683:
894:
270:
40:
671:
96:
659:
71:
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1132:
757:
885:, where fires often occurred in early spring or late fall. Without fires, bur oak is often succeeded by other tree and shrub species that are more shade-tolerant. Older bur oaks may survive in dense woodlands for 80 years, until they are weakened by wood-rot fungi in the lower branches killed by shade, and by 100 to 110 years, they are often snapped by wind storms.
581:–6 in) long and 5–13 cm (2–5 in) broad, variable in shape, with a lobed margin. Most often, the basal two-thirds is narrower and deeply lobed, while the apical third is wider and has shallow lobes or large teeth. They usually do not show strong fall color, although fine golden hues are occasionally seen. The
556:
states that a well-established tree can grow up to 51 cm (20 in) per year. A 20-year-old tree will be about 18 m (60 ft) tall if grown in full sun. Naturally occurring saplings in forests will typically be older. Bur oaks commonly get to be 200 to 300 years old, and may live up to 400 years. The
555:
growing up to 30 metres (98 feet), rarely 50 m (160 ft), in height, and is one of the most massive oaks with a trunk diameter of up to 3 m (10 ft). It is one of the slowest-growing oaks, with a growth rate of 30 centimetres (12 in) per year when young. However, one source
1143:
is commercially valuable; it is durable, used for flooring, fence posts, cabinets, and barrels. The acorns can be eaten boiled and raw. Native
Americans have used the astringent bark to treat wounds, sores, rashes, and diarrhea.
1573:) biomass production on a former coal mine site: positive effects of coppicing on rapid recovery of growth and yield. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2019 49(9): 1060-1068 Mosseler, A.; Major, J.E.; and McPhee, D.
1310:
881:
Large bur oaks, older than 12 years, are fire-tolerant because of their thick bark. One of the bur oak's most common habitats, especially in
Midwestern United States, is the
2120:
918:, the large seed crop every few years overwhelms the ability of seed predators to eat the acorns, thus ensuring the survival of some seeds. Other wildlife, such as
1028:
1022:
1016:
1004:
992:
986:
1040:
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617: in) broad, having a large cup that wraps much of the way around the nut, with large overlapping scales and often a fringe at the edge of the cup.
1061:. It forms black pustules on the petioles and causes leaf discoloration and death, making the tree more susceptible to other secondary issues such as
1034:
948:
1943:
2095:
914:
sometimes tear off branches to get them. However, heavy nut crops are borne only every few years. In this evolutionary strategy, known as
1241:
1995:
1829:
1881:
1842:
1483:
2110:
1922:
1544:
1886:
1508:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
1093:
conditions, and is one of the fastest-growing of the group. It has been planted in many climates, ranging northwards to
2105:
2115:
682:
528:
517:
1948:
95:
1868:
1644:
2013:
1465:
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for use in gardens, in parks, and on urban sidewalks. Among the white oaks, it is one of the most tolerant of
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1821:
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2021:
1292:
998:
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2008:
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20:
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1345:
670:
1935:
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regions in the United States and into Canada. It commonly grows in the open, away from dense
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217:
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1961:
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8:
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1232:
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846:. At the end of the growing season, a one-year sapling may have a taproot 1.37 m (
812:
800:
282:
90:
1615:
1956:
1767:
1287:. Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
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2100:
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646:
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Bur oak is sometimes confused with other members of the white oak section, such as
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1431:
260:
2026:
1909:
1519:
694:
629:
269:
133:
2049:
1331:. Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research, Inc. and Eastern Kentucky University. 2010.
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The wood when sawn transversely shows the characteristic annual rings formed by
1982:
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1161:
1102:
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761:
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in otherwise more forested areas, where there is a break in the canopy. It is
508:. The acorns are the largest of any North American oak (thus the species name
39:
2089:
1894:
1523:
1203:
1086:
930:
are heavy browsers in some areas. The bur oak is the only known foodplant of
878:
state champion bur oak has a trunk diameter of almost 3 m (10 ft).
