Punk rock - Knowledge

5700: 4385: 4203:. When Grundy asked Siouxsie how she was doing, she made fun of him saying, "I've always wanted to meet you, Bill". Grundy who was drunk, told her on the air; "we shall meet afterwards then". This instantly generated a reaction from Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones who pronounced a series of terms inappropriate for prime-time television. Jones proceeded to call Grundy a "dirty bastard", a "dirty fucker", and a "fucking rotter", triggering a media controversy. The episode had a major impact on the history of the scene and the punk term became a household name in 24 hours thanks to the press coverage, and several front covers of newspapers. 6236:

vocals, discordant instrumental sounds, seemingly primitive production values, and lyrics filled with political and social content, often addressing issues such as class inequalities and military violence. Anarcho-punk disdained the older punk scene from which theirs had evolved. In historian Tim Gosling's description, they saw "safety pins and Mohicans as little more than ineffectual fashion posturing stimulated by the mainstream media and industry. Whereas the Sex Pistols would proudly display bad manners and opportunism in their dealings with 'the establishment,' the anarcho-punks kept clear of 'the establishment' altogether".

4678: 3939: 2737:, which put out basic, low-cost records. Pub rock bands organized their own small venue tours and put out small pressings of their records. In the early days of punk rock, this DIY ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion. According to Holmstrom, punk rock was "rock and roll by people who didn't have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music". In December 1976, the English 3604: 3207: 4762:, released in December 1979, exemplified the breadth of classic punk's legacy. Combining punk rock with reggae, ska, R&B, and rockabilly, it went on to be acclaimed as one of the best rock records ever. At the same time, as observed by Flipper singer Bruce Loose, the relatively restrictive hardcore scenes diminished the variety of music that could once be heard at many punk gigs. If early punk, like most rock scenes, was ultimately male-oriented, the hardcore and Oi! scenes were significantly more so, marked in part by the slam dancing and 5656:. The riot grrrl movement foregrounded feminist concerns and progressive politics in general; the DIY ethic and fanzines were also central elements of the scene. This movement relied on media and technology to spread their ideas and messages, creating a cultural-technological space for feminism to voice their concerns. They embodied the punk perspective, taking the anger and emotions and creating a separate culture from it. With riot grrrl, they were grounded in girl punk past but also rooted in modern feminism. Tammy Rae Carbund, from 3912: 5346: 6030: 3813: 4716:

eight-to-the-bar rhythms most characteristic of the Vibrators and Clash It became essential to sound one particular way to be recognized as a 'punk band' now." In February 1979, former Sex Pistols bassist Sid Vicious died of a heroin overdose in New York. If the Sex Pistols' breakup the previous year had marked the end of the original UK punk scene and its promise of cultural transformation, for many the death of Vicious signified that it had been doomed from the start.

534: 6193: 4696:. A rivalry developed between adherents of the new sound and the older punk rock crowd. Hardcore, appealing to a younger, more suburban audience, was perceived by some as anti-intellectual, overly violent, and musically limited. In Los Angeles, the opposing factions were often described as "Hollywood punks" and "beach punks", referring to Hollywood's central position in the original L.A. punk rock scene and to hardcore's popularity in the shoreline communities of 16114: 15618: 3688: 2387: 15630: 5538: 2377: 4781: 5092: 4902: 6475: 5618: 6314: 2929: 5723: 5115:, "Hardcore comes from the bleak suburbs of America. Parents moved their kids out of the cities to these horrible suburbs to save them from the 'reality' of the cities and what they ended up with was this new breed of monster". In 1981, hardcore punk was exposed to mainstream television audiences following a live performance from Fear on 3304:, which debuted at the end of 1975, was crucial in codifying the term. "It was pretty obvious that the word was getting very popular", Holmstrom later remarked. "We figured we'd take the name before anyone else claimed it. We wanted to get rid of the bullshit, strip it down to rock 'n' roll. We wanted the fun and liveliness back." 4418:" — the title refers to a strong form of the drug — was written by Dee Dee Ramone and Hell, both users, as were the Heartbreakers' Thunders and Nolan. (During the Heartbreakers' 1976 and 1977 tours of Britain, Thunders played a central role in popularizing heroin among the punk crowd there, as well.) The Ramones' third album, 2793:" is applied to those who adopt its stylistic attributes but do not actually share or understand its underlying values and philosophy. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that "attaining authenticity in the punk identity can be difficult"; as the punk scene matured, he observes, eventually "everyone got called a poseur". 3984:. In July, the Ramones played two London shows that helped spark the nascent UK punk scene. Over the next several months, many new punk rock bands formed, often directly inspired by the Sex Pistols. In London, women were near the center of the scene—among the initial wave of bands were the female-fronted 3800:

applied to the scene in general, not necessarily a particular stylistic approach as it would later—the early New York punk bands represented a broad variety of influences. Among them, the Ramones, the Heartbreakers, Richard Hell and the Voidoids, and the Dead Boys were establishing a distinct musical

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That spring, Smith and Television shared a two-month-long weekend residency at CBGB that significantly raised the club's profile. The Television sets included Richard Hell's "Blank Generation", which became the scene's emblematic anthem. Soon after, Hell left Television and founded a band featuring a

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following. Racist skinheads sometimes disrupted Oi! concerts by shouting fascist slogans and starting fights, but some Oi! bands were reluctant to endorse criticism of their fans from what they perceived as the "middle-class establishment". In the popular imagination, the movement thus became linked

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The underground punk rock movement inspired countless bands that either evolved from a punk rock sound or brought its outsider spirit to very different kinds of music. The original punk explosion also had a long-term effect on the music industry, spurring the growth of the independent sector. During

4143:. However, Sex Pistols frontman Johnny Rotten (real name John Lydon) insisted that the influences of the UK punk scene were not from the US and NY. "I’ve heard an awful lot of American journalists pretending that the whole punk influence came out of New York." He argued: "T. Rex, David Bowie, Slade, 6235:

that was as concerned with anarchist and DIY principles as it was with music. Several Crass members were of an older generation of artist and cultural provocateur and thus linked their version of punk directly back to the 1960s counterculture and early 1970s avant-gardism. The acts featured ranting

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declared that the Sex Pistols were not so much into music as they were "chaos". The band often provoked its crowds into near-riots. Rotten announced to one audience, "Bet you don't hate us as much as we hate you!" McLaren envisioned the Sex Pistols as central players in a new youth movement, "hard

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queue, and in reality, most of them were not. But Oi was the reality of the punk mythology. In the places where came from, it was harder and more aggressive and it produced just as much quality music." Lester Bangs described Oi! as "politicized football chants for unemployed louts". One song in

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in London that were broadening their instrumental palette, incorporating dance-oriented rhythms, and working with more polished production were specifically designated "new wave" and no longer called "punk". Dave Laing suggests that some punk-identified British acts pursued the new wave label in

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A second wave of punk rock emerged in 1977. These bands often sounded very different from each other. While punk remained largely an underground phenomenon in the US, in the UK it had become a major sensation. During this period punk music also spread beyond the English speaking world, inspiring

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style. Even where they diverged most clearly, in lyrical approach — the Ramones' apparent guilelessness at one extreme, Hell's conscious craft at the other — there was an abrasive attitude in common. Their shared attributes of minimalism and speed, however, had not yet come to define punk rock.

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shouted at the start of every song as if the group could barely master the rudiments of rhythm." The band played its first show at CBGB in August 1974. By the end of the year, the Ramones had performed seventy-four shows, each about seventeen minutes long. "When I first saw the Ramones", critic

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In 1977, the influence of the music and subculture spread worldwide. It took root in a wide range of local scenes that often rejected affiliation with the mainstream. In the late 1970s, punk experienced a second wave, when new acts that had not been active during its formative years adopted the

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Late 1970s punk music was anti-conformity and anti-mainstream and achieved limited commercial success. By the 1990s, punk rock was sufficiently ingrained in Western culture that punk trappings were often used to market highly commercial bands as "rebels". Marketers capitalized on the style and

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s enormous sales paved the way for a host of bankable North American pop-punk bands in the following decade. With punk rock's renewed visibility came concerns among some in the punk community that the music was being co-opted by the mainstream. They argued that by signing to major labels and

2914:", is a common theme. The controversial content of punk lyrics has frequently led to certain punk records being banned by radio stations and refused shelf space in major chain stores. Christgau said that "Punk is so tied up with the disillusions of growing up that punks do often age poorly." 5272:

were taking the hardcore sound in experimental and ultimately more melodic directions. Hardcore would constitute the American punk rock standard throughout the decade. The lyrical content of hardcore songs is often critical of commercial culture and middle-class values, as in Dead Kennedys'

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movements were emerging. Musically in the same aggressive vein as American hardcore, they addressed different constituencies with overlapping but distinct anti-establishment messages. As described by Dave Laing, "The model for self-proclaimed punk after 1978 derived from the Ramones via the

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featuring the Business, the 4-Skins, and the Last Resort was firebombed by local Asian youths who believed that the event was a neo-Nazi gathering. Following the Southall riot, press coverage increasingly associated Oi! with the extreme right, and the movement soon began to lose momentum.

3760:. In August, Television recorded a single, "Little Johnny Jewel". In the words of John Walker, the record was "a turning point for the whole New York scene" if not quite for the punk rock sound itself — Hell's departure had left the band "significantly reduced in fringe aggression". 3004:

among both musicians and fans, a "style of adornment calculated to disturb and outrage". Among the other facets of the punk rock scene, a punk's hair is an important way of showing their freedom of expression. The typical male punk haircut was originally short and choppy; the

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declared that "Primal punk is passé. The best of the American punk rockers have moved on. They have learned how to play their instruments. They have discovered melody, guitar solos and lyrics that are more than shouted political slogans. Some of them have even discovered the

3391:", which according to John Reed, anticipated the kind of "cerebral mix of musical ferocity and rebellious posture" that would characterize much of the later British punk rock of the 1970s. The garage/beat phenomenon extended beyond North America and Britain. In America, the 5103:, and often politically aware lyrics, began to emerge in 1978 among bands scattered around the United States and Canada. The first major scene of what came to be known as hardcore punk developed in Southern California in 1978–79, initially around such punk bands as 6344:-style tunes and lyrical themes with punk's speed and chaotic edge. In the early 1980s, some of the leading bands in Southern California's hardcore punk rock scene emphasized a more melodic approach than was typical of their peers. According to music journalist 4206:

Two days later, the Sex Pistols, the Clash, the Damned, and the Heartbreakers set out on the Anarchy Tour, a series of gigs throughout the UK. Many of the shows were cancelled by venue owners in response to the media outrage following the Grundy interview.

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as the first to use safety pins, although few of those following punk could afford to buy McLaren and Westwood's designs so famously worn by the Pistols, so they made their own, diversifying the 'look' with various different styles based on these designs.

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and post-punk artists; some adopted more accessible musical styles and gained broad popularity, while some turned in more experimental, less commercial directions. On the other side, hardcore punk, Oi!, and anarcho-punk bands became closely linked with

3887:, was building a reputation with its outrageous "anti-fashion". Among those who frequented the shop were members of a band called the Strand, which McLaren had also been managing. In August, the group was seeking a new lead singer. Another Sex habitué, 2805:. Typical punk rock instrumentation is stripped down to one or two guitars, bass, drums and vocals. Songs tend to be shorter than those of other rock genres and played at fast tempos. Most early punk rock songs retained a traditional rock 'n' roll 2448:, punk bands rejected the corporate nature of mainstream 1970s rock music. They typically produced short, fast-paced songs with hard-edged melodies and singing styles with stripped-down instrumentation. Lyricism in punk typically revolves around 11803:

Hardman, Emilie (2007). "Before You Can Get Off Your Knees: Profane Existence and Anarcho-Punk as a Social Movement". Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, New York City, August 11, 2007 (available

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appearing on MTV, punk bands like Green Day were buying into a system that punk was created to challenge. Such controversies have been part of the punk culture since 1977 when the Clash were widely accused of "selling out" for signing with

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crossed over to a mainstream U.S. audience. Others, like Gang of Four, the Raincoats, and Throbbing Gristle, who had little more than cult followings at the time, are seen in retrospect as significant influences on modern popular culture.

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Bringing elements of punk rock music and fashion into more pop-oriented, less "dangerous" styles, new wave artists became very popular on both sides of the Atlantic. New wave became a catch-all term, encompassing disparate styles such as

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One thing I remember having had a really depressing effect on me was the first Ramones album. When I heard it , I mean it was a great record but I hated it because I knew we'd been doing this sort of stuff for years. There was even a

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predicted the style of later acts. In the early 1970s some rock critics used the term "punk rock" to refer to the mid-1960s garage genre, as well as for subsequent acts perceived to be in that stylistic tradition, such as the Stooges.

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and the Cure that straddled the lines of post-punk and new wave developed both new musical styles and a distinctive industrial niche. Though commercially successful over an extended period, they maintained an underground-style,

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are criticized by many punk rock fans; in critic Christine Di Bella's words, "It's punk taken to its most accessible point, a point where it barely reflects its lineage at all, except in the three-chord song structures."

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came to CBGB for the first time to see the band perform. A veteran of independent theater and performance poetry, Smith was developing an intellectual, feminist take on rock 'n' roll. On June 5, she recorded the single

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The effect of commercialization on the music became an increasingly contentious issue. As observed by scholar Ross Haenfler, many punk fans "despise corporate punk rock", typified by bands Sum 41 and Blink-182.

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In 1976—first in London, then in the United States—"New Wave" was introduced as a complementary label for the formative scenes and groups also known as "punk"; the two terms were essentially interchangeable.

3175:, Greg Shaw commented "Punk rock is a fascinating genre... Punk rock at its best is the closest we came in the '60s to the original rockabilly spirit of Rock 'n Roll." In February 1973, Terry Atkinson of the 3832: 4444:'s transformation into a major media phenomenon, even as some stores refused to stock the records and radio airplay was hard to come by. Press coverage of punk misbehavior grew intense: On January 4, 1977, 13040:

A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History.

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described his first solo album as "punk rock – redneck sentimentality". In 1969 Sanders recorded a song for an album called "Street Punk" but it was only released in 2008. In the December 1970 issue of

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Punk rock lyrics are typically blunt and confrontational; compared to the lyrics of other popular music genres, they often focus on social and political issues. Trend-setting songs such as the Clash's "

3518:—made up of three African-American brothers—recorded "scorching blasts of feral ur-punk", but could not arrange a release deal. In Ohio, a small but influential underground rock scene emerged, led by 13046: 1399: 1389: 5625:

The riot grrrl movement, a significant aspect in the formation of the Third Wave feminist movement, was organized by taking the values and rhetoric of punk and using it to convey feminist messages.

3831: 3569:. The combo regularly faced censorship challenges, their live act at least once including onstage masturbation. A new generation of Australian garage rock bands, inspired mainly by the Stooges and 3147: 2771:' slogan "No Future"; in the later words of one observer, amid the unemployment and social unrest in 1977, "punk's nihilistic swagger was the most thrilling thing in England." While "self-imposed 3155:, later a member of the Patti Smith Group, used the term "punk rock" to describe the genre of 1960s garage bands and "garage-punk", to describe a song recorded in 1966 by the Shadows of Knight. 2988:

Young women in punk demolished the typical female types in rock of either "coy sex kittens or wronged blues belters" in their fashion. Early female punk musicians displayed styles ranging from

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In contrast to North America, more of the bands from the original British punk movement remained active, sustaining extended careers even as their styles evolved and diverged. Meanwhile, the

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from 1972 to 1975 contributed to the emergence of punk rock by developing a network of small venues, such as pubs, where non-mainstream bands could play. Pub rock also introduced the idea of

7956:– Laing mentions original "punk" magazine. He indicates that much "punk" fanfare in the early 70s was in relation to mid-60s garage rock and artists perceived as following in that tradition. 2879:

is much less the rule. Hardcore drumming tends to be especially fast. Production tends to be minimalistic, with tracks sometimes laid down on home tape recorders or four-track portastudios.

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Rage is a punk band. We were a punk band and our ethics were punk. We didn't do anything that anyone wanted us to do. We only did what we wanted to do and that is the essence of punk rock.

3680:; released on her own Mer Records label, it heralded the scene's DIY ethic and has often been cited as the first punk rock record. By August, Smith and Television were gigging together at 2890:'s "Right to Work" deal with unemployment and the grim realities of urban life. Especially in early British punk, a central goal was to outrage and shock the mainstream. The Sex Pistols' " 4719:

By the turn of the decade, the punk rock movement had split deeply along cultural and musical lines. The "Great Schism" of punk occurred right as the 1980s were approaching, when melodic

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In the Kingsmen's version, the song's "El Loco Cha-Cha" riffs were pared down to a more simple and primitive rock arrangement providing a stylistic model for countless garage rock bands.

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particular, the Exploited's "Punks Not Dead", spoke to an international constituency. It was adopted as an anthem by the groups of disaffected Mexican urban youth known in the 1980s as

4611:" did not chart, but it became a requisite item for punk fans. The BBC banned "Oh Bondage Up Yours!" due to its controversial lyrics. In October, the Sex Pistols hit number eight with " 6046: 8917: 13074: 10355: 2898:" openly disparaged the British political system and social mores. Anti-sentimental depictions of relationships and sex are common, as in "Love Comes in Spurts", recorded by the 7555: 6105:

sought to realign punk rock with a working class, street-level following. They believed the music needed to stay "accessible and unpretentious", in the words of music historian

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Savage (1992), pp. 280–281, including reproduction of the original image. Several sources incorrectly ascribe the illustration to the leading fanzine of the London punk scene,

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guitarist Steve Kent, "trendy university people using long words, trying to be artistic ... and losing touch". According to Bushell, "Punk was meant to be of the voice of

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of London ran a front-page story on how the Sex Pistols "vomited and spat their way to an Amsterdam flight". In February 1977, the first album by a British punk band appeared:

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was arrested for having thrown a glass at the Damned that shattered and destroyed a girl's eye. Press coverage of the incident reinforced punk's reputation as a social menace.

3908:, the band members "embodied an attitude into which McLaren fed a new set of references: late-sixties radical politics, sexual fetish material, pop history, youth sociology". 8850: 8401: 6047: 3699:

in 1976. The Ramones are often described as the first true punk band, popularizing the punk movement in the United States. They are regarded as highly influential in today's

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described how the "giddily puerile" act had "become massively popular with the mainstream audience, a demographic formerly considered untouchable by punk-rock purists."

5447:. "It's saying, doing, and playing what you want." Nirvana's success opened the door to mainstream popularity for a wide range of other "left-of-the-dial" acts, such as 4968:

formed in 1979. These bands were often musically experimental; the term "post-punk" is used to describe sounds that were more dark and abrasive—sometimes verging on the

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also became associated with the punk rock scene. Alongside the musical roots shared with their American counterparts and the calculated confrontationalism of the early

3231:. "I told ya the New York Dolls were the real thing," he wrote, describing the album as "perhaps the best example of raw, thumb-your-nose-at-the-world, punk rock since 6810: 4095:, identified with the scene even as they pursued more experimental music. Others of a comparatively traditional rock 'n' roll bent were also swept up by the movement: 2775:" was common among "drunk punks" and "gutter punks", there was always a tension between their nihilistic outlook and the "radical leftist utopianism" of bands such as 10172: 7001: 3968:

in what became one of the most influential rock shows ever. Among the approximately forty audience members were the two locals who organised the gig—they had formed

2712: 3830: 2855:. Bass guitar lines are often uncomplicated; the quintessential approach is a relentless, repetitive "forced rhythm", although some punk rock bass players—such as 2763:

song "1977". 1976, when the punk revolution began in Britain, became a musical and a cultural "Year Zero". As nostalgia was discarded, many in the scene adopted a

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rejected the self-destructive lifestyles of their peers, and built a movement based on positivity and abstinence from cigarettes, alcohol, drugs, and casual sex.

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on that album that we used and I thought, "Fuck. We're going to be labeled as influenced by the Ramones", when nothing could have been further from the truth.

2575:) also flourished. Many musicians who identified with punk or were inspired by it went on to pursue other musical directions, giving rise to movements such as 2487:

from New York have also been cited as key influences. Between 1974 and 1976, when the genre that became known as punk was developing, prominent acts included

9391: 6169:, an album compiled by Bushell and released in May 1981, stirred controversy, especially when it was revealed that the belligerent figure on the cover was a 2531:, such as T-shirts with deliberately offensive graphics, leather jackets, studded or spiked bands and jewelry, safety pins, and bondage and S&M clothes. 8299: 8939: 9189: 8277: 3663:, created a look with cropped, ragged hair, ripped T-shirts, and black leather jackets credited as the basis for punk rock visual style. In April 1974, 6127:

in 1980. The name is partly derived from the Cockney Rejects' habit of shouting "Oi! Oi! Oi!" before each song, instead of the time-honored "1,2,3,4!"

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Southend Punk Rock History 1976 – 1986, a detailed site containing information on the Punk Rock explosion as experienced by Southend-on-Sea, Essex, UK

10203: 10139: 14221: 13698: 11731: 5392:." By the mid-to-late 1980s, these bands, who had largely eclipsed their punk rock and post-punk forebears in popularity, were classified broadly as 9785: 9015: 4875:, who had gone "beyond punk before punk even properly existed". New wave crossed into the mainstream with the debut of the cable television network 13117:

Black Punk Time: Blacks in Punk, New Wave and Hardcore 1976–1984 by James Porter and Jake Austen and many other contributors Roctober Magazine 2002

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subcultures, incorporating their rhythms and production styles. The punk rock phenomenon helped spark a full-fledged ska revival movement known as

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Bangs, Lester, "Of Pop and Pies and Fun" Archived December 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Creem, December 1970. Retrieved on November 29, 2007.

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Other new North American pop-punk bands, though often critically dismissed, also achieved major sales in the first decade of the 2000s. Ontario's

8750: 8317: 6552: 4541:, moved in a glam, theatrical direction. The band did not survive long, but it spun off several well-known post-punk acts. The songs of London's 4486:, who was seen as exemplifying the punk persona. The swearing during the Grundy interview and the controversy over "God Save the Queen" led to a 7999: 2936:

The classic punk rock look among male American musicians harkens back to the T-shirt, motorcycle jacket, and jeans ensemble favored by American

10949: 10919: 10504: 7487: 4621:. Inspiring yet another round of controversy, it topped the British charts. In December, one of the first books about punk rock was published: 9519: 8973: 6199:

were the originators of anarcho-punk. Spurning the "cult of rock star personality", their plain, all-black dress became a staple of the genre.

5053:, who brought abrupt rhythmic shifts derived from hardcore into a highly experimental musical context. In 1980, the Boys Next Door moved from 10974: 9341:

Savage (1992), pp. 296–98; Reynolds (2005), pp. 26–27. Though see also McKay 2023 for an alternative view of the extent of punk's 'DIY-ness'.

1414: 3185:, declared that it "achieves all that punk-rock bands strive for but most miss." A March 1973 review of an Iggy and the Stooges show in the 16160: 1317: 11299:

Burns, Rob, and Wilfried Van Der Will (1995). "The Federal Republic 1968 to 1990: From the Industrial Society to the Culture Society", in

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had also formed in the city. The following month, the Saints relocated again, to Great Britain. In June, Radio Birdman released the album

3899:, and soon attracted a small but dedicated following. In February 1976, the band received its first significant press coverage; guitarist 16165: 13027: 11008: 8051: 5551:

In the 1990s, the queercore movement developed around a number of punk bands with gay, lesbian, bisexual, or genderqueer members such as

4402:, was released at the end of August. October saw two more debut albums from the scene: Richard Hell and the Voidoids' first full-length, 4173:

On 1 December 1976, an incident took place that sealed punk rock's notorious reputation, when the Sex Pistols and several members of the

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scene that blossomed in the mid-1980s. Smoothing the edges of their style in the direction of new wave, several post-punk bands such as

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Blush (2001), p. 18; Reynolds (2006), p. 211; Spitz and Mullen (2001), pp. 217–32; Stark (2006), "Dissolution" (pp. 91–93); see also,

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chart and became a top forty airplay hit, arguably the first ever American punk song to do so; just one month later, the Offspring's "

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Alongside thirteen original songs that would define classic punk rock, the Clash's debut had included a cover of the recent Jamaican

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formed in August. In September 1976, the Saints became the first punk rock band outside the U.S. to release a recording, the single "

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published a now-famous illustration of three chords, captioned "This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. Now form a band".

8846: 6960: 15161: 6811:"A Short History of How Punk Became Punk: From Late 50s Rockabilly and Garage Rock to The Ramones & Sex Pistols | Open Culture" 5629: 4072:. Siouxsie and the Banshees and Subway Sect debuted on the festival's first night. On the festival's second night, audience member 3793:, had debuted at CBGB in November 1976, opening for the Dead Boys. They were soon playing regularly at Max's Kansas City and CBGB. 12185:'Was punk DIY? Is DIY punk? Interrogating the DIY/punk nexus, with particular reference to the early UK punk scene, c. 1976-1984.' 8116: 6924: 2816:

The vocals are sometimes nasal, and the lyrics often shouted in an "arrogant snarl", rather than conventionally sung. Complicated

13867: 10749: 9982: 9089: 6064:, the top independent UK album of 1981. The song exemplifies the Oi! sound as "harsher, darker, and cruder" than first-wave punk. 5591:, queercore embraces a variety of punk and other alternative music styles. Queercore lyrics often treat the themes of prejudice, 4478:" entered the top forty. In May, the Sex Pistols achieved new heights of controversy (and number two on the singles chart) with " 10610: 4517:, merged a vehement, straight-ahead punk rock style with a committed anarchist mission, and played a major role in the emerging 4099:, formed as a pub rock–style act in February 1976, soon adopted a punk look and sound. A few even longer-active bands including 447: 6788: 5820: 4158:". The Vibrators followed the next month with "We Vibrate". On 26 November 1976, the Sex Pistols' released their debut single " 1364: 13116: 7927: 5636:, heralded the emerging riot grrrl phenomenon. Billed as "Love Rock Revolution Girl Style Now", the concert's lineup included 2676:

were being called rock and roll, when to me and other fans, rock and roll meant this wild and rebellious music." According to

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Garrison, Ednie Kaeh (Spring 2000). "U.S. Feminism-Grrrl Style! Youth (Sub)Cultures and the Technologics of the Third Wave".

