Rock and roll - Knowledge

667:"rhythm and blues" were necessarily mixed with "country music" in order to be dubbed "rock" and thereby gain entrance to history and legend — the official history, that is. Yet African-American rock anticipated Bill Haley's first isolated hit Rock The Joint (1952) by a long way, as shown by its rare original version (by Jimmy Preston in 1948) included here. This "black" rock would discreetly coexist with the first white rock hits. But there is still a clear tendency to relegate African-American rock to the genre's "Prehistory", which would be to say that it is NOT part of the genre. Consequently, and despite their landmark recordings, Tiny Bradshaw, Wynonie Harris, Roy Brown, Smiley Lewis and others have been literally erased from our memories, leaving the official title of "pioneers" to the subsequent generation—Eddie Cochran, Elvis and their like — even though they appeared only five or ten years later. Two black artists still appear amongst the official inventors of rock, however: the undisputed giants named 1376: 679:, with its electric guitar and "it was rocking" chorus in 1949, would still be seen as something like the work of prehistoric men who were ineligible for the "rock" hall of fame. If you admit that the contribution of Euro-American music (not forgetting Hawaiian music), along with bluegrass, Irish popular songs, Cajun music and others, did much to enrich the history of white rock and rockabilly in particular, and while the interaction between "black" and "white" musicians was often the norm, including in the blues domain, the fact remains that the fundamental matrix of the rock genre is African-American. When they added country guitars, it was rockabilly that 1116: 1237: 314: 7519: 7138: 7507: 604: 6681: 1852: 6693: 1571: 544: 954: 1148:, who drew mainly on the country roots of the music. Presley was greatly influenced by and incorporated his style of music with that of some of the greatest Black musicians like BB King, Arthur Crudup and Fats Domino. His style of music combined with black influences created controversy during a turbulent time in history. Many other popular rock and roll singers of the time, such as 1323:'s "Birmingham Bounce" in 1949. The most notable trend, however, was white pop covers of black R&B numbers. The more familiar sound of these covers may have been more palatable to white audiences, there may have been an element of prejudice, but labels aimed at the white market also had much better distribution networks and were generally much more profitable. Famously, 1878:, but also extended to film, clothes, hair, cars and motorcycles, and distinctive language. The youth culture exemplified by rock and roll was a recurring source of concern for older generations, who worried about juvenile delinquency and social rebellion, particularly because, to a large extent, rock and roll culture was shared by different racial and social groups. 2606: 2591: 2576: 472:. The lyrics include the line, "I rock 'em, roll 'em all night long". Freed did not acknowledge the suggestion about that source in interviews, and explained the term as follows: "Rock 'n roll is really swing with a modern name. It began on the levees and plantations, took in folk songs, and features blues and rhythm". 2628: 982:

argued that neither Haley's "Rock Around the Clock" nor Presley's version of "That's Alright Mama" heralded a new genre: "They were simply the first white artists' interpretations of a sound already well-established by black musicians almost a decade before. It was a raucous, driving, unnamed variant

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In the crossover of African-American "race music" to a growing white youth audience, the popularization of rock and roll involved both black performers reaching a white audience and white musicians performing African-American music. Rock and roll appeared at a time when racial tensions in the United

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The origins of rock and roll have been fiercely debated by commentators and historians of music. There is general agreement that it arose in the Southern United States – a region that would produce most of the major early rock and roll acts – through the meeting of various influences that embodied a

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One American artist after another faded into rock & roll purgatory, victims of Her Majesty's transatlantic onslaught. Among the few Yanks who survived the British Invasion, ... Johnny Rivers... A cover of Chuck Berry's "Memphis"... reached number 2 in the midst of Beatlemania, sending a message

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in rock and roll inevitably provoked strong white racist reactions within the US, with many whites condemning its breaking down of barriers based on color. Many observers saw rock and roll as heralding the way for desegregation, in creating a new form of music that encouraged racial cooperation and

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Many early rock and roll songs dealt with issues of cars, school, dating, and clothing. The lyrics of rock and roll songs described events and conflicts to which most listeners could relate through personal experience. Topics such as sex that had generally been considered taboo began to appear in

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a year later, it set the rock and roll boom in motion. The song became one of the biggest hits in history, and frenzied teens flocked to see Haley and the Comets perform it, causing riots in some cities. "Rock Around the Clock" was a breakthrough success for the group; traditionally, the song has

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For most lovers of the genre, rock sprang up with Bill Haley and Elvis Presley in 1954–1956. But why would rock be called "rock" when played by Whites and "rhythm and blues" when it was played by Blacks? According to the usual clichés, rock's roots lie deep in a muddled amalgam where "blues" and

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argues that early, fully-formed rock and roll music really surged in America at least as early as 1945, but was segregated, thus making it unavailable to the general public and widely undocumented. According to Blum, true rock tracks from the 1940s included "Rock Woogie" by Jim Wynn's Bobalibans

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meant that black and white residents were living in close proximity in larger numbers than ever before, and as a result heard each other's music and even began to emulate each other's fashions. Radio stations that made white and black forms of music available to both groups, the development and

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and a similar rise of radio stations that played their music. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to this music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock and roll as a distinct genre. Because the development of rock and roll was an

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developed his brand of rock and roll by transposing the familiar two-note lead line of jump blues piano directly to the electric guitar, creating what is instantly recognizable as rock guitar. This proposal by Richards neglects the black guitarists who did the same thing before Berry, such as

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His first venture, the Phillips label, issued only one known release, and it was one of the loudest, most overdriven, and distorted guitar stomps ever recorded, "Boogie in the Park" by Memphis one-man-band Joe Hill Louis, who cranked his guitar while sitting and banging at a rudimentary drum

1613:, used amateurish versions of American folk songs and encouraged many of the subsequent generation of rock and roll, folk, R&B and beat musicians to start performing. At the same time British audiences were beginning to encounter American rock and roll, initially through films including 662:(1945), "Rockin' the House" by Memphis Slim and the House Rockers (1946), "Aladdin Boogie" by Amos Milburn (1947), "Rock and Rye" by Jimmy McCracklin (1947), "We're Gonna Rock" (1947) and "Rock and Roll" (1948) by Wild Bill Moore, and many others. His discussion of the topic is as follows: 1271:

circuit. Before the efforts of Freed and others, black music was taboo on many white-owned radio outlets, but artists and producers quickly recognized the potential of rock and roll. Some of Presley's early recordings were covers of black rhythm and blues or blues songs, such as

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in March 1951. This is often cited as the first rock n' roll record. In an interview however, Ike Turner offered this comment: "I don't think that 'Rocket 88' is rock 'n' roll. I think that 'Rocket 88' is R&B, but I think 'Rocket 88' is the cause of rock and roll existing".

830:, Chuck Berry introduced an aggressive guitar sound to rock and roll, and established the electric guitar as its centerpiece, adapting his rock band instrumentation from the basic blues band instrumentation of a lead guitar, second chord instrument, bass and drums. In 2017, 1752:, producing a form of rock and roll revivalism that carried them and many other groups to national success from about 1963 and to international success from 1964, known in America as the British Invasion. Groups that followed the Beatles included the beat-influenced 1075:

in 1985, titled, "Rock! It's Still Rhythm and Blues". In fact, the author stated that the "two terms were used interchangeably", until about 1957. The other sources quoted in the article said that rock and roll combined R&B with pop and country music.