875:
772:
557:
513:
80:
75:
1311:"Tree Species Profiles: Top Rated Shade Trees, Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa)"
2039:
1106:
796:
641:
52:
906:
The acorns are the largest of any North
American oak and are an important
1930:
1855:
1732:
936:
882:
808:
1417:
County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
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792:
1860:
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1120:
957:
923:
549:
532:
521:
481:
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907:
835:
179:
146:
48:
1873:
1798:
756:
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are very large, 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) long and 2–4 cm (
1528:
Flora of the
Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis
1114:
1110:
915:
843:
831:
788:
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780:
169:
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canopy. For this reason, it is an important tree on the eastern
795:. The vast majority of the populations are found in the eastern
1098:
927:
827:
586:
582:
564:
159:
19:"Burr oak" redirects here. For places named after the oak, see
590:
107:
1157:
953:
943:
919:
552:
718:
477:
189:
1661:
Burr Oaks, Oxford
University Press (New York, NY), 1947.
860: ft) deep and a lateral root spread of 76 cm (
1281:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1464:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
1196:
2121:
Plants used in traditional Native
American medicine
480:tree native to eastern North America. It is in the
1152:Many places are named after the burr oak, such as
771:is widespread in the Atlantic coastal plain from
760:A bur oak savanna in Wisconsin hill country (the
2087:
1419:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
537:"fruit"), and are important food for wildlife.
1518:
1255:Note that this website has been superseded by
1486:(USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
1304:
1302:
1218:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T33991A2839807.en
1313:. Wylie, Texas: Arborilogical Services, Inc.
1284:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1123:has been shown to produce superior growth.
751:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1299:
1242:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
268:
69:
38:
1512:
1216:
1609:
1607:
1581:
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1130:
892:
755:
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1484:United States Department of Agriculture
1455:
1442:
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1338:
560:is gray with distinct vertical ridges.
2088:
1539:
1537:
1506:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
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1308:
1699:
1698:
1604:
1576:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1264:
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649:with several other species of oaks.
2096:IUCN Red List least concern species
1534:
1368:
1204:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1190:
946:on the leaves and twigs, including
13:
2014:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30014114-2
1670:
1432:"Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome"
1261:
926:, eat the leaves, twigs and bark.
14:
2132:
1690:
1677:Schader, Meg (13 November 2020).
1613:
1436:Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome
1356:. New England Wildflower Society
1176:(1947) is a volume of poetry by
942:Many species of arthropods form
693:
681:
669:
657:
94:
1637:
1563:
1309:Houser, Steve (19 April 2013).
1197:Kenny, L.; Wenzell, K. (2015).
1055:is caused by a fungal pathogen
842:, possibly because of its long
1530:. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
1423:
1317:
1225:
1077:
589:, produced in the spring. The
540:
1:
1183:
818:Bur oaks primarily grow in a
1679:"How to Plant Bur Oak Trees"
1480:United States Forest Service
1074:(two-lined chestnut borer).
708:
7:
2111:Taxa named by André Michaux
1430:Ward, James (2 June 2005).
1293:Harvard University Herbaria
1047:
999:Andricus quercuspetiolicola
10:
2137:
1388:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1384:Plants of the World Online
1247:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1147:
1117:. It is drought tolerant.
888:
723:Plants of the World Online
527:
516:
277:Generalized natural range
18:
2106:Trees of Northern America
1707:
1500:Gucker, Corey L. (2011).
1456:Johnson, Paul S. (1990).
1289:Missouri Botanical Garden
1135:Wood showing growth rings
1011:Disholcaspis quercusmamma
288:
281:
276:
267:
250:
243:
91:Scientific classification
89:
67:
58:
46:
37:
30:
2116:Plants described in 1801
1472:Silvics of North America
1273:Nixon, Kevin C. (1997).
752:Distribution and habitat
1126:
47:A 400-year old tree in
1591:www.museum.state.il.us
1551:. The Morton Arboretum
1291:, St. Louis, MO &
1136:
1101:, and as far south as
1029:Neuroterus umbilicatus
903:
765:
1168:, and the village of
1134:
933:Bucculatrix recognita
896:
759:
492:, and is also called
1587:"Quercus macrocarpa"
1502:"Quercus macrocarpa"
1325:"Quercus macrocarpa"
1211:: e.T33991A2839807.