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Savage (1992), pp. 151–152. The quote has been incorrectly ascribed to McLaren (e.g., Laing , pp. 97, 127) and Rotten (e.g.,

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Savage (1992) claims that "Blank Generation" was written around this time (p. 90). However, the Richard Hell anthology album

8625: 8045: 6039: 6000: 5929:, reached the top ten and sold four million copies in under twelve months. On February 19, 2000, the album's second single, " 5208:. By 1981, hardcore was the dominant punk rock style not only in California but much of the rest of North America as well. A 4479: 3331:

The early to mid-1960s garage rock bands in the United States and elsewhere are often recognized as punk rock's progenitors.

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White, Emily (September 25, 1992). "Revolution Girl-Style Now!: Notes From the Teenage Feminist Rock 'n' Roll Underground".

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British punk rejected contemporary mainstream rock, the broader culture it represented, and their musical predecessors: "No

16185: 16180: 16175: 15520: 14977: 14295: 13739: 12909: 12229: 12042: 7799: 7296: 6832: 4884: 3249:

told Iggy Pop "You went on record as saying you never were a punk" and Iggy replied "...well I ain't. I never was a punk."

3009:

later emerged as a characteristic style. Along with the mohawk, long spikes have been associated with the punk rock genre.

2996:'s "straight-from-the-gutter androgyny". The former proved much more influential on female fan styles. Over time, tattoos, 2230: 1585: 9763: 3075:

credits this usage with inspiring his duo to bill its gigs as "punk music" or a "punk mass" for the next couple of years.

2650:

stuff was innovative and exciting. Unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of

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Among the earliest hardcore bands, regarded as having made the first recordings in the style, were Southern California's

4446: 2479:, and other bands from elsewhere created out-of-the-mainstream music that became highly influential on what was to come. 1900: 1840: 15173: 10874: 8551:

Strongman (2008), p. 57; Savage (1991), p. 91; Pareles and Romanowski (1983), p. 511; Bockris and Bayley (1999), p. 106.

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bridged the gap between punk rock genres like hardcore and the more melodic, explorative realm of what was then called "

4995:

Post-punk brought together a new fraternity of musicians, journalists, managers, and entrepreneurs; the latter, notably

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Reed describes the Clash's emergence as a "tight ball of energy with both an image and rhetoric reminiscent of a young

4232: 3775:", opening with the rallying cry "Hey! Ho! Let's go!" According to a later description, "Like all cultural watersheds, 1436: 9445: 16145: 13754: 13693: 13014: 12996: 12982: 12968: 12951: 12937: 12923: 12895: 12878: 12794: 12776: 12762: 12748: 12734: 12720: 12706: 12692: 12664: 12632: 12618: 12604: 12518: 12504: 12468: 12411: 12397: 12383: 12369: 12355: 12341: 12327: 12313: 12299: 12285: 12264: 12247: 12171: 12157: 12143: 12096: 12082: 12051: 12032: 12018: 11985: 11971: 11952: 11935: 11921: 11907: 11893: 11879: 11865: 11851: 11834: 11820: 11776: 11762: 11744: 11721: 11707: 11689: 11671: 11617: 11599: 11585: 11567: 11553: 11532: 11518: 11499: 11481: 11463: 11452:

My So-Called Punk: Green Day, Fall Out Boy, the Distillers, Bad Religion—How Neo-Punk Stage-Dived into the Mainstream

11445: 11431: 11416: 11398: 11384: 11366: 11348: 11326: 11312: 11290: 11270: 11260: 11242: 11183: 11165: 11147: 11122: 11095: 11080: 11061: 11047: 11002: 10438: 7937: 7643: 7585: 5506: 4879:

in 1981, which put many new wave videos into regular rotation. According to Stuart Borthwick and Ron Moy, authors of

4630: 3767:, described as "one of the most harshly uncompromising bands". That April, the Ramones' debut album was released by 3117: 7524: 4151:— their influence was enormous. And they try to write that all off and wrap it around Patti Smith. It’s so wrong!". 3403:

as a band who can lay claim to influencing the movement, "the seeds of punk remain blatant in the howling ultimatum

2875:

impractical. Drums typically sound heavy and dry, and often have a minimal set-up. Compared to other forms of rock,

2471:

in the early 1970s to describe the mid-1960s garage bands. Certain late 1960s and early 1970s Detroit acts, such as

16057: 15757: 15225: 15183: 13711: 13706: 9383: 8871:

Taylor (2003), p. 56; McNeil and McCain (2006), pp. 230–233; Robb (2006), pp. 198, 201. Quote: Robb (2006), p. 198.

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One track on the latter exemplified both the scene's close-knit character and the popularity of heroin within it: "

4195: 3167:

in London for a British magazine called Cream (no relation to the more famous US publication). In the January 1973

2595:, punk rock saw renewed major-label interest and mainstream appeal exemplified by the rise of the California bands 904: 473: 468: 432: 15156: 13094: 10890: 10046: 6364:

of Bad Religion, was the base for many future pop-punk bands. The mainstream pop-punk of latter-day bands such as

5443:. The band's members cited punk rock as a key influence on their style. "Punk is musical freedom", wrote frontman 3347:, the garage phenomenon gathered momentum around the US. By 1965, the harder-edged sound of British acts, such as 2658:

that went nowhere. By 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock 'n' roll."

16220: 15438: 14196: 9768: 7900: 6537: 6130:

The Oi! movement was fueled by a sense that many participants in the early punk rock scene were, in the words of

5900: 3896: 2409: 2175: 1890: 147: 5987:, which eventually went platinum in the United States. The record included the number one U.S. Alternative hit " 2972:

may have been the first rock musician to wear a safety-pin-covered jacket.) McLaren's partner, fashion designer

2689:

Hippies were rainbow extremists; punks are romantics of black-and-white. Hippies forced warmth; punks cultivate

2567:), became some of the predominant modes of punk rock, while bands more similar in form to the first wave (e.g., 15661: 13157: 11139: 9179: 6694:

writing for the Village Voice in October 1971 refers to "mid-60s punk" as a historical period of rock-and-roll.

5958: 4509:. Though most survived only briefly, perhaps recording a small-label single or two, others set off new trends. 4302: 3847: 3647:, described by critic John Walker as "the ultimate garage band with pretensions". Their influences ranged from 2180: 488: 15093: 10483:. September 28, 1996, p. 58; Eliezer, Christie. "The Year in Australia: Parallel Worlds and Artistic Angles". 8269: 3506:

played spare, experimental music with a confrontational stage act inspired by that of the Stooges. In Boston,

2820:

were considered self-indulgent, although basic guitar breaks were common. Guitar parts tend to include highly

15016: 4529:

in the Northeast combined a similarly stripped-down sound with populist lyrics, a style that became known as

2245: 2220: 1703: 1622: 533: 15221: 3142:

used the term "punk rock" in several articles written in the early 1970s to refer to mid-1960s garage acts.

3037:(1603–4). The term eventually came to describe "a young male hustler, a gangster, a hoodlum, or a ruffian". 2668:

magazine, recalls feeling "punk rock had to come along because the rock scene had become so tame that like

16215: 16150: 15500: 15178: 10199: 10131: 7981:, then later protopunk/heavy rock band, Blue Cheer. He refers to an album by the Other Half as "acid punk." 6518: 6295:–style guitarwork. Led by Dead Kennedys, a U.S. anarcho-punk scene developed around such bands as Austin's 5916: 5437:

in 1989 for about $ 600, the band achieved huge (and unexpected) commercial success with its second album,

5049:

is also commonly described as post-punk. One of the most influential American post-punk bands was Boston's

4642: 4224: 3578: 3380: 2831:, creating a characteristic sound described by Christgau as a "buzzsaw drone". Some punk rock bands take a 2500: 2225: 2090: 2050: 1675: 1294: 924: 706: 12873:, 3rd ed., eds. Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra, and Stephen Thomas Erlewine (San Francisco: Backbeat). 9795: 7156:

Traber, Daniel S. (2001). "L.A.'s 'White Minority': Punk and the Contradictions of Self-Marginalization".

5599:, and individual rights. The movement has continued into the 21st century, supported by festivals such as 5236:, who would become famous as a hip-hop group, debuted that year as a hardcore band. They were followed by 4603:

In September, Generation X and the Clash reached the top forty with, respectively, "Your Generation" and "

2948:

of the 1960s. In addition to the T-shirt, and leather jackets they wore ripped jeans and boots, typically

15468: 14191: 13860: 13744: 13601: 11699: 11609: 11071: 5919:", made it onto the Internet and was downloaded a record 22 million times—illegally. The following year, 5839: 5796: 5487:

in November 1992, to commercial and critical acclaim. The band presented itself with politically themed,

5062: 4362: 2911: 2883: 2282: 2240: 1753: 1302: 631: 478: 17: 7477: 5427:

started to gain larger audiences, major labels sought to capitalize on the underground market. In 1991,

1698: 16230: 16155: 15801: 15573: 14171: 13302: 11208: 8747: 8617: 7872:

Shaw, Greg (January 4, 1973). "Punk Rock: the arrogant underbelly of Sixties pop (review of Nuggets)".

5856: 5776: 5416:, among others—unified by their debt to punk rock and their origins outside of the musical mainstream. 4612: 3822: 3027: 2638:

The first wave of punk rock was "aggressively modern" and differed from what came before. According to

2402: 2352: 2215: 1940: 1656: 1545: 1471: 285: 31: 13126: 5860:, the 1995 album by Rancid became the first record in the ska revival to be certified gold; Sublime's 5831:

played a major role in these bands' crossover success, though NOFX refused to let MTV air its videos.

4166:'s "anarchy flag" poster and his other design work for the Sex Pistols helped establish a distinctive 2523:

in Manchester. By late 1976, punk had become a major cultural phenomenon in the UK. It gave rise to a

1230: 16170: 16118: 15654: 15495: 15388: 15253: 15143: 14655: 13006: 11786: 7991: 6575: 6173:

jailed for racist violence (Bushell claimed ignorance). On July 3, a concert at Hamborough Tavern in

5552: 5269: 5157: 5058: 4941: 4701: 4342: 4294: 4092: 3985: 3227: 2786: 2783:'s outlook, "Punk rock is meant to be our freedom. We're meant to be able to do what we want to do." 2235: 2130: 1526: 1521: 1322: 989: 964: 914: 849: 777: 732: 592: 85: 14846: 10916: 10756:. Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council (AIJAC), August 2000. Retrieved on January 14, 2007. 10497: 8980: 4912:

During 1976–1977, in the midst of the original UK punk movement, bands emerged such as Manchester's

4235:. The band soon discovered that musicians were exploring similar paths in other parts of the world. 3407:

transferred from his previous teen combo to the Elevators" as well as describing other bands in the

16084: 15473: 14288: 13023:"We Accept You, One of Us?": Punk Rock, Community, and Individualism in an Uncertain Era, 1974–1985 9516: 9041: 6506: 6216: 5478: 5464: 4404: 4261: 3359:, became increasingly influential with American garage bands. The raw sound of U.S. groups such as 2730: 2461: 2145: 2105: 2055: 1920: 1651: 1600: 1516: 1441: 1430: 1307: 1085: 829: 11438:

Words: A Connoisseur's Collection of Old and New, Weird and Wonderful, Useful and Outlandish Words

10971: 6961:""Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk by Legs McNeil and Gillian McCain" (review)" 6332:, the Ramones paved the way to what became known as pop-punk. In the late 1970s, UK bands such as 5431:

emerged from Washington State's underground, DIY grunge scene; after recording their first album,

4533:. These expressly working-class bands contrasted with others in the second wave that presaged the 1120: 16200: 16195: 16190: 15413: 15383: 15188: 15138: 15088: 14151: 14130: 13718: 13677: 13671: 13494: 11577: 11304: 7747: 5371: 5138: 4937: 4597: 4581: 4298: 4282: 4068:

in London featured the Sex Pistols, Clash, Damned, and Buzzcocks, as well as Paris's female-lead

3781:

was embraced by a discerning few and slagged off as a bad joke by the uncomprehending majority."

2907: 2267: 1905: 1875: 1820: 1815: 1693: 1312: 624: 604: 411: 396: 361: 13088: 5991:", which incorporated verses of what one critic called "brat rap". Elsewhere around the world, " 5045:, is often treated as the phenomenon's U.S. parallel. The later work of Ohio protopunk pioneers 4806:

of the 1960s) in this context. Over time, "new wave" acquired a distinct meaning: bands such as

2779:, who found positive, liberating meaning in the movement. As a Clash associate describes singer 1165: 15505: 15128: 15108: 14904: 14110: 13853: 13581: 13435: 11509:, 3rd ed., eds. Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra, and Stephen Thomas Erlewine (San Francisco: 11472:, 3rd ed., eds. Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra, and Stephen Thomas Erlewine (San Francisco: 11203: 6604: 6583: 5433: 5319: 5241: 4697: 4398: 4108: 4065: 3928: 3900: 3851: 3786: 3648: 3615:

The origins of New York's punk rock scene can be traced back to such sources as the late 1960s

3515: 3491: 3164: 2848: 2190: 2125: 2060: 1985: 1965: 1960: 1805: 1795: 1570: 1332: 1327: 1215: 929: 919: 909: 854: 680: 658: 636: 346: 16017: 10992: 10945: 8035: 7386:, June 1993. See also Laing (1985), pp. 27–32, for a statistical comparison of lyrical themes. 4651:, which the band recorded in two days. The Saints had relocated to Sydney; in April, they and 15527: 15148: 15113: 15073: 15068: 15063: 15053: 15043: 15038: 15011: 14987: 14972: 14967: 14962: 14401: 14211: 14095: 14017: 13834: 13764: 13374: 12786: 12578: 12184: 11736: 11681: 11627: 11455: 11157: 10377: 8953: 7974: 7635: 7438: 6997: 5699: 5452: 3891:, auditioned for and won the job. Adopting a new name, the group played its first gig as the 3539: 3483: 3426: 2680:, punk "scornfully rejected the political idealism and Californian flower-power silliness of 2453: 2342: 2100: 2080: 2040: 2025: 1870: 1850: 1506: 1481: 1424: 1374: 1205: 999: 944: 809: 799: 794: 543: 503: 12103: 10906:

Besssman (1993), p. 16; Carson (1979), p. 114; Simpson (2003), p. 72; McNeil (1997), p. 206.

10415: 9605: 8368: 7768:

Shapiro (2006), p. 492. Taylor (2003) misidentifies the year of publication as 1970 (p. 16).

4228: 3130:

wrote about "what I have chosen to call "punkrock" bands—white teenage hard rock of '64–66 (

3096:

as "good, not too imaginative, punk rock and roll". The same month John Medelsohn described

15962: 15357: 15326: 15123: 15118: 15103: 15098: 15083: 15058: 15048: 14878: 14866: 14841: 14650: 14161: 13660: 12456: 8889:

Colegrave and Sullivan (2005), p. 111; Gimarc (2005), p. 39; Robb (2006), pp. 217, 224–225.

8761:(2001). Retrieved on September 11, 2006; Robb (2006), pp. 83–87; Savage (1992), pp. 99–103. 6667: 6625:(2012, dir. Benjamin Whalley) – Documentary from a three-part TV series produced by the BBC 6527: 6356:"wrote almost surfy, Beach Boys-inspired songs about girls and food and being young(ish)". 6284: 6220: 6155: 5983: 5930: 5756:

which sold nine million albums in the United States in just over two years. Bad Religion's

5707: 5249: 4948:, transitioned from punk rock into post-punk. A few months after the Sex Pistols' breakup, 4832: 4656: 4608: 4573: 4498: 4452: 4148: 4088: 3708: 3681: 3531: 3400: 3396: 3237: 2969: 2937: 2476: 2259: 2195: 2185: 2170: 2160: 2110: 2065: 2045: 1995: 1975: 1970: 1950: 1945: 1930: 1925: 1910: 1895: 1880: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1810: 1800: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1646: 1346: 1105: 1075: 1065: 747: 553: 548: 401: 255: 13021: 12495:

Rodel, Angela (2004). "Extreme Noise Terror: Punk Rock and the Aesthetics of Badness", in

10094:

Azerrad (2001), passim; for relationship of Hüsker Dü and the Replacements, see pp. 205–6.

5714:

to the right. Green Day is credited with reviving mainstream interest in punk rock in the

5675:, bands active in both the queercore and riot grrrl scenes, cofounded the indie/punk band 4972:, as with Subway Sect and Wire. The bands incorporated a range of influences ranging from 4545:

were characterized by sophisticated lyrics, minimalist arrangements, and extreme brevity.

8: 16047: 15875: 15767: 15622: 15553: 15515: 15510: 15418: 15133: 15078: 14328: 14281: 14100: 11408: 11175: 7208: 7007: 6971: 6629: 6595: 6382: 6232: 6131: 5843: 5660:, explains that without riot grrrl bands, " would have all starved to death culturally." 5633: 5501: 5307: 5274: 5184:

were among the other initial hardcore groups. They were soon joined by bands such as the

5145: 5117: 5111:. The movement soon spread around North America and internationally. According to author 5000: 4925: 4733: 4693: 4538: 4466:, was a benchmark for both the DIY ethic and regionalism in the country's punk movement. 4458: 4159: 4041: 4009: 3843: 3724: 3652: 3535: 3467: 3463: 3286: 3033: 3022: 2945: 2891: 2673: 2332: 2165: 2155: 2140: 2120: 2115: 2095: 2075: 2070: 2035: 2030: 2020: 2000: 1955: 1935: 1855: 1845: 1775: 1661: 1628: 1617: 1456: 1419: 1394: 1359: 1245: 1135: 1017: 1004: 757: 752: 663: 587: 442: 351: 238: 15006: 11424:

1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists, Stories and Secrets Behind Them

9674: 7846: 5968:(2003) respectively rose to numbers one and three on the album chart. In November 2003, 3879:

returned to London in May 1975, inspired by the new scene he had witnessed at CBGB. The

16140: 14982: 14323: 13905: 13828: 13723: 13628: 13591: 13550: 13246: 13150: 10292: 8373: 8121: 7181: 6965: 6934: 6493: 6353: 5921: 5864:

was certified platinum early in 1997. In Australia, two popular groups, skatecore band

5763: 5370:

identity. In the United States, bands such as Hüsker Dü and their Minneapolis protégés

5303: 5189: 4827:

order to avoid radio censorship and make themselves more palatable to concert bookers.

4553: 4358: 4174: 4057: 3624: 3348: 3232: 3187: 2756: 2504: 2484: 2449: 2150: 2135: 2015: 2010: 2005: 1980: 1915: 1865: 1860: 1640: 1606: 1560: 1486: 1476: 1379: 1220: 1145: 517: 437: 406: 371: 12499:, eds. Christopher Washburne and Maiken Derno (New York: Routledge), pp. 235–56. 10746: 9837:

Delaney, Cornelius (2020). "We're the Most Fabulous People Australia Has Ever Known".

8796:

issue in which the quote originally appeared. Robb (2006), p. 148, also describes the

6619:(2012, dir. Sam Bridger) – Documentary from a three-part TV series produced by the BBC 6391:

genres. Los Angeles punk rock bands laid the groundwork for a wide variety of styles:

6203:

Anarcho-punk developed alongside the Oi! and American hardcore movements. Inspired by

5734:

hipness of punk rock to such an extent that a 1993 ad campaign for an automobile, the

5495:. Rage Against the Machine would go on to achieve back-to-back number 1 debuts on the 3395:

movement birthed an array of garage bands that would later become influences on punk,

1090: 16074: 16004: 15977: 15911: 15779: 15634: 15629: 15568: 14834: 14509: 14484: 14381: 14216: 14166: 14125: 13975: 13895: 13759: 13369: 13312: 13109: 13010: 12992: 12978: 12964: 12947: 12933: 12919: 12905: 12891: 12874: 12856: 12830: 12823: 12807: 12801: 12790: 12772: 12758: 12744: 12730: 12716: 12702: 12688: 12674: 12660: 12642: 12639:

The Rough Guide to Cult Pop: The Songs, the Artists, the Genres, the Dubious Fashions

12628: 12614: 12600: 12582: 12571: 12555: 12533: 12526: 12514: 12500: 12482: 12464: 12443: 12437: 12422: 12407: 12393: 12379: 12365: 12351: 12337: 12323: 12309: 12295: 12281: 12260: 12243: 12225: 12206: 12167: 12153: 12139: 12109: 12092: 12078: 12061: 12047: 12028: 12014: 11996: 11981: 11967: 11948: 11931: 11917: 11903: 11889: 11875: 11861: 11847: 11830: 11816: 11794: 11772: 11758: 11740: 11717: 11703: 11685: 11667: 11649: 11631: 11613: 11595: 11581: 11563: 11549: 11537: 11528: 11514: 11495: 11477: 11459: 11441: 11427: 11412: 11394: 11380: 11362: 11344: 11322: 11308: 11286: 11256: 11238: 11222: 11212: 11179: 11161: 11143: 11118: 11091: 11076: 11057: 11043: 10998: 10287: 9715: 8933: 8621: 8157: 8041: 7933: 7639: 7581: 7198:

Murphy, Peter, "Shine On, The Lights Of The Bowery: The Blank Generation Revisited",

7185: 7173: 7011: 6866: 6672: 6568: 6557: 6523: 6480: 6208: 6165: 6115: 5964: 5934: 5816: 5668: 5470: 5311: 5209: 5149: 5100: 5066: 5012: 4977: 4933: 4660: 4647: 4471: 4330: 4318: 4245: 4231:

to use as venues, or playing in "Club 76", their shared house in the inner suburb of

4190: 4017: 3749: 3644: 3628: 3507: 3376: 3265: 3257: 3177: 3159:

referred to Iggy Pop as the "Punk Messiah of the Teenage Wasteland" in his review of

3135: 3083: 2973: 2806: 2772: 2701:

is our condition. As symbols of protest, swastikas are no less fatuous than flowers.

2600: 2568: 2516: 2488: 2362: 2292: 2085: 1990: 1885: 1634: 1354: 1175: 1045: 979: 839: 722: 692: 641: 14318: 9372:

See Worley (2017) for an overview of the regional spread of punk in its early years.

8318:"The strange tale of David Peel, the dope-smoking hippy who became the King of Punk" 6778: 3972:

after seeing the Sex Pistols in February. Others in the small crowd went on to form

3744:

later remembered, "I couldn't believe people were doing this. The dumb brattiness."

3514:, gained attention for their minimalistic style. In 1974, as well, the Detroit band 3017:

Between the late 16th and the 18th centuries, punk was a common, coarse synonym for

15904: 15677: 15488: 15463: 15216: 15211: 14696: 14635: 14544: 14539: 14156: 14120: 13970: 13940: 13910: 13530: 13510: 13332: 13322: 13317: 13104: 13079: 13031: 12757:, ed. A. J. Millard (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), pp. 181–200. 11694:

Gosling, Tim (2004). "'Not for Sale': The Underground Network of Anarcho-Punk", in

11663: 11491: 11039: 10282: 10274: 7978: 7787: 7242: 7165: 7075: 6993: 6956: 6905: 6691: 6661: 6613:(2012, dir. Andy Dunn) -Documentary from a three-part TV series produced by the BBC 6392: 6240: 6094: 5905: 5884: 5657: 5645: 5492: 5393: 5362: 5340: 5315: 5296: 5185: 5074: 5050: 5016: 4953: 4932:

that became central post-punk figures. Some bands classified as post-punk, such as

4604: 4522: 4420: 3620: 3511: 3411: 3392: 3344: 3322: 3261: 3102: 3006: 3000:, and metal-studded and -spiked accessories became increasingly common elements of 2860: 2844: 2821: 2707: 2690: 2677: 2588: 2380: 2272: 1743: 1728: 1612: 1554: 1491: 1466: 1409: 1384: 1235: 1180: 1095: 994: 954: 864: 859: 737: 675: 668: 619: 614: 609: 597: 577: 132: 112: 9275: 4493:

Scores of new punk groups formed around the United Kingdom, as far from London as

15933: 15899: 15428: 15265: 14946: 14931: 14625: 14479: 14333: 14251: 14241: 14146: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13784: 13467: 13069: 11790: 11066: 10978: 10923: 10894: 10753: 10508: 10442: 10422: 10384: 10176: 10110: 9709: 9612: 9556: 9523: 9441: 8960: 8787: 8754: 7697: 7629: 7303:, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, August 2006. Retrieved on December 17, 2006. 7300: 6726: 6488: 6460: 6357: 6224: 6090: 5956:

suitable points of comparison for Blink-182's sound and market niche. The band's

5949: 5861: 5805: 5786: 5767: 5596: 5592: 5284: 5130: 5008: 4961: 4921: 4917: 4803: 4346: 4167: 4144: 4053: 3977: 3965: 3876: 3777: 3753: 3700: 3640: 3433: 3300: 3042: 2961: 2864: 2664: 2628: 2524: 2468: 2390: 2322: 1580: 1531: 1404: 1255: 1155: 1150: 1130: 1100: 1055: 1050: 1040: 934: 814: 653: 646: 582: 493: 11117:, eds. Andy Bennett and Kevin Dawe (Oxford and New York: Berg), pp. 45–62. 10348:"A Brief History of the Riot Grrrl Movement in Honor of Boston's Riot Grrrl Day" 9016:"Read Our Interview With Ari Up from the Siouxsie Sioux/Shabba Ranks Icon Issue" 7791: 7293: 4373:

formed in nearby New Jersey. Still developing what would become their signature

1210: 1030: 16099: 16052: 15772: 15723: 15598: 15563: 15341: 15331: 15314: 15297: 14941: 14926: 14899: 14894: 14856: 14630: 14620: 14464: 14429: 14343: 14206: 14105: 13890: 13769: 13633: 13586: 13535: 13241: 12883: 12753:

Strohm, John (2004). "Women Guitarists: Gender Issues in Alternative Rock", in

12656: 12269: 12198: 11754: 11726: 11645: 11545: 11510: 11473: 11376: 11358: 11266: 9773: 9066: 7203: 7080: 6722: 6644: 6448: 6436: 6361: 6352:"layered their pissed off, politicized sound with the smoothest of harmonies"; 6337: 6325: 6280: 6106: 6060: 5996: 5970: 5945: 5771: 5751: 5735: 5680: 5676: 5580: 5556: 5515: 5428: 5353: 5253: 5229: 5217: 5213: 5201: 5070: 4844: 4819: 4807: 4775: 4758: 4753: 4728: 4720: 4681: 4626: 4585: 4370: 4354: 4314: 4182: 4178: 4112: 4061: 4033: 4025: 4020:

but also performed screaming vocals on their song "Lou". Other groups included

4005: 3949: 3884: 3880: 3772: 3736: 3720: 3632: 3503: 3495: 3408: 3372: 3340: 3281: 3246: 3222: 3068: 2989: 2957: 2887: 2810: 2722: 2659: 2592: 2580: 2337: 2327: 1723: 1718: 1708: 1461: 1110: 1025: 959: 889: 844: 824: 819: 356: 122: 13132:

Germany's first English-language punk rock fanzine from Wildberg, West Germany

13003:

The End of the World as We Know It: Faith, Fatalism, and Apocalypse in America

12336:, ed. Anthony DeCurtis (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press), pp. 13–38. 12180:. London: Verso, chapter 3: 'CRASS 621984 ANOK4U2', 73–101. ISBN 1-85984-028-0 11858:

Is Hip Hop Dead?: The Past, Present, and Future of America's Most Wanted Music

10780: 10103: 9162: 8673: 8432: 5469:

During the early 1990s, new alternative forms of punk rock began to fuse with

5069:

further explored the possibilities of post-punk and gave rise to acts such as

3272:

club attracted notice, a name was sought for the developing sound. Club owner

3203:

which was largely devoted to discussion of 1960s garage and psychedelic acts.

