16269: 16261: 16252: 16251: 16249: 16247: 16242:on 15 April 2010 16232: 16226: 16225: 16223: 16221: 16216:on 13 March 2010 16201: 16195: 16194: 16192: 16190: 16184:royalsociety.org 16176: 16170: 16164: 16158: 16152: 16146: 16140: 16134: 16131: 16125: 16119: 16113: 16112: 16102: 16070: 16064: 16049: 16043: 16042: 16040: 16038: 16023: 16017: 16016: 16015: 16013: 15997: 15991: 15990: 15988: 15986: 15974: 15968: 15958: 15952: 15942: 15936: 15919: 15913: 15901:Joe L. Wheeler. 15899: 15890: 15880: 15874: 15873: 15855: 15849: 15848: 15840: 15834: 15833: 15810: 15804: 15803: 15785: 15779: 15777:Internet Archive 15759:Durston, Chris, 15757: 15748: 15747: 15745: 15743: 15734:. Archived from 15728: 15722: 15716: 15710: 15707: 15701: 15698: 15692: 15691: 15673: 15667: 15666: 15664: 15662: 15648: 15642: 15631: 15625: 15613: 15607: 15591: 15585: 15584: 15573: 15567: 15566: 15564: 15562: 15548: 15542: 15541: 15518: 15512: 15506: 15500: 15499: 15488: 15482: 15476: 15470: 15469: 15468: 15466: 15449: 15443: 15436: 15430: 15427: 15421: 15420: 15410: 15404: 15403: 15401: 15399: 15384: 15378: 15375: 15369: 15362: 15356: 15339: 15333: 15332: 15330: 15328: 15313: 15307: 15301: 15295: 15289: 15283: 15280: 15274: 15267: 15261: 15260: 15259: 15257: 15239: 15233: 15227: 15221: 15215: 15209: 15205: 15199: 15193: 15187: 15186: 15175: 15169: 15168: 15157: 15151: 15150: 15149:. 27 March 2018. 15139: 15133: 15130: 15124: 15121: 15115: 15114: 15103: 15097: 15096: 15085: 15079: 15072: 15066: 15055: 15049: 15048: 15045:www.sweca.org.uk 15037: 15031: 15025: 15019: 15009: 15003: 14984: 14978: 14975:Mann's Brown Ale 14967:Wychwood Brewery 14959: 14953: 14914: 14908: 14905: 14899: 14888: 14882: 14868: 14862: 14859:Sharp's Doom Bar 14852: 14846: 14831:Hop Back Brewery 14828: 14822: 14821: 14810: 14804: 14778: 14772: 14748: 14742: 14727:Old Speckled Hen 14695: 14689: 14659: 14653: 14643: 14637: 14621: 14615: 14604:Meantime Brewery 14601: 14589: 14583: 14573: 14567: 14564: 14558: 14552: 14546: 14540: 14534: 14519: 14513: 14507: 14501: 14498: 14492: 14478: 14472: 14462: 14456: 14453:Ice cream makers 14450: 14444: 14438: 14432: 14426: 14420: 14409: 14403: 14397: 14391: 14385: 14379: 14368: 14362: 14359: 14353: 14343: 14337: 14333: 14327: 14317: 14311: 14304: 14298: 14287: 14281: 14267: 14261: 14258: 14252: 14249: 14243: 14240: 14234: 14231: 14225: 14222: 14216: 14213: 14207: 14204: 14198: 14195: 14189: 14186: 14180: 14177:Harvest Festival 14165: 14159: 14150: 14144: 14138: 14132: 14126: 14120: 14108: 14102: 14099: 14093: 14082: 14076: 14060: 14054: 14048: 14042: 14036: 14030: 14019: 14013: 14008:'s discovery of 14002: 13996: 13989: 13983: 13977: 13971: 13970: 13959: 13953: 13934: 13928: 13922: 13916: 13909: 13903: 13891: 13885: 13877:(Tiptree jams), 13871: 13865: 13859: 13853: 13847: 13841: 13838: 13832: 13824:Anthony Trollope 13821: 13816:. 30 June 2015. 13815: 13808: 13802: 13796: 13790: 13787:Rhubarb Triangle 13783: 13777: 13766: 13760: 13754: 13748: 13738: 13732: 13729: 13723: 13720: 13714: 13713: 13702: 13696: 13695: 13684: 13678: 13675: 13669: 13666: 13660: 13652: 13646: 13645: 13634: 13628: 13622: 13616: 13610: 13604: 13603: 13586: 13580: 13569: 13563: 13560: 13554: 13551: 13545: 13538: 13532: 13521: 13515: 13514: 13512: 13510: 13499: 13493: 13492: 13481: 13475: 13474: 13463: 13457: 13444: 13438: 13432: 13426: 13420: 13414: 13411:Bernard Matthews 13407: 13401: 13400: 13389: 13383: 13369:Michaelmas Geese 13365: 13359: 13353: 13347: 13337: 13331: 13324: 13318: 13295: 13289: 13283: 13277: 13274:Rules restaurant 13271: 13265: 13243: 13237: 13227: 13221: 13215: 13209: 13203: 13197: 13178: 13172: 13166: 13160: 13157: 13151: 13148: 13142: 13139: 13133: 13130: 13124: 13121: 13115: 13092: 13086: 13080: 13074: 13068: 13062: 13061: 13050: 13044: 13037: 13031: 13025: 13019: 13014: 13008: 13005: 12999: 12987: 12981: 12975: 12969: 12968: 12966: 12964: 12949: 12943: 12937: 12931: 12917:convenience food 12913: 12907: 12896: 12890: 12884: 12878: 12871: 12865: 12864: 12862: 12860: 12846: 12839: 12833: 12832: 12830: 12828: 12813: 12807: 12785: 12779: 12773: 12767: 12766: 12764: 12762: 12748: 12739: 12736: 12730: 12727: 12721: 12715: 12709: 12703: 12697: 12687: 12681: 12678: 12669: 12663: 12657: 12654: 12648: 12643: 12637: 12630: 12624: 12613: 12607: 12606: 12604: 12602: 12587: 12586: 12584: 12569: 12560: 12559: 12554:. 11 June 2015. 12549: 12542: 12533: 12532: 12530: 12528: 12514: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12503: 12489: 12483: 12482: 12480: 12478: 12464: 12458: 12455: 12446: 12443: 12437: 12436: 12418: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12392: 12386: 12371: 12365: 12359: 12354: 12348: 12347:, pp. 1–12. 12342: 12336: 12330: 12324: 12318: 12312: 12300: 12294: 12284: 12278: 12272: 12266: 12253: 12247: 12246: 12235: 12229: 12217: 12211: 12198: 12192: 12191: 12189: 12187: 12172: 12166: 12165: 12163: 12161: 12146: 12140: 12139: 12115: 12109: 12108: 12097: 12091: 12090: 12083: 12077: 12068: 12062: 12061: 12059: 12057: 12043: 12037: 12036: 12025: 12019: 12018: 12016: 12014: 12000: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11989: 11975: 11969: 11968: 11928: 11922: 11916: 11910: 11909: 11907: 11905: 11891: 11885: 11884: 11868: 11862: 11856: 11850: 11844: 11838: 11837: 11826: 11820: 11819: 11817: 11815: 11801: 11794: 11788: 11782: 11776: 11770: 11764: 11758: 11752: 11746: 11740: 11734: 11728: 11722: 11716: 11710: 11701: 11700: 11698: 11696: 11687:. Archived from 11679: 11673: 11672: 11670: 11668: 11657: 11651: 11645: 11639: 11633: 11627: 11621: 11612: 11611: 11609: 11607: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11582: 11567: 11561: 11560: 11559:. 10 April 2015. 11557:visitbritain.org 11549: 11543: 11542: 11531: 11525: 11524: 11489: 11483: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11467: 11456: 11455: 11453: 11451: 11437: 11431: 11430: 11428: 11426: 11420: 11413: 11405: 11399: 11396: 11390: 11389: 11378: 11372: 11371: 11360: 11354: 11353: 11342: 11336: 11335: 11324: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11313: 11304:. Archived from 11298: 11292: 11291: 11280: 11274: 11271: 11265: 11260: 11254: 11253: 11251: 11249: 11243:English Heritage 11235: 11229: 11228: 11226: 11224: 11218:English Heritage 11210: 11204: 11203: 11201: 11199: 11185: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11174: 11163: 11157: 11156: 11154: 11152: 11138: 11132: 11129: 11123: 11122: 11120: 11118: 11102: 11096: 11095: 11088: 11082: 11074: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11063: 11054:. Archived from 11052:Ashmolean Museum 11044: 11038: 11037: 11035: 11033: 11019: 11013: 11012: 11010: 11008: 10992: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10975:smarthistory.org 10967: 10958: 10957: 10955: 10953: 10937: 10931: 10930: 10928: 10926: 10910: 10903: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10892: 10882: 10876: 10870: 10857: 10856: 10838: 10832: 10831: 10829: 10827: 10813: 10807: 10806: 10804: 10802: 10796:English Heritage 10788: 10779: 10772: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10761: 10746: 10740: 10739: 10737: 10735: 10721: 10715: 10714: 10712: 10710: 10696: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10685: 10673:Craven, Jackie. 