1199:"Quercus macrocarpa"
1023:Neuroterus saltarius
1017:Neuroterus floccosus
1005:Callirhytis flavipes
993:Andricus flavohirtus
987:Andricus foliaformis
963:Acraspis macrocarpae
912:American black bears
824:oak–hickory forested
622:secondary thickening
585:are greenish-yellow
438:Quercus olivaeformis
1154:Burr Oak State Park
1041:Phylloteras poculum
975:Andricus chinquapin
834:, often found near
791:, and northeastern
639:(overcup oak), and
633:(swamp white oak),
430:Quercus oliviformis
377:(F. Michx.) A. Gray
298:Quercus macrocarpus
61:Conservation status
16:Species of oak tree
1975:Quercus macrocarpa
1739:Quercus macrocarpa
1709:Quercus macrocarpa
1645:"Richard Eberhart"
1625:. NRCS Plant Guide
1618:Quercus macrocarpa
1571:Quercus macrocarpa
1460:Quercus macrocarpa
1411:Quercus macrocarpa
1378:Quercus macrocarpa
1348:Quercus macrocarpa
1277:Quercus macrocarpa
1257:World Flora Online
1235:Quercus macrocarpa
1170:Burr Oak, Michigan
1141:Quercus macrocarpa
1137:
1083:Quercus macrocarpa
1071:Agrilus bilineatus
981:Andricus dimorphus
904:
899:Andricus dimorphus
813:Great Lakes region
769:Quercus macrocarpa
766:
739:Quercus macrocarpa
730:Quercus macrocarpa
664:Spreading branches
567:are 7–15 cm (
546:Quercus macrocarpa
498:mossycup white oak
476:, is a species of
465:Quercus macrocarpa
446:Quercus macrocarpa
418:Quercus macrocarpa
413:(F.Michx.) A.Camus
406:Quercus macrocarpa
394:Quercus macrocarpa
382:Quercus macrocarpa
370:Quercus macrocarpa
358:Quercus macrocarpa
346:Quercus macrocarpa
334:Quercus macrocarpa
322:Quercus macrocarpa
314:Cerris oliviformis
254:Quercus macrocarpa
236:Q. macrocarpa
32:Quercus macrocarpa
2083:
2082:
1957:Open Tree of Life
1701:Taxon identifiers
1649:Poetry Foundation
1549:www.mortonarb.org
1085:is cultivated by
840:drought resistant
820:temperate climate
779:, west as far as
461:
460:
454:
453:(Michx.) A. Camus
442:
434:
426:
414:
402:
401:(F.Michx.) A.Gray
390:
378:
366:
354:
342:
330:
318:
310:
306:Cerris macrocarpa
302:
84:
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1545:"Bur oak blight"
1541:
1532:
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1520:Wilhelm, Gerould
1516:
1510:
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1497:
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1487:
1476:Washington, D.C.
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1297:
1296:
1295:, Cambridge, MA.
1270:
1259:
1254:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1194:
1178:Richard Eberhart
1166:Burr Oak, Kansas
1160:, the cities of
1105:. It withstands
1058:Tubakia iowensis
969:Acraspis villosa
873:
872:
868:
865:
859:
858:
854:
851:
747:
717:are accepted in
697:
685:
676:Leaves and acorn
673:
661:
645:(white oak). It
616:
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389:(F.Michx.) Trel.
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1907:MichiganFlora:
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1693:
1681:. Home Guides.
1673:
1671:Further reading
1668:
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1474:. Vol. 2.
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1329:Eastern OLDLIST
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1300:
1271:
1262:
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1230:
1226:
1195:
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1087:plant nurseries
1080:
1050:
956:) and numerous
891:
874: ft). The
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822:on the western
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746:(Nutt.) Engelm.
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630:Quercus bicolor
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317:(F.Michx.) Raf.
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2073:wfo-0000291873
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1691:External links
1689:
1688:
1687:
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1669:
1666:
1665:
1651:. Bibliography
1636:
1603:
1575:
1562:
1533:
1524:Rericha, Laura
1511:
1489:
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1334:
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1251:The Plant List
1224:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1162:Burr Oak, Iowa
1149:
1146:
1128:
1125:
1109:conditions in
1103:Mission, Texas
1079:
1076:
1053:Bur oak blight
1049:
1046:
1035:Philonix nigra
890:
887:
777:North Carolina
762:Driftless Area
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1648:
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1617:
1614:Nesom, Guy.