3120:

as giving a "landmark exposition of punk rock". Later in 1971, in his fanzine

16225: 16134: 15870: 15838: 15711: 15706: 15603: 15583: 15532: 15478: 15309: 15280: 15206: 15031: 14936: 14829: 14756: 14716: 14569: 14489: 14396: 14257: 14012: 14000: 13945: 13876: 13819: 13596: 13520: 13447: 13347: 13307: 13143: 13064: 12852: 12474: 11940: 11226: 10882: 9549: 9184: 8653:

includes a live Television recording of the song that he dates "spring 1974."

8538: 7576:

Habell-Pallan, Michelle (2012). "Death to Racism and Punk Rock Revisionism",

7482: 7177: 6870: 6640: 6388: 6329: 6264: 6212: 6120: 6098: 6055: 5865: 5801: 5781: 5715: 5584: 5564: 5496: 5491:

lyrical content, accompanied by the aggressive vocal delivery of lead singer

5488: 5474: 5424: 5389: 5383: 5280: 5245: 5181: 5173: 5165: 5086: 5033:, released in 1977, is frequently cited as a seminal album in the field. The 4929: 4811: 4780: 4724: 4689: 4665: 4652: 4593: 4526: 4415: 4338: 4334: 4326: 4216: 4136: 4096: 3916: 3656: 3616: 3582: 3430: 3404: 3388: 3273: 3093: 3088: 2997: 2980:

as the first British punk musician to rip his shirt, and Sex Pistols bassist

2977: 2965: 2872: 2748: 2734: 2608: 2604: 2556: 2536: 2441: 1738: 1683: 1501: 1451: 1369: 1270: 1225: 1190: 1170: 1125: 1080: 899: 894: 874: 290: 213: 193: 70: 14914: 11642:

Punk Diary: The Ultimate Trainspotter's Guide to Underground Rock, 1970–1982

9941:"Watch 80s punk brawlers Fear upset everyone on Saturday Night Live in 1981" 9112: 5037:

movement that developed in New York in the late 1970s, with artists such as

3546: 3545:

Bands anticipating the forthcoming movement were appearing as far afield as

16094: 16069: 15994: 15811: 15806: 15789: 15588: 15578: 15423: 15362: 15275: 15270: 15231: 14997: 14921: 14871: 14861: 14751: 14474: 14067: 14047: 13990: 13814: 13789: 13560: 13357: 13212: 12956: 12844: 12273: 12070: 11839: 11252: 11190: 10010: 7973:

article Saunders discusses Randy Holden, former member of garage rock acts

7237: 6531: 6511: 6420: 6404: 6349: 6276: 6260: 6228: 6187: 6082: 5746: 5664: 5653: 5576: 5568: 5514:

In a 2016 interview with Audio Ink Radio, Rage Against the Machine bassist

5375: 5292: 5288: 5261: 5257: 5237: 5233: 5225: 5197: 5193: 5112: 5104: 5099:

A distinctive style of punk, characterized by superfast, aggressive beats,

5042: 5029: 4996: 4965: 4913: 4868: 4864: 4852: 4784: 4712: 4596:", reached number six and Australia's the Saints had a top-forty hit with " 4589: 4577: 4518: 4441: 4306: 4257: 4220: 4215:

A punk subculture began in Australia around the same time, centered around

4186: 4132: 4116: 4037: 4013: 3973: 3961: 3924: 3768: 3764: 3677: 3673: 3660: 3562: 3471: 3437: 3336: 3332: 3139: 3097: 3060: 3001: 2953: 2923: 2840: 2836: 2780: 2651: 2643: 2612: 2584: 2560: 2540: 2528: 2287: 2277: 1748: 1713: 1565: 1275: 1200: 1140: 1115: 1060: 869: 804: 483: 183: 157: 12699:

Nobody Likes You: Inside the Turbulent Life, Times, and Music of Green Day

12350:, ed. Rick Poyner (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press), p. 245. 10435: 9695: 8918:"John Lydon says its "wrong" to credit Patti Smith with punk's beginnings" 7169: 6738:

The title echoes a lyric from the title track of Patti Smith's 1975 album

5073:. The original post-punk bands were highly influential on 1990s and 2000s 5011:, helped to develop the production and distribution infrastructure of the 4154:

In October 1976, the Damned released the first UK punk rock band single, "

3911: 16089: 15848: 15831: 15796: 15743: 15433: 15408: 15292: 15248: 14802: 14792: 14711: 14534: 14519: 14499: 14469: 14459: 14454: 14439: 14338: 14057: 14052: 13960: 13935: 13900: 13655: 13613: 13608: 13555: 13515: 13489: 13452: 13423: 13408: 13403: 13327: 13290: 13180: 12278:

Lexicon Devil: The Fast Times and Short Life of Darby Crash and the Germs

12194: 11957: 11282: 11113:

Bennett, Andy (2001). "'Plug in and Play!': UK Indie Guitar Culture", in

9945: 8780: 8300:"The Origins of Austin Punk in the Aftermath of the 13th Floor Elevators" 6648: 6600: 6588: 6428: 6416: 6292: 6268: 6110: 6102: 5992: 5888: 5637: 5600: 5588: 5567:. Inspired by openly gay punk musicians of an earlier generation such as 5560: 5444: 5420: 5401: 5126: 5108: 5038: 5004: 4981: 4973: 4836: 4737: 4542: 4530: 4502: 4487: 4483: 4437: 4433: 4389: 4378: 4322: 4310: 4286: 4200: 4128: 4073: 4069: 4029: 4021: 4001: 3997: 3920: 3892: 3839: 3790: 3757: 3741: 3716: 3664: 3523: 3479: 3459: 3419: 3318: 3295: 3200: 3160: 2993: 2981: 2949: 2876: 2828: 2824: 2817: 2802: 2768: 2752: 2726: 2655: 2591:. Following alternative rock's mainstream breakthrough in the 1990s with 2552: 2535:

style. By the early 1980s, faster and more aggressive subgenres, such as

2508: 2492: 2445: 2437: 1733: 1688: 1280: 1250: 1240: 1195: 1070: 974: 884: 742: 381: 376: 310: 233: 198: 152: 60: 13638: 9779: 5774:, also began achieving mainstream popularity. In 1994, Epitaph released 4940:, had been active well before the punk scene coalesced; others, such as 4384: 3938: 3494:, who inspired many of those involved in the creation of punk rock. The 2801:

The early punk bands emulated the minimal musical arrangements of 1960s

2386: 16012: 15987: 15972: 15928: 15916: 15865: 15860: 15855: 15733: 15728: 15716: 15701: 15691: 15593: 15548: 15302: 15285: 15236: 14909: 14851: 14741: 14731: 14726: 14680: 14675: 14665: 14605: 14595: 14579: 14574: 14559: 14554: 14529: 14449: 14444: 14413: 14408: 14386: 14304: 14262: 14115: 14072: 14042: 14027: 13995: 13920: 13623: 13618: 13565: 13540: 13457: 13440: 13396: 13386: 13295: 13258: 13234: 13217: 13185: 13035: 12547: 12164:

The Brazilian Sound: Samba, Bossa Nova, and the Popular Music of Brazil

12105:

Wild About You: The Sixties Beat Explosion in Australia and New Zealand

12037: 11606:

Between Montmartre and the Mudd Club: Popular Music and the Avant-Garde

11198: 11194: 10887: 10296: 9790: 8614:

Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever

7814: 7508:

Strongman (2008), pp. 58, 63, 64; Colegrave and Sullivan (2005), p. 78.

6652: 6452: 6444: 6424: 6412: 6317: 6296: 6256: 6170: 6073: 5953: 5711: 5641: 5612: 5409: 5397: 5367: 5349: 5323: 5205: 5161: 5153: 4985: 4957: 4949: 4823: 4727:. This left a variety of derivative scenes and forms. On one side were 4565: 4475: 4236: 4163: 4140: 3989: 3981: 3905: 3888: 3867: 3855: 3782: 3728: 3687: 3566: 3558: 3527: 3453: 3423: 3415: 3360: 3326: 3152: 3107: 3047: 3018: 2941: 2852: 2832: 2669: 2572: 2317: 2302: 2297: 1590: 1265: 969: 939: 834: 727: 416: 386: 366: 315: 300: 270: 228: 223: 142: 127: 90: 75: 65: 12058:

African Americans and Popular Culture, Volume 3: Music and Popular Art

7240:, "Move Over My Chemical Romance: The Dynamic Beginnings of US Punk", 6833:"10 rockers from the '50s who influenced rock 'n' roll, punk and more" 6725:—speed obsession, pop-art clothing, art school ambition." The Who and 4802:

is credited with proposing the term's use (adopted from the cinematic

3875:

After a brief period unofficially managing the New York Dolls, Briton

3573:, was coming closer to the sound that would soon be called "punk": In 3561:. In Japan, the anti-establishment Zunō Keisatsu (Brain Police) mixed 2789:

has always been important in the punk subculture—the pejorative term "

16079: 16027: 15982: 15967: 15948: 15938: 15882: 15826: 15738: 15336: 15319: 15258: 15026: 14797: 14787: 14782: 14706: 14701: 14670: 14645: 14640: 14615: 14610: 14600: 14564: 14549: 14524: 14504: 14494: 14201: 14062: 14022: 13980: 13955: 13950: 13930: 13915: 13824: 13809: 13749: 13643: 13545: 13462: 13413: 13391: 13381: 13352: 13342: 13337: 13285: 13280: 13190: 12252: 9917: 9323:

Savage (1992), pp. 260, 263–67, 277–79; Laing (1985), pp. 35, 37, 38.

8920:. NME. August 11, 2023. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023 8221: 8153: 7847:"Photographing Iggy and the Stooges at King Sound, Kings Cross, 1972" 6546: 6542: 6440: 6432: 6400: 6396: 6369: 6365: 6345: 6341: 6333: 6288: 6275:

hardcore movement. The anarcho-punk scene also spawned bands such as

6239:

The movement spun off several subgenres of a similar political bent.

6160: 6151: 5940:. While they were viewed as Green Day "acolytes", critics also found 5926: 5892: 5742: 5703: 5672: 5649: 5546: 5448: 5439: 5405: 5265: 5177: 5156:— all of whom were black, a rarity in punk of any era — launched the 5134: 5054: 4989: 4969: 4945: 4905: 4896: 4615:", followed by the release of their first and only "official" album, 4557: 4534: 4506: 4467: 4463: 4124: 3993: 3969: 3957: 3953: 3952:, an associate of McLaren, similarly aimed to make stars of the band 3942: 3932: 3554: 3499: 3498:

updated 1950s' rock 'n' roll in a fashion that later became known as

3487: 3441: 3364: 3352: 3182: 3156: 3131: 3127: 3079: 3072: 2856: 2760: 2694: 2596: 2576: 2520: 2512: 2480: 2457: 2357: 2307: 1575: 1160: 984: 879: 525: 498: 463: 391: 320: 280: 275: 260: 218: 167: 162: 80: 12871:

All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul

11676:

Goodlad, Lauren M. E., and Michael Bibby (2007). "Introduction", in

11507:

All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul

11470:

All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul

11136:

Rockin' las Américas: The Global Politics of Rock in Latin/o America

11056:, ed. Sandra Buckley (London and New York: Routledge), p. 588. 10278: 9708:

S. Borthwick & R. Moy (2004), "Synthpop: into the digital age",

9040:

Lydon (1995), p. 127; Savage (1992), pp. 257–260; Barkham, Patrick,

6757:, Rancid's previous album, received gold certification in July 2000. 5804:, each eventually certified gold or better. That June, Green Day's " 5537: 4752:

and the Sex Pistols". A range of other styles emerged, many of them

4361:, and the Sleepers. By mid-1977 in downtown New York, bands such as 16022: 15943: 15892: 15887: 15816: 15646: 15021: 14746: 14736: 14514: 14434: 14391: 14348: 14037: 13985: 13965: 13484: 13472: 13430: 13364: 13263: 13229: 11827:

Britpop!: Cool Britannia and the Spectacular Demise of English Rock

11769:

Straight Edge: Hardcore Punk, Clean-Living Youth, and Social Change

9439:

Shuker (2002), p. 228; Wells (2004), p. 113; Myers (2006), p. 205;

9166: 9113:""Great Australian Albums The Saints – (I'm) Stranded " " 7447: 7051: 6929: 6783: 6712:

The Ramones' 1978 'I Don't Want You,' was largely Kinks-influenced.

6408: 6308: 6252: 6174: 6135: 5941: 5851: 5847: 5749:

were both signed to major labels. The next year, Green Day put out

5688: 5684: 5455:, and fueled the alternative rock boom of the early and mid-1990s. 5169: 5046: 5020: 4860: 4856: 4815: 4799: 4744:

groups created blends like that of the ideal record, as defined by

4741: 4561: 4410: 4350: 4290: 4155: 4084: 4080: 3858:

spewed the vocals "as if his teeth had been ground down to points."

3603: 3574: 3475: 3210: 3064: 3051: 2899: 2868: 2764: 1595: 1185: 949: 697: 330: 325: 305: 208: 188: 117: 12178:

Senseless Acts of Beauty: Cultures of Resistance since the Sixties

10006:"The Faith and Void: the glorious Dischord of 1980s harDCore punk" 9913:"10 Hardcore Albums for People Who Don't Know Shit About Hardcore" 5908:

label, debuted at number two on the album chart. A bootleg MP3 of

5345: 5091: 4677: 4456:(by the Damned) reached number thirty-six on the UK chart. The EP 3635:

performed. In early 1974, a new scene began to develop around the

2956:'s more androgynous, ragamuffin look—and reputed invention of the 2376: 15953: 15784: 15558: 15367: 15241: 14992: 14772: 14226: 14032: 13774: 13477: 13273: 13253: 13091:

archival collection with the personal papers of NYC punk figures.

12348:

Communicate: Independent British Graphic Design Since the Sixties

12138:, 4th ed., ed. Ira Robbins (New York: Collier), pp. 529–30. 12056:

Mahon, Maureen (2008). "African Americans and Rock 'n' Roll", in

12013:, 4th ed., ed. Ira Robbins (New York: Collier), pp. 230–31. 11962: 11872:

From the Velvets to the Voidoids: The Birth of American Punk Rock

10049:, fastnbulbous.com, January 1990. Retrieved on December 30, 2006. 8770:

Gimarc (2005), p. 22; Robb (2006), p. 114; Savage (1992), p. 129.

7079:(e.g., Wells , p. 5; Sabin , p. 111). Robb (2006) ascribes it to 6086: 5988: 5869: 5828: 5396:. Alternative rock encompasses a diverse set of styles—including 5122: 5034: 4901: 4840: 4763: 4494: 4474:

came out two months later and rose to number twelve; the single "

4374: 4366: 4162:", which succeeded in its goal of becoming a "national scandal". 4120: 4104: 4049: 4045: 3712: 3696: 3692: 3669: 3486:—after thieves stripped it for parts". The album was produced by 3384: 3356: 3192: 3063:, mocking more mainstream rock musicians, ironically referred to 2738: 2639: 2548: 2496: 2460:; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through 2347: 789: 685: 265: 137: 13845: 12741:

Punk '77: An Inside Look at the San Francisco Rock N' Roll Scene

12611:

Die Welt der Gothics: Spielräume düster konnotierter Tranzendenz

5125:, which included members of the emerging hardcore scene such as 3206: 3195:

punk music". In May 1973, Billy Altman launched the short-lived

15843: 14721: 14236: 13925: 13779: 13525: 13222: 13083: 13026:(Thesis). Department of History, College of Arts and Sciences, 12573:

England's Dreaming: Anarchy, Sex Pistols, Punk Rock, and Beyond

12404:

Cinderella's Big Score: Women of the Punk and Indie Underground

11698:, eds. Andy Bennett and Richard A. Peterson (Nashville, Tenn.: 11278: 8150:

Rock the Nation: Latin/o Identities and the Latin Rock Diaspora

6729:

were among the few rock elders acknowledged by the Sex Pistols.

6456: 6248: 6244: 6150:

Although most Oi! bands in the initial wave were apolitical or

5978: 5835: 5572: 5413: 4745: 4549: 4341:

sound and played their debut public performance in a garage in

4285:

was fully developed by early 1977. In Los Angeles, there were:

4100: 2903: 2835:

approach with a lighter, twangier guitar tone. Others, such as

2790: 2698: 2681: 1496: 1035: 295: 13121: 13048:

No Future: Punk, Politics and British Youth Culture, 1976-1984

12025:

Pretty in Punk: Girls' Gender Resistance in a Boys' Subculture

10660: 10226:"Rage Against the Machine is a Punk Band, Says Tim Commerford" 8473: 7382:

Sabin (1999), pp. 4, 226; Dalton, Stephen, "Revolution Rock",

6579:(2014, dir. Craig DeLuz, Michael Allen) – Origins of punk rock 6313: 6263:, Discharge, and Amebix, along with former Oi! groups such as 3040:

The first known use of the phrase "punk rock" appeared in the

15921: 14273: 12918:, 4th ed., ed. Ira Robbins (New York: Collier), p. 662. 11574:

I'll Take You There: Pop Music And the Urge for Transcendence

11340: 10511:, MTV.com, September 15, 2004. Retrieved on December 3, 2007. 9677:, Aversion.com, July 11, 2005. Retrieved on January 21, 2007. 9550:"Round-Table Discussion: Hollywood Vanguard vs. Beach Punks!" 7578:

Pop: When the World Falls Apart: Music in the Shadow of Doubt

6272: 6204: 6196: 5617: 5302:

Skate punk innovators pointed in other directions: including

5212:

scene grew, including the relocated Bad Brains, New Jersey's

4883:, the "height of popularity for new wave" coincided with the 4514: 4510: 4253: 3122: 3112: 3056: 2928: 2906:, variously expressed in the poetic terms of Richard Hell's " 2776: 2647: 2564: 1260: 13135: 12332:

Palmer, Robert (1992). "The Church of the Sonic Guitar", in

12224:(1st ed.). Miami, Florida: Distinctive Punishing Corp. 12060:, ed. Todd Boyd (Westport, Conn.: Praeger), pp. 31–60. 10981:. NPR Music, March 16, 2009. Retrieved on November 12, 2010. 8402:"How the Kent State massacre helped give birth to punk rock" 3838:

With its "inflammatory, venomous lyrics crude energy", the

15483: 12729:, 2nd rev. ed. (Brisbane: University of Queensland Press). 12390:

Death Metal Music: The Passion and Politics of a Subculture

12009:

Lamey, Charles P., and Ira Robbins (1991). "Exploited", in

11914:

A Bad Woman Feeling Good: Blues and the Women Who Sing Them

11127:

Berthier, Héctor Castillo (2001). "My Generation: Rock and

7965:

Sauders, "Metal" Mike. "Blue Cheer More Pumice than Lava."

5791: 5726: 5423:, which had grown out of the "no-wave" scene, and Boston's 4872: 4749: 3636: 3608: 3550: 3519: 3269: 2932:

1980s punks with leather jackets and dyed mohawk hairstyles

2867:—emphasize more technical bass lines. Bassists often use a 2616: 12961:

Punk: Loud, Young & Snotty: The Story Behind the Songs

12089:

Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century

11505:

Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2002). "The Birthday Party", in

11036:

Dance of Days: Two Decades of Punk in the Nation's Capital

9975:

Andersen and Jenkins (2001), p. 89; Blush (2001), p. 173;

9818:

See. e.g., Reynolds (1999), p. 336; Savage (2002), p. 487.

7041: 7039: 6603:) - scripted miniseries based on the memoir Lonely Boy by 4867:(which had started out as a straight-ahead punk band) and 4381:, they made their first appearance at CBGB in April 1977. 16063: 15821: 14777: 14231: 14005: 13418: 13268: 11995:. Milton Keynes and Philadelphia: Open University Press. 8792: 8584: 8261: 6247:

in the early 1980s. Other groups in the movement, led by

6192: 6021: 5824: 4876: 4848: 4794: 4708: 4569: 3570: 2544: 2472: 203: 11088:

The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll

10129: 8554: 8117:"Richard Berry, Songwriter of 'Louie Louie,' Dies at 61" 8108: 7865: 7413:

Savage (1991), p. 440. See also Laing (1985), pp. 27–32.

6259:. Several of these bands rooted in anarcho-punk such as 5981:

reached the Canadian top ten with its 2001 debut album,

5722: 5683:, the iconic figure of riot grrrl, moved on to form the 4672: 3490:, a former member of New York's experimental rock group 12257:

Green Day: American Idiots & the New Punk Explosion

11275:

The Boy Looked at Johnny: The Obituary of Rock and Roll

10569:. September 2000, p. 80; Pappademas, Alex. "Blink-182: 8800:

article in some detail and ascribes the quote to Jones.

8790:, BBC, October 7, 2002), but Savage directly cites the 8187: 8185: 7352: 7206:, "Richard Hell: King Punk Remembers the Generation", 7036: 6633:(1978, dir. Don Letts) – The early punk scene in London 5925:, the first fully major-label release by pop-punk band 5766:. Other California punk bands on the independent label 4345:

in December 1977. San Francisco's second wave included

3375:

movement and beat groups, the Kinks' 1964 hit singles "

102:

Mid-1970s, United States, United Kingdom, and Australia

12713:

We Got the Neutron Bomb: The Untold Story of L.A. Punk

12376:

The Cramps: A Short History of Rock 'n' Roll Psychosis

12222:

Savage Lost: Florida Garage Bands: The '60s and Beyond

12091:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press). 11592:

She's a Rebel: The History of Women in Rock & Roll

10391:, February/March 2005. Retrieved on November 26, 2007. 9839:

Urban Australia and Post-Punk: Exploring Dogs in Space

9057:

Savage (1992), pp. 267–275; Lydon (1995), pp. 139–140.

8170: 7932:(Second ed.). Oakland, CA: PM Press. p. 23. 7003:

Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies

6387:

From 1977 on, punk rock crossed lines with many other

6299:

and Southern California's Another Destructive System.

6215:

label, a scene developed around British bands such as

5694: 3964:. On 4 June 1976, the Sex Pistols played Manchester's 2527:

that expressed youthful rebellion through distinctive

12360:

Pareles, Jon, and Patricia Romanowski (eds.) (1983).

12238:

Miles, Barry, Grant Scott, and Johnny Morgan (2005).

11188: 11086:

Bangs, Lester (1980). "Protopunk: The Garage Bands".

10571:

The Mark, Tom and Travis Show: The Enema Strikes Back

8242: 8240: 5854:

and ska-core became widely popular in the mid-1990s.

3854:'s guitar to create a "searing wall of sound", while 3294:"to describe what was going on at CBGBs". Holmstrom, 3086:'s "hard-edge punk sound". In an April 1971 issue of 2813:. However, later bands often broke from this format. 2467:

The term "punk rock" was previously used by American

12803:

False Prophet: Field Notes from the Punk Underground

10611:"Living End 'Rolls On' with Aussie Punkabilly Sound" 10479:

Eliezer, Christie. "Trying to Take Over the World".

10258: 10256: 10179:, Biography Channel. Retrieved on November 19, 2006. 9619:(UK), October 29, 2006. Retrieved February 28, 2006. 9048:(UK), March 1, 2005. Retrieved on December 17, 2006. 8702:

Porter (2007), pp. 48–49; Nobahkt (2004), pp. 77–78.