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was one of the biggest stars of rock and roll in the early 1950s and he was not convinced that this was a new genre. In 1957, he said: "What they call rock 'n' roll now is rhythm and blues. I've been playing it for 15 years in New Orleans". According to

1367:" and Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers' "Why Do Fools Fall in Love?"), the Crew Cuts (the Chords' "Sh-Boom" and Nappy Brown's "Don't Be Angry"), the Fountain Sisters (The Jewels' "Hearts of Stone") and the Maguire Sisters (The Moonglows' "Sincerely"). 975:", recorded in April 1954 but not a commercial success until the following year, is generally recognized as an important milestone, but it was preceded by many recordings from earlier decades in which elements of rock and roll can be clearly discerned. 3360:

Of course similar musics would have sprung up without him. Elvis was Elvis before he'd ever heard of Chuck Berry. Charles' proto-soul vocals and Brown's everything-is-a-drum were innovations as profound as Berry's. Bo Diddley was a more accomplished

1889:(1956), a defiant teen dates a rock and roll-loving boy but drops him for one who likes traditional adult music—to her parents' relief. In Britain, where postwar prosperity was more limited, rock and roll culture became attached to the pre-existing 292:

Rock and roll had a profound influence on contemporary American lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language, and is often portrayed in movies, fan magazines, and on television. Some people believe that the music had a positive influence on the

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The initial response of the British music industry was to attempt to produce copies of American records, recorded with session musicians and often fronted by teen idols. More grass roots British rock and rollers soon began to appear, including

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In discussing Alan Freed's contribution to the genre, two significant sources emphasized the importance of African-American rhythm and blues. Greg Harris, then the executive director of the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame, offered this comment to

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were commercially superseded by a more polished, commercial style of rock and roll influenced pop music. Marketing frequently emphasized the physical looks of the artist rather than the music, contributing to the successful careers of

779:, with shortages of fuel and limitations on audiences and available personnel, large jazz bands were less economical and tended to be replaced by smaller combos, using guitars, bass and drums. In the same period, particularly on the 3409: 1327:

recorded sanitized versions of songs recorded by the likes of Fats Domino, Little Richard, the Flamingos and Ivory Joe Hunter. Later, as those songs became popular, the original artists' recordings received radio play as well.

775:", which is regarded as an important precursor of rock and roll. The 1940s saw the increased use of blaring horns (including saxophones), shouted lyrics and boogie-woogie beats in jazz-based music. During and immediately after 480:: "Freed's role in breaking down racial barriers in U.S. pop culture in the 1950s, by leading white and black kids to listen to the same music, put the radio personality 'at the vanguard' and made him 'a really important figure 350:

The phrase "rocking and rolling" originally described the movement of a ship on the ocean, but by the early 20th century was used both to describe the spiritual fervor of black church rituals and as a sexual analogy. A retired

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Rock and roll influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and European-American teens enjoyed the music.

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would become the superseding forms of rock music during the mid-1960s, a few American artists were nonetheless able to achieve chart successes with rock and roll recordings during this time. The most notable of these was

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and other similar singers), were among the first music to present African-American sounds for a predominantly white audience. One particularly noteworthy example of a jazz song with recognizably rock and roll elements is

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generation, who had greater relative affluence and leisure time and adopted rock and roll as part of a distinct subculture. This involved not just music, absorbed via radio, record buying, jukeboxes and TV programs like

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was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991. The Hall remarked that her "fiery fusion of blues, jazz and R&B showcased her alluring vocals and set the stage for the rock and roll surge of the Fifties".

4585:... there were other artists playing this kind of basic, danceable rock & roll, mostly in club settings... In early 1964, however, none of those acts had broken nationally or even locally. Rivers got there first... 488:, the organization's Web site offered this comment: "He became internationally known for promoting African-American rhythm and blues music on the radio in the United States and Europe under the name of rock and roll". 503:

format (in 1953), playing only the most popular records in rotation. His station, and the numerous others which adopted the concept, helped to promote the genre: by the mid 50s, the playlist included artists such as

1089:, "this is a valid statement ... all Fifties rockers, black and white, country born and city-bred, were fundamentally influenced by R&B, the black popular music of the late Forties and early Fifties". Further, 3339: 1585:, had been exposed to American culture through the stationing of troops in the country, and shared many social developments, including the emergence of distinct youth sub-cultures, which in Britain included the 1807:

rock and roll lyrics. This new music tried to break boundaries and express emotions that people were actually feeling but had not discussed openly. An awakening began to take place in American youth culture.

2905: 238:, "rock and roll" refers to a style of popular music originating in the United States in the 1950s. By the mid-1960s, rock and roll had developed into "the more encompassing international style known as 1292:. Songwriting credits were often unreliable; many publishers, record executives, and even managers (both white and black) would insert their name as a composer in order to collect royalty checks. 1288:". The racial lines, however, are rather more clouded by the fact that some of these R&B songs originally recorded by black artists had been written by white songwriters, such as the team of 2775: 1343:' tough, sarcastic vocal in "Roll With Me, Henry" (covered as "Dance With Me, Henry") with a perkier vocal more appropriate for an audience unfamiliar with the song to which James's song was an 4471: 699:, whose original version had appeared in 1947. Depending on the DJ, tempo, rhythm and style of the period, the era's names for this music were "jazz" ("We Love to Boogie" by Freddy Strong with 738:), "R&B" (the abbreviation of "rhythm and blues" and the name given to "black" music styles in the charts of Billboard magazine post-summer 1949), "jump blues" ("Rock Around the Clock" by 834:

declared that "Chuck Berry did in fact invent rock 'n' roll", explaining that this artist "came the closest of any single figure to being the one who put all the essential pieces together".

382:), uses the phrase "rock my soul" frequently in a religious sense; this song was later recorded by musicians from various genres, including various gospel musicians and groups (including 4005: 2762:

By the middle of the 20th century, the phrase 'rocking and rolling' was slang for sex in the black community but Freed liked the sound of it and felt the words could be used differently.

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Alan Freed did not coin the phrase he popularized it and redefined it. Once slang for sex, it came to mean a new form of music. This music had been around for several years, but ...

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built his ground-breaking sound of the same era with an uptempo blend of boogie-woogie, New Orleans rhythm and blues, and the soul and fervor of gospel music vocalization.

231:. While rock and roll's formative elements can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until 1954. 4036: 2947: 1132:"Rockabilly" usually (but not exclusively) refers to the type of rock and roll music which was played and recorded in the mid-1950s primarily by white singers such as 2843: 2895: 2749: 242:, though the latter also continued to be known in many circles as rock and roll." For the purpose of differentiation, this article deals with the first definition. 7104: 4669:

At a time when the British invasion and folk rock were culturally dominant, Fuller stuck to Buddy Holly's style of classic rock and roll with Tex Mex flourishes.

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had recorded four years earlier. Other white artists who recorded cover versions of rhythm and blues songs included Gale Storm (Smiley Lewis' "I Hear You Knockin

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to keep up on the latest dance and fashion styles. From the mid-1960s on, as "rock and roll" was rebranded as "rock", later dance genres followed, leading to

2541: 1832:" in 1954, but leaving a policy which would be extremely difficult to enforce in parts of the United States. The coming together of white youth audiences and 646:. Commentators differ in their views of which of these forms were most important and the degree to which the new music was a re-branding of African-American 355:

seaman named William Fender can be heard singing the phrase "rock and roll" when describing a sexual encounter in his performance of the traditional song "

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shared experience. Many authors have argued that early rock and roll was instrumental in the way both white and black teenagers identified themselves.

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Presley popularized rock and roll on a wider scale than any other single performer and by 1956, he had emerged as the singing sensation of the nation.

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As interest in rock and roll was beginning to subside in America in the late 1950s and early 1960s, it was taken up by groups in British cities like

3072: 2154: 2599: 1649:. During this period American Rock and Roll remained dominant but in 1958 Britain produced its first "authentic" rock and roll song and star, when 1544:" style of club-oriented, danceable rock and roll that enjoyed significant success in spite of the ongoing British Invasion. Another example was 3138: 7569: 3997: 5186: 4856: 4801: 3882: 719:

in 1945). Like boogie, "shuffle" music had arrived as early as the late thirties ("Rock This Morning" by James Allen & James Gilchrist).

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In the mid-1960s, Texas rocker Bobby Fuller championed the old-school rock-&-roll values of artists like Buddy Holly and Eddie Cochran.

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invented (in 1951–1954), not rock, which was something they tried to assimilate by recording versions of black pieces like "Rocket 88" by

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evolutionary process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously "the first" rock and roll record. Contenders for the title of "

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in particular, noted for the use of reverb-drenched guitars, became one of the most popular forms of American rock of the early 1960s.

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Some music historians have also pointed to important and innovative developments that built on rock and roll in this period, including

4535: 1339:" transformed Big Joe Turner's humorous and racy tale of adult love into an energetic teen dance number, while Georgia Gibbs replaced 1191:

been seen as the major breakthrough for the rock and roll genre, as its immense popularity introduced the music to a global audience.