1594:. Retrieved
1590:
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1548:
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1353:
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1240:
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1138:
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642:Quercus alba
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619:
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526:"large" and
522:
509:
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497:
494:mossycup oak
493:
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450:eumacrocarpa
449:
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437:
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421:
417:
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374:olivaeformis
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53:The Big Tree
31:
25:
1931:NatureServe
1856:iNaturalist
1733:Wikispecies
1078:Cultivation
883:oak savanna
809:Ohio Valley
801:Mississippi
764:) in winter
548:is a large
541:Description
410:oliviformis
398:oliviformis
386:oliviformis
134:Angiosperms
2090:Categories
2057:WisFlora:
1988:kew-173817
1983:Plant List
1757:Calflora:
1655:2 February
1184:References
1064:Armillaria
811:, and the
793:New Mexico
783:, eastern
734:macrocarpa
647:hybridises
510:macrocarpa
422:orbiculata
326:abbreviata
198:Subgenus:
1822:233501058
1569:Bur oak (
1467:Hardwoods
1354:Go Botany
1174:Burr Oaks
1121:Coppicing
1095:Anchorage
924:porcupine
836:waterways
715:varieties
709:Varieties
550:deciduous
506:scrub oak
484:section,
482:white oak
230:Species:
214:Section:
104:Kingdom:
51:known as
2047:VASCAN:
2040:13100002
2035:Tropicos
1936:2.158441
1874:296423-1
1724:Q1082365
1718:Wikidata
1526:(2017).
1482:(USFS),
1066:root rot
1048:Diseases
908:wildlife
832:prairies
805:Missouri
743:depressa
502:blue oak
474:burr oak
441:F.Michx.
433:F.Michx.
350:appressa
283:Synonyms
219:Quercus
203:Quercus
180:Fagaceae
176:Family:
147:Eudicots
81:IUCN 3.1
49:Missouri
21:Burr Oak
2101:Quercus
1918:MoBotPF
1835:2878213
1786:1151459
1629:6 March
1596:6 March
1555:6 March
1393:6 March
1360:6 March
1148:Culture
1115:Alberta
1111:Calgary
1107:chinook
916:masting
889:Ecology
869:⁄
855:⁄
844:taproot
807:–
803:–
789:Wyoming
785:Montana
781:Alberta
612:⁄
598:⁄
587:catkins
583:flowers
576:⁄
512:, from
490:Quercus
486:Quercus
470:bur oak
448:subsp.
408:subsp.
341:Coleman
223:Quercus
207:Quercus
191:Quercus
186:Genus:
170:Fagales
166:Order:
108:Plantae
79: (
1996:PLANTS
1949:519047
1923:280704
1809:quemac
1806:FEIS:
1683:SFGate
1380:Michx"
1099:Alaska
1038:, and
928:Cattle
910:food;
828:forest
799:, the
688:Acorns
591:acorns
565:leaves
534:karpós
529:καρπός
523:makrós
518:μακρός
488:sect.
468:, the
301:Michx.
261:Michx.
160:Rosids
2027:41869
2001:QUMA2
1962:37377
1900:33991
1887:19287
1861:54781
1848:30716
1799:QUEMC
1773:4R5FS
1747:APA:
1623:(PDF)
1091:urban
944:galls
741:var.
732:var.
504:, or
425:Trel.
396:var.
365:A.DC.
362:minor
360:var.
353:Trel.
338:alata
336:var.
329:A.DC.
324:var.
221:sect.
205:subg.
154:Clade
141:Clade
128:Clade
115:Clade
2060:4734
2050:5965
2009:POWO
1970:PfaF
1944:NCBI
1910:1378
1895:IUCN
1882:ITIS
1869:IPNI
1843:GRIN
1830:GBIF
1794:EPPO
1760:9402
1750:2166
1657:2017
1631:2021
1598:2021
1557:2021
1395:2021
1362:2021
1209:2015
1164:and
1158:Ohio
1127:Uses
954:mite
922:and
920:deer
902:gall
713:Two
700:Bark
563:The
558:bark
553:tree
292:List
2068:WFO
2022:RHS
1817:FNA
1781:EoL
1768:CoL
1213:doi
1156:in
1068:or
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