8671: 8197: 8182: 8096: 8020:

Hilburn, Robert, "Touch of Stones in Dolls' Album",

7780: 7475: 6470: 6081:

Following the lead of first-wave British punk bands

5895:

brought punk even further into the U.S. mainstream.

4123:, the British punks also reflected the influence of 3585:, who had toured Australia and New Zealand in 1975. 3383:", were both influenced by "Louie, Louie". In 1965, 12743:, 3rd ed. (San Francisco: RE/Search Publications). 12203:

Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk

11235:

Punk: The Illustrated History of a Music Revolution

10678:

Dalton, Stephen, "Revolution Rock", Vox, June 1993.

9384:"Crass's political punk is as relevant now as ever" 7919: 7580:. p. 247-270. Durham : Duke University Press. 7364: 7328: 6109:. Their style was originally called "real punk" or 5329: 3763:Early in 1976, Hell left the Heartbreakers to form 3731:, and condensed rock 'n' roll to its primal level: 3191:dismissively referred to Pop as "the apotheosis of 12822: 12755:The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon 12570: 12525: 11900:Cranked Up Really High: Genre Theory and Punk Rock 11844:Cut 'n' Mix: Culture, Identity and Caribbean Music 11134:s Forced Survival Opposite the Mexican State", in 9707: 8237: 7606:See, e.g., Laing (1985), "Picture Section", p. 18. 7437: 5518:was asked about the band's status as a punk band: 3256:was being used to describe acts as diverse as the 3050:, co-founder of New York's anarcho-prankster band 14222:List of musicians in the second wave of punk rock 12552:England's Dreaming: The Sex Pistols and Punk Rock 12362:The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll 12027:(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press). 11993:One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock 11928:French Connections: From Discothèque to Discovery 11813:Sonic Cool: The Life & Death of Rock 'n' Roll 11771:(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press). 11732:Nothing Feels Good: Punk Rock, Teenagers, and Emo 10972:"Irish Pub-Rock: Boozy Punk Energy, Celtic Style" 10952:on March 23, 2007. Retrieved on February 4, 2007. 10897:Anima Mundi. Both retrieved on November 25, 2007. 10253: 10197: 9495:One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock 9361:One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock 7929:One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock 7545: 7424:One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock 7281:One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock 7223:One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock 7048:One Chord Wonders: Power and Meaning in Punk Rock 4482:". The band had recently acquired a new bassist, 3181:, reviewing the debut album by a hard rock band, 2960:—was a major influence on Sex Pistols impresario 16132: 16003: 12806:. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press. 12528:Punk Rock: So What?: the Cultural Legacy of Punk 11660:Burning Britain—The History of UK Punk 1980–1984 11090:(second ed.). New York City: Random House. 10487:. December 27, 1997 – January 3, 1998, p. YE-16. 9809:Buckley (2003), p. 13; Reynolds (2005), pp. 1–2. 9530:, July 20, 2007. Retrieved on November 25, 2007. 8938:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8809:Quoted in Friedlander and Miller (2006), p. 252. 8611: 7143:The Last Testament: The Making of London Calling 7064:Rodel (2004), p. 237; Bennett (2001), pp. 49–50. 6660:(2014, dir. Scott Crawford) – DC punk bands and 6267:and bands from farther afield like Birmingham's 5541:Queercore band Pansy Division performing in 2016 5057:, Australia to London and changed their name to 3846:" "established punk's modus operandi". Producer 12869:Unterberger, Richie (2002). "British Punk", in 12609:Schmidt, Axel, and Klaus Neumann-Braun (2004). 11389:Colegrave, Stephen, and Chris Sullivan (2005). 11321:, 2nd ed. (Belmont, Calif.: Thomson Schirmer). 11265: 10436:"Punk Rock Politics Keep Trailing Bad Religion" 10130:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (September 23, 2011). 9786:"Television: Marquee Moon (remastered edition)" 9628:Namaste (2000), p. 87; Laing (1985), pp. 90–91. 9276:"The Romance of Junk: Heartbreaker Walter Lure" 7665:Wojcik (1995), pp. 16–19; Laing (1985), p. 109. 6623:Punk Rock Britannia Part 3 Post-Punk: 1978–1981 5095:Bad Brains at 9:30 Club, Washington, D.C., 1983 4618:Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols 4337:in 1976 under the name Panic. They developed a 3440:" in a song title and also directly influenced 3371:In Britain, largely under the influence of the 2796: 2440:that emerged in the mid-1970s. Rooted in 1950s 13101:"We Have to Deal With It: Punk England Report" 12439:Rip It Up and Start Again: Post Punk 1978–1984 12364:(New York: Rolling Stone Press/Summit Books). 11488:Rebels Wit Attitude: Subversive Rock Humorists 10308: 10306: 9087: 7746:Otto, Mark; Thornton, Jacob (April 15, 1971). 6771: 6658:Salad Days: A Decade of Punk in Washington, DC 6611:Punk Rock Britannia Part 1 Pre-Punk: 1972–1976 6010: 5628:In 1991, a concert of female-led bands at the 4756:with long-established genres. The Clash album 4440:on December 1, 1976, was the signal moment in 3549:, West Germany, where "punk before punk" band 2952:. The punk look was inspired to shock people. 2847:" attack, a style that stretches back through 15662: 14289: 13861: 13151: 12162:McGowan, Chris, and Ricardo Pessanha (1998). 12101: 11558:Friedlander, Paul, with Peter Miller (2006). 11054:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture 10453: 10451: 8963:", BBC.co.uk. Retrieved on November 19, 2006. 7750:. Bootstrap contributors. Alice Cooper eChive 6671:(1986, dir. W. T. Morgan) – Los Angeles band 6147:named itself PND, after the song's initials. 5738:, claimed that the car was "like punk rock". 4048:began practicing in the southeastern town of 3883:clothing store he co-owned, recently renamed 3145:In the liner notes of the 1972 anthology LP, 2871:due to the rapid succession of notes, making 2410: 12991:(Jackson: University Press of Mississippi). 12193: 11317:Campbell, Michael, with James Brody (2008). 11170:Bockris, Victor, and Roberta Bayley (1999). 11138:, ed. Deborah Pacini Hernandez (Pittsburgh: 10926:. About.com. Retrieved on December 16, 2006. 10801:Gimarc (1997), p. 175; Laing (1985), p. 112. 10445:, liveDaily. Retrieved on September 1, 2008. 10160:Friedlander and Miller (2006), pp. 256, 278. 10125: 10123: 9897: 9895: 9885: 9883: 9841:. Springer Nature Singapore. pp. 73–80. 9042:"Ex-Sex Pistol Wants No Future for Swearing" 7745: 7691: 7689: 7114:Jeffries, Stuart. "A Right Royal Knees-Up". 6903:Ramone, Tommy (January 2007). "Fight Club". 6553:The Damned: Don't You Wish That We Were Dead 6089:, in the late 1970s second-wave groups like 5481:released their eponymous debut studio album 4521:movement. Sham 69, London's Menace, and the 4325:, and the relocated Tupperwares, now dubbed 4239:, co-founder of the Saints, later recalled: 3715:drew on sources ranging from the Stooges to 3106:as "nicely wrought mainstream punk raunch". 2917: 2654:started noodling away. Soon you had endless 13028:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 12975:Amazing Journey: The Life of Pete Townshend 12599:(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press). 12479:There Goes Gravity: A Life in Rock and Roll 12150:The Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop 12075:Stranded: Rock and Roll for a Desert Island 11696:Music Scenes: Local, Translocal and Virtual 11391:Punk: The Definitive Record of a Revolution 11337:Stranded: Rock and Roll for a Desert Island 11109:. Anchor Books, a division of Random House. 11052:Anderson, Mark (2002). "Zunō keisatsu", in 10984: 10608: 10303: 10039: 9604:See, e.g., Spencer, Neil, and James Brown, 8759:Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock 'n' Roll 7518: 7275: 7273: 7140: 7099: 5999:became major stars in Australia with their 5121:, which prompted a live-broadcast riot and 4592:. In July, the Sex Pistols' third single, " 15669: 15655: 14296: 14282: 13868: 13854: 13158: 13144: 13097:1990 essay by rock critic A.S. Van Dorston 12781:St. Thomas, Kurt, with Troy Smith (2002). 12727:Pig City: From the Saints to Savage Garden 12655:, 4th ed., ed. Nathan Brackett (New York: 12392:(Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland). 12334:Present Tense: Rock & Roll and Culture 11753:, 4th ed., ed. Nathan Brackett (New York: 11714:The Clash: Return of the Last Gang in Town 11544:, 4th ed., ed. Nathan Brackett (New York: 11375:, 4th ed., ed. Nathan Brackett (New York: 11357:, 4th ed., ed. Nathan Brackett (New York: 10774: 10448: 9877:Blush (2001), pp. 16–17; Sabin (1999) p. 4 9701: 9698:, AllMusic. Retrieved on January 17, 2007. 9273: 8147: 7127:Washburne, Christopher, and Maiken Derno. 6617:Punk Rock Britannia Part 2 Punk: 1976–1978 6587:(2000, dir. Julien Temple) – Story of the 6291:, incorporating extremely fast tempos and 4723:artists began to separate themselves from 4537:phenomenon. Liverpool's first punk group, 3339:" is often cited as punk rock's defining " 3225:reviewed the second New York Dolls album, 2417: 2403: 2313:Definition of anarchism and libertarianism 12930:Punk on 45; Revolutions on Vinyl, 1976–79 12849:Hey Ho Let's Go: The Story of the Ramones 12322:(San Francisco and Edinburgh: AK Press). 12166:(Philadelphia: Temple University Press). 12134:McCaleb, Ian (1991). "Radio Birdman", in 11716:, 5th rev. ed. (London: Helter Skelter). 11525:Moon: The Life and Death of a Rock Legend 11405:"1988": the New Wave Punk Rock Explosion 11233:Boot, Adrian, and Chris Salewicz (1997). 11034:Andersen, Mark, and Mark Jenkins (2001). 10723:Bangs, Lester. "If Oi Were a Carpenter". 10550: 10410: 10408: 10406: 10286: 10120: 9997: 9976: 9904: 9892: 9880: 9110: 9009: 9007: 8665: 8369:"This Band Was Punk Before Punk Was Punk" 8071: 8069: 7992:"Iggy Pop: Still the 'godfather of punk'" 7826: 7786: 7686: 7435: 6992: 6955: 6859:"Punks Have Only Re 'scovered Rockabilly" 6376: 4748:cofounder Kevin Lycett: "a cross between 4267: 3307: 3078:In the March 1971 issue of Creem, critic 13089:Fales Library of NYU Downtown Collection 13073:) is being considered for deletion. See 13051:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 12963:(New York and London: Thunder's Mouth). 12711:Spitz, Marc, and Brendan Mullen (2001). 12473: 12442:. London and New York: Faber and Faber. 12435: 12152:(St Leonards, Aus.: Allen & Unwin). 11963:No LOGO: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies 11783:Punks: A Guide to an American Subculture 11301:German Cultural Studies: An Introduction 10990: 10804: 10768: 10262: 10198:Morgenstein, Mark (September 23, 2011). 9932: 9910: 9782:" by Stephen Thomas Erlewine, AllMusic; 9149: 9147: 8612:Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy (2007). 8424: 7695: 7623: 7621: 7270: 7255:Wells (2004), p. 41; Reed (2005), p. 47. 7233: 7231: 6925:"Punk Celebrates 30 Years of Subversion" 6522:(1984, dir. Adam Small, Peter Stuart) – 6312: 6191: 5872:, also established followings in Japan. 5827:and radio stations such as Los Angeles' 5721: 5698: 5630:International Pop Underground Convention 5616: 5536: 5458: 5344: 5318:style. Toward the middle of the decade, 5090: 4900: 4779: 4676: 4383: 3937: 3910: 3686: 3602: 3588: 3414:scene as "a prime example of the opaque 3205: 2927: 12890:(Portland, Oregon: Verse Chorus Press) 12320:The Philosophy of Punk: More Than Noise 12219: 12205:. New York: Little, Brown and Company. 11680:, ed. Goodlad and Bibby (Durham, N.C.: 11371:Catucci, Nick (2004b). "Green Day", in 11353:Catucci, Nick (2004a). "Blink-182", in 11107:Psychotic Reactions and Carburetor Dung 10457:Gold, Jonathan. "The Year Punk Broke." 9938: 9836: 9090:""Great Australian Albums " " 8511: 8509: 8267: 8176: 8114: 8033: 7832:Houghton, Mick, "White Punks on Coke", 7263: 7261: 6922: 6830: 6255:, developed the extreme style known as 3312: 3241:." In a 1974 interview for his fanzine 3110:used the term in the May 1971 issue of 14: 16133: 12944:Heavy Metal: The Music and Its Culture 12914:Walker, John (1991). "Television", in 12820: 12799: 12568: 12546: 12346:Pardo, Alona (2004). "Jamie Reid", in 12294:(Portland, Ore.: Verse Chorus Press). 12102:Marks, Ian D.; McIntyre, Iain (2010). 11886:Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge 11468:Dougan, John (2002). "X-Ray Spex", in 11172:Patti Smith: An Unauthorized Biography 10434:Fucoco, Christina (November 1, 2000), 10425:, RIAA. Retrieved on December 2, 2007. 10403: 10345: 9448:from the original on September 7, 2012 9350:Colegrave and Sullivan (2005), p. 225. 9192:from the original on September 5, 2017 9022:from the original on December 26, 2018 9004: 8853:from the original on December 24, 2019 8662:Pareles and Romanowski (1983), p. 249. 8590: 8560: 8479: 8443:from the original on November 12, 2006 8399: 8066: 8002:from the original on February 25, 2020 7802:from the original on September 3, 2016 7591: 7546:Young, Charles M. (October 20, 1977). 7471: 7469: 7155: 6902: 6856: 6447:did the same on the other side of the 5505:(1996), and their third studio album, 4818:, who emerged from the Rat in Boston; 4127:and related artists and bands such as 3436:was the first person to use the word " 2725:(DIY) spirit are prized in punk rock. 1365:Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA 15650: 14277: 13849: 13139: 12523: 12240:The Greatest Album Covers of All Time 12188:DIY, Alternative Cultures and Society 11990: 11201:(May 15, 2013). Bell, Eugenia (ed.). 11104: 11085: 10917:"The Buzzcocks, Founders of Pop Punk" 10840: 10779:. garry-bushell.co.uk. Archived from 10739: 10666: 10565:Blasengame, Bart. "Live: Blink-182". 10416:Searchable Database—Gold and Platinum 10312: 10206:from the original on November 2, 2013 10142:from the original on November 2, 2013 10132:"American Alternative Rock/Post-Punk" 9911:Callwood, Frank (December 18, 2017). 9711:Popular Music Genres: an Introduction 9606:"Why the Clash Are Still Rock Titans" 9533: 9442:"Reggae 1977: When The Two 7's Clash" 9381: 9144: 9123:from the original on October 11, 2007 9100:from the original on November 3, 2007 9013: 8995: 8880:See, e.g., Marcus (1989), pp. 37, 67. 8684:from the original on November 2, 2007 8366: 8360: 8215: 8203: 8191: 8102: 7925: 7820: 7627: 7618: 7490:from the original on October 22, 2007 7370: 7358: 7346: 7334: 7313: 7228: 7045: 6889: 6887: 6791:from the original on January 18, 2017 6556:(2015, dir. Wes Orshoski) – Story of 6123:is credited with labelling the genre 4881:Popular Music Genres: an Introduction 4871:, and the sui generis subversions of 4673:1979–1984: Schism and diversification 3581:evoked the live sound of the British 2910:" and the bluntness of the Ramones' " 15676: 15521:Rock music and the fall of communism 13019: 12843: 12651:Sinagra, Laura (2004). "Sum 41", in 12497:Bad Music: The Music We Love to Hate 12416: 12108:(1st ed.). Verse Chorus Press. 12043:Rotten: No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs 11829:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo) 11562:, 2nd ed. (Boulder, Co.: Westview). 10813: 10018:from the original on October 6, 2016 10003: 9274:Wengrofsky, Jeffrey (May 21, 2019). 8506: 8490: 8488: 8393: 8270:"Trans-World Punk Rave-Up, Vol. 1–2" 8246: 8054:from the original on August 19, 2020 7886:Atkinson, Terry, "Hits and Misses", 7871: 7696:Robinson, J.P. (November 30, 2019). 7521:"Electric Eels: Attendance Required" 7436:Christgau, Robert (April 14, 2021). 7258: 6923:McLaren, Malcolm (August 18, 2006). 6918: 6916: 6753:was certified gold in January 1996. 6499: 6451:. Other artists to fuse elements of 6271:, became the leading figures in the 6243:, founded back in 1977, established 5679:in 1994. Bikini Kill's lead singer, 5361:the early 1980s, British bands like 16161:Youth culture in the United Kingdom 12769:Pretty Vacant: A History of UK Punk 12419:Paul Weller: My Ever Changing Moods 10997:. Coffee Table Digital Publishing. 10991:Reid, Craig; Reid, Charles (2014). 10586:"Goings On About Town: Nightlife". 10358:from the original on March 17, 2018 10188:Quoted in St. Thomas (2004), p. 94. 9939:Burrows, Alex (February 10, 2021). 9761: 9559:(Flipsidezine.com article archive). 9286:from the original on April 22, 2020 8280:from the original on March 14, 2016 8218:Ray Davies: Not Like Everybody Else 8129:from the original on March 26, 2016 8037:Gimme Danger: The Story of Iggy Pop 7548:"Rock Is Sick and Living in London" 7466: 7454:from the original on April 17, 2021 7024:from the original on April 13, 2019 6564:The Decline of Western Civilization 5695:Punk revival and mainstream success 5419:As American alternative bands like 5334: 4766:with which they became identified. 4560:and new entrants to the scene like 4427: 3904:and tough". As described by critic 2964:and, in turn, British punk style. ( 24: 16166:Youth culture in the United States 13020:Wolf, Mary Montgomery (May 2008). 12829:. London and New York: Continuum. 11303:, ed. Burns (Oxford and New York: 10705:Quoted in Robb (2006), pp. 469–70. 9394:from the original on April 2, 2015 9088:Beaumont, Lucy (August 17, 2007). 8979:. December 9, 2004. Archived from 8640:Bockris and Bayley (1999), p. 119. 8524:Bockris and Bayley (1999), p. 102. 8034:Ambrose, Joe (November 11, 2009). 7823:, pp. 8, 56, 57, 61, 64, 101. 6884: 6320:of pop-punk band Screeching Weasel 6154:, many of them began to attract a 6028: 5621:Riot grrrl band Bratmobile in 1994 5499:, with their second studio album, 5310:who had a formative effect on the 4960:, formerly of X-Ray Spex, founded 4556:". Other first wave bands such as 4276: 4219:and the Oxford Tavern in Sydney's 3811: 3676:", featuring Television guitarist 3418:undertow at the heart of the best 2693:. Hippies kidded themselves about 2622: 25: 16242: 13875: 13755:Animal rights and punk subculture 13077:to help reach a consensus. › 13056: 12771:(Chicago: Chicago Review Press). 12653:The New Rolling Stone Album Guide 11947:(Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press). 11751:The New Rolling Stone Album Guide 11542:The New Rolling Stone Album Guide 11373:The New Rolling Stone Album Guide 11355:The New Rolling Stone Album Guide 10948:. PopMatters.com. June 11, 2002. 10657:Lamey and Robbins (1991), p. 230. 10621:from the original on May 23, 2013 10609:Aiese, Eric (February 27, 2001). 9859:. Retrieved on December 11, 2010. 9742:Reynolds (2005), pp. xxvii, xxix. 9382:Swash, Rosie (October 23, 2010). 9014:Macia, Peter (October 21, 2010). 8836:Savage (1992), pp. 124, 171, 172. 8503:Strongman (2008), pp. 53, 54, 56. 8485: 8430: 8381:from the original on July 1, 2017 8115:Pareles, Jon (January 25, 1997). 7478:"Richard Hell & the Voidoids" 6913: 6857:Palmer, Robert (April 23, 1978). 4273:local scenes in other countries. 4079:Some new bands, such as London's 3804: 2940:of the 1950s associated with the 2646:, "In its initial form, a lot of 16113: 16112: 15628: 15617: 15616: 12715:(New York: Three Rivers Press). 12122:from the original on May 7, 2021 11749:Gross, Joe (2004). "Rancid", in 11011:from the original on May 4, 2021 10964: 10955: 10938: 10929: 10909: 10900: 10881:. March 12, 2007. Archived from 10867: 10858: 10849: 10831: 10822: 10795: 10759: 10730: 10717: 10708: 10699: 10690: 10681: 10672: 10651: 10642: 10633: 10602: 10593: 10580: 10559: 10541: 10532: 10523: 10514: 10490: 10473: 10464: 10428: 10394: 10370: 10339: 10330: 10321: 10244: 10218: 10191: 10182: 10163: 10154: 10097: 10088: 10085:Goodlad and Bibby (2007), p. 16. 10079: 10070: 10061: 10052: 10030: 10004:Finn, Craig (October 27, 2011). 9969: 9960: 9871: 9862: 9845: 9830: 9821: 9812: 9803: 9783: 9754: 9745: 9736: 9727: 9689: 9680: 9667: 9658: 9649: 9640: 9631: 9622: 9598: 9589: 9580: 9571: 9562: 9542: 9509: 9500: 9487: 9478: 9469: 9460: 9433: 9424: 9415: 9406: 9375: 9366: 9353: 9344: 9335: 9326: 9317: 9308: 9305:Boot and Salewicz (1997), p. 99. 9299: 9267: 9258: 9249: 9240: 9231: 9222: 9213: 9204: 9172: 9156: 9135: 9081: 9072: 9060: 9051: 9034: 8966: 8946: 8910: 8901: 8892: 8883: 8874: 8865: 8839: 8830: 8821: 8818:Quoted in Savage (1992), p. 163. 8812: 8803: 8773: 8764: 8741: 8732: 8723: 8714: 8705: 8696: 8656: 8643: 8634: 8605: 8596: 8575: 8566: 8537:. Arista Records. Archived from 8527: 8518: 8497: 8412:from the original on May 8, 2018 7946:from the original on May 7, 2021 6831:Stegall, Tim (August 16, 2021). 6744: 6732: 6571:) – Early Los Angeles punk scene 6514:) – American hardcore punk scene 6473: 6072:Problems playing this file? See 6044: 5770:, run by Bad Religion guitarist 5330:1985–present: Legacy and revival 4843:, the sophisticated pop-rock of 4462:, self-released by Manchester's 3866:Problems playing this file? See 3827: 3598: 3593: 3553:formed in 1971, building on the 2385: 2375: 1400:International Conference of Rome 1390:International Conference of Rome 532: 15439:Progressive rock (radio format) 14197:List of hardcore punk subgenres 13740:List of punk compilation albums 12825:The A to X of Alternative Music 12625:Popular Music: The Key Concepts 12242:(London: Collins & Brown). 11560:Rock and Roll: A Social History 10502:Fertilized A Punk-Rock Revival" 10346:Loftus, Jamie (April 8, 2015). 10104:Goldberg, Michael, "Punk Lives" 9800:All retrieved January 15, 2007. 9246:Smith (2008), pp. 120, 238–239. 9169:. Retrieved on January 7, 2007. 8464: 8455: 8351: 8342: 8333: 8324: 8310: 8292: 8252: 8228: 8209: 8141: 8087: 8078: 8027: 8014: 7984: 7959: 7893: 7880: 7839: 7771: 7762: 7748:"Rolling Stone: April 15, 1971" 7739: 7730: 7721: 7712: 7677: 7668: 7659: 7609: 7600: 7570: 7539: 7523:. Cleveland.com. Archived from 7511: 7502: 7429: 7416: 7407: 7398: 7389: 7376: 7340: 7319: 7306: 7286: 7249: 7215: 7192: 7149: 7134: 7121: 7108: 7090: 7067: 7058: 6715: 6706: 6697: 6685: 6538:The Clash: Westway to the World 6181: 5196:in Southern California; D.C.'s 5160:with their rapid-paced single " 4952:(no longer "Rotten") cofounded 4641:In February 1977, EMI released 4568:interacted with the reggae and 3785:, whose core members were from 3651:to the staccato guitar work of 3607:Facade of legendary music club 3151:, musician and rock journalist 14303: 14254:(includes section on hardcore) 12977:(Louisville: Bad News Press). 12916:The Trouser Press Record Guide 12685:DIY: The Rise of Lo-Fi Culture 12673:(Westport, Conn.: Greenwood). 12136:The Trouser Press Record Guide 12011:The Trouser Press Record Guide 11572:Friskics-Warren, Bill (2005). 11339:, ed. Greil Marcus (New York: 11319:Rock and Roll: An Introduction 11140:University of Pittsburgh Press 10538:Diehl (2007), pp. 2, 145, 227. 9595:Quoted in Wells (2004), p. 21. 9412:Reynolds (2005), pp. 365, 378. 8367:Rubin, Mike (March 12, 2009). 7638:. pp. 5–6, 26–27, 37–39. 6986: 6949: 6896: 6850: 6824: 6803: 6287:that in the mid-1980s defined 5959:Take Off Your Pants and Jacket 4636: 4377:–inspired style, later dubbed 4303:Black Randy and the Metrosquad 3796:At this early stage, the term 2721:Technical accessibility and a 1512:Australian Anarchist Centenary 1437:German Revolution of 1918–1919 489:History of the punk subculture 13: 1: 13165: 13062: 12481:. New York: Riverhead Books. 11874:(Chicago: A Cappella Books). 11426:(New York: Thunder's Mouth). 11393:(New York: Thunder's Mouth). 9981:. Sing365.com. Archived from 9889:Andersen and Jenkins (2001). 9868:See Thompson (2000), p. viii. 9180:"A Report on the Sex Pistols" 9111:Gook, Ben (August 16, 2007). 7777:Gendron (2002), p. 348 n. 13. 