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began playing this music style, and referring to it as "rock and roll" on his mainstream radio program, which popularized the phrase.

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The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll : The Definitive History of the Most Important Artists and Their Music

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Ehrenreich, Barbara; Hess, Elizabeth; Jacobs, Gloria (1992). "Beatlemania: Girls just want to have fun". In Lewis, Lisa A. (ed.).

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recorded "Rock Around the Clock". Although only a minor hit when first released, when used in the opening sequence of the movie

675:, who had both started singing and playing in the very early 1950s. But African-American hits like "Saturday Night Fish Fry" by 3242:

Robert Palmer, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, Present Tense, Duke University Press, 1992, p. 19.

2392: 1351:'s "Work With Me, Annie". Presley's rock and roll version of "Hound Dog", taken mainly from a version recorded by the pop band 4157: 2931: 4465: 4255: 4141: 2821: 2695: 2653: 2622: 2588: 2573: 2479: 3785: 3694: 3651: 1537: 7614: 6583: 6040: 5358: 5096: 2442: 407: 339:

as the music that originated in the mid-1950s and later developed "into the more encompassing international style known as

2835: 1637:– topped the British charts later that year and again in 1956 and helped identify rock and roll with teenage delinquency. 1169:

who is a Connecticut resident, began referring to his mix of hillbilly and rock 'n' roll music as rockabilly around 1953.

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Rock and roll arrived at a time of considerable technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar,

791:, with its guitar riffs, prominent beats and shouted lyrics, prefigured many later developments. In the documentary film 6236: 1552:, who were especially inspired by Buddy Holly and stuck with a rock and roll style, scoring their most notable hit with 7028: 6229: 3852: 3739: 2941: 2785: 2719: 2603: 875: 657:, and notwithstanding early forms of white rock and roll then called "country boogie", musicologist and rock historian 2244: 449:; her style on that recording was described as "rock-and-roll spiritual singing". By 1943, the "Rock and Roll Inn" in 7609: 7559: 7549: 5269: 5255: 5204: 5174: 5157: 5078: 5051: 4910: 3822: 3779: 3645: 3604: 3513: 3446: 3267: 3247: 3218: 3197: 3177: 2126: 2103: 2042: 811: 364: 5309: 2168: 6288: 6246: 2562: 2533: 6219: 3974: 2202:

Busnar, Gene, It's Rock 'n' Roll: A musical history of the fabulous fifties, Julian Messner, New York, 1979, p. 45

7554: 7497: 7119: 6501: 3806: 3430: 793: 780: 2873: 2358: 1897:. "On the white side of the deeply segregated music market", rock and roll became marketed for teenagers, as in 422:, a jump-blues shouter and comic in New Orleans, with popularizing the term in his 1950 song "My Walking Baby". 7574: 3688: 1251:

or partial re-writes of earlier black rhythm and blues or blues songs. Through the late 1940s and early 1950s,

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Several sources suggest that Freed found the term, used as a synonym for sexual intercourse, on the record "

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The cover versions were not necessarily straightforward imitations. For example, Bill Haley's incompletely

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became popular in the UK, and many of its musicians were influenced by related American styles, including

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tradition, making the music attractive to white audiences, and are not usually classed as "rockabilly".

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Several rock historians have claimed that rock and roll was one of the first music genres to define an

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in the early 1930s, which he would have learned at sea in the 1800s; the recording can be heard on the

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In the 1950s, Britain was well placed to receive American rock and roll music and culture. It shared

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in a car crash (April 1960) gave a sense that the initial phase of rock and roll had come to an end.

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Rock and roll was strongly influenced by R&B, according to many sources, including an article in

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The late, great Johnny Ace and the transition from R & B to rock 'n' roll Music in American life

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was typically the lead instrument. These instruments were generally replaced or supplemented by the

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supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Inspired by

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by editors James Henke, Holly George-Warren, Anthony Decurtis, Jim Miller (1992), Random House (

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Some commentators have suggested a decline of rock and roll starting in 1958. The retirement of

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music had been gaining a stronger beat and a wilder style, with artists such as Fats Domino and

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Encyclopedia of Louisiana Musicians: Jazz, Blues, Cajun, Creole, Zydeco, Swamp Pop, and Gospel

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Covers were customary in the music industry at the time; it was made particularly easy by the

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Various gospel, blues and swing recordings used the phrase before it became widely popular. "

294: 130: 2117: 1633:", which first entered the British charts in early 1955 – four months before it reached the 7511: 7280: 7011: 6779: 6420: 6389: 6186: 6181: 6166: 6161: 6146: 6121: 6111: 5941: 5929: 5904: 5713: 5331: 4898: 4543: 3476: 2418: 1489: 1312: 849:. There were also changes in the record industry, with the rise of independent labels like 437: 32: 8: 7589: 7433: 7365: 7153: 7055: 6956: 6906: 6816: 6685: 6616: 6578: 6573: 6481: 6196: 6141: 5391: 5344: 2900: 2422: 1894: 1769: 1765: 1694: 1665: 1590: 1273: 1195: 1173: 1115: 879: 6069: 4653: 7438: 6045: 5386: 5242: 4878: 4448:

Middleton, Richard; Buckley, David; Walser, Robert; Laing, Dave; Manuel, Peter (2001).

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How the Beatles Destroyed Rock N Roll: An Alternative History of American Popular Music

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The Emergence of Rock and Roll: Music and the Rise of American Youth Culture, Timeline

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This article is about the 1950s style of music. For the general rock music genre, see

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in the mid-to-late 1950s. The beat is essentially a dance rhythm with an accentuated

5381: 4613:... Fuller a worthy inheritor of early rock & roll and rockabilly traditions... 2918:

in the mid- to late '50s with upstarts named Presley, Lewis, Haley, Berry and Domino

2384: 1315:" into a more showy rocker and the Louis Prima rocker "Oh Babe" in 1950, as well as 600:

which were taken up by white musicians, aided this process of "cultural collision".

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All music guide to the blues : The experts' guide to the best blues recordings

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From its early 1950s beginnings through the early 1960s, rock and roll spawned new

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Rock'n'Roll (1959) - The only feature film of a live Rock'n'Roll concert ever made

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by Holly George-Warren, Patricia Romanowski, Jon Pareles (2001), Fireside Press (

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to become a preacher (October 1957), the departure of Presley for service in the

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that American artists weren't ready to concede their turf to the Brits just yet.

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In 1956, the arrival of rockabilly was underlined by the success of songs like "

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The migration of many former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers

7360: 6946: 6901: 6867: 6838: 6833: 6661: 6626: 6404: 6394: 6377: 6360: 6004: 5989: 5962: 5957: 5919: 5693: 5683: 5527: 5492: 5406: 5229: 5217: 3848: 1881:

In America, that concern was conveyed even in youth cultural artifacts such as

1729: 1610: 1478: 1418: 1414: 1390: 1304: 1240: 1153: 1090: 1026: 995: 983:

of rhythm and blues that came complete with lyrics that talked about rocking".