10670: 10664: 10655: 10649: 10648: 10647: 10645: 10624: 10618: 10615: 10609: 10603: 10597: 10591: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10581: 10560: 10554: 10553: 10551: 10549: 10534: 10525: 10524: 10522: 10520: 10506: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10481: 10472: 10471: 10469: 10467: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10434: 10428: 10427: 10425: 10423: 10408: 10368: 10363: 10362: 10354: 10349: 10348: 10347: 10216:commemorate the 10179:English heraldry 10111: 10097: 10079:National symbols 10044:BBC Sky at Night 10025:English Heritage 9747:Academic degrees 9685:natural sciences 9561:Alfred the Great 9544:and the world's 9413:Alexandra Palace 9106:Livery Companies 9021:three times, in 8971:, Yorkshire and 8919:Leicester Tigers 8593:Sport in England 8580:Bertrand Russell 8574:John Stuart Mill 8445:SS Great Eastern 8438:SS Great Britain 8410: 8409: 8405: 8402: 8316:Backhouse's Bank 8045:, the motorised 8023:spinning machine 8011:Sir Isaac Newton 7985:smallpox vaccine 7905:was invented by 7895:Christopher Wren 7887:Joseph Priestley 7867:Oliver Heaviside 7771:Sir Isaac Newton 7740:was produced by 7678:wrote the novel 7584:The Nine Tailors 7556:consists of the 7428:Celtic Christian 7362:Roman polytheism 7283:in Parliament), 6871: 6870: 6817:, was spoken in 6797:regional accents 6789:Standard English 6712:, featuring the 6698:, consultant to 6672:protest groups. 6576:Long John Silver 6574:'s portrayal of 6519:associated with 6497:Long Sword dance 6457:Herne the Hunter 6406:pseudo-histories 6360:Arthurian legend 6356:High Middle Ages 6295:English folklore 6255:Pimm's No. 1 Cup 6229:pork scratchings 6018:Lapsang Souchong 6016:(Sri Lanka) and 5927:Swaledale cheese 5787:English Pancakes 5664:Guy Fawkes Night 5648:Mothering Sunday 5592: 5571: 5524:in the 1840s. A 5494:breakfast cereal 5142:Earl of Sandwich 5134:bacon sandwiches 4952: 4936: 4920: 4871:brussels sprouts 4859:pigs in blankets 4784:redcurrant jelly 4756:fore rib of beef 4629:toad in the hole 4625:sausage and mash 4537:, pork and lamb 4462:such as "to eat 4414:farmers' markets 4297:and through the 4269: 4253: 4236: 3984:Frederick Ashton 3972:classical ballet 3968:The Royal Ballet 3759:William Congreve 3752:double entendres 3743:The Country Wife 3734:Restoration rake 3588:Thomas Middleton 3521:The Jew of Malta 3431:Romeo and Juliet 3119:Daniel Day-Lewis 3083:Laurence Olivier 3071:Alfred Hitchcock 3063:Alfred Hitchcock 2914:progressive rock 2910:British invasion 2799:Benjamin Britten 2779:Sir Edward Elgar 2740:Sir Simon Rattle 2711:Zadok the Priest 2430:J. R. R. Tolkien 2325:J. R. R. Tolkien 2255:was involved in 2253:Bernard Williams 2249:Bertrand Russell 2245:John Stuart Mill 2221:G. K. Chesterton 2038:Romeo and Juliet 2025:style appeared. 1972:Geoffrey Chaucer 1904:. The period of 1827:English Heritage 1784:Ashmolean Museum 1775:National Gallery 1712:Ironbridge Gorge 1656:Historic England 1650:listed buildings 1642:English Heritage 1632:English Heritage 1599:English Heritage 1575:National Gallery 1441:John Sell Cotman 1398:Alexander Cozens 1358:monumental tombs 1238:gold and silver 1139:English Heritage 1095:Capability Brown 1072:English Heritage 826:period, such as 725:Durham Cathedral 652:triumphal arches 628:Rudston Monolith 526: 519: 512: 496: 495: 494: 300:Long Sword dance 208:Harvest Festival 203:Guy Fawkes Night 198:Commonwealth Day 138:Country clothing 100: 88: 87: 61: 52: 21: 20338: 20337: 20333: 20332: 20331: 20329: 20328: 20327: 20313: 20312: 20309: 20304: 20288: 20246: 20240: 20226:Northern Cyprus 20208: 20202: 20096:North Macedonia 19917: 19912: 19882: 19877: 19864: 19857: 19844: 19818:Royal standards 19768: 19687: 19548: 19495: 19434: 19408: 19372: 19346: 19313: 19289:Elizabethan era 19255: 19241:Norman Conquest 19224: 19176: 19162:English society 19111: 19105: 19063: 19046: 19019: 18996: 18965: 18945:(1st ed. 1983). 18930: 18928:Further reading 18925: 18919: 18897: 18895: 18881: 18858: 18844:Warner, Charles 18836: 18814: 18793: 18769: 18750: 18729: 18703: 18680: 18661: 18642: 18619: 18594: 18563: 18544: 18521: 18487: 18468: 18449: 18427: 18417:HarperPerennial 18397: 18377: 18372: 18371: 18361: 18359: 18350: 18349: 18345: 18335: 18333: 18322: 18318: 18308: 18306: 18297: 18296: 18292: 18282: 18280: 18265: 18264: 18260: 18250: 18248: 18240: 18239: 18232: 18225: 18207: 18203: 18193: 18191: 18181: 18177: 18169: 18165: 18155: 18153: 18144: 18143: 18139: 18126: 18125: 18121: 18111: 18109: 18101: 18100: 18096: 18086: 18084: 18076: 18075: 18071: 18061: 18059: 18051: 18050: 18046: 18036: 18034: 18026: 18025: 18021: 18011: 18009: 18001: 18000: 17996: 17986: 17984: 17976: 17975: 17971: 17963: 17959: 17949: 17947: 17938: 17937: 17933: 17923: 17921: 17916: 17915: 17911: 17901: 17899: 17891: 17890: 17886: 17876: 17874: 17866: 17865: 17861: 17851: 17849: 17845: 17838: 17834: 17833: 17829: 17819: 17817: 17810:Financial Times 17804: 17803: 17799: 17789: 17787: 17776: 17772: 17762: 17760: 17755: 17754: 17750: 17740: 17738: 17729: 17728: 17724: 17714: 17712: 17706: 17702: 17682: 17680: 17672: 17671: 17667: 17657: 17655: 17648: 17644: 17636: 17632: 17625: 17621: 17598:10.2307/2595542 17578: 17574: 17564: 17562: 17554: 17553: 17549: 17539: 17537: 17529: 17528: 17524: 17514: 17512: 17503: 17502: 17498: 17487: 17483: 17473: 17471: 17464:"Early records" 17462: 17461: 17457: 17444: 17443: 17439: 17428: 17424: 17414: 17412: 17404: 17403: 17399: 17389: 17387: 17379: 17378: 17374: 17364: 17362: 17355: 17351: 17341: 17339: 17331: 17330: 17326: 17316: 17314: 17305: 17304: 17300: 17292: 17288: 17280: 17276: 17266: 17264: 17261:Bleacher Report 17254: 17253: 17249: 17241: 17237: 17232: 17228: 17215: 17213: 17200: 17199: 17195: 17185: 17183: 17170: 17169: 17165: 17158: 17144: 17140: 17131: 17130: 17126: 17120:Wayback Machine 17111: 17107: 17097: 17095: 17085: 17081: 17073: 17066: 17056: 17054: 17041: 17040: 17036: 17026: 17024: 17015: 17014: 17010: 17001: 17000: 16996: 16988: 16984: 16974: 16972: 16963: 16962: 16958: 16948: 16946: 16941: 16940: 16936: 16926: 16924: 16921:The Independent 16913: 16909: 16899: 16897: 16886: 16885: 16881: 16871: 16869: 16860: 16859: 16855: 16845: 16843: 16831: 16827: 16819: 16815: 16805: 16803: 16795: 16794: 16790: 16780: 16778: 16765: 16764: 16757: 16747: 16745: 16725: 16721: 16711: 16709: 16699: 16695: 16685: 16683: 16672: 16668: 16658: 16656: 16647: 16646: 16642: 16632: 16630: 16622: 16621: 16617: 16608: 16606: 16599:"Francis Bacon" 16595: 16591: 16586: 16582: 16577: 16573: 16564: 16563: 16559: 16549: 16547: 16538: 16537: 16533: 16526: 16510: 16506: 16501: 16497: 16490: 16476: 16459: 16448:"They Broke It" 16446: 16445: 16441: 16432: 16431: 16424: 16416: 16412: 16404: 16397: 16387: 16385: 16378: 16371: 16366: 16362: 16352: 16350: 16346: 16339: 16335: 16334: 16330: 16320: 16318: 16310: 16309: 16305: 16295: 16293: 16287:"Royal Society" 16283: 16279: 16267: 16263: 16262: 16255: 16245: 16243: 16234: 16233: 16229: 16219: 16217: 16202: 16198: 16188: 16186: 16178: 16177: 16173: 16165: 16161: 16153: 16149: 16141: 16137: 16132: 16128: 16120: 16116: 16071: 16067: 16050: 16046: 16036: 16034: 16025: 16024: 16020: 16011: 16009: 15998: 15994: 15984: 15982: 15975: 15971: 15959: 15955: 15943: 15939: 15920: 15916: 15900: 15893: 15881: 15877: 15870: 15856: 15852: 15841: 15837: 15811: 15807: 15800: 15786: 15782: 15758: 15751: 15741: 15739: 15730: 15729: 15725: 15717: 15713: 15708: 15704: 15699: 15695: 15688: 15674: 15670: 15660: 15658: 15650: 15649: 15645: 15640:Wayback Machine 15632: 15628: 15623:Wayback Machine 15614: 15610: 15601:Wayback Machine 15592: 15588: 15575: 15574: 15570: 15560: 15558: 15550: 15549: 15545: 15538: 15519: 15515: 15507: 15503: 15490: 15489: 15485: 15477: 15473: 15464: 15462: 15461:on 8 April 2009 15451: 15450: 15446: 15437: 15433: 15428: 15424: 15411: 15407: 15397: 15395: 15385: 15381: 15376: 15372: 15363: 15359: 15353:David Cordingly 15340: 15336: 15326: 15324: 15315: 15314: 15310: 15304:Withington 2008 15302: 15298: 15290: 15286: 15281: 15277: 15268: 15264: 15255: 15253: 15242:Wood, Michael, 15240: 15236: 15228: 15224: 15216: 15212: 15206: 15202: 15194: 15190: 15177: 15176: 15172: 15159: 15158: 15154: 15141: 15140: 15136: 15131: 15127: 15122: 15118: 15105: 15104: 15100: 15087: 15086: 15082: 15073: 15069: 15056: 15052: 15039: 15038: 15034: 15026: 15022: 15010: 15006: 14985: 14981: 14960: 14956: 14942:Wayback Machine 14935:Brakespear Mild 14915: 14911: 14906: 14902: 14889: 14885: 14873:Winter Warmer, 14869: 14865: 14853: 14849: 14829: 14825: 14812: 14811: 14807: 14779: 14775: 14749: 14745: 14739:Charles Wells's 14707:Chiswick Bitter 14699:Inside the pale 14696: 14692: 14660: 14656: 14644: 14640: 14622: 14618: 14590: 14586: 14574: 14570: 14565: 14561: 14553: 14549: 14541: 14537: 14520: 14516: 14508: 14504: 14499: 14495: 14479: 14475: 14463: 14459: 14451: 14447: 14439: 14435: 14427: 14423: 14410: 14406: 14398: 14394: 14386: 14382: 14369: 14365: 14360: 14356: 14344: 14340: 14334: 14330: 14318: 14314: 14305: 14301: 14288: 14284: 14268: 14264: 14259: 14255: 14250: 14246: 14241: 14237: 14232: 14228: 14223: 14219: 14214: 14210: 14205: 14201: 14196: 14192: 14187: 14183: 14166: 14162: 14151: 14147: 14139: 14135: 14127: 14123: 14109: 14105: 14100: 14096: 14083: 14079: 14070:Wayback Machine 14061: 14057: 14049: 14045: 14037: 14033: 14020: 14016: 14004:Promoted after 14003: 13999: 13990: 13986: 13978: 13974: 13961: 13960: 13956: 13944:'s request for 13935: 13931: 13923: 13919: 13910: 13906: 13892: 13888: 13872: 13868: 13860: 13856: 13848: 13844: 13839: 13835: 13822:The Telegraph. 