6764: 6211:commune, and its independent 5933:", peaked at number 6 on the 5606: 5256:, Willful Neglect, Chicago's 4885:election of Margaret Thatcher 4787:performing in Toronto in 1977 4424:, appeared in November 1977. 4087:, Manchester's the Fall, and 4012:, while Sex store frontwoman 3996:. There were female bassists 3752:, with former New York Dolls 3659:. The band's bassist/singer, 3447: 3268:. As the scene at New York's 3025:used it with that meaning in 1699:Decentralized planned economy 12989:Punk and Neo-Tribal Body Art 12973:Wilkerson, Mark Ian (2006). 12406:(Emeryville, Calif.: Seal). 12388:Purcell, Natalie J. (2003). 12280:(Los Angeles: Feral House). 12259:(New York: Disinformation). 12220:Lemlich, Jeffrey M. (1992). 11860:(Westport, Conn.: Praeger). 11594:, 2nd ed. (New York: Seal). 11247:Buckley, Peter, ed. (2003). 9430:Reynolds (2005), pp. 170–72. 8898:Savage (1992), pp. 221, 247. 8847:"Sex Pistols Gig: The Truth" 8720:Unterberger (2002), p. 1337. 8672:Isler, Scott; Robbins, Ira. 8148:Avant-Mier, Roberto (2008). 7476:Isler, Scott; Robbins, Ira. 7131:. Routledge, 2004. Page 247. 5917:Pretty Fly (for a White Guy) 5532: 4890: 4669:on its own Trafalgar label. 4576:, centered on bands such as 4210: 3897:Saint Martin's School of Art 3557:tradition of groups such as 3381:All Day and All of the Night 3343:". After the success of the 3092:, he referred to a track by 3012: 2797:Musical and lyrical elements 925:Proletarian internationalism 7: 16186:Counterculture of the 1990s 16181:Counterculture of the 1980s 16176:Counterculture of the 1970s 15469:List of years in rock music 14192:List of hardcore punk bands 13745:List of punk rock festivals 12783:Nirvana: The Chosen Rejects 12554:. London: Faber and Faber. 12513:(San Francisco: Backbeat). 11980:(Otsego, Mich.: PageFree). 11945:I, Shithead: A Life in Punk 11811:Harrington, Joe S. (2002). 11700:Vanderbilt University Press 11610:University of Chicago Press 11527:(New York: HarperCollins). 11075:(New York: Little, Brown). 11072:Our Band Could Be Your Life 10855:Gosling (2004), pp. 169–70. 10590:. November 10, 2003, p. 24. 10336:Jackson (2005), pp. 261–62. 10250:Spencer (2005), pp. 279–89. 10200:"'Nevermind,' Never Again?" 10117:, July 18 – August 1, 1985. 10076:Laing (1985), pp. 118, 128. 9637:Gendron (2002), pp. 269–74. 9237:Heylin (2007), pp. 491–494. 9141:Stafford (2006), pp. 57–76. 8400:Sommer, Tim (May 8, 2018). 8084:Savage (1991), pp. 130–131. 7915:– via newspapers.com. 7901:"Detroit Press Ford review" 7890:, February 17, 1973, p. B6. 6751:... And Out Come the Wolves 6591:from the band's perspective 6466: 6302: 6011:Other influential subgenres 5898:The Offspring's 1998 album 5080: 5063:Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds 4769: 4363:Teenage Jesus and the Jerks 3850:layered multiple tracks of 2912:Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue 2851:to the 1950s recordings of 1447:1919 United States bombings 10: 16247: 15802:Christian alternative rock 15574:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 13699:Second wave punk musicians 12671:Encyclopedia of Indie Rock 12511:Inside Classic Rock Tracks 12461:Punk Rock: An Oral History 12023:Leblanc, Lauraine (1999). 11916:(New York: W. W. Norton). 11815:(Milwaukee: Hal Leonard). 11781:Hannon, Sharon M. (2009). 11624:Post Punk Diary, 1980–1982 11209:Metropolitan Museum of Art 11027: 10977:September 4, 2018, at the 10893:February 27, 2005, at the 10864:Purcell (2003), pp. 56–57. 10765:Robb (2006), pp. 469, 512. 10752:December 14, 2005, at the 10175:November 12, 2006, at the 9851:Potts, Adrian (May 2008), 9827:Harrington (2002), p. 388. 9363:. PM Press, 2015. p. 48-49 8618:Greenwood Publishing Group 8470:Unterberger (2000), p. 18. 8348:Harrington (2002), p. 538. 8234:Harrington (2002), p. 165. 7404:Laing (1985), pp. 81, 125. 6837:Alternative Press Magazine 6380: 6306: 6185: 6019: 5857:...And Out Come the Wolves 5610: 5544: 5462: 5338: 5084: 4894: 4773: 4655:united for a major gig at 4199:to be interviewed by host 4064:. On September 20–21, the 3748:more stripped-down sound, 3474:, the band, led by singer 3451: 3316: 3298:, and Ged Dunn's magazine 3163:July, 1972 performance at 3028:The Merry Wives of Windsor 2921: 2767:attitude summed up by the 2633: 2626: 2353:Situationist International 1657:Self-managed social center 1472:Spanish Revolution of 1936 32:Punk rock (disambiguation) 29: 16211:21st-century music genres 16206:20th-century music genres 16108: 16040: 15756: 15684: 15612: 15541: 15496:Electronics in rock music 15447: 15401: 15376: 15350: 15199: 15162:Hard rock and heavy metal 14955: 14887: 14822: 14815: 14765: 14689: 14656:Pub rock (United Kingdom) 14588: 14422: 14374: 14359: 14311: 14184: 14139: 14088: 14081: 13883: 13732: 13694:First wave punk musicians 13686: 13574: 13503: 13203: 13173: 13007:New York University Press 12942:Weinstein, Deena (2000). 12725:Stafford, Andrew (2006). 12687:(London: Marion Boyars). 12595:Shapiro, Fred R. (2006). 12421:. London: Omnibus Press. 11787:Santa Barbara, California 11604:Gendron, Bernard (2002). 11590:Gaar, Gillian G. (2002). 11540:(2004). "Bad Brains", in 11154:Ramones: An American Band 10922:February 4, 2012, at the 10507:January 10, 2008, at the 10441:October 15, 2009, at the 10383:December 5, 2007, at the 10288:2027/spo.0499697.0026.108 9751:Reynolds (2005), p. xxix. 9646:Strongman (2008), p. 134. 9611:November 9, 2007, at the 9586:Reynolds (2005), p. xvii. 9539:McFarlane (1999), p. 507. 9522:December 9, 2007, at the 9078:McFarlane (1999), p. 548. 8959:November 7, 2020, at the 8753:January 19, 2012, at the 8357:Bessman (1993), pp. 9–10. 8216:Kitts, Thomas M. (2007). 8093:Taylor (2003), pp. 16–17. 7299:December 3, 2010, at the 6576:D.O.A.: A Rite of Passage 6439:jumpstarted the American 5891:and the mall chain store 5508:The Battle of Los Angeles 5283:bands like Minor Threat, 5220:, and local acts such as 5027:Television's debut album 4942:Siouxsie and the Banshees 4736:and spun off an array of 4692:movement was emerging in 4408:, and the Heartbreakers' 4396:The Dead Boys' debut LP, 4388:The Misfits developed a " 4365:led what became known as 3986:Siouxsie and the Banshees 3623:movement centered on the 3387:released the mod anthem " 3213:, the "godfather of punk" 2918:Visual and other elements 2843:, have employed a wild, " 2731:independent record labels 1527:Really Really Free Market 1522:1999 Seattle WTO protests 990:Temporary autonomous zone 915:Permanent autonomous zone 850:Consensus decision-making 460: 455: 429: 424: 343: 338: 252: 247: 180: 175: 106: 98: 54: 46: 41: 16146:Culture of New York City 16085:Independent record label 15474:Origins of rock and roll 13075:templates for discussion 13045:Worley, Matthew (2017). 12767:Strongman, Phil (2008). 12669:Smith, Kerry L. (2008). 12641:. London: Rough Guides. 12613:(Wiesbaden: VS Verlag). 12463:(London: Elbury Press). 12436:Reynolds, Simon (2005). 11884:Heylin, Clinton (2007). 11870:Heylin, Clinton (1993). 10736:Berthier (2004), p. 246. 10577:. December 2000, p. 222. 10067:Weinstein (2000), p. 49. 9979:"Beastie Boys Biography" 9966:Blush (2001), pp. 12–21. 9733:Reynolds (2005), p. xxi. 9153:Reynolds (2005), p. 211. 8482:, pp. 86–90, 59–60. 8461:Anderson (2002), p. 588. 8258:Fletcher (2000), p. 497. 6998:"Consumer Guide '70s: S" 6678: 5904:, released by the major 5808:" reached number one on 5667:of Heavens to Betsy and 5484:Rage Against the Machine 5479:Rage Against the Machine 5465:Rage Against the Machine 4740:. Somewhere in between, 4623:The Boy Looked at Johnny 4436:' live TV skirmish with 3771:; the first single was " 3478:, created "the sound of 3046:on March 22, 1970, when 2713:Christgau's Record Guide 2456:themes. Punk embraces a 1754:Workers' self-management 1652:Radical environmentalism 1601:Independent Media Center 1517:Carnival Against Capital 1442:Bavarian Soviet Republic 1431:Manifesto of the Sixteen 830:Autonomous social center 15414:Adult album alternative 13001:Wojcik, Daniel (1997). 12987:Wojcik, Daniel (1995). 12900:Walker, Clinton (1996) 12800:Taylor, Steven (2003). 12597:Yale Book of Quotations 12509:Rooksby, Rikky (2001). 12304:Nobahkt, David (2004). 12290:Nichols, David (2003). 12148:McFarlane, Ian (1999). 11976:Knowles, Chris (2003). 11912:Jackson, Buzzy (2005). 11888:(New York: Canongate). 11767:Haenfler, Ross (2006). 11678:Goth: Undead Subculture 11640:Gimarc, George (2005). 11622:Gimarc, George (1997). 11578:Continuum International 11523:Fletcher, Tony (2000). 11440:(New York: Delacorte). 11422:Creswell, Toby (2006). 11403:Coon, Caroline (1977). 11305:Oxford University Press 11249:The Rough Guide to Rock 10946:"Blink 182 + Green Day" 10846:Gosling (2004), p. 170. 10639:Haenfler (2006), p. 12. 10599:Sinagra (2004), p. 791. 10470:Hebdige (1987), p. 111. 9686:Reynolds (2005), p. 79. 9497:. PM Press, 2015. p. 86 9466:Hebdige (1987), p. 107. 9210:Spitz and Mullen (2001) 8781:"Punk Music in Britain" 8535:"Patti Smith—Biography" 8304:www.austinchronicle.com 7718:Shapiro (2006), p. 492. 7674:Dickson (1982), p. 230. 7439:"Xgau Sez: April, 2021" 7283:. PM Press, 2015. p. 21 7225:. PM Press, 2015. p. 80 6427:were innovators in the 5840:Mighty Mighty Bosstones 4855:phenomenon typified by 4472:self-titled debut album 4193:London television show 4185:, filled a vacancy for 3980:, and — in the 1980s — 3895:on 6 November 1975, at 3735:'1–2–3–4!' bass-player 3067:as "that Stooge punk". 1694:Cost the limit of price 16221:Music of New York City 15506:Rock Against Communism 14905:Brazilian thrash metal 12821:Taylor, Steve (2004). 12701:(New York: Hyperion). 12637:Simpson, Paul (2003). 12318:O'Hara, Craig (1999). 12306:Suicide: No Compromise 12272:, with Don Bolles and 12183:McKay, George (2023). 12176:McKay, George (1996). 12087:Marcus, Greil (1989). 11926:James, Martin (2003). 11898:Home, Stewart (1996). 11712:Gray, Marcus (2005 ). 11576:(New York and London: 11436:Dickson, Paul (1982). 11204:PUNK: Chaos to Couture 11105:Bangs, Lester (2003). 10994:The Proclaimers Lyrics 10837:McKay 1996, chapter 3. 10687:Reynolds (2005), p. 1. 10529:Knowles (2003), p. 44. 10421:June 26, 2007, at the 10036:Leblanc (1999), p. 59. 9577:Savage (1992), p. 530. 9421:Savage (1991), p. 298. 9332:Savage (1992), p. 286. 9296:Retrieved May 12, 2020 8907:Heylin (1993), p. xii. 8849:. BBC. June 27, 2006. 8827:Savage (1992), p. 163. 8786:July 30, 2011, at the 8581:Bessman (1993), p. 27. 8494:Walker (1991), p. 662. 8330:Marcus (1979), p. 294. 8075:Savage (1991), p. 131. 8024:, May 7, 1974, p. C12. 7736:Nobahkt (2004), p. 38. 7683:Leblanc (1999), p. 35. 7628:Sklar, Monica (2013). 7615:Wojcik (1997), p. 122. 7597:Strohm (2004), p. 188. 7426:. PM Press, 2015. p. 7 7267:Shuker (2002), p. 159. 7105:Reynolds (2005), p. 4. 7096:Harris (2004), p. 202. 6584:The Filth and the Fury 6377:Fusions and directions 6321: 6200: 6033: 6015: 6001:self-titled 1998 debut 5862:self-titled 1996 album 5741:In 1993, California's 5730: 5719: 5622: 5542: 5530: 5357: 5322:spawned the superfast 5096: 4909: 4788: 4685: 4399:Young, Loud and Snotty 4393: 4392:" style in New Jersey. 4268:1977–1978: Second wave 4250: 4109:Eddie and the Hot Rods 4066:100 Club Punk Festival 3966:Lesser Free Trade Hall 3960:, which was joined by 3946: 3935: 3931:, in front of drummer 3923:flanked by guitarists 3816: 3787:Sacramento, California 3704: 3649:The Velvet Underground 3612: 3492:the Velvet Underground 3470:. According to critic 3308:1960s–1973: Precursors 3214: 2933: 2849:the Velvet Underground 2703: 2432:(also known as simply 1841:Bosnia and Herzegovina 930:Propaganda of the deed 920:Prefigurative politics 910:Participatory politics 855:Conscientious objector 15528:Rockism and poptimism 14988:British rock and roll 14018:Progressive metalcore 13835:Timeline of punk rock 13765:Death of Brian Deneke 13375:Progressive metalcore 12946:(New York: Da Capo). 12928:Walsh, Gavin (2006). 12739:Stark, James (2006). 12683:Spencer, Amy (2005). 12627:. London: Routledge. 12532:. London: Routledge. 12524:Sabin, Roger (1999). 12374:Porter, Dick (2007). 12046:(New York: Picador). 11966:(New York: Picador). 11930:(London: Sanctuary). 11856:Hess, Mickey (2007). 11846:(London: Routledge). 11825:Harris, John (2004). 11682:Duke University Press 11658:Glasper, Ian (2004). 11608:(Chicago and London: 11331:Carson, Tom (1979). " 11307:), pp. 257–324. 11237:(New York: Penguin). 11152:Bessman, Jim (1993). 10961:Porter (2007), p. 86. 10944:Di Bella, Christine. 10885:on December 18, 2007. 10828:Hardman (2007), p. 5. 10556:Spitz (2006), p. 144. 10520:Myers (2006), p. 120. 10400:Klein (2000), p. 300. 9798:on December 12, 2006. 9776:on November 10, 2007; 9675:"Stuck in the Future" 9664:Wojcik (1995), p. 22. 9655:Laing (1985), pp. 37. 9568:Laing (1985), p. 108. 9555:June 4, 2007, at the 9517:"Come the Revolution" 9475:Wells (2004), p. 114. 9314:Gimarc (2005), p. 102 9228:Stark (2006), passim. 9219:Chick (2009), passim. 9001:Pardo (2004), p. 245. 8974:"Anarchy in the U.K." 8515:Savage (1992), p. 89. 8339:Taylor (2003), p. 49. 8268:Unterberger, Richie. 7969:. Fall 1973. In this 7792:"Consumer Guide (20)" 7698:"The Story Of 'Punk'" 7636:Bloomsbury Publishing 7558:on September 14, 2006 7325:Palmer (1992), p. 37. 7170:10.1353/cul.2001.0040 6519:Another State of Mind 6316: 6195: 6032: 5759:Stranger Than Fiction 5725: 5702: 5620: 5611:Further information: 5545:Further information: 5540: 5520: 5459:Metal-rap-punk fusion 5453:Red Hot Chili Peppers 5348: 5094: 5061:, which evolved into 4904: 4814:from the CBGB scene; 4783: 4680: 4387: 4283:California punk scene 4241: 4227:were hiring Brisbane 4189:on the early evening 4168:punk visual aesthetic 3992:, and the all-female 3941: 3914: 3823:"Anarchy in the U.K." 3815: 3690: 3606: 3589:1974–1976: First wave 3540:Rocket from the Tombs 3209: 3116:, where he described 2944:scene and by British 2931: 2922:Further information: 2697:; punks pretend that 2687: 2662:, founding editor of 2343:Libertarian socialism 1507:Kate Sharpley Library 1482:Red inverted triangle 1425:High Treason Incident 1415:Congress of Amsterdam 1000:Voluntary association 810:Anti-authoritarianism 800:Anarchist criminology 795:Anarchist Black Cross 15963:New wave of new wave 15363:Sahara desert region 14651:Pub rock (Australia) 13661:Scottish Gaelic punk 12904:(Sydney: Macmillan) 12697:Spitz, Marc (2006). 12659:), pp. 791–92. 12623:Shuker, Roy (2002). 12569:Savage, Jon (1992). 12402:Raha, Maria (2005). 11991:Laing, Dave (1985). 11702:), pp. 168–83. 11486:Ellis, Iain (2008). 11450:Diehl, Matt (2007). 11379:), pp. 347–48. 11176:Simon & Schuster 11142:), pp. 241–60. 10935:Myers (2006), p. 52. 10819:Wells (2004), p. 35. 10810:Robb (2006), p. 511. 10714:Robb (2006), p. 470. 10696:Robb (2006), p. 469. 10648:Hess (2007), p. 165. 10547:Diehl (2003), p. 72. 10327:Raha (2005), p. 154. 10170:"Kurt Donald Cobain" 10109:May 6, 2008, at the 9484:Gaar (2002), p. 200. 9264:Gimarc (2005), p. 92 9255:Gimarc (2005), p. 86 9188:. October 20, 1977. 8738:Marcus (1989), p. 8. 8729:Gimarc (2005), p. 41 8572:Gimarc (2005), p. 14 7926:Laing, Dave (2015). 7790:(October 14, 1971). 7395:Laing (1985), p. 31. 7294:"The Thrill Is Gone" 7141:Kosmo Vinyl (2004). 7083:' in-house fanzine, 7046:Laing, Dave (2015). 7008:Ticknor & Fields 6668:X: The Unheard Music 6637:The Punk Rock Singer 6285:Extreme Noise Terror 6221:Flux of Pink Indians 6156:white power skinhead 5984:All Killer No Filler 5931:All the Small Things 5708:Billie Joe Armstrong 4822:in Los Angeles; and 4734:underground cultures 4684:, performing in 1984 4657:Paddington Town Hall 4609:Oh Bondage Up Yours! 4499:Stiff Little Fingers 4453:Damned Damned Damned 4149:the Alex Harvey Band 3709:Forest Hills, Queens 3401:13th Floor Elevators 3397:the Austin Chronicle 3313:Garage rock and beat 3290:magazine with using 3276:called the movement 3238:Exile on Main Street 3118:? and the Mysterians 2958:safety-pin aesthetic 2884:Career Opportunities 2839:, lead guitarist of 2477:Iggy and the Stooges 2226:Fictional characters 1647:Radical cheerleading 30:For other uses, see 16216:Music of California 16151:Musical subcultures 16048:Alternative Airplay 16018:Neue Deutsche Härte 15876:Paisley Underground 15768:Alternative country 15554:List of rock genres 15516:Rock Against Sexism 15511:Rock Against Racism 15419:Album-oriented rock 13703:List of punk bands 12417:Reed, John (2005). 12077:(New York: Knopf). 11978:Clash City Showdown 11902:(Hove, UK: Codex). 11548:), pp. 34–35. 11409:Orbach and Chambers 10047:"A History of Punk" 10045:Van Dorston, A.S., 9901:Blush (2001), p. 17 9780:Marquee Moon Review 9506:McFaarlane, p. 547. 8983:on October 12, 2007 8793:New Musical Express 8711:Walsh (2006), p. 8. 8541:on November 3, 2007 8406:The Washington Post 7998:. January 8, 2017. 7527:on January 23, 2012 6974:on October 20, 2019 6937:on January 15, 2020 6893:Robb (2006), p. xi. 6630:The Punk Rock Movie 6455:into punk included 6383:Punk rock subgenres 6324:With their love of 6054:The title track of 5834:Following the lead 5634:Olympia, Washington 5308:Suicidal Tendencies 5275:Holiday in Cambodia 5118:Saturday Night Live 4694:Southern California 4613:Holidays in the Sun 4160:Anarchy in the U.K. 4060:, with lead singer 4010:the Nipple Erectors 3844:Anarchy in the U.K. 3619:and an early 1970s 3530:and by Cleveland's 3502:. The New York duo 3466:, premiered with a 3165:King's Cross Cinema 3034:Measure for Measure 3023:William Shakespeare 2992:'s bondage gear to 2892:Anarchy in the U.K. 2759:in 1977", declared 2674:Simon and Garfunkel 2519:in London, and the 2333:Left-libertarianism 1629:No gods, no masters 1457:Kronstadt rebellion 1395:Trial of the Thirty 1360:Revolutions of 1848 27:Genre of rock music 13906:Christian hardcore 13829:List of punk films 13724:Women in punk rock 13247:Christian hardcore 13036:10.17615/e26e-6m88 12932:(London: Plexus). 12787:St. Martin's Press 12579:St. Martin's Press 12378:(London: Plexus). 11737:St. Martin's Press 11628:St. Martin's Press 11538:Frere-Jones, Sasha 11490:(Berkeley, Calif: 11456:St. Martin's Press 11158:St. Martin's Press 10970:Hendrickson, Tad. 10378:"Eye of the Tiger" 10315:The Chicago Reader 9280:Trebuchet Magazine 8593:, pp. 132–33. 8374:The New York Times 8122:The New York Times 7905:Detroit Free Press 7853:. October 25, 2021 7851:peterstanfield.com 7361:, pp. 118–19. 6966:The New York Times 6863:The New York Times 6494:Women in punk rock 6322: 6201: 6034: 5922:Enema of the State 5817:Modern Rock Tracks 5731: 5720: 5663:Singer-guitarists 5623: 5553:God Is My Co-Pilot 5543: 5358: 5304:Venice, California 5172:, San Francisco's 5097: 5059:the Birthday Party 4910: 4908:performing in 1986 4789: 4686: 4554:Police and Thieves 4480:God Save the Queen 4394: 4175:Bromley Contingent 4044:. Farther afield, 3947: 3945:performing in 1980 3936: 3817: 3705: 3643:. At its core was 3625:Mercer Arts Center 3613: 3349:the Rolling Stones 3243:Heavy Metal Digest 3233:the Rolling Stones 3215: 3188:Detroit Free Press 2934: 2896:God Save the Queen 2757:the Rolling Stones 2529:styles of clothing 2499:in New York City; 2485:the New York Dolls 2462:independent labels 2454:anti-authoritarian 2450:anti-establishment 2283:Anti-globalization 2216:Anarcho-punk bands 1901:Dominican Republic 1641:Property is theft! 1607:The Internationale 1561:Anarchist bookfair 1487:Labadie Collection 1477:Barcelona May Days 1380:Cantonal rebellion 707:Without adjectives 566:Schools of thought 474:list of bands, L–Z 469:list of bands, 0–K 16231:Rock music genres 16156:Anarchist culture 16128: 16127: 16075:Independent music 16036: 16035: 16005:Alternative metal 15978:Post-punk revival 15912:Latin alternative 15780:Alternative dance 15644: 15643: 15569:Progressive music 15397: 15396: 14835:Palm Desert Scene 14811: 14810: 14485:Experimental rock 14382:Instrumental rock 14271: 14270: 14217:Hardcore skinhead 14180: 14179: 13976:Melodic metalcore 13896:Beatdown hardcore 13843: 13842: 13760:Conservative Punk 13687:People and groups 13370:Melodic metalcore 13313:Beatdown hardcore 13113:, January 9, 1978 13110:The Village Voice 13095:A History of Punk 12862:978-1-8444-9413-2 12836:978-0-8264-8217-4 12813:978-0-8195-6668-3 12679:978-0-313-34119-9 12647:978-1-84353-229-3 12588:978-0-312-08774-6 12561:978-0-312-28822-8 12539:978-0-415-17030-7 12449:978-0-571-21569-0 12428:978-1-84449-491-0 12115:978-1-891241-28-4 12066:978-0-275-98925-5 12002:978-0-335-15065-6 11799:978-0-313-36456-3 11654:978-0-8793-0848-3 11644:. San Francisco: 11636:978-0-312-16968-8 11218:978-0-300-19185-1 10745:Fleischer, Tzvi. 10727:. April 27, 1982. 10498:"How Green Day's 10232:. August 31, 2016 9721:978-0-7486-1745-6 8748:"The Sex Pistols" 8627:978-0-313-33847-2 8602:Bowe 2010, p. 52. 8563:, pp. 90–91. 8320:. March 22, 2016. 8047:978-0-8571-2031-1 8040:. Omnibus Press. 8022:Los Angeles Times 7888:Los Angeles Times 7796:The Village Voice 7788:Christgau, Robert 7519:Weldon, Michael. 7444:And It Don't Stop 7202:, July 12, 2002; 7158:Cultural Critique 6994:Christgau, Robert 6957:Christgau, Robert 6569:Penelope Spheeris 6545:) – Story of the 6524:Social Distortion 6507:American Hardcore 6500:Suggested viewing 6481:Rock music portal 6166:Strength Thru Oi! 6049: 5868:and pop-punk act 5823:" followed suit. 5821:Come Out and Play 5669:Carrie Brownstein 5579:, and bands like 5210:New York hardcore 5067:Little Band scene 4978:Captain Beefheart 4934:Throbbing Gristle 4607:". X-Ray Spex's " 4246:chord progression 4223:suburb. By 1976, 4191:Thames Television 4018:Adam and the Ants 4016:not only managed 3833: 3750:the Heartbreakers 3682:Max's Kansas City 3629:Greenwich Village 3508:the Modern Lovers 3468:self-titled album 3377:You Really Got Me 3266:Bruce Springsteen 3258:Patti Smith Group 3228:Too Much Too Soon 3219:Los Angeles Times 3178:Los Angeles Times 3136:Shadows of Knight 3084:Shadows of Knight 2974:Vivienne Westwood 2807:verse-chorus form 2601:Social Distortion 2427: 2426: 2363:Spontaneous order 2293:Anti-war movement 2236:Jewish anarchists 1635:Popular education 1355:French Revolution 980:Spontaneous order 840:Classless society 765: 764: 723:Counter-economics 511: 510: 479:list of festivals 55:Stylistic origins 16:(Redirected from 16238: 16171:1960s neologisms 16116: 16115: 16001: 16000: 15905:Industrial metal 15678:Alternative rock 15671: 15664: 15657: 15648: 15647: 15632: 15620: 15619: 15489:Rhythm and blues 15464:British Invasion 14820: 14819: 14697:Alternative rock 14636:Post-progressive 14545:Psychedelic rock 14540:Progressive rock 14372: 14371: 14368: 14362:decade of origin 14298: 14291: 14284: 14275: 14274: 14172:Washington, D.C. 14086: 14085: 13971:Melodic hardcore 13941:Digital hardcore 13911:Crossover thrash 13870: 13863: 13856: 13847: 13846: 13733:Related articles 13511:Alternative rock 13333:Melodic hardcore 13323:Digital hardcore 13318:Crossover thrash 13160: 13153: 13146: 13137: 13136: 13105:Robert Christgau 13042: 12888:Inner City Sound 12866: 12840: 12828: 12817: 12592: 12576: 12565: 12543: 12531: 12492: 12453: 12432: 12235: 12231:978-978-0-942960 12216: 12131: 12129: 12127: 12006: 11757:), p. 677. 11664:Cherry Red Books 11492:Soft Skull Press 11333:Rocket to Russia 11296: 11230: 11189:Bolton, Andrew; 11132: 11110: 11101: 11067:Azerrad, Michael 11040:Soft Skull Press 11021: 11020: 11018: 11016: 10988: 10982: 10968: 10962: 10959: 10953: 10942: 10936: 10933: 10927: 10913: 10907: 10904: 10898: 10886: 10871: 10865: 10862: 10856: 10853: 10847: 10844: 10838: 10835: 10829: 10826: 10820: 10817: 10811: 10808: 10802: 10799: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10783:on July 31, 2008 10775:Bushell, Garry. 