915: 827: 819: 798: 764: 755: 735: 668: 607: 391: 302: 298: 216: 69: 5300: 4953:

Something in the air: radio, rock, and the revolution that shaped a generation

4830: 4688: 4136:. The American Dance Floor. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood. p. 17. 4101: 3617: 3111:

K. Keightley, "Reconsidering rock", in S. Frith, W. Straw and J. Street, eds,

2277: 410:

in 1922. It was used in 1940s recordings and reviews of what became known as "

7538: 7315: 7194: 7137: 7088: 7021: 6961: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6872: 6740: 6666: 6646: 6595: 6541: 6372: 6343: 6269: 6094: 5999: 5892: 5819: 5779: 5632: 5552: 5285: 5180:"The Rock Window: A Way of Understanding Rock Music" by Paul Friedlander, in 3962: 3906:"Bo Diddley, guitarist who inspired the Beatles and the Stones, dies aged 79" 3594: 2569: 1918: 1785: 1757: 1721: 1717: 1650: 1598: 1541: 1533: 1517: 1501: 1470: 1438: 1248: 1231: 1133: 1119: 967:

In terms of its wide cultural impact across society in the US and elsewhere,

919: 911: 891: 883: 858: 842: 823: 815: 759: 727: 704: 688: 631: 568: 505: 419: 399: 274: 228: 212: 196: 192: 79: 64: 5977: 2711: 1577:, one of the first British rock and rollers, performing in Stockholm in 1957 199:

that evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. It

7320: 7174: 6951: 6811: 6651: 6641: 6486: 6425: 6338: 6333: 6294: 6060: 5984: 5934: 5924: 5814: 5537: 3165: 2028: 1817: 1733: 1725: 1646: 1574: 1545: 1505: 1482: 1474: 1458: 1445: 1383: 1348: 1316: 1264: 1137: 1097: 1003: 946: 903: 862: 807: 776: 708: 684: 676: 639: 445:

started to use the term to describe upbeat recordings such as "Rock Me" by

403: 220: 59: 3457: 2138:"The Roots of Rock 'n' Roll 1946–1954". 2004. Universal Music Enterprises. 7415: 7340: 7214: 7078: 6855: 6806: 6794: 6789: 6496: 6471: 6355: 6311: 5865: 5855: 5774: 5597: 5582: 5562: 5532: 5522: 5517: 5502: 5401: 4248:

The Seventh Stream – The Emergence of Rocknroll in American Popular Music

2584: 2508:

The Jazz Archivist: A Newsletter of the William Ransom Hogan Jazz Archive

2362: 1952: 1882: 1868: 1777: 1749: 1678: 1670: 1513: 1453: 1434: 1410: 1379: 1344: 1332: 1256: 1219: 1211: 1199: 1149: 1141: 1079: 1046: 1030: 987: 907: 899: 854: 802: 751: 672: 597: 547: 521: 517: 282: 278: 270: 4423:

Popular Music in America: And the Beat Goes on: Popular Music in America

4100:"Rock and Roll Pilgrims: Reflections on Ritual, Religiosity, and Race". 630:", in combination with either boogie-woogie and shouting gospel or with 555:

merging of the African musical tradition with European instrumentation.

7410: 7390: 7265: 7260: 7179: 6877: 6862: 6850: 6845: 6799: 6709: 6656: 6611: 6365: 6348: 6299: 5972: 5914: 5804: 5794: 5789: 5743: 5738: 5728: 5668: 5658: 5642: 5637: 5622: 5617: 5592: 5512: 5507: 5476: 5471: 5449: 5367: 4230: 4228: 3970: 3938: 3576: 3574: 2024: 1934: 1741: 1709: 1705: 1682: 1674: 1521: 1509: 1430: 1406: 1340: 1268: 1177: 1166: 1110: 1007: 991: 957: 938: 846: 788: 739: 680: 658: 643: 634:

of the 1940s and 1950s. Particularly significant influences were jazz,

627: 513: 492: 458: 375: 344: 340: 318: 262: 239: 224: 111: 106: 84: 21: 1851: 754:, both in urban-based dance bands and blues-influenced country swing ( 7480: 7475: 7465: 7460: 7455: 6989: 6399: 6382: 6321: 6089: 5860: 5850: 5845: 5769: 5764: 5733: 5723: 5708: 5703: 5678: 5673: 5663: 5627: 5612: 5587: 5567: 5557: 4390: 3402:"Ramblin' Round: Hank Williams: Kicking open that rock 'n' roll door" 2865: 1926: 1890: 1864: 1745: 1701: 1594: 1586: 1466: 1324: 1319:'s cover of what may have been the first white rock and roll record, 930: 838: 580: 560: 454: 322: 286: 250: 116: 5150:

All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul

4703: 4701: 4225: 3954: 3571: 3041: 1570: 1444:

During the late 1950s and early 1960s, the rawer sounds of Presley,

7370: 6084: 5809: 5799: 5577: 5497: 5454: 5411: 1930: 1922: 1497: 1493: 1303:(still in effect). One of the first relevant successful covers was 1042: 1018: 960:

and his Comets performing in the 1954 Universal International film

716: 543: 330: 258: 235: 5325: 5320: 3126:

R&B, Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music

7235: 7204: 7199: 6828: 6621: 6430: 6304: 6055: 5835: 4698: 1960: 1893:

movement, largely working class in origin, and eventually to the

1720:

scene developed, initially led by purist blues followers such as

1654: 1606: 576: 572: 435:. In 1942, before the concept of rock and roll had been defined, 395: 7345: 7184: 5784: 5304: 5116:

That old-time rock & roll: a chronicle of an era, 1954–1963

4819:

All Music Guide to the Blues: The Definitive Guide to the Blues

4333:

That old-time rock & roll: a chronicle of an era, 1954–1963

4268:

That old-time rock & roll: a chronicle of an era, 1954–1963

3809:, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, 3433:, "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, 3010:

That old-time rock & roll: a chronicle of an era, 1954–1963

2056:"The missing link in the evolution of rock and roll JUMP BLUES" 1956: 1713: 1426: 1260: 1252: 603: 500: 347:

with "rock music" and is defined as such in some dictionaries.

5222:"Hail, Hail, Rock 'n' Roll: The rock revolution gets underway" 4598:"The Bobby Fuller Four Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More" 4077: 2187:

S. Evans, "The development of the Blues" in A. F. Moore, ed.,

650:

for a white market, or a new hybrid of black and white forms.

7470: 7395: 7385: 7310: 7305: 7230: 7189: 5336: 4486: 1948: 1816:

States were entering a new phase, with the beginnings of the

1744:

of rock and roll and rhythm and blues from skiffle, like the

1602: 1049:

in the early 1950s. Also in 1955, Bo Diddley introduced the "

635: 496: 352: 246: 4940:

Rock Music: Where It's Been, What It Means, Where It's Going

3139:"Race Records, Rock Music Forbidden on U.S. Radio 1942–1955" 953: 7285: 7209: 6546: 4447: 4412:(Manchester: Manchester University Press ND, 1987), p. 110. 4359:

Blue Monday: Fats Domino and the Lost Dawn of Rock 'n' Roll

4111: 1944: 747: 593: 265:. Classic rock and roll is usually played with one or more 204: 74: 5148:

Bogdanov, V.; Woodstra, C.; Erlewine, S. T., eds. (2002).

4283:(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1996), pp. 183–84. 3998:"Paul McCartney Remembers 'Truly Magnificent' Fats Domino" 3508:(Boston, Massachusetts: Cengage Learning, 3rd ed., 2008), 1496:, the electronic treatment of sound by such innovators as 1409:'s ill-fated tour of Europe (October 1958), the deaths of 5840: 2193:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 40–42. 477: 5147: 4932: 4220:

The Complete Guide to the Music of The Beatles, Volume 2

3279:

Dance, Helen Oakley, "Walker, Aaron Thibeaux (T-Bone)",

3262:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 57. 3095:

Rock and Popular Music: Politics, Policies, Institutions

2983: 1855:"There's No Romance in Rock and Roll" made the cover of 491:

Not often acknowledged in the history of rock and roll,

4776:(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987), p. 78. 3375:"Sister Rosetta Tharpe: the godmother of rock 'n' roll" 3012:(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), pp. 4–6. 378:

that was documented no later than 1867 (just after the

4774:

From Blues to Rock: an Analytical History of Pop Music

4761:

I Wanna Be Me: Rock Music and the Politics of Identity

4570:"Johnny Rivers Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More" 4410:

From blues to rock: an analytical history of pop music

4348:(Oxford: Oxford University Press US, 2003), pp. 51–52. 4335:(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 201. 3527:"Listen to the first rock and roll song ever recorded" 3500: 3498: 3190:

A Left Hand Like God: a history of boogie-woogie piano

3115:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 116. 2814:"55 Years Ago: Rock 'n' Roll Fireball Alan Freed Dies" 2359:"Morgan Wright's HoyHoy.com: The Dawn of Rock 'n Roll" 1669:

promoted the careers of British rock and rollers like

96:

Late 1940s – early 1950s, United States

4966:

A people's history of the United States: 1492–present

4748:

British Cinema of the 1950s: The Decline of Deference

4425:(Publisher Cengage Learning, 3rd edn., 2008), p. 172. 3233:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 132 3156:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 111–125. 3065:"Rock 'n' roll pioneer Little Richard dies at age 87" 1508:, continued desegregation of the charts, the rise of 1180:

in Memphis. Three months earlier, on April 12, 1954,

986:

Other artists with early rock and roll hits included

5066: 4270:(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 6. 3723:

Louisiana Rocks! The True Genesis of Rock & Roll

2443:"Trixie Smith Helped Give Us The Term Rock And Roll" 1222:

and through them on the nature of later rock music.