13810: 13809: 13805: 13797: 13793: 13784: 13780: 13767: 13763: 13755: 13751: 13739: 13735: 13730: 13726: 13721: 13717: 13704: 13703: 13699: 13686: 13685: 13681: 13676: 13672: 13667: 13663: 13653: 13649: 13636: 13635: 13631: 13623: 13619: 13611: 13607: 13587: 13583: 13570: 13566: 13561: 13557: 13552: 13548: 13539: 13535: 13522: 13518: 13508: 13506: 13500: 13496: 13483: 13482: 13478: 13465: 13464: 13460: 13454:Wayback Machine 13445: 13441: 13433: 13429: 13421: 13417: 13408: 13404: 13397:The Independent 13391: 13390: 13386: 13376:Wayback Machine 13366: 13362: 13354: 13350: 13338: 13334: 13325: 13321: 13296: 13292: 13284: 13280: 13272: 13268: 13244: 13240: 13228: 13224: 13216: 13212: 13204: 13200: 13179: 13175: 13167: 13163: 13158: 13154: 13149: 13145: 13140: 13136: 13131: 13127: 13122: 13118: 13093: 13089: 13081: 13077: 13069: 13065: 13052: 13051: 13047: 13038: 13034: 13026: 13022: 13015: 13011: 13006: 13002: 12988: 12984: 12976: 12972: 12962: 12960: 12951: 12950: 12946: 12938: 12934: 12921:Packaged food, 12914: 12910: 12897: 12893: 12885: 12881: 12872: 12868: 12858: 12856: 12841: 12840: 12836: 12826: 12824: 12815: 12814: 12810: 12786: 12782: 12774: 12770: 12760: 12758: 12750: 12749: 12742: 12737: 12733: 12728: 12724: 12716: 12712: 12704: 12700: 12688: 12684: 12679: 12672: 12664: 12660: 12655: 12651: 12644: 12640: 12631: 12627: 12614: 12610: 12600: 12598: 12582: 12580: 12571: 12570: 12563: 12544: 12543: 12536: 12526: 12524: 12516: 12515: 12511: 12501: 12499: 12491: 12490: 12486: 12476: 12474: 12466: 12465: 12461: 12456: 12449: 12444: 12440: 12433: 12419: 12415: 12405: 12403: 12393: 12389: 12372: 12368: 12357: 12355: 12351: 12343: 12339: 12331: 12327: 12319: 12315: 12301: 12297: 12285: 12281: 12273: 12269: 12263:Wayback Machine 12254: 12250: 12245:. 12 June 2015. 12237: 12236: 12232: 12218: 12214: 12208:Wayback Machine 12199: 12195: 12185: 12183: 12182:on 26 July 2013 12174: 12173: 12169: 12159: 12157: 12148: 12147: 12143: 12136: 12116: 12112: 12107:on 17 May 2012. 12099: 12098: 12094: 12085: 12084: 12080: 12069: 12065: 12055: 12053: 12045: 12044: 12040: 12027: 12026: 12022: 12012: 12010: 12002: 12001: 11997: 11987: 11985: 11977: 11976: 11972: 11929: 11925: 11917: 11913: 11903: 11901: 11893: 11892: 11888: 11869: 11865: 11857: 11853: 11845: 11841: 11828: 11827: 11823: 11813: 11811: 11796: 11795: 11791: 11785:Eccleshare 2002 11783: 11779: 11771: 11767: 11759: 11755: 11747: 11743: 11735: 11731: 11723: 11719: 11711: 11704: 11694: 11692: 11681: 11680: 11676: 11666: 11664: 11659: 11658: 11654: 11646: 11642: 11634: 11630: 11622: 11615: 11605: 11603: 11595: 11594: 11590: 11580: 11578: 11569: 11568: 11564: 11551: 11550: 11546: 11533: 11532: 11528: 11513: 11491: 11490: 11486: 11476: 11474: 11469: 11468: 11459: 11449: 11447: 11439: 11438: 11434: 11424: 11422: 11418: 11411: 11407: 11406: 11402: 11397: 11393: 11380: 11379: 11375: 11368:www.artinfo.com 11362: 11361: 11357: 11344: 11343: 11339: 11326: 11325: 11321: 11311: 11309: 11300: 11299: 11295: 11282: 11281: 11277: 11272: 11268: 11261: 11257: 11247: 11245: 11237: 11236: 11232: 11222: 11220: 11212: 11211: 11207: 11197: 11195: 11187: 11186: 11182: 11172: 11170: 11166: 11164: 11160: 11150: 11148: 11140: 11139: 11135: 11130: 11126: 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10138:introduced the 10129:St George's Day 10121: 10120: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10112: 10104: 10103: 10098: 10087: 10081: 9955:Financial Times 9796: 9790: 9764:. 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19068: 19065: 19064: 19055: 19051: 19047: 19045:9781138235656 19041: 19037: 19033: 19029: 19024: 19020: 19014: 19010: 19006: 19001: 18997: 18995:9781408146637 18991: 18987: 18983: 18979: 18975: 18970: 18966: 18964:9780415489010 18960: 18956: 18952: 18947: 18944: 18940: 18936: 18932: 18931: 18920: 18914: 18910: 18905: 18893: 18892: 18886: 18882: 18876: 18871: 18870: 18863: 18859: 18853: 18849: 18845: 18841: 18837: 18831: 18827: 18823: 18819: 18815: 18809: 18805: 18804: 18798: 18794: 18788: 18784: 18783: 18778: 18774: 18770: 18764: 18760: 18755: 18751: 18745: 18742:. Routledge. 18741: 18740: 18734: 18730: 18724: 18720: 18716: 18712: 18708: 18704: 18698: 18693: 18692: 18685: 18681: 18675: 18671: 18666: 18662: 18656: 18652: 18647: 18643: 18637: 18632: 18631: 18624: 18620: 18614: 18610: 18609: 18603: 18599: 18595: 18593:9781139097192 18589: 18585: 18581: 18577: 18574:. Cambridge: 18573: 18568: 18564: 18558: 18554: 18549: 18545: 18539: 18535: 18530: 18526: 18522: 18520:9780511819520 18516: 18512: 18508: 18504: 18500: 18496: 18492: 18488: 18482: 18478: 18473: 18469: 18463: 18459: 18454: 18450: 18444: 18440: 18436: 18432: 18428: 18422: 18418: 18413: 18412: 18406: 18402: 18398: 18392: 18389:. Routledge. 18388: 18384: 18380: 18379: 18357: 18353: 18347: 18331: 18327: 18320: 18304: 18300: 18294: 18278: 18274: 18273: 18268: 18262: 18247: 18243: 18237: 18235: 18226: 18224:0-671-21773-9 18220: 18215: 18214: 18205: 18190: 18186: 18179: 18173: 18167: 18151: 18147: 18141: 18133: 18129: 18123: 18108: 18104: 18098: 18083: 18079: 18073: 18058: 18054: 18048: 18033: 18029: 18023: 18008: 18004: 17998: 17983: 17979: 17973: 17967:, p. 36. 17966: 17961: 17945: 17941: 17935: 17919: 17913: 17898: 17894: 17888: 17873: 17869: 17863: 17844: 17837: 17831: 17816:on 4 May 2011 17815: 17811: 17807: 17801: 17785: 17781: 17774: 17758: 17752: 17737:. 6 July 2012 17736: 17732: 17726: 17711: 17704: 17697: 17692: 17679: 17675: 17669: 17653: 17646: 17639: 17634: 17627: 17623: 17615: 17611: 17607: 17603: 17599: 17595: 17591: 17587: 17583: 17576: 17561: 17557: 17551: 17536: 17532: 17526: 17510: 17506: 17500: 17492: 17485: 17469: 17465: 17459: 17451: 17447: 17441: 17434:. p. 36. 