10772: 10766: 10763: 10757: 10747:"Sounds of Hate" 10743: 10737: 10734: 10728: 10721: 10715: 10712: 10706: 10703: 10697: 10694: 10688: 10685: 10679: 10676: 10670: 10664: 10658: 10655: 10649: 10646: 10640: 10637: 10631: 10630: 10628: 10626: 10606: 10600: 10597: 10591: 10584: 10578: 10563: 10557: 10554: 10548: 10545: 10539: 10536: 10530: 10527: 10521: 10518: 10512: 10494: 10488: 10477: 10471: 10468: 10462: 10461:. November 1994. 10455: 10446: 10432: 10426: 10412: 10401: 10398: 10392: 10376:McGowen, Brice. 10374: 10368: 10367: 10365: 10363: 10343: 10337: 10334: 10328: 10325: 10319: 10318: 10310: 10301: 10300: 10290: 10266:Feminist Studies 10260: 10251: 10248: 10242: 10241: 10239: 10237: 10222: 10216: 10215: 10213: 10211: 10195: 10189: 10186: 10180: 10167: 10161: 10158: 10152: 10151: 10149: 10147: 10127: 10118: 10101: 10095: 10092: 10086: 10083: 10077: 10074: 10068: 10065: 10059: 10058:Haenfler (2006) 10056: 10050: 10043: 10037: 10034: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10023: 10001: 9995: 9994: 9992: 9990: 9973: 9967: 9964: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9936: 9930: 9929: 9927: 9925: 9908: 9902: 9899: 9890: 9887: 9878: 9875: 9869: 9866: 9860: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9834: 9828: 9825: 9819: 9816: 9810: 9807: 9801: 9799: 9794:. Archived from 9777: 9772:. 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March 30, 1973 7897: 7891: 7884: 7878: 7877: 7869: 7863: 7862: 7860: 7858: 7843: 7837: 7836:. December 1975. 7830: 7824: 7818: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7784: 7778: 7775: 7769: 7766: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7743: 7737: 7734: 7728: 7725: 7719: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7693: 7684: 7681: 7675: 7672: 7666: 7663: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7625: 7616: 7613: 7607: 7604: 7598: 7595: 7589: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7554:. Archived from 7543: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7515: 7509: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7473: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7441: 7433: 7427: 7420: 7414: 7411: 7405: 7402: 7396: 7393: 7387: 7380: 7374: 7368: 7362: 7356: 7350: 7349:, pp. 61–63 7344: 7338: 7332: 7326: 7323: 7317: 7310: 7304: 7290: 7284: 7277: 7268: 7265: 7256: 7253: 7247: 7235: 7226: 7219: 7213: 7209:Rock's Backpages 7196: 7190: 7189: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7138: 7132: 7125: 7119: 7118:. July 20, 2007. 7112: 7106: 7103: 7097: 7094: 7088: 7071: 7065: 7062: 7056: 7055: 7043: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6970:. Archived from 6953: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6933:. Archived from 6920: 6911: 6910: 6900: 6894: 6891: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6828: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6775: 6758: 6748: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6719: 6713: 6710: 6704: 6701: 6695: 6692:Robert Christgau 6689: 6662:Dischord Records 6483: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6393:the Flesh Eaters 6095:Angelic Upstarts 6051: 6050: 6040:"Punks Not Dead" 6031: 5914: 5881: 5814: 5658:Mr. Lady Records 5646:Heavens to Betsy 5528: 5493:Zack de la Rocha 5394:alternative rock 5372:the Replacements 5341:Alternative rock 5335:Alternative rock 5316:crossover thrash 5101:screaming vocals 5075:alternative rock 5051:Mission of Burma 4954:Public Image Ltd 4938:Cabaret Voltaire 4887:in spring 1979. 4605:Complete Control 4598:This Perfect Day 4523:Angelic Upstarts 4447:The Evening News 4421:Rocket to Russia 4405:Blank Generation 4107:and pub rockers 3842:' debut single " 3835: 3834: 3814: 3734: 3725:Herman's Hermits 3621:underground rock 3512:Jonathan Richman 3458:In August 1969, 3412:psychedelic rock 3393:psychedelic rock 3345:British Invasion 3323:mod (subculture) 3262:Bay City Rollers 3123:Who Put the Bomp 3103:Love It to Death 3082:wrote about the 2908:Blank Generation 2717: 2708:Robert Christgau 2678:Robert Christgau 2589:alternative rock 2419: 2412: 2405: 2389: 2381:Anarchism portal 2379: 2273:Anti-consumerism 2268:Anti-corporatism 1744:Social ownership 1729:Market socialism 1704:Free association 1613:Jewish anarchism 1555:A las Barricadas 1467:Amakasu Incident 1410:Strandza Commune 1385:Haymarket affair 1005:Workers' council 995:Union of egoists 955:Security culture 865:Decentralization 860:Critique of work 598:Total liberation 572: 571: 536: 513: 512: 113:Alternative rock 107:Derivative forms 99:Cultural origins 39: 38: 21: 16246: 16245: 16241: 16240: 16239: 16237: 16236: 16235: 16131: 16130: 16129: 16124: 16104: 16032: 15999: 15934:Neo-psychedelia 15900:Industrial rock 15759: 15752: 15680: 15675: 15645: 15640: 15608: 15537: 15457: 15443: 15429:Mainstream rock 15393: 15372: 15346: 15195: 14951: 14883: 14816:Regional scenes 14807: 14761: 14685: 14626:Industrial rock 14584: 14480:Electronic rock 14418: 14366: 14365:(sub-subgenres 14364: 14363: 14361: 14355: 14334:Electric guitar 14307: 14302: 14272: 14267: 14252:Punk subculture 14242:Punk ideologies 14176: 14135: 14082:Regional scenes 14077: 13879: 13874: 13844: 13839: 13805:Punk literature 13800:Punk visual art 13795:Punk ideologies 13785:Punk subculture 13728: 13719:Punk filmmakers 13682: 13570: 13499: 13468:Punk pathetique 13205: 13199: 13169: 13164: 13078: 13059: 13054: 12884:Walker, Clinton 12863: 12837: 12814: 12589: 12562: 12540: 12489: 12450: 12429: 12308:(London: SAF). 12292:The Go-Betweens 12270:Mullen, Brendan 12232: 12213: 12199:McCain, Gillian 12125: 12123: 12116: 12003: 11791:Greenwood Press 11727:Greenwald, Andy 11361:), p. 85. 11293: 11267:Burchill, Julie 11219: 11130: 11115:Guitar Cultures 11098: 11030: 11025: 11024: 11014: 11012: 11005: 10989: 10985: 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Vol. 2. 8610: 8606: 8601: 8597: 8589: 8585: 8580: 8576: 8571: 8567: 8559: 8555: 8544: 8542: 8533: 8532: 8528: 8523: 8519: 8514: 8507: 8502: 8498: 8493: 8486: 8478: 8474: 8469: 8465: 8460: 8456: 8446: 8444: 8431:Neate, Wilson. 8429: 8425: 8415: 8413: 8398: 8394: 8384: 8382: 8365: 8361: 8356: 8352: 8347: 8343: 8338: 8334: 8329: 8325: 8316: 8315: 8311: 8298: 8297: 8293: 8283: 8281: 8266: 8262: 8257: 8253: 8245: 8238: 8233: 8229: 8214: 8210: 8202: 8198: 8190: 8183: 8179:, pp. 2–3. 8175: 8171: 8164: 8146: 8142: 8132: 8130: 8113: 8109: 8101: 8097: 8092: 8088: 8083: 8079: 8074: 8067: 8057: 8055: 8048: 8032: 8028: 8019: 8015: 8005: 8003: 7990: 7989: 7985: 7964: 7960: 7949: 7947: 7940: 7924: 7920: 7910: 7908: 7899: 7898: 7894: 7885: 7881: 7870: 7866: 7856: 7854: 7845: 7844: 7840: 7831: 7827: 7819: 7815: 7805: 7803: 7785: 7781: 7776: 7772: 7767: 7763: 7753: 7751: 7744: 7740: 7735: 7731: 7726: 7722: 7717: 7713: 7703: 7701: 7694: 7687: 7682: 7678: 7673: 7669: 7664: 7660: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7626: 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6311: 6305: 6190: 6184: 6091:Cockney Rejects 6079: 6078: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6066: 6065: 6052: 6045: 6042: 6035: 6029: 6024: 6018: 6013: 5950:Backstreet Boys 5915:first single, " 5912: 5879: 5812: 5787:Punk in Drublic 5710:, with bassist 5697: 5615: 5609: 5597:gender identity 5593:sexual identity 5549: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5467: 5461: 5343: 5337: 5332: 5204:; and Austin's 5131:Harley Flanagan 5089: 5083: 4962:Essential Logic 4928:, and London's 4899: 4893: 4804:French New Wave 4778: 4772: 4675: 4645:' debut album, 4639: 4430: 4279: 4270: 4213: 4145:Mott The Hoople 3877:Malcolm McLaren 3873: 3872: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3836: 3828: 3825: 3818: 3812: 3807: 3754:Johnny Thunders 3732: 3641:Lower Manhattan 3601: 3596: 3591: 3456: 3450: 3434:Lower East Side 3431:New York City's 3329: 3315: 3310: 3043:Chicago Tribune 3015: 2968:of Cleveland's 2962:Malcolm McLaren 2926: 2920: 2799: 2719: 2705: 2636: 2631: 2629:Punk subculture 2625: 2623:Characteristics 2525:punk subculture 2423: 2391:Politics portal 2368: 2367: 2323:Labour movement 2263: 2262: 2251: 2250: 2211: 2210: 2201: 2200: 1771: 1770: 1759: 1758: 1679: 1678: 1667: 1666: 1581:Escuela Moderna 1549: 1548: 1537: 1536: 1532:Occupy movement 1405:Ferrer movement 1350: 1349: 1338: 1337: 1298: 1297: 1286: 1285: 1021: 1020: 1009: 1008: 935:Refusal of work 820:Anti-militarism 815:Anti-capitalism 786: 785: 767: 766: 733:Insurrectionary 569: 568: 494:punk subculture 339:Regional scenes 236: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16244: 16234: 16233: 16228: 16223: 16218: 16213: 16208: 16203: 16201:1990s in music 16198: 16196:1980s in music 16193: 16191:1970s in music 16188: 16183: 16178: 16173: 16168: 16163: 16158: 16153: 16148: 16143: 16126: 16125: 16123: 16122: 16109: 16106: 16105: 16103: 16102: 16100:Outsider music 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16060: 16055: 16050: 16044: 16042: 16041:Related topics 16038: 16037: 16034: 16033: 16031: 16030: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16009: 16007: 15998: 15997: 15992: 15991: 15990: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15959: 15958: 15957: 15956: 15951: 15941: 15931: 15926: 15925: 15924: 15914: 15909: 15908: 15907: 15897: 15896: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15879: 15878: 15873: 15863: 15853: 15852: 15851: 15841: 15836: 15835: 15834: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15799: 15794: 15793: 15792: 15782: 15777: 15776: 15775: 15773:Gothic country 15764: 15762: 15754: 15753: 15751: 15750: 15749: 15748: 15747: 15746: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15720: 15719: 15714: 15704: 15694: 15688: 15686: 15682: 15681: 15674: 15673: 15666: 15659: 15651: 15642: 15641: 15639: 15638: 15626: 15613: 15610: 15609: 15607: 15606: 15601: 15599:Wagnerian rock 15596: 15591: 15586: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15566: 15564:Outlaw country 15561: 15556: 15551: 15545: 15543: 15539: 15538: 15536: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15524: 15523: 15518: 15513: 15508: 15501:Social effects 15498: 15493: 15492: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15471: 15466: 15460: 15458: 15456: 15455: 15452: 15448: 15445: 15444: 15442: 15441: 15436: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15405: 15403: 15399: 15398: 15395: 15394: 15392: 15391: 15386: 15380: 15378: 15374: 15373: 15371: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15354: 15352: 15348: 15347: 15345: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15323: 15322: 15312: 15307: 15306: 15305: 15295: 15290: 15289: 15288: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15262: 15261: 15256: 15246: 15245: 15244: 15234: 15229: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15203: 15201: 15197: 15196: 15194: 15193: 15192: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15174:Neo-rockabilly 15171: 15170: 15169: 15159: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15076: 15071: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15051: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15035: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15014: 15009: 15004: 15003: 15002: 15001: 15000: 14990: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14959: 14957: 14953: 14952: 14950: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14918: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14897: 14891: 14889: 14885: 14884: 14882: 14881: 14876: 14875: 14874: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14838: 14837: 14826: 14824: 14817: 14813: 14812: 14809: 14808: 14806: 14805: 14800: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14769: 14767: 14763: 14762: 14760: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14693: 14691: 14687: 14686: 14684: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14621:Heartland rock 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14592: 14590: 14586: 14585: 14583: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14512: 14507: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14465:Christian rock 14462: 14457: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14432: 14430:Anatolian rock 14426: 14424: 14420: 14419: 14417: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14405: 14404: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14378: 14376: 14369: 14357: 14356: 14354: 14353: 14352: 14351: 14346: 14344:Rhythm section 14341: 14336: 14326: 14321: 14315: 14313: 14309: 14308: 14301: 14300: 14293: 14286: 14278: 14269: 14268: 14266: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14194: 14188: 14186: 14182: 14181: 14178: 14177: 14175: 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14143: 14141: 14137: 14136: 14134: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14092: 14090: 14083: 14079: 14078: 14076: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14009: 14008: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13891:Bandana thrash 13887: 13885: 13881: 13880: 13873: 13872: 13865: 13858: 13850: 13841: 13840: 13838: 13837: 13832: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13736: 13734: 13730: 13729: 13727: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13715: 13714: 13709: 13701: 13696: 13690: 13688: 13684: 13683: 13681: 13680: 13675: 13665: 13664: 13663: 13658: 13651:United Kingdom 13648: 13647: 13646: 13641: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13605: 13604: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13578: 13576: 13572: 13571: 13569: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13507: 13505: 13504:Related genres 13501: 13500: 13498: 13497: 13492: 13487: 13482: 13481: 13480: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13444: 13443: 13438: 13428: 13427: 13426: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13400: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13378: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13361: 13360: 13355: 13345: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13305: 13300: 13299: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13278: 13277: 13276: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13250: 13249: 13242:Christian punk 13239: 13238: 13237: 13227: 13226: 13225: 13220: 13209: 13207: 13204:Subgenres and 13201: 13200: 13198: 13197: 13196: 13195: 13194: 13193: 13177: 13175: 13171: 13170: 13163: 13162: 13155: 13148: 13140: 13134: 13133: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13098: 13092: 13086: 13058: 13057:External links 13055: 13053: 13052: 13043: 13017: 12999: 12985: 12971: 12954: 12940: 12926: 12912: 12898: 12881: 12867: 12861: 12841: 12835: 12818: 12812: 12797: 12779: 12765: 12751: 12737: 12723: 12709: 12695: 12681: 12667: 12657:Fireside Books 12649: 12635: 12621: 12607: 12593: 12587: 12566: 12560: 12544: 12538: 12521: 12507: 12493: 12488:978-1594487149 12487: 12475:Robinson, Lisa 12471: 12454: 12448: 12433: 12427: 12414: 12400: 12386: 12372: 12358: 12344: 12330: 12316: 12302: 12288: 12267: 12250: 12236: 12230: 12217: 12212:978-0316881470 12211: 12191: 12181: 12174: 12160: 12146: 12132: 12114: 12099: 12085: 12073:, ed. (1979). 12068: 12054: 12035: 12021: 12007: 12001: 11988: 11974: 11955: 11938: 11924: 11910: 11896: 11882: 11868: 11854: 11837: 11823: 11809: 11801: 11779: 11765: 11755:Fireside Books 11747: 11724: 11710: 11692: 11674: 11656: 11646:Backbeat Books 11638: 11620: 11602: 11588: 11570: 11556: 11546:Fireside Books 11535: 11521: 11511:Backbeat Books 11503: 11484: 11474:Backbeat Books 11466: 11448: 11434: 11420: 11401: 11387: 11377:Fireside Books 11369: 11359:Fireside Books 11351: 11329: 11315: 11297: 11291: 11263: 11245: 11231: 11217: 11186: 11168: 11150: 11125: 11111: 11102: 11096: 11083: 11064: 11050: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11023: 11022: 11003: 10983: 10963: 10954: 10937: 10928: 10915:Cooper, Ryan. 10908: 10899: 10866: 10857: 10848: 10839: 10830: 10821: 10812: 10803: 10794: 10767: 10758: 10738: 10729: 10716: 10707: 10698: 10689: 10680: 10671: 10659: 10650: 10641: 10632: 10601: 10592: 10588:The New Yorker 10579: 10558: 10549: 10540: 10531: 10522: 10513: 10489: 10472: 10463: 10447: 10427: 10402: 10393: 10369: 10338: 10329: 10320: 10302: 10273:(1): 141–170. 10252: 10243: 10217: 10190: 10181: 10162: 10153: 10119: 10096: 10087: 10078: 10069: 10060: 10051: 10038: 10029: 9996: 9985:on May 4, 2006 9968: 9959: 9931: 9903: 9891: 9879: 9870: 9861: 9853:"Big and Ugly" 9844: 9829: 9820: 9811: 9802: 9784:Felt, Hunter. 9753: 9744: 9735: 9726: 9720: 9700: 9688: 9679: 9673:Schild, Matt, 9666: 9657: 9648: 9639: 9630: 9621: 9597: 9588: 9579: 9570: 9561: 9541: 9532: 9508: 9499: 9486: 9477: 9468: 9459: 9432: 9423: 9414: 9405: 9374: 9365: 9352: 9343: 9334: 9325: 9316: 9307: 9298: 9266: 9257: 9248: 9239: 9230: 9221: 9212: 9203: 9171: 9155: 9143: 9134: 9080: 9071: 9069:(1996), p. 20. 9059: 9050: 9033: 9003: 8994: 8965: 8945: 8909: 8900: 8891: 8882: 8873: 8864: 8838: 8829: 8820: 8811: 8802: 8772: 8763: 8740: 8731: 8722: 8713: 8704: 8695: 8664: 8655: 8642: 8633: 8626: 8604: 8595: 8583: 8574: 8565: 8553: 8526: 8517: 8505: 8496: 8484: 8472: 8463: 8454: 8423: 8392: 8359: 8350: 8341: 8332: 8323: 8309: 8291: 8260: 8251: 8236: 8227: 8208: 8206:, p. 101. 8196: 8194:, p. 159. 8181: 8169: 8163:978-1441164483 8162: 8156:. p. 99. 8140: 8107: 8105:, p. 157. 8095: 8086: 8077: 8065: 8046: 8026: 8013: 7983: 7975:the Other Half 7958: 7938: 7918: 7892: 7879: 7864: 7838: 7825: 7813: 7779: 7770: 7761: 7738: 7729: 7720: 7711: 7685: 7676: 7667: 7658: 7644: 7617: 7608: 7599: 7590: 7569: 7538: 7510: 7501: 7465: 7428: 7415: 7406: 7397: 7388: 7375: 7363: 7351: 7339: 7327: 7318: 7305: 7292:Chong, Kevin, 7285: 7269: 7257: 7248: 7227: 7214: 7191: 7148: 7133: 7120: 7107: 7098: 7089: 7081:the Stranglers 7066: 7057: 7035: 7017:978-0899190266 7016: 6985: 6948: 6912: 6895: 6883: 6849: 6823: 6802: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6743: 6731: 6723:Pete Townshend 6714: 6705: 6696: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6664: 6655: 6645:Kathleen Hanna 6634: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6608: 6592: 6580: 6572: 6560: 6549: 6534: 6530:on tour, also 6515: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6485: 6484: 6468: 6465: 6437:Violent Femmes 6431:fusion style. 6378: 6375: 6362:Brett Gurewitz 6338:the Undertones 6326:the Beach Boys 6307:Main article: 6304: 6301: 6186:Main article: 6183: 6180: 6107:Simon Reynolds 6069: 6061:Punks Not Dead 6053: 6043: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6027: 6026: 6025: 6020:Main article: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 5997:the Living End 5971:The New Yorker 5946:Britney Spears 5875:Green Day and 5772:Brett Gurewitz 5762:was certified 5736:Subaru Impreza 5696: 5693: 5681:Kathleen Hanna 5677:Sleater-Kinney 5608: 5605: 5581:Nervous Gender 5557:Pansy Division 5534: 5531: 5527:Tim Commerford 5524: 5516:Tim Commerford 5460: 5457: 5339:Main article: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5230:Agnostic Front 5218:Adrenalin O.D. 5202:State of Alert 5085:Main article: 5082: 5079: 5071:Dead Can Dance 5065:. Melbourne's 4895:Main article: 4892: 4889: 4845:Elvis Costello 4776:New wave music 4774:Main article: 4771: 4768: 4759:London Calling 4674: 4671: 4648:(I'm) Stranded 4638: 4635: 4627:Julie Burchill 4459:Spiral Scratch 4429: 4428:United Kingdom 4426: 4355:Negative Trend 4278: 4275: 4269: 4266: 4262:(I'm) Stranded 4233:Petrie Terrace 4212: 4209: 4183:Steven Severin 4179:Siouxsie Sioux 4113:the Stranglers 4083:, Edinburgh's 4062:Pauline Murray 4034:the Stranglers 4026:Alternative TV 4006:Shanne Bradley 3950:Bernard Rhodes 3863: 3837: 3826: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3805:United Kingdom 3803: 3773:Blitzkrieg Bop 3737:Dee Dee Ramone 3721:the Beach Boys 3695:performing in 3639:club, also in 3633:New York Dolls 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3496:New York Dolls 3452:Main article: 3449: 3446: 3409:Houston, Texas 3399:described the 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3282:John Holmstrom 3247:Danny Sugerman 3223:Robert Hilburn 3014: 3011: 2990:Siouxsie Sioux 2919: 2916: 2811:time signature 2798: 2795: 2723:do it yourself 2686: 2660:John Holmstrom 2635: 2632: 2624: 2621: 2483:in the UK and 2425: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2414: 2407: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2383: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2338:Libertarianism 2335: 2330: 2328:Left communism 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2264: 2260:Related topics 2258: 2257: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2212: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2176:United Kingdom 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1891:Czech Republic 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1724:Labour voucher 1721: 1719:Give-away shop 1716: 1711: 1709:General strike 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1637: 1632: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1462:Makhnovshchina 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1375:Hague Congress 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1299: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1121:González Prada 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1022: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 965:Social ecology 962: 960:Self-ownership 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 890:Horizontalidad 887: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 845:Class struggle 842: 837: 832: 827: 825:Affinity group 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 787: 784: 783: 780: 774: 773: 772: 769: 768: 763: 762: 761: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 717: 716: 712: 711: 710: 709: 704: 703: 702: 701: 700: 690: 689: 688: 673: 672: 671: 666: 656: 651: 650: 649: 644: 634: 629: 628: 627: 622: 617: 612: 602: 601: 600: 595: 593:Social ecology 590: 580: 570: 564: 563: 562: 559: 558: 557: 556: 551: 546: 538: 537: 529: 528: 522: 521: 509: 508: 507: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 458: 457: 453: 452: 451: 450: 445: 440: 435: 427: 426: 422: 421: 420: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 352:Basque Country 349: 341: 340: 336: 335: 334: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 250: 249: 245: 244: 243: 242: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 178: 177: 173: 172: 171: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 94: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 56: 52: 51: 48: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16243: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16138: 16136: 16121: 16120: 16111: 16110: 16107: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16065: 16061: 16059: 16056: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16046: 16045: 16043: 16039: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16010: 16008: 16006: 16002: 15996: 15993: 15989: 15986: 15985: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15946: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15936: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15923: 15920: 15919: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15910: 15906: 15903: 15902: 15901: 15898: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15871:Dunedin Sound 15869: 15868: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15858: 15857: 15854: 15850: 15847: 15846: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15833: 15830: 15829: 15828: 15825: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15791: 15788: 