1053:" and a unique electric guitar style, influenced by 5070:

The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media

4929:(Oxford: Oxford University Press US, 2003), p. 121. 4536:"Louisiana Music Hall of Fame - JOHNNY RIVERS 2009" 4029:"The 50s: A Decade of Music That Changed the World" 3495: 3477:"Will the creator of modern music please stand up?" 3107: 3105: 3103: 2225: 2223: 2221: 1247:Many of the earliest white rock and roll hits were 4787:The electric guitar: a history of an American icon 3471: 3469: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2679: 2471:Huey "Piano" Smith and the Rocking Pneumonia Blues 2233:(Oxford: Oxford University Press US, 2003), p. 35. 1925:rhythm especially suited to reviving Big Band-era 1276:" (a countrified arrangement of a blues number), " 5197:The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll 4096: 4094: 4092: 3610: 3143:, text in both English pp17-18 and French pp 3-4. 2495: 2413: 2190:The Cambridge companion to blues and gospel music 2175:DVD; Chicago : Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010 1370: 1355:, was very different from the blues shouter that 1172:In July 1954, Presley recorded the regional hit " 245:In the earliest rock and roll styles, either the 7536: 5316:The Smithsonian's history of the electric guitar 5211:The Sound of the City: the Rise of Rock and Roll 5132:. New York, NY: Schirmer Books. pp. 354–55. 4750:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 192. 3800: 3586: 3100: 2999:(University of Illinois Press, 2000), pp. 21–22. 2218: 2118:Creating Country Music: Fabricating Authenticity 1979: 1885:. In "There's No Romance in Rock and Roll" from 1728:who were inspired by American musicians such as 707:), "swing" ("It Rocks! It Rolls! It Swings!" by 622:The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the 5152:(3rd ed.). Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books. 5022: 5020: 4981:(University of Illinois Press, 2000), pp. 95–6. 4942:. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1972. 4927:All shook up: how rock 'n' roll changed America 4817:V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra, S. T. Erlewine, eds, 4724:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 60. 4711:(London: Taylor & Francis, 1974), pp. 38–9. 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4346:All shook up: how rock 'n' roll changed America 3466: 2962: 2385:"Baffled Knight, The (VWML Song Index SN17648)" 2231:All shook up: how rock 'n' roll changed America 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 1363:"), the Diamonds (The Gladiolas' "Little Darlin 5169:, by Paul Friedlander (1996), Westview Press ( 4993:Girls Rock!: Fifty Years of Women Making Music 4722:Understanding Rock: Essays in Musical Analysis 4436:Popular Music in America: And the Beat Goes on 4089: 3897: 3679:(4th print ed.). Durham, North Carolina: 3506:Popular Music in America: and the Beat Goes on 3211:Popular Music in America: And the Beat Goes on 3058: 3056: 618:" is regarded as a precursor to rock and roll. 592:, and African-American musical styles such as 484:". After Freed was honored with a star on the 7120: 6725: 5352: 5127: 4428: 4196: 4180: 4158:"Granville's Bill Flagg pioneered rockabilly" 3851:. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. 3424: 3283:. Denton: Texas State Historical Association. 2997:Race, Rock, and Elvis: Music in American Life 2081:Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll 1429:scandal implicating major figures, including 1218:acts and particularly on the song writing of 655:Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll 453:, was established as a music venue. In 1951, 281:(string bass). After the mid-1950s, electric 5118:(University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 10. 5017: 4968:(Pearson Education, 3rd edn., 2003), p. 450. 4811: 4763:(Temple University Press, 2001), pp. 117–18. 4674: 3038:(University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. 99. 3036:Race, rock, and Elvis Music in American life 3028: 2568:, page 25. Other examples are in describing 2009: 1061:and in turn influencing many later artists. 1045:; the latter two also made use of distorted 653:Contradicting Larry Birnbaum, the author of 4877: 4840: 4824: 4727: 4385:Popular culture: production and consumption 4281:Blue rhythms: six lives in rhythm and blues 3053: 3025:(University of Illinois Press, 2001), p. 4. 2183: 2181: 402:(rock and roll/pop/country). Blues singer 297:, because of its widespread appeal to both 7127: 7113: 6732: 6718: 5359: 5345: 4689:British Rock & Roll Before the Beatles 4438:(Cengage Learning, 3rd edn., 2008), p. 99. 3713: 3676:Present Tense: Rock & Roll and Culture 3213:(Cengage Learning, 3rd edn, 2008), p. 99. 2173:Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference 2171:17 June 2008 and also in print and in the 1776:groups with more blues influences include 31:"RnR" redirects here. For other uses, see 5216: 5004: 5002: 4492: 4396: 4234: 4117: 4083: 3580: 3047: 2677: 2361:. Hoyhoy.com. May 2, 1954. Archived from 2053: 425:In 1934, the song "Rock and Roll" by the 6739: 5294:) is being considered for deletion. See 5213:, by Charlie Gillett (1970), E.P. Dutton 5128:Campbell, Michael; Brody, James (1999). 5028:Family Life in Twentieth-Century America 4320:Country music: a biographical dictionary 3672: 3372: 3309: 2461: 2407: 2211:P. Hurry, M. Phillips, and M. Richards, 2178: 2146: 2144: 1850: 1569: 1559: 1374: 1235: 1114: 1096:Less frequently cited as an influencer, 952: 602: 542: 312: 5026:M. Coleman, L. H. Ganong, K. Warzinik, 5011:I'm a Man: Sex, Gods, and Rock 'n' Roll 4846: 4458:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46845 4307:Musical gumbo: the music of New Orleans 4129: 3113:The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock 2504:"Baby Doll Addendum and Mardi Gras '49" 2425:, eds. (1867). "#94: Rock O' My Soul". 2242: 2109: 945:and sung by Brenston), was recorded by 734:), "rhythm and blues" ("Honey Hush" by 499:, Nebraska, was the first to adopt the 329:The term "rock and roll" is defined by 325:, Ohio, in the origins of rock and roll 7537: 4999: 4990: 4859:from the original on December 21, 2010 4792: 4737:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003), pp. 69–80. 4506:"Surf Music Genre Overview – AllMusic" 4039:from the original on February 22, 2021 4026: 4008:from the original on November 25, 2020 3995: 3855:from the original on February 12, 2011 3748:from the original on November 22, 2016 3719: 3633: 3350:from the original on February 27, 2021 2984:Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002 2824:from the original on February 1, 2021. 2353: 2351: 1677:. Cliff Richard and his backing band, 1657:". At the same time, TV shows such as 1397:(March 1958), the scandal surrounding 527: 343:". The term is sometimes also used as 7570:Culture of the Southern United States 7108: 6713: 5340: 5039: 5008: 4720:J. R. Covach and G. MacDonald Boone, 4516:from the original on October 29, 2019 4322:(Taylor & Francis, 2003), p. 164. 4250:, Wesleyan University Press, p. 201, 3903: 3838:(Rough Guides, 3rd ed., 2003), p. 21. 3761: 3399: 3075:from the original on January 24, 2021 3062: 2876:from the original on February 2, 2021 2846:from the original on February 1, 2021 2773: 2752:from the original on January 25, 2021 2656:from the original on February 5, 2020 2604:the issue of October 9, 1943, page 67 2589:the issue of October 3, 1942, page 63 2501: 2389:The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 2141: 2034:What Was The First Rock'n'Roll Record 1985:"Elvis Rocks. But He's Not the First" 1828:ruling that abolished the policy of " 1791: 1653:reached number 2 in the charts with " 1425:(February 1959), the breaking of the 495:, the owner of radio station KOWH in 6584:Rock music and the fall of communism 4847:Robbins, Ira A. (February 7, 1964). 