17433: 17426: 17411: 17407: 17401: 17386: 17385:Dartsdatabase 17382: 17376: 17360: 17353: 17338: 17334: 17328: 17312: 17308: 17302: 17295: 17290: 17283: 17278: 17263: 17262: 17257: 17251: 17244: 17239: 17230: 17223: 17211: 17207: 17203: 17197: 17181: 17177: 17173: 17167: 17159: 17153: 17149: 17142: 17134: 17128: 17121: 17117: 17114: 17109: 17094: 17090: 17083: 17076: 17071: 17069: 17052: 17048: 17044: 17038: 17022: 17018: 17012: 17004: 16998: 16991: 16986: 16970: 16966: 16960: 16944: 16938: 16922: 16918: 16911: 16895: 16891: 16890: 16883: 16867: 16863: 16857: 16842: 16838: 16837: 16829: 16822: 16817: 16802: 16798: 16792: 16777:on 3 May 2016 16776: 16772: 16771:Sporting Life 16768: 16762: 16760: 16744: 16740: 16736: 16735: 16730: 16723: 16707: 16703: 16702:Paul Mitchell 16697: 16681: 16677: 16670: 16654: 16650: 16644: 16629: 16628:www.bbc.co.uk 16625: 16619: 16604: 16600: 16593: 16584: 16575: 16567: 16561: 16545: 16541: 16535: 16527: 16521: 16517: 16516: 16508: 16499: 16491: 16489:0-584-10257-7 16485: 16481: 16474: 16472: 16470: 16468: 16466: 16464: 16462: 16453: 16449: 16443: 16435: 16429: 16427: 16419: 16414: 16407: 16402: 16400: 16383: 16380:Hudson, Pat. 16376: 16374: 16364: 16345: 16338: 16332: 16317: 16313: 16307: 16292: 16288: 16281: 16273: 16266: 16260: 16258: 16241: 16237: 16231: 16215: 16211: 16207: 16200: 16185: 16181: 16175: 16169:, p. 183 16168: 16163: 16157:, p. 335 16156: 16151: 16144: 16143:Saunders 1982 16139: 16130: 16124:, p. 214 16123: 16118: 16110: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16092: 16088: 16084: 16080: 16076: 16069: 16062: 16061:0-521-34804-8 16058: 16054: 16048: 16032: 16028: 16022: 16007: 16003: 15996: 15980: 15973: 15967: 15966:0-8020-7752-8 15963: 15957: 15951: 15950:1-55111-476-3 15947: 15941: 15934: 15933:0-19-285448-8 15930: 15926: 15923: 15922:Ronald Hutton 15918: 15912: 15911:0-8280-1622-4 15908: 15904: 15898: 15896: 15889: 15885: 15879: 15871: 15869:0-460-12039-5 15865: 15861: 15854: 15846: 15839: 15832: 15828: 15824: 15820: 15816: 15809: 15801: 15799:9780664225797 15795: 15791: 15784: 15778: 15774: 15770: 15766: 15765:History Today 15762: 15756: 15754: 15737: 15733: 15727: 15721: 15715: 15706: 15697: 15689: 15687:0-8020-4127-2 15683: 15679: 15672: 15657: 15653: 15647: 15641: 15637: 15634: 15630: 15624: 15620: 15617: 15612: 15606: 15602: 15598: 15595: 15590: 15582: 15578: 15572: 15557: 15553: 15547: 15539: 15537:3-631-33066-9 15533: 15529: 15523: 15517: 15510: 15505: 15497: 15493: 15487: 15480: 15475: 15460: 15456: 15455: 15448: 15441: 15435: 15426: 15419:. p. 89. 15418: 15417: 15409: 15394: 15390: 15383: 15374: 15367: 15361: 15354: 15350: 15346: 15344: 15338: 15323:on 5 May 2009 15322: 15318: 15312: 15305: 15300: 15294:, p. 26. 15293: 15288: 15279: 15272: 15266: 15251: 15250: 15245: 15238: 15231: 15226: 15220:, p. 50. 15219: 15214: 15204: 15197: 15192: 15184: 15180: 15174: 15166: 15162: 15156: 15148: 15144: 15138: 15129: 15120: 15112: 15108: 15102: 15094: 15090: 15084: 15077: 15071: 15064: 15060: 15059:Black and Tan 15054: 15046: 15042: 15036: 15029: 15024: 15017: 15013: 15008: 15001: 14997: 14993: 14989: 14983: 14976: 14972: 14968: 14964: 14958: 14951: 14947: 14943: 14939: 14936: 14932: 14928: 14924: 14920: 14913: 14904: 14897: 14893: 14892:winter warmer 14887: 14880: 14876: 14872: 14867: 14860: 14856: 14851: 14844: 14840: 14836: 14832: 14827: 14819: 14815: 14809: 14802: 14798: 14794: 14793:Worthington E 14790: 14789:Bass Pale Ale 14786: 14782: 14777: 14770: 14766: 14762: 14758: 14753: 14747: 14740: 14736: 14732: 14728: 14724: 14720: 14716: 14712: 14708: 14704: 14700: 14694: 14687: 14683: 14679: 14675: 14671: 14667: 14663: 14658: 14651: 14647: 14642: 14635: 14630: 14626: 14620: 14613: 14609: 14605: 14599: 14595: 14588: 14581: 14577: 14572: 14563: 14556: 14551: 14545: 14539: 14532: 14528: 14524: 14518: 14512: 14506: 14497: 14491: 14487: 14483: 14482:Somerset Brie 14477: 14471: 14467: 14461: 14454: 14449: 14443: 14437: 14431: 14425: 14418: 14414: 14408: 14402: 14396: 14390: 14384: 14377: 14373: 14367: 14358: 14352: 14350: 14342: 14332: 14325: 14321: 14316: 14309: 14303: 14296: 14292: 14286: 14280: 14276: 14272: 14266: 14257: 14248: 14239: 14230: 14221: 14212: 14203: 14194: 14185: 14178: 14174: 14170: 14164: 14158: 14154: 14149: 14142: 14137: 14130: 14125: 14119: 14118:Rupert Brooke 14115: 14114: 14107: 14098: 14091: 14087: 14086:eggs Benedict 14081: 14075: 14071: 14067: 14064: 14059: 14052: 14047: 14040: 14035: 14028: 14025:and possibly 14024: 14018: 14011: 14010:baking powder 14007: 14001: 13994: 13988: 13981: 13976: 13968: 13964: 13958: 13951: 13947: 13943: 13939: 13933: 13926: 13921: 13914: 13908: 13901: 13897: 13890: 13884: 13880: 13876: 13870: 13863: 13862:White pudding 13858: 13851: 13846: 13837: 13829: 13825: 13819: 13814: 13807: 13800: 13795: 13788: 13782: 13775: 13771: 13765: 13758: 13753: 13747: 13743: 13737: 13728: 13719: 13711: 13707: 13701: 13693: 13689: 13683: 13674: 13665: 13658: 13651: 13643: 13639: 13633: 13627: 13621: 13614: 13609: 13601: 13600: 13595: 13591: 13585: 13578: 13574: 13568: 13559: 13550: 13543: 13537: 13530: 13526: 13520: 13505: 13498: 13490: 13486: 13480: 13472: 13468: 13462: 13455: 13451: 13448: 13443: 13437: 13431: 13425: 13419: 13412: 13406: 13398: 13394: 13388: 13381: 13377: 13373: 13370: 13364: 13358: 13352: 13345: 13341: 13336: 13329: 13323: 13316: 13312: 13308: 13304: 13300: 13294: 13287: 13282: 13275: 13270: 13263: 13259: 13255: 13251: 13247: 13242: 13235: 13231: 13226: 13219: 13214: 13207: 13202: 13195: 13191: 13187: 13183: 13177: 13171: 13165: 13156: 13147: 13138: 13129: 13120: 13113: 13109: 13105: 13104:Barnsley Chop 13101: 13097: 13091: 13085: 13079: 13073:AHDB Potatoes 13072: 13067: 13059: 13055: 13049: 13042: 13036: 13029: 13024: 13018: 13013: 13004: 12997: 12993: 12986: 12980: 12974: 12958: 12954: 12948: 12942: 12936: 12930: 12926: 12924: 12918: 12912: 12905: 12901: 12895: 12889: 12883: 12876: 12870: 12854: 12850: 12845: 12838: 12822: 12818: 12812: 12805: 12801: 12798: 12794: 12790: 12784: 12777: 12772: 12757: 12753: 12747: 12745: 12735: 12726: 12719: 12714: 12707: 12702: 12695: 12694:The Economist 12691: 12686: 12677: 12675: 12667: 12662: 12653: 12647: 12642: 12635: 12629: 12622: 12621: 12617: 12612: 12597: 12593: 12579:. 3 June 2018 12578: 12574: 12568: 12566: 12557: 12553: 12548: 12541: 12539: 12523: 12522:www.ppluk.com 12519: 12513: 12498: 12494: 12488: 12473: 12469: 12463: 12454: 12452: 12442: 12434: 12428: 12424: 12417: 12402: 12398: 12391: 12384: 12379: 12375: 12370: 12364: 12360: 12353: 12346: 12345:Ichikawa 2012 12341: 12334: 12329: 12323:, p. 28. 12322: 12317: 12310: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12292: 12288: 12283: 12276: 12271: 12264: 12260: 12257: 12252: 12244: 12240: 12234: 12227: 12226: 12221: 12216: 12209: 12205: 12202: 12197: 12181: 12177: 12171: 12155: 12151: 12145: 12137: 12131: 12127: 12123: 12122: 12114: 12106: 12102: 12096: 12088: 12082: 12076: 12072: 12067: 12052: 12048: 12042: 12034: 12030: 12024: 12009: 12005: 11999: 11984: 11983:www.rcm.ac.uk 11980: 11974: 11966: 11962: 11958: 11954: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11927: 11921:, p. 252 11920: 11915: 11900: 11896: 11890: 11882: 11878: 11874: 11867: 11860: 11855: 11848: 11843: 11835: 11834:The Economist 11831: 11825: 11809: 11805: 11800: 11793: 11786: 11781: 11774: 11769: 11762: 11757: 11750: 11745: 11739:, p. 74. 11738: 11733: 11726: 11725:Norbrook 2000 11721: 11715:, p. 48. 11714: 11709: 11707: 11690: 11686: 11685: 11678: 11662: 11656: 11649: 11644: 11638:, p. 17. 11637: 11632: 11626:, p. 35. 11625: 11620: 11618: 11602: 11598: 11592: 11576: 11575:Lonely Planet 11572: 11566: 11558: 11554: 11548: 11540: 11536: 11530: 11522: 11518: 11514: 11512:9789284421152 11508: 11504: 11500: 11496: 11495: 11488: 11472: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11446: 11442: 11436: 11417: 11410: 11404: 11395: 11387: 11383: 11377: 11369: 11365: 11364:"Artinfo.com" 11359: 11351: 11347: 11341: 11333: 11329: 11323: 11307: 11303: 11297: 11289: 11285: 11279: 11270: 11264: 11259: 11244: 11240: 11234: 11219: 11215: 11209: 11194: 11190: 11184: 11169: 11162: 11147: 11143: 11137: 11131:Piper, p. 460 11128: 11113: 11112: 11107: 11101: 11093: 11087: 11080: 11073: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11043: 11028: 11024: 11018: 11003: 11002: 10997: 10991: 10976: 10972: 10966: 10964: 10948: 10947: 10942: 10936: 10920: 10916: 10915: 10909: 10902: 10887: 10881: 10874: 10869: 10867: 10865: 10863: 10854: 10848: 10844: 10837: 10822: 10818: 10812: 10797: 10793: 10787: 10785: 10777: 10771: 10755: 10751: 10745: 10730: 10729:www.bbc.co.uk 10726: 10720: 10705: 10701: 10695: 10680: 10676: 10669: 10662: 10659: 10654: 10639: 10635: 10634: 10629: 10623: 10614: 10607: 10602: 10595: 10590: 10575: 10571: 10570: 10565: 10559: 10543: 10539: 10533: 10531: 10515: 10511: 10505: 10490: 10486: 10480: 10478: 10462: 10458: 10444:. 