15787: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15774: 15771: 15770: 15769: 15766: 15765: 15763: 15761: 15760:fusion genres 15755: 15745: 15742: 15741: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15712:Post-hardcore 15710: 15709: 15708: 15707:Hardcore punk 15705: 15703: 15700: 15699: 15698: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15689: 15687: 15683: 15679: 15672: 15667: 15665: 15660: 15658: 15653: 15652: 15649: 15637: 15636: 15631: 15627: 15625: 15624: 15615: 15614: 15611: 15605: 15604:Wall of Sound 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15584:Rock festival 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15546: 15544: 15540: 15534: 15533:Women in rock 15531: 15529: 15526: 15522: 15519: 15517: 15514: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15503: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15479:Country music 15477: 15476: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15461: 15459: 15453: 15450: 15449: 15446: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15406: 15404: 15402:Radio formats 15400: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15381: 15379: 15375: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15355: 15353: 15349: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15321: 15318: 15317: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15304: 15301: 15300: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15287: 15284: 15283: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15251: 15250: 15247: 15243: 15240: 15239: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15227: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15204: 15202: 15198: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15168: 15167:Extreme metal 15165: 15164: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15154: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15019: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 14999: 14996: 14995: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14985: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14960: 14958: 14954: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14902: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14892: 14890: 14888:South America 14886: 14880: 14877: 14873: 14870: 14869: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14836: 14833: 14832: 14831: 14828: 14827: 14825: 14823:North America 14821: 14818: 14814: 14804: 14801: 14799: 14796: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14770: 14768: 14764: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14694: 14692: 14688: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14593: 14591: 14587: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14570:Southern rock 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14490:Flamenco rock 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14427: 14425: 14421: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14403: 14400: 14399: 14398: 14397:Rock and roll 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14379: 14377: 14373: 14370: 14367:not included) 14358: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14339:Electric bass 14337: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14320: 14317: 14316: 14314: 14310: 14306: 14299: 14294: 14292: 14287: 14285: 14280: 14279: 14276: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14258:Straight edge 14256: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14189: 14187: 14183: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14144: 14142: 14140:United States 14138: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14093: 14091: 14089:International 14087: 14084: 14080: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14013:Powerviolence 14011: 14007: 14004: 14003: 14002: 14001:Post-hardcore 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13946:Electronicore 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13888: 13886: 13882: 13878: 13877:Hardcore punk 13871: 13866: 13864: 13859: 13857: 13852: 13851: 13848: 13836: 13833: 13830: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13820:Straight edge 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13737: 13735: 13731: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13691: 13689: 13685: 13679: 13676: 13673: 13669: 13668:United States 13666: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13653: 13652: 13649: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13636: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13603: 13602:List of bands 13600: 13599: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13579: 13577: 13573: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13508: 13506: 13502: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13479: 13476: 13475: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13448:Post-hardcore 13446: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13433: 13432: 13429: 13425: 13422: 13421: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13350: 13349: 13348:Electronicore 13346: 13344: 13341: 13340: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13310: 13309: 13308:Hardcore punk 13306: 13304: 13301: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13283: 13282: 13279: 13275: 13272: 13271: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13248: 13245: 13244: 13243: 13240: 13236: 13233: 13232: 13231: 13228: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13215: 13214: 13211: 13210: 13208: 13206:fusion genres 13202: 13192: 13189: 13188: 13187: 13184: 13183: 13182: 13179: 13178: 13176: 13172: 13168: 13161: 13156: 13154: 13149: 13147: 13142: 13141: 13138: 13131: 13130:Fanzine, 1984 13129: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13112: 13111: 13106: 13102: 13099: 13096: 13093: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13081: 13076: 13072: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13060: 13050: 13049: 13044: 13041: 13037: 13033: 13029: 13025: 13024: 13018: 13016: 13015:0-8147-9283-9 13012: 13008: 13004: 13000: 12998: 12997:0-87805-735-8 12994: 12990: 12986: 12984: 12983:1-4116-7700-5 12980: 12976: 12972: 12970: 12969:1-56025-573-0 12966: 12962: 12958: 12957:Wells, Steven 12955: 12953: 12952:0-306-80970-2 12949: 12945: 12941: 12939: 12938:0-85965-370-6 12935: 12931: 12927: 12925: 12924:0-02-036361-3 12921: 12917: 12913: 12911: 12910:0 7329 0883 3 12907: 12903: 12899: 12897: 12896:1-891241-18-4 12893: 12889: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12879:0-87930-653-X 12876: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12858: 12854: 12853:Omnibus Press 12850: 12846: 12845:True, Everett 12842: 12838: 12832: 12827: 12826: 12819: 12815: 12809: 12805: 12804: 12798: 12796: 12795:0-312-20663-1 12792: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12778: 12777:1-55652-752-7 12774: 12770: 12766: 12764: 12763:0-8018-7862-4 12760: 12756: 12752: 12750: 12749:1-889307-14-9 12746: 12742: 12738: 12736: 12735:0-7022-3561-X 12732: 12728: 12724: 12722: 12721:0-609-80774-9 12718: 12714: 12710: 12708: 12707:1-4013-0274-2 12704: 12700: 12696: 12694: 12693:0-7145-3105-7 12690: 12686: 12682: 12680: 12676: 12672: 12668: 12666: 12665:0-7432-0169-8 12662: 12658: 12654: 12650: 12648: 12644: 12640: 12636: 12634: 12633:0-415-28425-2 12630: 12626: 12622: 12620: 12619:3-531-14353-0 12616: 12612: 12608: 12606: 12605:0-300-10798-6 12602: 12598: 12594: 12590: 12584: 12580: 12575: 12574: 12567: 12563: 12557: 12553: 12549: 12545: 12541: 12535: 12530: 12529: 12522: 12520: 12519:0-87930-654-8 12516: 12512: 12508: 12506: 12505:0-415-94365-5 12502: 12498: 12494: 12490: 12484: 12480: 12476: 12472: 12470: 12469:0-09-190511-7 12466: 12462: 12458: 12455: 12451: 12445: 12441: 12440: 12434: 12430: 12424: 12420: 12415: 12413: 12412:1-58005-116-2 12409: 12405: 12401: 12399: 12398:0-7864-1585-1 12395: 12391: 12387: 12385: 12384:0-85965-398-6 12381: 12377: 12373: 12371: 12370:0-671-44071-3 12367: 12363: 12359: 12357: 12356:0-300-10684-X 12353: 12349: 12345: 12343: 12342:0-8223-1265-4 12339: 12335: 12331: 12329: 12328:1-873176-16-3 12325: 12321: 12317: 12315: 12314:0-946719-71-3 12311: 12307: 12303: 12301: 12300:1-891241-16-8 12297: 12293: 12289: 12287: 12286:0-922915-70-9 12283: 12279: 12275: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12265:1-932857-32-X 12262: 12258: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12248:1-84340-301-3 12245: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12227: 12223: 12218: 12214: 12208: 12204: 12200: 12196: 12192: 12189: 12186: 12182: 12179: 12175: 12173: 12172:1-56639-545-3 12169: 12165: 12161: 12159: 12158:1-86508-072-1 12155: 12151: 12147: 12145: 12144:0-02-036361-3 12141: 12137: 12133: 12121: 12117: 12111: 12107: 12106: 12100: 12098: 12097:0-674-53581-2 12094: 12090: 12086: 12084: 12083:0-394-73827-6 12080: 12076: 12072: 12071:Marcus, Greil 12069: 12067: 12063: 12059: 12055: 12053: 12052:0-312-11883-X 12049: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12033:0-8135-2651-5 12030: 12026: 12022: 12020: 12019:0-02-036361-3 12016: 12012: 12008: 12004: 11998: 11994: 11989: 11987: 11986:1-58961-138-1 11983: 11979: 11975: 11973: 11972:0-312-20343-8 11969: 11965: 11964: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11953:1-55152-148-2 11950: 11946: 11942: 11941:Keithley, Joe 11939: 11937: 11936:1-86074-449-4 11933: 11929: 11925: 11923: 11922:0-393-05936-7 11919: 11915: 11911: 11909: 11908:1-899598-01-4 11905: 11901: 11897: 11895: 11894:1-84195-879-4 11891: 11887: 11883: 11881: 11880:1-55652-575-3 11877: 11873: 11869: 11867: 11866:0-275-99461-9 11863: 11859: 11855: 11853: 11852:0-415-05875-9 11849: 11845: 11841: 11840:Hebdige, Dick 11838: 11836: 11835:0-306-81367-X 11832: 11828: 11824: 11822: 11821:0-634-02861-8 11818: 11814: 11810: 11807: 11802: 11800: 11796: 11792: 11788: 11784: 11780: 11778: 11777:0-8135-3852-1 11774: 11770: 11766: 11764: 11763:0-7432-0169-8 11760: 11756: 11752: 11748: 11746: 11745:0-312-30863-9 11742: 11738: 11734: 11733: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11722:1-905139-10-1 11719: 11715: 11711: 11709: 11708:0-8265-1450-2 11705: 11701: 11697: 11693: 11691: 11690:0-8223-3921-8 11687: 11683: 11679: 11675: 11673: 11672:1-901447-24-3 11669: 11665: 11661: 11657: 11655: 11651: 11647: 11643: 11639: 11637: 11633: 11629: 11625: 11621: 11619: 11618:0-226-28735-1 11615: 11611: 11607: 11603: 11601: 11600:1-58005-078-6 11597: 11593: 11589: 11587: 11586:0-8264-1700-0 11583: 11579: 11575: 11571: 11569: 11568:0-8133-4306-2 11565: 11561: 11557: 11555: 11554:0-7432-0169-8 11551: 11547: 11543: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11533:0-380-78827-6 11530: 11526: 11522: 11520: 11519:0-87930-653-X 11516: 11512: 11508: 11504: 11501: 11500:1-59376-206-2 11497: 11493: 11489: 11485: 11483: 11482:0-87930-653-X 11479: 11475: 11471: 11467: 11465: 11464:0-312-33781-7 11461: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11447: 11446:0-440-09606-5 11443: 11439: 11435: 11433: 11432:1-56025-915-9 11429: 11425: 11421: 11418: 11417:0-8015-6129-9 11414: 11410: 11406: 11402: 11400: 11399:1-56025-769-5 11396: 11392: 11388: 11386: 11385:0-7432-0169-8 11382: 11378: 11374: 11370: 11368: 11367:0-7432-0169-8 11364: 11360: 11356: 11352: 11350: 11349:0-394-73827-6 11346: 11342: 11338: 11334: 11330: 11328: 11327:0-534-64295-0 11324: 11320: 11316: 11314: 11313:0-19-871503-X 11310: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11292:0-86104-030-9 11288: 11284: 11280: 11276: 11272: 11271:Parsons, Tony 11268: 11264: 11262: 11261:1-84353-105-4 11258: 11254: 11250: 11246: 11244: 11243:0-14-026098-6 11240: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11224: 11220: 11214: 11210: 11206: 11205: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11191:Hell, Richard 11187: 11185: 11184:0-684-82363-2 11181: 11177: 11173: 11169: 11167: 11166:0-312-09369-1 11163: 11159: 11155: 11151: 11149: 11148:0-8229-4226-7 11145: 11141: 11137: 11133: 11126: 11124: 11123:1-85973-434-0 11120: 11116: 11112: 11108: 11103: 11099: 11097:9780394739380 11093: 11089: 11084: 11082: 11081:0-316-78753-1 11078: 11074: 11073: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11062:0-415-14344-6 11059: 11055: 11051: 11049: 11048:1-887128-49-2 11045: 11041: 11037: 11033: 11032: 11010: 11006: 11004:9780993117794 11000: 10996: 10995: 10987: 10980: 10976: 10973: 10967: 10958: 10951: 10947: 10941: 10932: 10925: 10921: 10918: 10912: 10903: 10896: 10892: 10889: 10884: 10880: 10876: 10870: 10861: 10852: 10843: 10834: 10825: 10816: 10807: 10798: 10782: 10778: 10771: 10762: 10755: 10751: 10748: 10742: 10733: 10726: 10725:Village Voice 10720: 10711: 10702: 10693: 10684: 10675: 10668: 10663: 10654: 10645: 10636: 10620: 10616: 10612: 10605: 10596: 10589: 10583: 10576: 10572: 10568: 10562: 10553: 10544: 10535: 10526: 10517: 10510: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10493: 10486: 10482: 10476: 10467: 10460: 10454: 10452: 10444: 10440: 10437: 10431: 10424: 10420: 10417: 10411: 10409: 10407: 10397: 10390: 10386: 10382: 10379: 10373: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10342: 10333: 10324: 10316: 10309: 10307: 10298: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10268: 10267: 10259: 10257: 10247: 10231: 10227: 10221: 10205: 10201: 10194: 10185: 10178: 10174: 10171: 10166: 10157: 10141: 10137: 10133: 10126: 10124: 10116: 10115:Rolling Stone 10112: 10108: 10105: 10100: 10091: 10082: 10073: 10064: 10055: 10048: 10042: 10033: 10017: 10013: 10012: 10007: 10000: 9984: 9980: 9972: 9963: 9948: 9947: 9942: 9935: 9920: 9919: 9914: 9907: 9898: 9896: 9886: 9884: 9874: 9865: 9858: 9854: 9848: 9840: 9833: 9824: 9815: 9806: 9797: 9793: 9792: 9787: 9781: 9775: 9771: 9770: 9765: 9757: 9748: 9739: 9730: 9723: 9717: 9714:, Routledge, 9713: 9712: 9704: 9697: 9692: 9683: 9676: 9670: 9661: 9652: 9643: 9634: 9625: 9618: 9614: 9610: 9607: 9601: 9592: 9583: 9574: 9565: 9558: 9554: 9551: 9545: 9536: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9518: 9512: 9503: 9496: 9493:Laing, Dave. 9490: 9481: 9472: 9463: 9447: 9443: 9436: 9427: 9418: 9409: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9378: 9369: 9362: 9359:Laing, Dave. 9356: 9347: 9338: 9329: 9320: 9311: 9302: 9285: 9281: 9277: 9270: 9261: 9252: 9243: 9234: 9225: 9216: 9207: 9196:September 10, 9191: 9187: 9186: 9185:Rolling Stone 9181: 9175: 9168: 9164: 9159: 9150: 9148: 9138: 9127:September 22, 9122: 9118: 9114: 9104:September 22, 9099: 9095: 9091: 9084: 9075: 9068: 9063: 9054: 9047: 9043: 9037: 9026:September 21, 9021: 9018:. The Fader. 9017: 9010: 9008: 8998: 8982: 8978: 8977:Rolling Stone 8975: 8969: 8962: 8958: 8955: 8949: 8941: 8935: 8919: 8913: 8904: 8895: 8886: 8877: 8868: 8852: 8848: 8842: 8833: 8824: 8815: 8806: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8789: 8785: 8782: 8776: 8767: 8760: 8756: 8752: 8749: 8744: 8735: 8726: 8717: 8708: 8699: 8683: 8679: 8678:Trouser Press 8675: 8668: 8659: 8652: 8646: 8637: 8629: 8623: 8619: 8615: 8608: 8599: 8592: 8587: 8578: 8569: 8562: 8557: 8540: 8536: 8530: 8521: 8512: 8510: 8500: 8491: 8489: 8481: 8476: 8467: 8458: 8442: 8438: 8437:Trouser Press 8434: 8427: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8396: 8380: 8376: 8375: 8370: 8363: 8354: 8345: 8336: 8327: 8319: 8313: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8264: 8255: 8249:, p. 49. 8248: 8243: 8241: 8231: 8224:. p. 41. 8223: 8219: 8212: 8205: 8200: 8193: 8188: 8186: 8178: 8173: 8165: 8159: 8155: 8151: 8144: 8128: 8124: 8123: 8118: 8111: 8104: 8099: 8090: 8081: 8072: 8070: 8058:September 10, 8053: 8049: 8043: 8039: 8038: 8030: 8023: 8017: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7987: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7971:punk magazine 7968: 7967:punk magazine 7962: 7945: 7941: 7939:9781629630335 7935: 7931: 7930: 7922: 7906: 7902: 7896: 7889: 7883: 7876:. p. 68. 7875: 7874:Rolling Stone 7868: 7852: 7848: 7842: 7835: 7829: 7822: 7817: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7783: 7774: 7765: 7749: 7742: 7733: 7724: 7715: 7699: 7692: 7690: 7680: 7671: 7662: 7647: 7645:9781472557339 7641: 7637: 7633: 7632: 7624: 7622: 7612: 7603: 7594: 7587: 7586:9780822350996 7583: 7579: 7573: 7557: 7553: 7552:Rolling Stone 7549: 7542: 7526: 7522: 7514: 7505: 7489: 7485: 7484: 7483:Trouser Press 7479: 7472: 7470: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7440: 7432: 7425: 7422:Laing, Dave. 7419: 7410: 7401: 7392: 7385: 7379: 7373:, p. 53. 7372: 7367: 7360: 7355: 7348: 7343: 7337:, p. 62. 7336: 7331: 7322: 7315: 7309: 7302: 7298: 7295: 7289: 7282: 7279:Laing, Dave. 7276: 7274: 7264: 7262: 7252: 7245: 7244: 7239: 7238:Blush, Steven 7234: 7232: 7224: 7221:Laing, Dave. 7218: 7212:, March 2002. 7211: 7210: 7205: 7201: 7195: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7152: 7145:. Sony Music. 7144: 7137: 7130: 7124: 7117: 7111: 7102: 7093: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7077: 7076:Sniffin' Glue 7070: 7061: 7054:. p. 18. 7053: 7049: 7042: 7040: 7023: 7019: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7004: 6999: 6995: 6989: 6973: 6969: 6967: 6962: 6958: 6952: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6926: 6919: 6917: 6908: 6907: 6899: 6890: 6888: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6853: 6838: 6834: 6827: 6812: 6806: 6790: 6786: 6785: 6780: 6774: 6770: 6756: 6752: 6747: 6741: 6735: 6728: 6724: 6718: 6709: 6700: 6693: 6688: 6684: 6674: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6641:Sini Anderson 6638: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6621: 6618: 6615: 6612: 6609: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6597: 6593: 6590: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6539: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6528:Youth Brigade 6525: 6521: 6520: 6516: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6471: 6464: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6443:scene, while 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6389:popular music 6384: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6360:, founded by 6359: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6330:bubblegum pop 6327: 6319: 6315: 6310: 6300: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6265:the Exploited 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6237: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6213:Crass Records 6210: 6206: 6198: 6194: 6189: 6179: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6153: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6137: 6133: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6121:Garry Bushell 6118: 6117: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6099:the Exploited 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6075: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6056:the Exploited 6041: 6023: 6008: 6004: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5973: 5972: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5960: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5944:acts such as 5943: 5939: 5937: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5923: 5918: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5878: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5866:Frenzal Rhomb 5863: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5832: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5802:the Offspring 5799: 5798: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5753: 5748: 5744: 5739: 5737: 5728: 5724: 5717: 5716:United States 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5619: 5614: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5585:the Screamers 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5565:Sister George 5562: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5539: 5523: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5510: 5509: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5497:Billboard 200 5494: 5490: 5489:revolutionary 5486: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5475:hip hop music 5472: 5466: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5417: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5390:Grateful Dead 5386: 5385: 5384:Rolling Stone 5379: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5364: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5342: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5281:Straight edge 5278: 5276: 5271: 5268:, and D.C.'s 5267: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5174:Dead Kennedys 5171: 5167: 5166:Austin, Texas 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5093: 5088: 5087:Hardcore punk 5078: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4930:the Raincoats 4927: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4898: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4812:Talking Heads 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4796: 4786: 4782: 4777: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4730: 4726: 4725:hardcore punk 4722: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4703: 4702:Orange County 4699: 4695: 4691: 4690:hardcore punk 4688:By 1979, the 4683: 4679: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4666:Radios Appear 4662: 4658: 4654: 4653:Radio Birdman 4650: 4649: 4644: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4601: 4599: 4595: 4594:Pretty Vacant 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4527:South Shields 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4505:, Scotland's 4504: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4460: 4455: 4454: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4416:Chinese Rocks 4413: 4412: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4400: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4343:Redondo Beach 4340: 4339:hardcore punk 4336: 4335:Hermosa Beach 4332: 4328: 4327:the Screamers 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4277:North America 4274: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4258:Cheap Nasties 4255: 4249: 4247: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4217:Radio Birdman 4208: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4097:the Vibrators 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3956:, who became 3955: 3951: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3917:Johnny Rotten 3913: 3909: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3889:Johnny Rotten 3886: 3882: 3878: 3871: 3869: 3857: 3856:Johnny Rotten 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3824: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3657:Wilko Johnson 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3617:trash culture 3610: 3605: 3599:New York City 3594:North America 3586: 3584: 3583:Pretty Things 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3532:Electric Eels 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3389:My Generation 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3305: 3303: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3278:"Street rock" 3275: 3274:Hilly Kristal 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3217:In May 1974, 3212: 3208: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3197:punk magazine 3194: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3169:Rolling Stone 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3094:the Guess Who 3091: 3090: 3089:Rolling Stone 3085: 3081: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3020: 3010: 3008: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2978:Johnny Rotten 2975: 2971: 2970:Electric Eels 2967: 2966:John