4383:C. L. Harrington and D. D. Bielby., 3936: 3885:from the original on August 22, 2012 3767: 3597:Illustrated History of Rock and Roll 3553:"Elvis Rocks but He's Not the First" 3315:Michael Campbell & James Brody, 3292:Michael Campbell & James Brody, 2929: 2722:from the original on January 8, 2021 2467: 2243:McNally, Dennis (October 26, 2014). 2054:Considine, J.D. (December 5, 1993). 203:from African American music such as 7600:Youth culture in the United Kingdom 5235:University of North Texas Libraries 4821:(Backbeat, 3rd edn., 2003), p. 700. 4735:The British folk revival, 1944–2002 4296:(Nova Publishers, 2002), pp. 86–88. 3939:"Rock! It's Still Rhythm and Blues" 3937:Redd, Lawrence N. (March 1, 1985). 3918:from the original on March 22, 2020 3788:from the original on April 24, 2016 3412:from the original on March 10, 2021 2794:from the original on March 10, 2021 2686:. New York: Citadel Press. p. 2574:the issue of June 27, 1942, page 76 2395:from the original on March 10, 2021 2348: 2336:from the original on March 10, 2021 2310:from the original on April 27, 2020 2304:Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary 2245:"How Rock and Roll Killed Jim Crow" 1697:" became a rock and roll standard. 1064: 814:, and the originator of the style, 722:The music was also called "blues" ( 414:" music aimed at a black audience. 408:"My Rocks Me with One Steady Roll" 13: 7595:Youth culture in the United States 7056:West Country / Scrumpy and Western 5193:, Volume I, number 1, Spring, 1988 5013:. Faber and Faber. pp. 46–48. 4626:"Bobby Fuller Four on Apple Music" 4294:Copyright: current issues and laws 3996:Leight, Elias (October 26, 2017). 3697:from the original on June 17, 2016 3400:Beaty, James (December 15, 2018). 2742:"Ch. 3 "Rockin' Around The Clock'" 2602:'s "Kansas City Boogie-Woogie" in 2431:. A. Simpson & Co. p. 73. 1437:(December 1959), and the death of 876:Strange Things Happening Every Day 14: 7626: 5298:to help reach a consensus. › 5277: 4799:Mersey Beat – the founders' story 4542:. October 4, 2018. Archived from 4474:from the original on May 22, 2020 4222:(Music Sales Group, 1998), p. 29. 4168:from the original on June 1, 2021 4133:Rock 'N' Roll Dances of the 1950s 4027:Palmer, Robert (April 19, 1990). 3977:from the original on May 25, 2019 3654:from the original on May 26, 2016 3592:Robert Palmer, "Rock Begins", in 3381:from the original on July 8, 2017 2950:from the original on June 1, 2021 2908:from the original on June 1, 2021 2544:from the original on June 1, 2021 2083:, Scarecrow Press, 2013, p.vii-x. 1973: 1921:. Teenagers found the syncopated 1625:(1956). Both movies featured the 1311:'s 1947 original jump blues hit " 1225: 1206:" by Perkins, and the No. 1 hit " 365:Vaughan Williams Memorial Library 7517: 7505: 7136: 6691: 6680: 6679: 5121: 5108: 5087: 5060: 5033: 4984: 4971: 4958: 4945: 4919: 4871: 4779: 4766: 4753: 4740: 4714: 4646: 4618: 4590: 4562: 4528: 4498: 4441: 4415: 4402: 4387:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2001), p. 162. 4377: 4364: 4305:G. Lichtenstein and L. Dankner. 3904:Brown, Jonathan (June 3, 2008). 2428:Slave Songs of the United States 2274:The American Heritage Dictionary 1740:. Many groups moved towards the 1214:, would be a major influence on 730:), "rhythm music" ("Hambone" by 289:became popular in classic rock. 6502:Progressive rock (radio format) 5183:Tracking: Popular Music Studies 5167:Rock and Roll: A Social History 4654:"Bobby Fuller | TheAudioDB.com" 4351: 4338: 4325: 4312: 4299: 4286: 4273: 4260: 4240: 4212: 4150: 4123: 4051: 4020: 3989: 3930: 3867: 3841: 3828: 3666: 3627: 3545: 3519: 3451: 3393: 3373:Williams, R. 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Archived from 2132: 2086: 2073: 2047: 1371:Decline and later developments 1006:. Chuck Berry's 1955 classic " 308: 261:, almost always provided by a 26:Rock and roll (disambiguation) 1: 5283: 4361:(Da Capo Press, 2007), p. 95. 4309:(W. W. Norton, 1993), p. 775. 2774:Ennis, Philip (May 9, 2012). 2514:. Tulane University Libraries 2330:"The United Service Magazine" 2215:(Heinemann, 2001), pp. 153–4. 1966: 1691:Johnny Kidd & the Pirates 1353:Freddie Bell and the Bellboys 1290:Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller 1104: 695:or "Good Rockin' Tonight" by 4894:All Music Guide to the Blues 4837:. Retrieved August 10, 2009. 4540:Louisiana Music Hall of Fame 3281:The Handbook of Texas Online 3231:The rise of a jazz art world 2098:(New York: Hyperion, 1995), 1798:Social effects of rock music 1405:(May 1958), riots caused by 432:Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round 234:According to the journalist 7: 7615:Counterculture of the 1950s 7524:Rhythm and blues portal 7029:Newfoundland & Labrador 6532:List of years in rock music 5189:September 23, 2006, at the 4955:(Marc Fisher, 2007), p. 53. 4209:. Retrieved August 6, 2009. 4193:. Retrieved August 6, 2009. 4108:. Retrieved August 6, 2009. 3774:. Hal Leonard. p. 61. 3624:. Retrieved March 24, 2012. 3344:Foodservice and Hospitality 3063:Trott, Bill (May 9, 2020). 2896:"From Hit Parade to Top 40" 2777:The History of American Pop 1627:Bill Haley & His Comets 1301:United States copyright law 1267:to great popularity on the 1182:Bill Haley & His Comets 1010:" in particular features a 924:Bill Haley & His Comets 470:Billy Ward and his Dominoes 10: 7631: 6637:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 5140: 5046:. McFarland. p. 150. 4849:"British Invasion (music)" 4804:February 24, 2021, at the 4789:(JHU Press, 2004), p. 150. 4695:. Retrieved June 24, 2009. 4408:D. Hatch and S. Millward, 4063:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 3732:Pelican Publishing Company 3673:DeCurtis, Anthony (1992). 3637:Chuck Berry: The Biography 2780:. Greenhaven. p. 18. 2306:. Merriam-Webster Online. 1844: 1795: 1563: 1229: 1108: 868:first rock and roll record 536: 532: 18: 7493: 7446: 7430: 7423: 7403: 7378: 7353: 7328: 7298: 7273: 7248: 7223: 7162: 7150: 7066: 6972: 6927:Traditional country music 6750: 6675: 6604: 6559:Electronics in rock music 6510: 6464: 6439: 6413: 6262: 6225:Hard rock and heavy metal 6018: 5950: 5885: 5878: 5828: 5752: 5719:Pub rock (United Kingdom) 5651: 5485: 5437: 5422: 5374: 5073:. Routledge. p. 98. 4881:(1996). "Blues rock". In 4687:Unterberger, Richie. 4374:(Greenwood, 2008), p. 79. 4246:Ennis, Philip H. (1992), 4130:Sagolla, Lisa Jo (2011). 3616:Unterberger, Richie. 2572:'s "Coming Out Party" in 2474:. LSU Press. p. 75. 2344:– via Google Books. 1716:. About the same time, a 794:Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll 141: 136: 129: 124: 100: 92: 48: 43: 7610:Italian-American culture 7560:American styles of music 7550:African-American culture 7512:United States portal 6537:Origins of rock and roll 5310:The Camp Meeting Jubilee 5296:templates for discussion 5040:Nolan, Michelle (2008). 4995:. Lexington. p. 24. 4372:Music of the postwar era 3618:Birth of Rock & Roll 3303:August 19, 2020, at the 2678:Bordowitz, Hank (2004). 2587:'s "It's Sand, Man", in 2213:Heinemann advanced music 2095:The History of the Blues 1981:Christopher John, Farley 1774:British rhythm and blues 1754:Freddie and the Dreamers 1536:, who with hits such as 1527:While the sounds of the 1403:thirteen-year-old cousin 1156:, came out of the black 1122:in a promotion shot for 539:Origins of rock and roll 145:Origins of rock and roll 6775:Christian country music 6477:Adult album alternative 5099:March 24, 2012, at the 4772:D. Hatch, S. Millward, 3836:The rough guide to rock 3607:(UK edition), pp. 3–14. 3358:– via Billboard. 