3 June 2018 10443: 10439: 10433: 10418: 10414: 10407: 10405: 10400: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10367: 10361: 10356: 10353: 10342: 10335: 10333: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10313: 10309: 10304: 10302: 10298: 10294: 10290: 10286: 10282: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10269:Tudor dynasty 10266: 10262: 10258: 10254: 10251:is England's 10250: 10245: 10243: 10239: 10235: 10231: 10227: 10223: 10219: 10215: 10214:Oak Apple Day 10211: 10207: 10206:national tree 10203: 10198: 10196: 10192: 10188: 10184: 10180: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10164: 10160: 10156: 10151: 10149: 10145: 10141: 10137: 10132: 10130: 10126: 10116: 10110: 10102: 10096: 10086: 10076: 10074: 10073: 10068: 10067: 10062: 10061: 10056: 10055: 10054:BBC Good Food 10051: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10022: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10011: 10006: 10005: 10000: 9999: 9994: 9993: 9992:The Spectator 9988: 9987: 9986:New Scientist 9982: 9981: 9975: 9973: 9972: 9971:The Economist 9967: 9966: 9961: 9960: 9956: 9951: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9880: 9877:, as well as 9876: 9872: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9855: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9795: 9785: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9750: 9748: 9744: 9743: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9729: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9708: 9704: 9700: 9698: 9694: 9690: 9686: 9682: 9678: 9677:Ancient Greek 9674: 9670: 9666: 9662: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9635: 9633: 9629: 9623: 9621: 9617: 9613: 9612:Harrow School 9609: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9596:Victorian era 9592: 9590: 9586: 9581: 9577: 9576:public school 9573: 9569: 9562: 9557: 9553: 9551: 9547: 9543: 9539: 9536:in 1231, the 9535: 9531: 9530:royal charter 9527: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9506:Latin grammar 9503: 9497: 9487: 9485: 9481: 9480:Paul Goodison 9477: 9473: 9469: 9465: 9461: 9457: 9453: 9452:America's Cup 9449: 9445: 9440: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9426: 9422: 9418: 9414: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9398: 9394: 9390: 9386: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9367:Mike Hailwood 9364: 9360: 9356: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9323:Jenson Button 9320: 9316: 9312: 9311:Nigel Mansell 9308: 9304: 9300: 9299:Stirling Moss 9296: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9269: 9265: 9264:National Hunt 9261: 9257: 9253: 9249: 9245: 9241: 9237: 9233: 9229: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9188: 9186: 9182: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9145:European Tour 9142: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9111: 9107: 9102: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9077: 9072: 9068: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9057:Olympic Games 9054: 9050: 9046: 9045:Sport England 9042: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9007:Olympic Games 9004: 9000: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8986: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8954: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8857: 8855: 8851: 8847: 8843: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8746: 8742: 8738: 8733: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8711: 8707: 8703: 8699: 8695: 8690: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8594: 8581: 8578: 8575: 8572: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8559: 8556: 8553: 8550: 8547: 8546:Thomas Hobbes 8544: 8541: 8540:Francis Bacon 8538: 8535: 8532: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8518:Francis Bacon 8515: 8511: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8476:free thinking 8473: 8469: 8463: 8453: 8451: 8447: 8446: 8441: 8439: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8422: 8418: 8414: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8367: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8321: 8320:Gurney's Bank 8317: 8313: 8309: 8308:Sampson Lloyd 8305: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8241: 8239: 8233: 8231: 8227: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8171: 8166: 8163: 8159: 8158:royal charter 8155: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8142:Royal Society 8138: 8136: 8132: 8129:, the modern 8128: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8075:atomic theory 8072: 8068: 8067:steam engines 8064: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7999:Royal Society 7996: 7992: 7988: 7986: 7982: 7981:Edward Jenner 7978: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7961: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7950:Royal Society 7947: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7919: 7914: 7912: 7911:Royal Society 7908: 7904: 7903:metric system 7900: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7883:Joseph Lister 7880: 7879:Francis Crick 7876: 7875:Edward Jenner 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7859:Arthur Cayley 7856: 7852: 7848: 7847:Roger Penrose 7844: 7840: 7836: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7811:J. J. Thomson 7808: 7807:Lord Rayleigh 7804: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7763: 7762:Royal Society 7759: 7755: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7706: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7687:seasonal food 7683: 7682: 7677: 7673: 7668: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7623: 7618: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7600: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7522: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7459: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7414: 7409: 7405: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7381: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7350:Indo-European 7344: 7339: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7311: 7301: 7298: 7295:. The jurist 7294: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7272:Habeas corpus 7268: 7263: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7244: 7239: 7235: 7234:jurisprudence 7231: 7228:. Due to the 7227: 7223: 7217: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7175: 7174: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6935: 6934: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6879: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6858: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6760:West Germanic 6757: 6748: 6743: 6739: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6714:three witches 6711: 6710: 6706:'s 1606 play 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6650:commemoration 6647: 6646:toffee apples 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6626: 6622: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6590: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6572:Robert Newton 6569: 6568:pirate accent 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6538:Merry England 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6513:Cooper's Hill 6510: 6506: 6502: 6501:Mummers Plays 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6441: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6422: 6417: 6413: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6394: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6325:Offa of Angel 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6296: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6072: 6068: 6066: 6065:craft brewing 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6033: 6031: 6027: 6026:Earl Grey tea 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5998:cakes and ale 5995: 