D Morton 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2930: 2925: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2873:fingerpicking 2870: 2866: 2862: 2861:the Minutemen 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2735:Stiff Records 2732: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2630: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2609:the Offspring 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2557:the Exploited 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2537:hardcore punk 2532: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2442:rock and roll 2439: 2435: 2431: 2420: 2415: 2413: 2408: 2406: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2205: 2204: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2181:United States 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1941:French Guiana 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1739:Mutual credit 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1684:Communization 1682: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1452:Biennio Rosso 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1370:Paris Commune 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1303:Animal rights 1301: 1300: 1296: 1290: 1289: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1012: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 895:Individualism 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 876: 875:Direct action 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 781: 779: 776: 775: 771: 770: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 720: 719: 718: 714: 713: 708: 705: 699: 696: 695: 694: 691: 687: 684: 683: 682: 679: 678: 677: 674: 670: 667: 665: 662: 661: 660: 657: 655: 652: 648: 645: 643: 640: 639: 638: 635: 633: 630: 626: 625:Philosophical 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 607: 606: 605:Individualist 603: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 585: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 574: 573: 567: 561: 560: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 540: 539: 535: 531: 530: 527: 524: 523: 519: 515: 514: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 461: 459: 454: 449: 448:New York City 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 430: 428: 423: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 344: 342: 337: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 251: 248:Fusion genres 246: 240: 239:complete list 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 214:post-hardcore 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 194:hardcore punk 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 181: 179: 174: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 110: 109: 105: 101: 97: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 72: 71:rock and roll 69: 67: 64: 62: 59: 58: 57: 53: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 16117: 16095:Lollapalooza 16070:Campus radio 16062: 15995:Slacker rock 15812:Dark cabaret 15807:College rock 15790:Post-Britpop 15696: 15633: 15621: 15589:Rock musical 15579:Rock concert 15424:Classic rock 15153:Yugoslavian 14998:Post-Britpop 14879:Puerto Rican 14872:Chicano rock 14752:Slacker rock 14660: 14475:Country rock 14440:Baroque rock 14246: 14185:Other topics 14068:Thrash metal 14048:Sludge metal 13991:Nintendocore 13815:Puntala-rock 13790:Punk fashion 13561:Thrash metal 13358:Nintendocore 13213:Anarcho-punk 13166: 13127: 13108: 13068: 13047: 13039: 13022: 13002: 12988: 12974: 12960: 12943: 12929: 12915: 12901: 12887: 12886:(1982/2004) 12870: 12848: 12824: 12802: 12782: 12768: 12754: 12740: 12726: 12712: 12698: 12684: 12670: 12652: 12638: 12624: 12610: 12596: 12577:. New York: 12572: 12551: 12527: 12510: 12496: 12478: 12460: 12438: 12418: 12403: 12389: 12375: 12361: 12347: 12333: 12319: 12305: 12291: 12277: 12274:Adam Parfrey 12256: 12239: 12221: 12202: 12195:McNeil, Legs 12187: 12177: 12163: 12149: 12135: 12124:. Retrieved 12104: 12088: 12074: 12057: 12041: 12024: 12010: 11992: 11977: 11961: 11958:Klein, Naomi 11944: 11927: 11913: 11899: 11885: 11871: 11857: 11843: 11826: 11812: 11782: 11768: 11750: 11730: 11713: 11695: 11677: 11659: 11641: 11626:. New York: 11623: 11605: 11591: 11573: 11559: 11541: 11524: 11506: 11487: 11469: 11451: 11437: 11423: 11404: 11390: 11372: 11354: 11336: 11332: 11318: 11300: 11274: 11253:Rough Guides 11248: 11234: 11202: 11171: 11153: 11135: 11128: 11114: 11106: 11087: 11070: 11053: 11035: 11013:. Retrieved 10993: 10986: 10966: 10957: 10940: 10931: 10911: 10902: 10883:the original 10878: 10875:"News Items" 10869: 10860: 10851: 10842: 10833: 10824: 10815: 10806: 10797: 10787:December 23, 10785:. Retrieved 10781:the original 10770: 10761: 10741: 10732: 10724: 10719: 10710: 10701: 10692: 10683: 10674: 10662: 10653: 10644: 10635: 10623:. Retrieved 10614: 10604: 10595: 10587: 10582: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10561: 10552: 10543: 10534: 10525: 10516: 10499: 10492: 10484: 10480: 10475: 10466: 10458: 10430: 10396: 10388: 10372: 10360:. Retrieved 10351: 10341: 10332: 10323: 10314: 10270: 10264: 10246: 10234:. Retrieved 10229: 10220: 10208:. Retrieved 10193: 10184: 10165: 10156: 10144:. Retrieved 10135: 10114: 10099: 10090: 10081: 10072: 10063: 10054: 10041: 10032: 10020:. Retrieved 10011:The Guardian 10009: 9999: 9987:. Retrieved 9983:the original 9971: 9962: 9952:February 23, 9950:. Retrieved 9944: 9934: 9924:February 23, 9922:. Retrieved 9916: 9906: 9873: 9864: 9856: 9847: 9838: 9832: 9823: 9814: 9805: 9796:the original 9789: 9774:the original 9767: 9764:"Television" 9756: 9747: 9738: 9729: 9710: 9703: 9691: 9682: 9669: 9660: 9651: 9642: 9633: 9624: 9617:The Observer 9616: 9600: 9591: 9582: 9573: 9564: 9544: 9535: 9527: 9511: 9502: 9494: 9489: 9480: 9471: 9462: 9450:. Retrieved 9435: 9426: 9417: 9408: 9396:. Retrieved 9388:The Guardian 9387: 9377: 9368: 9360: 9355: 9346: 9337: 9328: 9319: 9310: 9301: 9288:. Retrieved 9279: 9269: 9260: 9251: 9242: 9233: 9224: 9215: 9206: 9194:. Retrieved 9183: 9174: 9158: 9137: 9125:. Retrieved 9116: 9102:. Retrieved 9093: 9083: 9074: 9062: 9053: 9046:The Guardian 9045: 9036: 9024:. Retrieved 8997: 8985:. Retrieved 8981:the original 8976: 8968: 8948: 8922:. Retrieved 8912: 8903: 8894: 8885: 8876: 8867: 8857:December 29, 8855:. Retrieved 8841: 8832: 8823: 8814: 8805: 8797: 8791: 8775: 8766: 8758: 8743: 8734: 8725: 8716: 8707: 8698: 8686:. Retrieved 8677: 8667: 8658: 8650: 8645: 8636: 8613: 8607: 8598: 8586: 8577: 8568: 8556: 8543:. Retrieved 8539:the original 8529: 8520: 8499: 8475: 8466: 8457: 8445:. Retrieved 8436: 8426: 8414:. Retrieved 8405: 8395: 8383:. Retrieved 8372: 8362: 8353: 8344: 8335: 8326: 8312: 8303: 8294: 8282:. Retrieved 8273: 8263: 8254: 8230: 8217: 8211: 8199: 8177:Lemlich 1992 8172: 8149: 8143: 8131:. Retrieved 8120: 8110: 8098: 8089: 8080: 8056:. Retrieved 8036: 8029: 8021: 8016: 8004:. Retrieved 7995: 7986: 7970: 7966: 7961: 7950:November 19, 7948:. Retrieved 7928: 7921: 7909:. Retrieved 7904: 7895: 7887: 7882: 7873: 7867: 7855:. Retrieved 7850: 7841: 7833: 7828: 7816: 7804:. Retrieved 7795: 7782: 7773: 7764: 7754:February 25, 7752:. Retrieved 7741: 7732: 7723: 7714: 7704:February 25, 7702:. Retrieved 7679: 7670: 7661: 7651:December 23, 7649:. Retrieved 7630: 7611: 7602: 7593: 7577: 7572: 7560:. Retrieved 7556:the original 7551: 7541: 7531:December 19, 7529:. Retrieved 7525:the original 7513: 7504: 7492:. Retrieved 7481: 7456:. Retrieved 7443: 7431: 7423: 7418: 7409: 7400: 7391: 7383: 7378: 7366: 7354: 7347:Laing (1985) 7342: 7330: 7321: 7316:, p. 62 7314:Laing (1985) 7308: 7288: 7280: 7251: 7241: 7222: 7217: 7207: 7199: 7194: 7161: 7157: 7151: 7142: 7136: 7128: 7123: 7116:The Guardian 7115: 7110: 7101: 7092: 7084: 7074: 7069: 7060: 7047: 7028:February 21, 7026:. Retrieved 7002: 6988: 6976:. Retrieved 6972:the original 6964: 6951: 6939:. Retrieved 6935:the original 6928: 6904: 6898: 6876:November 24, 6874:. Retrieved 6862: 6852: 6842:November 24, 6840:. Retrieved 6836: 6826: 6816:November 24, 6814:. Retrieved 6805: 6793:. Retrieved 6782: 6773: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6739: 6734: 6717: 6708: 6699: 6687: 6666: 6657: 6639:(2013, dir. 6636: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6610: 6599:(2022, dir. 6594: 6582: 6574: 6567:(1981, dir. 6562: 6551: 6541:(2000, dir. 6536: 6532:Minor Threat 6517: 6512:Paul Rachman 6510:(2006, dir. 6505: 6421:South London 6405:Chicano punk 6386: 6350:Bad Religion 6323: 6277:Napalm Death 6261:the Varukers 6238: 6233:the Apostles 6229:Poison Girls 6202: 6188:Anarcho-punk 6182:Anarcho-punk 6164: 6149: 6144: 6140: 6132:the Business 6129: 6124: 6114: 6083:Cock Sparrer 6080: 6071: 6059: 6005: 5982: 5976: 5969: 5963: 5957: 5935: 5920: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5876: 5874: 5855: 5833: 5809: 5795: 5785: 5775: 5757: 5750: 5747:Bad Religion 5740: 5732: 5665:Corin Tucker 5662: 5654:Mecca Normal 5627: 5624: 5577:Randy Turner 5569:Jayne County 5550: 5521: 5513: 5507: 5500: 5482: 5468: 5438: 5432: 5418: 5382: 5380: 5376:college rock 5359: 5314:–influenced 5301: 5293:Reno, Nevada 5289:SS Decontrol 5279: 5273:celebrated " 5262:Indianapolis 5258:Naked Raygun 5242:Murphy's Law 5238:the Cro-Mags 5234:Beastie Boys 5226:Reagan Youth 5198:Minor Threat 5194:Circle Jerks 5146:Middle Class 5143: 5139:John Brannon 5116: 5113:Steven Blush 5098: 5043:James Chance 5030:Marquee Moon 5028: 5026: 4997:Geoff Travis 4994: 4966:Killing Joke 4926:Gang of Four 4914:Joy Division 4911: 4880: 4869:Human League 4865:Tubeway Army 4863:groups like 4853:New Romantic 4839:inspired by 4829: 4793: 4790: 4785:Debbie Harry 4757: 4718: 4713:anarcho-punk 4706: 4687: 4664: 4646: 4640: 4631:Tony Parsons 4622: 4616: 4602: 4590:the Selecter 4578:the Specials 4547: 4539:Big in Japan 4519:anarcho-punk 4492: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4442:British punk 4431: 4419: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4395: 4347:the Avengers 4280: 4271: 4251: 4242: 4221:Darlinghurst 4214: 4205: 4194: 4177:, including 4172: 4153: 4117:Cock Sparrer 4078: 4056:, there was 4042:Generation X 3974:Joy Division 3962:Joe Strummer 3948: 3925:Glen Matlock 3874: 3865: 3848:Chris Thomas 3797: 3795: 3776: 3769:Sire Records 3765:the Voidoids 3762: 3746: 3706: 3701:punk culture 3678:Tom Verlaine 3674:Piss Factory 3661:Richard Hell 3653:Dr. Feelgood 3631:, where the 3614: 3563:garage-psych 3544: 3472:Greil Marcus 3457: 3438:motherfucker 3370: 3337:Louie, Louie 3333:the Kingsmen 3330: 3299: 3291: 3285: 3277: 3253: 3251: 3242: 3236: 3226: 3218: 3216: 3196: 3186: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3146: 3144: 3140:Lester Bangs 3134:, Kingsmen, 3121: 3111: 3101: 3098:Alice Cooper 3087: 3077: 3061:Lester Bangs 3041: 3039: 3032: 3026: 3016: 3002:punk fashion 2987: 2954:Richard Hell 2935: 2924:Punk fashion 2881: 2841:the Voidoids 2837:Robert Quine 2829:barre chords 2825:power chords 2818:guitar solos 2815: 2800: 2787:Authenticity 2785: 2781:Joe Strummer 2746: 2741: 2720: 2711: 2704: 2688: 2663: 2644:Tommy Ramone 2637: 2613:Bad Religion 2585:thrash metal 2561:anarcho-punk 2541:Minor Threat 2533: 2469:rock critics 2466: 2433: 2429: 2428: 2288:Anti-statism 2278:Anti-fascism 2131:South Africa 1749:Wage slavery 1714:Gift economy 1605: 1566:Anarcho-punk 1553: 1429: 1318:Love and sex 1206:Pi i Margall 870:Deep ecology 805:Anationalism 748:Relationship 681:Collectivist 637:Postcolonial 484:punk fashion 456:Other topics 425:Local scenes 397:Philadelphia 184:Anarcho-punk 158:thrash metal 36: 16090:Lo-fi music 15849:Post-grunge 15832:Wizard rock 15797:Chamber pop 15744:Gothic rock 15434:Modern rock 15409:Active rock 15389:New Zealand 15217:Bangladeshi 15212:Azerbaijani 14847:Costa Rican 14803:Viking rock 14793:Stoner rock 14712:Gothic rock 14535:Occult rock 14510:Heavy metal 14500:Garage rock 14470:Comedy rock 14460:Chamber pop 14455:Boogie rock 14162:Minneapolis 14058:Street punk 14053:Speed metal 13961:Krishnacore 13936:Death metal 13901:Black metal 13656:Celtic punk 13624:Netherlands 13556:Speed metal 13516:Gothic rock 13490:Street punk 13453:Psychobilly 13424:Street punk 13409:Latino punk 13404:Horror punk 13328:Krishnacore 13303:Garage punk 13291:Celtic punk 13181:Garage rock 13063:‹ The 13005:(New York: 12785:(New York: 12548:Savage, Jon 12038:Lydon, John 11735:(New York: 11454:(New York: 11407:. (London: 11283:Pluto Press 11199:Savage, Jon 11195:Lydon, John 11174:(New York: 11156:(New York: 11038:(New York: 10879:SOS Records 10625:February 1, 10414:See, e.g., 10210:October 27, 10146:November 7, 9946:LouderSound 9760:See, e.g., 9452:December 3, 9290:December 9, 9163:"Punk Rock" 8987:October 22, 8688:October 23, 8591:Savage 1991 8561:Savage 1991 8545:October 23, 8480:Savage 1991 8447:January 11, 8006:October 20, 7911:December 9, 7857:December 9, 7834:Let It Rock 7562:October 10, 7494:October 23, 6978:January 17, 6968:Book Review 6941:January 17, 6649:Bikini Kill 6605:Steve Jones 6601:Danny Boyle 6589:Sex Pistols 6429:psychobilly 6417:The Meteors 6354:Descendents 6293:death metal 6269:Charged GBH 6119:journalist 6111:street punk 6103:the 4-Skins 5962:(2001) and 5889:Warped Tour 5887:. The Vans 5885:CBS Records 5638:Bikini Kill 5601:Queeruption 5561:Team Dresch 5502:Evil Empire 5471:heavy metal 5445:Kurt Cobain 5421:Sonic Youth 5402:gothic rock 5368:subcultural 5352:, later of 5312:heavy metal 5248:. By 1983, 5190:Descendents 5164:" in 1980. 5127:Ian MacKaye 5077:musicians. 5039:Lydia Lunch 5013:indie music 5005:Tony Wilson 5001:Rough Trade 4982:David Bowie 4974:Syd Barrett 4837:mod revival 4820:the Go-Go's 4798:journalist 4531:street punk 4503:Dunfermline 4488:moral panic 4484:Sid Vicious 4438:Bill Grundy 4434:Sex Pistols 4390:horror punk 4379:horror punk 4359:the Mutants 4323:the Dickies 4315:The Go-Go's 4287:the Weirdos 4229:local halls 4201:Bill Grundy 4129:David Bowie 4074:Sid Vicious 4070:Stinky Toys 4058:Penetration 4022:Subway Sect 4002:the Adverts 3998:Gaye Advert 3929:Steve Jones 3921:Sex Pistols 3901:Steve Jones 3893:Sex Pistols 3881:King's Road 3852:Steve Jones 3840:Sex Pistols 3791:Akron, Ohio 3758:Jerry Nolan 3742:Mary Harron 3729:girl groups 3717:the Beatles 3665:Patti Smith 3480:Chuck Berry 3460:the Stooges 3420:psychedelia 3319:garage rock 3296:Legs McNeil 3201:Buffalo, NY 3161:the Stooges 3031:(1602) and 2994:Patti Smith 2982:Sid Vicious 2950:Doc Martens 2877:syncopation 2803:garage rock 2769:Sex Pistols 2727:UK pub rock 2553:street punk 2509:Sex Pistols 2493:Patti Smith 2446:garage rock 2438:music genre 2246:Periodicals 2146:Switzerland 2106:Puerto Rico 2091:Philippines 2056:New Zealand 2051:Netherlands 1921:El Salvador 1734:Mutual bank 1689:Cooperative 1618:Lifestylism 1420:Tragic Week 1323:Nationalism 975:Somatherapy 885:Freethought 753:Syndicalist 743:Platformism 715:Methodology 588:Primitivist 387:Netherlands 311:psychobilly 286:garage punk 234:street punk 199:horror punk 153:speed metal 61:Garage rock 47:Other names 18:Punk rocker 16135:Categories 16013:Funk metal 15988:Post-metal 15973:Pagan rock 15929:Mangue bit 15917:Madchester 15866:Jangle pop 15861:Indie folk 15856:Indie rock 15758:Styles and 15734:Proto-punk 15729:Noise rock 15717:Riot grrrl 15702:Avant-punk 15692:Jangle pop 15685:Precursors 15594:Rock opera 15549:Beatlesque 15384:Australian 15303:Rock kapak 15286:Visual kei 15266:Indonesian 15109:Portuguese 15094:Macedonian 15089:Lithuanian 14968:Belarusian 14947:Venezuelan 14932:Ecuadorian 14915:Tropicália 14910:Samba rock 14742:Rock kapak 14732:Jangle pop 14727:Indie rock 14681:Yacht rock 14676:Visual kei 14666:Shock rock 14606:Dance-rock 14596:Arena rock 14580:Swamp rock 14575:Space rock 14560:Samba rock 14555:Roots rock 14530:Noise rock 14450:Blues rock 14445:Beat music 14414:Surf music 14409:Rockabilly 14387:Latin rock 14324:Distortion 14312:Components 14305:Rock music 14263:Youth crew 14152:California 14131:Yugoslavia 14073:Thrashcore 14043:Skate punk 14028:Riot grrrl 13996:Pornogrind 13921:Crust punk 13825:Punk films 13678:Yugoslavia 13672:California 13575:By country 13566:Visual kei 13541:Noise rock 13531:Industrial 13458:Punk blues 13441:Skate punk 13397:Thrashcore 13387:Riot grrrl 13296:Gypsy punk 13259:Dance-punk 13235:Avant-punk 13218:Crust punk 13186:Proto-punk 13174:Precursors 12457:Robb, John 12253:Myers, Ben 10667:Sabin 1999 10022:August 16, 9989:January 4, 9791:PopMatters 9696:"New Wave" 9117:Mess+Noise 8954:The Damned 8924:October 8, 8204:Bangs 2003 8192:Sabin 1999 8152:. London: 8103:Sabin 1999 7821:Bangs 2003 7700:. Flashbak 7631:Punk Style 7371:Laing 1985 7359:Laing 1985 7335:Laing 1985 7312:Quoted in 6795:August 24, 6765:References 6653:riot grrrl 6558:The Damned 6453:folk music 6445:the Pogues 6425:the Cramps 6413:punk blues 6381:See also: 6318:Ben Weasel 6257:crust punk 6209:Dial House 6074:media help 6058:'s debut, 5993:punkabilly 5712:Mike Dirnt 5642:Bratmobile 5613:Riot grrrl 5607:Riot grrrl 5463:See also: 5398:indie rock 5350:Dave Grohl 5324:thrashcore 5277:" (1980). 5162:Pay to Cum 5158:D.C. scene 5154:Bad Brains 5150:Black Flag 4986:Roxy Music 4958:Lora Logic 4950:John Lydon 4824:the Police 4661:Last Words 4643:the Saints 4566:the Police 4476:White Riot 4333:formed in 4331:Black Flag 4237:Ed Kuepper 4225:the Saints 4164:Jamie Reid 4141:Roxy Music 4093:the Shapes 4089:Leamington 3990:X-Ray Spex 3982:the Smiths 3906:Jon Savage 3868:media help 3783:The Cramps 3727:and 1960s 3645:Television 3611:, New York 3579:the Saints 3547:Düsseldorf 3454:proto-punk 3448:Proto-punk 3427:David Peel 3424:proto-punk 3422:". Hippie 3416:proto-punk 3361:the Sonics 3327:beat music 3317:See also: 3171:review of 3153:Lenny Kaye 3138:, etc.)". 3108:Dave Marsh 3048:Ed Sanders 3019:prostitute 2976:, credits 2942:rockabilly 2853:Ike Turner 2773:alienation 2765:nihilistic 2733:, such as 2670:Billy Joel 2627:See also: 2573:the Adicts 2517:the Damned 2501:the Saints 2495:, and the 2489:Television 2444:and 1960s 2318:Dual Power 2303:Autonomism 2298:Autarchism 1906:East Timor 1876:Costa Rica 1821:Bangladesh 1816:Azerbaijan 1591:Freeganism 1308:Capitalism 1101:Feyerabend 970:Sociocracy 940:Revolution 905:Mutual aid 835:Black bloc 728:Illegalism 433:Birmingham 412:Yugoslavia 362:California 316:punk blues 301:Gypsy punk 271:dance-punk 229:skate punk 224:riot grrrl 143:noise rock 133:industrial 128:indie rock 91:surf music 76:rockabilly 66:proto-punk 16141:Punk rock 16080:Indie pop 16028:Rap metal 15983:Post-rock 15968:Noise pop 15949:Blackgaze 15939:Dream pop 15883:Math rock 15827:Geek rock 15739:Post-punk 15697:Punk rock 15332:Taiwanese 15315:Pakistani 15298:Malaysian 15226:1959–1975 15222:Cambodian 15184:Post-punk 15149:Ukrainian 15129:Slovenian 15099:Norwegian 15069:Icelandic 15064:Hungarian 15027:Nederbeat 14942:Uruguayan 14927:Colombian 14900:Brazilian 14895:Argentine 14857:Dominican 14798:Sufi rock 14788:Post-rock 14783:Math rock 14757:Trop rock 14707:Dream pop 14702:Deathrock 14671:Soft rock 14661:Punk rock 14646:Power pop 14641:Post-punk 14616:Glam rock 14611:Funk rock 14601:Cock rock 14565:Soft rock 14550:Raga rock 14525:Krautrock 14520:Jazz rock 14505:Hard rock 14495:Folk rock 14360:Genres by 14329:Rock band 14247:Punk rock 14207:DIY ethic 14202:Deathcore 14101:Australia 14096:Argentina 14063:Taqwacore 14023:Queercore 13981:Metalcore 13956:Grindcore 13951:Goregrind 13931:Deathcore 13916:Crunkcore 13810:Punk zine 13770:DIY ethic 13750:Afro-punk 13644:Trallpunk 13582:Australia 13546:Post-punk 13495:Surf punk 13463:Punk jazz 13414:Nazi punk 13392:Taqwacore 13382:Queercore 13353:Crunkcore 13343:Deathcore 13338:Metalcore 13286:Anti-folk 13281:Folk punk 13191:Glam punk 13167:Punk rock 13080:Punk rock 12126:March 16, 11662:(London: 11251:(London: 11227:813393428 11015:March 14, 10615:Billboard 10485:Billboard 10481:Billboard 10362:March 16, 9918:LA Weekly 9398:March 26, 8674:"Ramones" 8385:March 15, 8247:Reed 2005 8222:Routledge 8154:Routledge 8133:April 27, 7458:April 17, 7200:Hot Press 7186:144067070 7178:0882-4371 7164:: 30–64. 7129:Bad Music 7087:(p. 311). 7085:Strangled 6871:0362-4331 6543:Don Letts 6441:folk punk 6433:Milwaukee 6401:the Plugz 6397:deathrock 6370:Green Day 6366:Blink-182 6346:Ben Myers 6340:combined 6334:Buzzcocks 6289:grindcore 6241:Discharge 6217:Subhumans 6161:far right 6152:left wing 5936:Billboard 5927:Blink-182 5910:Americana 5901:Americana 5893:Hot Topic 5810:Billboard 5743:Green Day 5706:frontman 5704:Green Day 5691:in 1998. 5673:Excuse 17 5547:Queercore 5533:Queercore 5449:Pearl Jam 5440:Nevermind 5406:dream pop 5381:In 1985, 5363:New Order 5356:, in 1989 5297:7 Seconds 5270:the Faith 5266:Zero Boys 5254:Hüsker Dü 5186:Minutemen 5178:Vancouver 5135:Tesco Vee 5105:the Germs 5055:Melbourne 5017:New Order 4990:Krautrock 4946:the Slits 4924:, Leeds' 4906:Nick Cave 4897:Post-punk 4891:Post-punk 4835:ska, the 4738:subgenres 4698:South Bay 4637:Australia 4558:the Slits 4535:post-punk 4507:the Skids 4468:The Clash 4464:Buzzcocks 4307:the Germs 4295:the Zeros 4211:Australia 4125:glam rock 4103:neo-mods 4081:Ultravox! 3994:the Slits 3970:Buzzcocks 3958:the Clash 3954:London SS 3943:The Clash 3933:Paul Cook 3915:Vocalist 3555:Krautrock 3510:, led by 3500:glam punk 3488:John Cale 3484:Airmobile 3464:Ann Arbor 3442:the Clash 3365:the Seeds 3353:the Kinks 3252:By 1975, 3183:Aerosmith 3157:Nick Kent 3132:Standells 3128:Greg Shaw 3100:'s album 3080:Greg Shaw 3073:Alan Vega 3013:Etymology 2998:piercings 2857:Mike Watt 2833:surf rock 2822:distorted 2761:the Clash 2742:Sideburns 2695:free love 2597:Green Day 2577:post-punk 2521:Buzzcocks 2513:the Clash 2481:Glam rock 2458:DIY ethic 2430:Punk rock 2358:Socialism 2308:Communism 2241:Musicians 2191:Venezuela 2126:Singapore 2061:Nicaragua 1986:Indonesia 1966:Hong Kong 1961:Guatemala 1806:Australia 1796:Argentina 1768:By region 1676:Economics 1662:Symbolism 1576:DIY ethic 1313:Education 1231:Santillán 1181:Malatesta 1151:Kropotkin 1131:Guillaume 985:Squatting 945:Rewilding 880:Free love 758:Synthesis 693:Communist 664:Christian 659:Religious 632:Mutualism 526:Anarchism 499:punk zine 464:DIY ethic 347:Australia 321:punk jazz 281:folk punk 276:deathrock 261:anti-folk 219:queercore 176:Subgenres 168:glam punk 163:post-punk 81:glam rock 42:Punk rock 16119:Category 16023:Nu metal 15944:Shoegaze 15893:Slowcore 15888:New rave 15817:Dolewave 15724:New wave 15623:Category 15310:Nepalese 15281:Japanese 15237:Filipino 15207:Armenian 15179:New wave 15157:Art rock 15114:Romanian 15039:Estonian 15022:Indorock 15007:Croatian 14963:Albanian 14937:Peruvian 14842:Canadian 14830:American 14747:Shoegaze 14737:Rap rock 14631:New wave 14435:Art rock 14392:Pop rock 14349:Drum kit 14319:Backbeat 14212:Hardline 14167:New York 13986:Nardcore 13966:Mathcore 13639:Könsrock 13536:New wave 13485:Ska punk 13473:Punk rap 13431:Pop-punk 13365:Mathcore 13264:Egg punk 13230:Art punk 13065:template 12959:(2004). 12902:Stranded 12847:(2002). 12550:(1991). 12477:(2014). 12459:(2006). 12276:(2002). 12255:(2006). 12201:(1996). 12190:journal. 12120:Archived 12040:(1995). 11960:(2000). 11943:(2004). 11842:(1987). 11729:(2003). 11273:(1978). 11129:la Banda 11069:(2001). 11009:Archived 10975:Archived 10950:Archived 10920:Archived 10891:Archived 10750:Archived 10619:Archived 10505:Archived 10439:Archived 10419:Archived 10381:Archived 10356:Archived 10236:June 12, 10204:Archived 10173:Archived 10140:Archived 10136:AllMusic 10107:Archived 10016:Archived 9769:Rhapsody 9609:Archived 9553:Archived 9528:Guardian 9520:Archived 9446:Archived 9392:Archived 9284:Archived 9190:Archived 9167:AllMusic 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