3325:March 11, 2021, at the 2579:April 30, 2016, at the 2164:Encyclopædia Britannica 2157:April 17, 2020, at the 1810: 1693:, whose 1960 hit song " 1540:(1964), popularized a " 1072:The Wall Street Journal 374:", an African-American 361:James Madison Carpenter 336:Encyclopædia Britannica 7555:African-American music 6892:Neotraditional country 6569:Rock Against Communism 5968:Brazilian thrash metal 5250:(1996), Random House ( 3406:McAlester News-Capital 2609:June 29, 2016, at the 2594:June 10, 2016, at the 2415:Allen, William Francis 1860: 1578: 1386: 1337:Shake, Rattle and Roll 1244: 1129: 964: 824:Chicago electric blues 744: 711:) or "boogie woogie" ( 619: 551: 486:Hollywood Walk of Fame 326: 155:African-American music 24:. For other uses, see 16:Genre of popular music 7575:1950s fads and trends 7439:Urban (industry term) 6932:Truck-driving country 6591:Rockism and poptimism 6051:British rock and roll 4991:Carson, Mina (2004). 4979:Race, rock, and Elvis 3815:Duke University Press 3681:Duke University Press 3640:. Aurum. p. 38. 3634:Collis, John (2002). 3439:Duke University Press 2818:Ultimate Classic Rock 2631:May 11, 2020, at the 2502:Brock, Jerry (2015). 2419:Ware, Charles Pickard 2115:Peterson, Richard A. 1899:Dion and the Belmonts 1854: 1631:Rock Around the Clock 1622:Rock Around the Clock 1573: 1566:British rock and roll 1560:British rock and roll 1550:The Bobby Fuller Four 1378: 1307:'s transformation of 1278:Baby Let's Play House 1239: 1118: 1021:created by his small 973:Rock Around the Clock 956: 872:Sister Rosetta Tharpe 845:and modern condenser 787:, the development of 664: 606: 546: 447:Sister Rosetta Tharpe 429:appeared in the film 316: 295:civil rights movement 7434:Contemporary R&B 7143:Black American music 6426:Sahara desert region 5714:Pub rock (Australia) 5009:Padel, Ruth (2000). 4938:Schafer, William J. 4899:Miller Freeman Books 3768:Dave, Rubin (2007). 3720:Aswell, Tom (2010). 3188:Peter J. Silvester, 2820:. January 20, 2020. 2423:Garrison, Lucy McKim 2332:. October 22, 2017. 1490:multitrack recording 1313:Good Rocking Tonight 937:and his Delta Cats ( 457:, Ohio, disc jockey 359:" to the folklorist 285:("Fender bass") and 33:RNR (disambiguation) 7366:Chopped and screwed 7154:American folk music 6957:Texas country music 6907:Progressive country 6817:Alternative country 6617:List of rock genres 6579:Rock Against Sexism 6574:Rock Against Racism 6482:Album-oriented rock 4879:Unterberger, Richie 4450:"Pop | Grove Music" 3817:, 1992, pp. 24–27. 3533:. November 13, 2021 2901:The Washington Post 2718:. January 4, 2011. 2468:Wirt, John (2014). 1770:the Dave Clark Five 1263:and increasing the 1196:Folsom Prison Blues 1176:" at Sam Phillips' 943:The Kings of Rhythm 750:, and particularly 528:Early rock and roll 441:magazine columnist 7165:Early 20th century 7012:Cape Breton fiddle 6780:Country en Español 4925:G. C. Altschuler, 4658:www.theaudiodb.com 4546:on October 4, 2018 4434:M. Campbell, ed., 4399:, show 7, track 4. 4344:G. C. Altschuler, 4237:, show 4, track 5. 4065:. January 21, 2018 3583:, show 5, show 55. 3531:Faroutmagazine.com 3504:M. Campbell, ed., 3346:. March 22, 2017. 3209:M. Campbell, ed., 3050:, show 3, show 55. 2842:. August 4, 2014. 2449:. November 9, 2013 2229:G. C. Altschuler, 1997:on August 17, 2013 1940:American Bandstand 1903:A Teenager in Love 1875:American Bandstand 1861: 1830:separate but equal 1826:U.S. Supreme Court 1792:Cultural influence 1782:the Rolling Stones 1579: 1554:"I Fought the Law" 1401:' marriage to his 1395:United States Army 1387: 1297:compulsory license 1245: 1130: 965: 962:Round Up of Rhythm 620: 552: 416:Huey "Piano" Smith 357:The Baffled Knight 327: 167:(often written as 7565:Rock music genres 7532: 7531: 7489: 7488: 7170:Call and response 7102: 7101: 7074:Appalachian music 6997:Bakersfield sound 6785:Country and Irish 6707: 6706: 6632:Progressive music 6460: 6459: 5898:Palm Desert Scene 5874: 5873: 5548:Experimental rock 5445:Instrumental rock 5328:– Omemee, Ontario 5043:Love on the Racks 4897:. San Francisco: 4883:Erlewine, Michael 4709:The Youth Culture 4467:978-1-56159-263-0 4256:978-0-8195-6257-9 4143:978-0-313-36556-0 3734:. pp. 61–5. 3728:Gretna, Louisiana 2904:. June 28, 1992. 2748:. June 22, 2020. 2697:978-0-8065-2631-7 2652:. March 4, 2018. 2481:978-0-8071-5297-3 2060:The Baltimore Sun 1887:True Life Romance 1857:True Life Romance 1824:, leading to the 1643:Wee Willie Harris 1616:Blackboard Jungle 1583:a common language 1504:" productions of 1357:Big Mama Thornton 1282:Lawdy Miss Clawdy 1187:Blackboard Jungle 687:and his creature 590:gramophone record 162: 161: 49:Stylistic origins 7622: 7605:1950s neologisms 7522: 7521: 7520: 7510: 7509: 7508: 7449: 7428: 7427: 7291:Psychedelic soul 7241:Rhythm and blues 7141: 7140: 7129: 7122: 7115: 7106: 7105: 6942:New Mexico music 6734: 6727: 6720: 6711: 6710: 6695: 6683: 6682: 6552:Rhythm and blues 6527:British Invasion 5883: 5882: 5760:Alternative rock 5699:Post-progressive 5608:Psychedelic rock 5603:Progressive rock 5435: 5434: 5431: 5425:decade of origin 5361: 5354: 5347: 5338: 5337: 5248:David Halberstam 5238: 5226: 5163: 5134: 5133: 5125: 5119: 5112: 5106: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5037: 5031: 5024: 5015: 5014: 5006: 4997: 4996: 4988: 4982: 4977:M. T. Bertrand, 4975: 4969: 4962: 4956: 4949: 4943: 4936: 4930: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4844: 4838: 4831:British Invasion 4828: 4822: 4815: 4809: 4796: 4790: 4783: 4777: 4770: 4764: 4757: 4751: 4744: 4738: 4731: 4725: 4718: 4712: 4705: 4696: 4685: 4672: 4671: 4666: 4664: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4636: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4580: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4553: 4551: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4445: 4439: 4432: 4426: 4419: 4413: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4381: 4375: 4368: 4362: 4355: 4349: 4342: 4336: 4329: 4323: 4316: 4310: 4303: 4297: 4290: 4284: 4277: 4271: 4264: 4258: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4223: 4216: 4210: 4200: 4194: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4098: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3845: 3839: 3832: 3826: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3765: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3704: 3702: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3631: 3625: 3614: 3608: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3523: 3517: 3502: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3483:. April 16, 2004 3473: 3464: 3455: 3449: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3336: 3330: 3313: 3307: 3290: 3284: 3277: 3271: 3257: 3251: 3240: 3234: 3227: 3221: 3207: 3201: 3186: 3180: 3163: 3157: 3150: 3144: 3142: 3135: 3129: 3122: 3116: 3109: 3098: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3060: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3034:M. T. Bertrand, 3032: 3026: 3019: 3013: 3006: 3000: 2995:M. T. Bertrand, 2993: 2987: 2981: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2872:. May 27, 1991. 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2685: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2661: 2642: 2636: 2620: 2614: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2540:. May 30, 1942. 2534:"Record Reviews" 2530: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2381: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2365:on June 24, 2011 2355: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2266: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2240: 2234: 2227: 2216: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2185: 2176: 2148: 2139: 2136: 2130: 2113: 2107: 2092:Davis, Francis. 2090: 2084: 2079:Larry Birnbaum, 2077: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2051: 2045: 2022: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1993:. Archived from 1983:(July 6, 2004). 