5991: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5756:Red Leicester 5753: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5688:Banbury cakes 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5662:are eaten on 5661: 5660:toffee apples 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5591: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5561: 5559: 5558:smoked salmon 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5538:clotted cream 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5518:Afternoon Tea 5515: 5508:Afternoon tea 5505: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5478:smoked salmon 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5450:white pudding 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5426:black pudding 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5324:bakewell tart 5321: 5317: 5316:jam roly-poly 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5284:Eve's pudding 5281: 5277: 5273: 5272:bread pudding 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5239:, along with 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5154:pease pudding 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5122:sausage rolls 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5086:Welsh rarebit 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5039:smoked salmon 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4941: 4940:Cornish pasty 4935: 4925: 4919: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4831: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4808:parsley sauce 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4720:spring greens 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4667:dealers sell 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4603:and carrots, 4602: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4540: 4536: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4442:'s patriotic 4441: 4437: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4394:delicatessens 4391: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4329:Forme of Cury 4325: 4321: 4320: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4258: 4252: 4241: 4235: 4225: 4215: 4213: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4167:Gracie Fields 4164: 4163:George Formby 4160: 4156: 4151: 4150:Victorian era 4147: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4055:modern circus 4052: 4051:Philip Astley 4048: 4044: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4017: 4012: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3946:Covent Garden 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3907: 3904:, as well as 3903: 3898: 3889: 3887: 3886:Arnold Wesker 3883: 3879: 3878:Harold Pinter 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3803:Colley Cibber 3800: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3782: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3770: 3769:Love for Love 3764: 3763:John Vanbrugh 3760: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3702: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3667:aristocratic 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3608:morality play 3605: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3578:Thomas Dekker 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3548: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3471: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3443:Julius Caesar 3439: 3438: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3316: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3266:Steve McQueen 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3164: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3103:Michael Caine 3100: 3099:Julie Andrews 3096: 3095:Peter Sellers 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2962:drum and bass 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2886:Black Sabbath 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2772: 2771:royal charter 2768: 2767:conservatoire 2764: 2759: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2734:in 1830 from 2733: 2732:royal charter 2729: 2728:conservatoire 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2684: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2669:Henry Purcell 2666: 2662: 2661:John Taverner 2658: 2657:Thomas Tallis 2654: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2622: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2609:Humpty Dumpty 2605: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2590: 2589:Jack and Jill 2585: 2584: 2583:Roses Are Red 2579: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2556: 2551: 2550: 2544: 2543:collections. 2542: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2526:John Playford 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446:J. K. Rowling 2443: 2442:Douglas Adams 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2399:George Orwell 2396: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2384:Lake District 2381: 2377: 2373: 2372:A. E. Housman 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2354:(whose poem " 2353: 2352:Rupert Brooke 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340:history plays 2337: 2332: 2330: 2329:J. K. Rowling 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2313:Aldous Huxley 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2293:George Orwell 2290: 2289:Lewis Carroll 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2261:Victorian era 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2241:G. D. H. Cole 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2202:William Blake 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2142:Enlightenment 2138: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2130:Paradise Lost 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2111:wrote on the 2110: 2109:Robert Filmer 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2089:Thomas Hobbes 2086: 2085:Francis Bacon 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2065:Philip Sydney 2062: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1980:, along with 1979: 1978: 1973: 1970:emerged with 1969: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1954:hagiographies 1951: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1887: 1886: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1862: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1848: 1847:Lonely Planet 1843: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1819:William Ewart 1816: 1813:, the oldest 1812: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1788:Elias Ashmole 1785: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1666:, scheduling 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1531:Royal Academy 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1466: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1452: 1451:(1797–1830). 1450: 1446: 1443:(1782–1842), 1442: 1439:(1768–1821), 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1417:James Gillray 1414: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1319:Fuller brooch 1316: 1312: 1311:Franks Casket 1309:(notably the 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1198:Birnbeck Pier 1195: 1191: 1190:Clevedon Pier 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170:Victorian era 1167: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1020:Victorian era 1017: 1013: 1009: 1008:Beau Brummell 1005: 1001: 1000:Regency style 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 937:Tudor dynasty 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 901: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 832:Bodiam Castle 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 802: 798: 794: 793:King Henry II 790: 789:Thomas Becket 785: 783: 779: 775: 771: 770:St. Ethelreda 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 746: 742: 738: 734: 726: 722: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 660:Roman temples 657: 653: 649: 648:amphitheaters 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 610:Many ancient 607: 595: 591: 587: 585: 580: 578: 574: 570: 565: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 527: 522: 520: 515: 513: 508: 507: 505: 504: 499: 489: 488: 487: 486: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 460: 456: 450: 449: 442: 439: 438: 434: 428: 427: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 371: 367: 361: 360: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 329: 325: 319: 318: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 295:Garland dance 293: 291: 288: 286: 285:Country dance 283: 281: 278: 277: 273: 269: 263: 262: 259: 256: 255: 252: 249: 248: 245: 242: 241: 234: 231: 229: 228:Plough Sunday 226: 224: 223:Plough Monday 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 190: 186: 180: 179: 176: 173: 172: 169: 165: 162: 161: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 135: 131: 125: 124: 121: 118: 117: 114: 111: 110: 107: 104: 103: 99: 95: 94: 90: 89: 84: 79: 70: 60: 51: 40: 36: 33:Whitehall by 31: 27: 19: 20310: 20236:Transnistria 20198:Vatican City 20175: 19828:Saint George 19791:Coat of arms 19730:Rugby league 19683:Sunday Roast 19604:Demographics 19557: 19534:Independence 19351:Contemporary 19309:Georgian era 19294:Jacobean era 19269:Tudor period 19261:Early Modern 19053: 19027: 19007:. Edmonton: 19004: 18973: 18950: 18934: 18908: 18896:. Retrieved 18894:. E.W. Allen 18890: 18868: 18847: 18825: 18802: 18785:. Scribner. 18781: 18777:Rowse, A. L. 18758: 18738: 18714: 18690: 18669: 18650: 18629: 18607: 18596:– via 18571: 18552: 18533: 18523:– via 18498: 18495:Gurr, Andrew 18476: 18457: 18438: 18435:Cole, George 18410: 18405:Bryson, Bill 18386: 18360:. Retrieved 18356:the original 18346: 18334:. Retrieved 18329: 18319: 18307:. Retrieved 18303:the original 18293: 18281:. Retrieved 18277:the original 18270: 18261: 18251:22 September 18249:. Retrieved 18245: 18212: 18204: 18192:. Retrieved 18189:The Guardian 18188: 18178: 18171: 18166: 18154:. Retrieved 18150:The Guardian 18149: 18140: 18131: 18122: 18110:. Retrieved 18106: 18097: 18085:. Retrieved 18081: 18072: 18060:. Retrieved 18056: 18047: 18035:. Retrieved 18031: 18022: 18010:. Retrieved 18006: 17997: 17985:. Retrieved 17982:yougov.co.uk 17981: 17972: 17960: 17948:. Retrieved 17943: 17934: 17922:. 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Barrie 6564:West Country 6560:West Country 6545: 6543: 6536: 6493:Rapper sword 6438: 6436: 6428: 6391: 6374:, while the 6353: 6298: 6279:barley water 6275:English wine 6245: 6233:off licences 6203: 6187:West Country 6080: 6049:coffee shops 6037:tea drinking 6034: 6020:from China. 6012:from India, 5988: 5975:Cornish Yarg 5936: 5840:cream cheese 5837: 5795: 5771:Chelsea buns 5767:currant buns 5764: 5762:and hotels. 5684:Eccles cakes 5652:wedding cake 5620:Madeira cake 5612:sponge cakes 5601: 5511: 5482:poached eggs 5407: 5363:banoffee pie 5355:custard tart 5332:rice pudding 5320:spotted dick 5312:golden syrup 5304:treacle tart 5253: 5215:and chilled 5162: 5072:served with 5067: 4968: 4893:filled with 4832: 4752:Sunday roast 4728:runner beans 4696:Sunday roast 4693: 4641:Lincolnshire 4621:pan haggerty 4532: 4524:Jersey Royal 4496:pearl barley 4434: 4430:Nigel Slater 4422:Matthew Fort 4418:Derek Cooper 4386: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4288: 4273:Sunday roast 4199:Notting Hill 4192: 4144: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4091: 4079:William Kite 4075:Pablo Fanque 4040: 4020: 4013: 3966: 3911: 3882:Tom Stoppard 3874:John Osborne 3847: 3796: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3756: 3741: 3727: 3705: 3697: 3638: 3611: 3601: 3591: 3581: 3564: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3519: 3513: 3499: 3493: 3490:George Peele 3483: 3473: 3467: 3460:history play 3456: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3422: 3398:Mummers Play 3374:revenge play 3367: 3361: 3355: 3341: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3274:Daniel Craig 3222:Ridley Scott 3211: 3205: 3167: 3163:Harry Potter 3161: 3143: 3132: 3122: 3115:Kate Winslet 3111:Helen Mirren 3091:John Gielgud 3087:Vivien Leigh 3068: 3018:Depeche Mode 2898:Dire Straits 2866:Eric Clapton 2846:Led Zeppelin 2823: 2776: 2752:Annie Lennox 2709: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2665:William Byrd 2650: 2638: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2549:Greensleeves 2547: 2545: 2538: 2529: 2506:sea shanties 2499: 2494:Edward Elgar 2466: 2425:The Big Read 2423: 2418:In 2003 the 2417: 2412: 2402: 2388: 2364:Thomas Hardy 2333: 2281:Thomas Hardy 2273:George Eliot 2233:Arthur Penty 2210: 2190:Mary Shelley 2166:conservatism 2162:Edmund Burke 2150:Thomas Paine 2139: 2128: 2099:, including 2055: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2016: 2009: 2008:, who wrote 1975: 1974:, author of 1966: 1947: 1937: 1931: 1926:, the pious 1924:The Wanderer 1920:The Seafarer 1909: 1891: 1883: 1856: 1845: 1842:VisitEngland 1838:VisitEngland 1831: 1808: 1780:Turner Prize 1767: 1739: 1677: 1654: 1640: 1626:A number of 1625: 1583:Tate Britain 1528: 1496: 1488: 1470: 1458: 1433:art movement 1406: 1390: 1343: 1275:Anglo-Saxons 1272: 1245: 1178:New Brighton 1158:seaside pier 1155: 1119: 1115:public parks 1111:Emperor Paul 1092: 1064:stately home 1032: 965: 902: 898:York Minster 864: 856:great houses 809: 786: 730: 692: 609: 600:Architecture 581: 566: 558:Anglo-Norman 537: 535: 468:Coat of arms 419:Table tennis 389:Field hockey 310:Mummers play 305:Morris dance 35:Francis Dodd 26: 20274:Isle of Man 20209:recognition 20156:Switzerland 20091:Netherlands 19747:Rugby union 19579:Anglophilia 19522:Middle Ages 19327:Regency era 19319:Late Modern 19229:Middle Ages 19188:Prehistoric 18898:2 September 18873:. Longman. 18634:. Messner. 18375:Works cited 18283:2 September 18057:www.bbc.com 17515:15 February 17342:15 December 17311:Silverstone 17098:5 September 16975:5 September 16927:9 September 16900:9 September 16846:9 September 16801:India Today 16408:, p. 5 16388:10 December 16353:15 February 16296:24 February 16246:5 September 16167:Levine 1960 16037:5 September 15398:18 December 15292:Briggs 2004 15252:, bbc.co.uk 15063:Boilermaker 14835:Brakspear's 14814:"Light Ale" 14761:Greene King 14737:Bitter and 14686:Cream Stout 14555:Camp Coffee 14376:Countrylife 14153:Pancake Day 14039:Simnel Cake 14023:Woolton pie 14006:Alfred Bird 13883:Rowse Honey 13768:Custard or 13299:animal fats 13258:Palethorpes 13234:Party Games 13112:Reform Club 13054:"Charlotte" 12406:28 February 12321:Bryson 2008 11814:14 November 11749:Watson 1985 11695:26 February 11667:26 February 11648:Rogers 2001 11636:Rogers 2001 11624:Warner 1902 11425:24 February 11312:19 February 10548:5 September 10016:Radio Times 9930:BBC Radio 1 9926:BBC Radio 4 9922:BBC Radio 3 9918:BBC Radio 2 9906:Heart Radio 9832:BBC Studios 9502:Middle Ages 9484:Ben Ainslie 9433:Steve Davis 9417:Phil Taylor 9415:in London. 9363:road racing 9331:Williams F1 9303:Graham Hill 9287:Silverstone 9220:Frank Bruno 9161:Justin Rose 8883:Rugby union 8791:. In 2016, 8732:in the UK. 8722:Geoff Hurst 8716:4–2 in the 8683:rugby union 8663:Formula One 8627:rugby union 8619:lawn tennis 8534:Thomas More 8498:, the 1776 8272:direct mail 8144:, formally 8127:locomotives 8119:road marker 8115:"cat's eye" 8107:rubber band 8037:along with 7913:, in 1668. 7863:G. H. Hardy 7843:Peter Higgs 7827:Alan Turing 7803:John Dalton 7712:began with 7657:Restoration 7562:Saint Alban 7560:. However, 7530:John Wesley 7475:Anglicanism 7471:Reformation 7456:Lindisfarne 7393:Glastonbury 7329:before the 7267:Magna Carta 7216:English law 6883:Percentage 6768:Old English 6738:Old English 6722:Anne Boleyn 6704:Shakespeare 6700:Elizabeth I 6688:King Arthur 6623:is part of 6614:Jolly Roger 6610:Calico Jack 6525:Royal Guard 6481:Dick Turpin 6467:Forest and 6445:Lady Godiva 6419:The wizard 6364:King Arthur 6354:During the 6251:tonic water 6205:Magna Carta 6199:Ginger beer 6151:barley wine 5979:Oxford Blue 5822:Bread rolls 5802:bread flour 5783:Good Friday 5740:lardy cakes 5668:gingerbread 5644:Simnel cake 5640:carrot cake 5636:Queen cakes 5632:fairy cakes 5628:coffee cake 5604:fruit cakes 5579:Good Friday 5498:Fruit juice 5472:with toast 5470:boiled eggs 5442:hash browns 5438:fried bread 5434:baked beans 5383:Fruit salad 5310:(made with 5292:baked apple 5237:brown sauce 5185:pea and ham 5118:Scotch eggs 5074:salad cream 5043:London Cure 4847:bread sauce 4796:apple sauce 4740:garden peas 4732:broad beans 4710:, carrots, 4704:cauliflower 4687:rabbit and 4617:onion gravy 4601:boiled beef 4570:cottage pie 4528:Maris Piper 4520:King Edward 4358:boiled eggs 4299:Renaissance 4295:Middle Ages 4159:Stan Laurel 4101:John Weaver 3938:opera house 3918:Glastonbury 3823:Restoration 3787:The Relapse 3772:(1695) and 3708:John Dryden 3673:Royal court 3649:Restoration 3618:tragicomedy 3570:city comedy 3515:Dr. Faustus 3469:Richard III 3464:Shakespeare 3414:The Theatre 3386:allegorical 3344:Elizabeth I 3286:Andy Serkis 3282:Emma Watson 3262:Guy Ritchie 3250:Mike Newell 3242:David Yates 3238:Adrian Lyne 3234:Hugh Hudson 3230:Alan Parker 3178:film scores 3107:Gary Oldman 3026:Def Leppard 2990:Rod Stewart 2970:Sex Pistols 2942:gothic rock 2930:heavy metal 2902:Iron Maiden 2890:Deep Purple 2882:The Hollies 2870:David Bowie 2834:John Lennon 2830:The Beatles 2811:Cecil Sharp 2695:Water Music 2683:The Messiah 2518:dance music 2434:Jane Austen 2378:), and the 2344:Jane Austen 2336:tetralogies 2309:Enid Blyton 2305:C. S. Lewis 2285:H. G. Wells 2198:Jane Austen 2174:Romanticism 2168:. The poet 2135:Restoration 2133:during the 2125:John Milton 2097:materialism 2002:Franciscans 2000:, who were 1998:Roger Bacon 1964:developed. 1885:The Tempest 1811:blue plaque 1803:Roman Baths 1747:Magna Carta 1700:Westminster 1587:Tate Modern 1471:During the 1445:James Stark 1421:cartoonists 1393:watercolour 1366:Renaissance 1362:English art 1350:portraiture 1279:Anglo-Saxon 1270:invasions. 1236:Anglo-Saxon 1218:English art 1043:sheet glass 1016:Renaissance 917:Elizabethan 848:Norman base 782:St. Swithun 778:St. Richard 758:St. Wilfrid 741:pilgrimages 684:Roman Baths 668:Roman forts 664:Roman roads 554:Anglo-Saxon 404:Lawn tennis 69:Shakespeare 20126:San Marino 20086:Montenegro 20066:Luxembourg 20046:Kazakhstan 19949:Azerbaijan 19840:Tudor rose 19544:Parliament 18976:. London: 18953:. London: 18943:029783262X 18717:. London: 17872:www.gov.uk 17820:25 January 17715:22 January 17658:14 October 17474:5 December 17365:18 January 17317:31 October 17216:4 December 17057:1 November 16712:15 January 16686:15 January 16609:17 January 16220:8 December 16155:White 1885 16122:Oakes 2002 15656:Britannica 15465:21 January 15218:Keary 1882 15165:DrinkStack 14879:Green King 14678:milk stout 14527:herbal tea 14027:Homity pie 13828:The Warden 13529:Watercress 13301:, such as 13114:in London. 13041:barleycorn 12225:Total Film 12160:2 November 12013:18 October 11895:"About us" 11713:Rowse 1971 11601:www.gov.uk 11553:"Overview" 11111:BBC Online 10489:www.gov.uk 10395:References 10379:Anglophile 10281:white rose 10265:Tudor rose 10242:Robin Hood 10222:Roundheads 10191:supporters 10159:Tudor rose 10146:, and the 10101:Tudor rose 10013:, and the 9910:Classic FM 9852:Sky Nature 9848:Sky Cinema 9448:match race 9379:Geoff Duke 9335:Team Lotus 9315:Damon Hill 9244:David Haye 9240:Carl Froch 9212:Nigel Benn 9157:Nick Faldo 9099:Henry VIII 9065:Union Flag 8985:St. Helens 8969:Lancashire 8957:World Cups 8927:Bath Rugby 8846:2005 Ashes 8724:scoring a 8568:Deontology 8552:John Locke 8484:empiricism 8468:liberalism 8456:Philosophy 8395:rail gauge 8356:James Watt 8131:seed drill 8123:light bulb 8059:hovercraft 8051:lawn mower 8019:jet engine 7977:James Watt 7934:steamships 7835:Paul Dirac 7752:See also: 7742:Henry Cole 7641:Canterbury 7546:Edward III 7515:Parliament 7463:Henry VIII 7426:, and the 7256:common law 6865:See also: 6736:See also: 6716:and their 6676:Witchcraft 6654:Guy Fawkes 6606:Blackbeard 6586:'s novel, 6533:Beefeaters 6469:Great Park 6461:equestrian 6337:Robin Hood 6171:Cobra Beer 6167:Burton ale 6143:Burton Ale 6135:golden ale 6074:A pint of 6010:Darjeeling 5856:milk float 5832:See also: 5744:Lemon curd 5720:rock cakes 5614:, such as 5608:Genoa cake 5606:, such as 5414:back bacon 5399:Ice creams 5375:blancmange 5353:, English 5340:cheesecake 5264:cherry pie 5213:watercress 5112:, Cornish 5110:spare ribs 5051:Whitstable 5041:, such as 5015:Dover sole 4995:mushy peas 4891:mince pies 4780:mint sauce 4744:Courgettes 4637:Cumberland 4592:, stuffed 4535:lamb shank 4500:casseroles 4482:, such as 4464:humble pie 4436:Roast beef 4378:freshwater 4334:Richard II 4319:Restaurant 4289:Since the 4277:roast beef 4212:Birmingham 4183:Fred Karno 4146:Music hall 4065:-walkers, 4023:Puritanism 4007:, and the 3954:orchestral 3922:V Festival 3701:Aphra Behn 3677:boy-player 3661:Charles II 3641:Charles II 3574:New Comedy 3530:Thomas Kyd 3528:, such as 3406:Henry VIII 3315:Robin Hood 3294:Framestore 3258:Sam Mendes 3226:Tony Scott 3169:James Bond 3154:Shepperton 3079:David Lean 3052:See also: 3042:Ed Sheeran 2994:The Smiths 2950:acid house 2946:shoegazing 2938:indie rock 2906:The Police 2878:Elton John 2850:Pink Floyd 2561:Maggie May 2479:See also: 2380:Lake Poets 2376:Shropshire 2362:(London), 2186:John Keats 2182:Lord Byron 2146:John Locke 2093:empiricism 2077:Ben Jonson 2073:John Donne 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August 10925:28 August 10679:ThoughtCo 10324:Jerusalem 10277:syncretic 10234:Major Oak 10210:Royal Oak 10134:In 1198, 10125:St George 10048:BBC Music 9965:The Times 9875:Channel 4 9867:Channel 4 9830:owned by 9820:Yesterday 9812:Channel 5 9808:Channel 4 9784:average. 9689:geography 9580:Edward VI 9534:Henry III 9490:Education 9375:Phil Read 9236:Amir Khan 9181:Ryder Cup 9076:Wimbledon 8981:Hull F.C. 8903:drop goal 8873:Yorkshire 8842:Australia 8838:The Ashes 8807:Australia 8773:Liverpool 8726:hat-trick 8700:, played 8651:billiards 8599:badminton 8268:tableware 8111:mousetrap 8071:evolution 8055:seat belt 7526:Methodism 6642:fireworks 6589:Peter Pan 6473:Wild Hunt 6402:King Cole 6368:Excalibur 6341:Merry Men 6159:brown ale 6139:amber ale 6131:Light ale 6002:black tea 5955:Camembert 5947:ice cream 5818:sourdough 5775:Bath buns 5736:doughnuts 5728:jam tarts 5724:flapjacks 5716:seed cake 5712:malt loaf 5526:cream tea 5462:marmalade 5430:mushrooms 5336:eton mess 5260:apple pie 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640:basilicas 433:Monuments 374:Badminton 352:Magazines 185:Festivals 164:Mythology 120:Languages 20317:Category 20284:Svalbard 20269:Guernsey 20216:Abkhazia 20186:Scotland 20141:Slovenia 20136:Slovakia 20111:Portugal 19969:Bulgaria 19868:Category 19813:Oak tree 19808:Heraldry 19713:Football 19666:Religion 19629:Identity 19614:Folklore 19539:Monarchy 19505:Politics 19476:Parishes 19456:Counties 19157:Military 19152:Maritime 19132:Timeline 18846:(1902). 18824:(2000). 18779:(1971). 18713:(2000). 18497:(2009). 18437:(1947). 18407:(2008). 18385:(2004). 18362:26 March 18336:8 August 18309:8 August 18194:29 April 18156:26 April 18087:28 April 18062:28 April 18037:28 April 18012:27 April 17987:27 April 17950:27 April 17944:BBC News 17924:27 April 17902:27 April 17893:"Ofsted" 17877:27 April 17843:Archived 17786:. London 17565:27 April 17540:27 April 17415:27 April 17267:12 April 17206:PGA Tour 17180:Archived 17116:Archived 16969:BBC News 16923:. London 16894:Cricinfo 16841:Cricinfo 16682:. 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