1977: 1847:Youth subculture 1766:Herman's Hermits 1695:Shakin' All Over 1660:Six-Five Special 1529:British Invasion 1366: 1362: 1274:That's All Right 1259:speeding up the 1216:British Invasion 1208:Heartbreak Hotel 1204:Blue Suede Shoes 1174:That's All Right 1158:rhythm and blues 1065:Rhythm and blues 1059:Afro-Cuban music 918:" (1949) (later 880:That's All Right 832:Robert Christgau 771:'s 1938 single " 648:rhythm and blues 624:rhythm and blues 483: 466:Sixty Minute Man 443:Maurie Orodenker 412:rhythm and blues 372:Bosom of Abraham 267:electric guitars 209:rhythm and blues 101:Derivative forms 93:Cultural origins 55:Rhythm and blues 41: 40: 36: 29: 7630: 7629: 7625: 7624: 7623: 7621: 7620: 7619: 7535: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7506: 7504: 7485: 7447: 7442: 7419: 7408: 7399: 7383: 7374: 7358: 7349: 7333: 7324: 7303: 7294: 7278: 7269: 7253: 7244: 7228: 7219: 7158: 7146: 7135: 7133: 7103: 7098: 7084:Classic country 7062: 7041:Nashville sound 7007:Canadian fiddle 6973:Regional scenes 6968: 6912:Sertanejo music 6746: 6738: 6708: 6703: 6671: 6600: 6520: 6506: 6492:Mainstream rock 6456: 6435: 6409: 6258: 6014: 5946: 5879:Regional scenes 5870: 5824: 5748: 5689:Industrial rock 5647: 5543:Electronic rock 5481: 5429: 5428:(sub-subgenres 5427: 5426: 5424: 5418: 5397:Electric guitar 5370: 5365: 5321:History of Rock 5299: 5280: 5275: 5224: 5218:Gilliland, John 5191:Wayback Machine 5160: 5143: 5138: 5137: 5126: 5122: 5113: 5109: 5101:Wayback Machine 5094:sixtiescity.com 5092: 5088: 5081: 5065: 5061: 5054: 5038: 5034: 5025: 5018: 5007: 5000: 4989: 4985: 4976: 4972: 4963: 4959: 4950: 4946: 4937: 4933: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4876: 4872: 4862: 4860: 4845: 4841: 4829: 4825: 4816: 4812: 4806:Wayback Machine 4797: 4793: 4785:A. J. Millard, 4784: 4780: 4771: 4767: 4758: 4754: 4745: 4741: 4732: 4728: 4719: 4715: 4707:D. O'Sullivan, 4706: 4699: 4686: 4675: 4662: 4660: 4652: 4651: 4647: 4634: 4632: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4606: 4604: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4578: 4576: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4549: 4547: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4491: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4468: 4446: 4442: 4433: 4429: 4420: 4416: 4407: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4382: 4378: 4369: 4365: 4356: 4352: 4343: 4339: 4330: 4326: 4317: 4313: 4304: 4300: 4291: 4287: 4278: 4274: 4265: 4261: 4245: 4241: 4233: 4226: 4217: 4213: 4201: 4197: 4185: 4181: 4171: 4169: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4144: 4128: 4124: 4116: 4112: 4099: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4009: 4002:Rolling Stone.l 3994: 3990: 3980: 3978: 3955:10.2307/1214792 3935: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3911:The Independent 3902: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3833: 3829: 3805: 3801: 3791: 3789: 3782: 3766: 3762: 3751: 3749: 3742: 3718: 3714: 3700: 3698: 3691: 3671: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3648: 3632: 3628: 3615: 3611: 3591: 3587: 3579: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3559:. June 30, 2017 3551: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3503: 3496: 3486: 3484: 3475: 3474: 3467: 3456: 3452: 3441:, 1992, p. 19. 3429: 3425: 3415: 3413: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3371: 3367: 3353: 3351: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3327:Wayback Machine 3314: 3310: 3305:Wayback Machine 3291: 3287: 3278: 3274: 3258: 3254: 3241: 3237: 3228: 3224: 3208: 3204: 3187: 3183: 3164: 3160: 3151: 3147: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3123: 3119: 3110: 3101: 3092: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3061: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3033: 3029: 3020: 3016: 3007: 3003: 2994: 2990: 2982: 2963: 2953: 2951: 2944: 2928: 2924: 2911: 2909: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2788: 2772: 2768: 2755: 2753: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2725: 2723: 2716:History of Rock 2710: 2709: 2705: 2698: 2676: 2672: 2659: 2657: 2644: 2643: 2639: 2633:Wayback Machine 2626:, June 12, 1943 2621: 2617: 2611:Wayback Machine 2596:Wayback Machine 2581:Wayback Machine 2561: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2500: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2412: 2408: 2398: 2396: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2368: 2366: 2357: 2356: 2349: 2339: 2337: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2300:"Rock and roll" 2298: 2297: 2293: 2283: 2281: 2280:on May 24, 2009 2268: 2267: 2263: 2253: 2251: 2249:The Daily Beast 2241: 2237: 2228: 2219: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2186: 2179: 2159:Wayback Machine 2152:"Rock and roll" 2149: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2114: 2110: 2091: 2087: 2078: 2074: 2064: 2062: 2052: 2048: 2023: 2010: 2000: 1998: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1911: 1849: 1843: 1813: 1800: 1794: 1762:the Mindbenders 1568: 1562: 1492:, developed by 1450:Jerry Lee Lewis 1399:Jerry Lee Lewis 1373: 1364: 1360: 1321:Hardrock Gunter 1234: 1228: 1146:Jerry Lee Lewis 1113: 1107: 1067: 1051:Bo Diddley beat 1023:valve amplifier 1017:solo with warm 1015:electric guitar 1000:Jerry Lee Lewis 980:Alexis Petridis 935:Jackie Brenston 888:Move It On Over 863:niche audiences 812:Gatemouth Brown 724:My Baby Left Me 701:Dizzy Gillespie 693:Jackie Brenston 642:, country, and 626:, then called " 541: 535: 530: 481: 427:Boswell Sisters 388:Louis Armstrong 384:The Jordanaires 311: 255:electric guitar 169:rock & roll 150:list of artists 125:Regional scenes 37: 30: 19: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7628: 7618: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7514: 7502: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7452: 7450: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7425: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7413: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7361:New jack swing 7354: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7299: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7224: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7132: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7109: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7070: 7068: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7026: 7025: 7024: 7019: 7014: 6999: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6982: 6976: 6974: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6902:Outlaw country 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6868:Heartland rock 6860: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6843: 6842: 6841: 6839:Gothic Western 6834:Gothic country 6831: 6826: 6825: 6824: 6809: 6804: 6803: 6802: 6797: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6754: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6737: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6714: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6689: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6664: 6662:Wagnerian rock 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6627:Outlaw country 6624: 6619: 6614: 6608: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6564:Social effects 6561: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6534: 6529: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6515: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 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V. Martin, 4285: 4272: 4259: 4239: 4235:Gilliland 1969 4224: 4218:P. Humphries, 4211: 4195: 4179: 4149: 4142: 4122: 4118:Gilliland 1969 4110: 4088: 4084:Gilliland 1969 4076: 4059:"LaVern Baker" 4050: 4019: 3988: 3929: 3896: 3866: 3840: 3827: 3799: 3780: 3760: 3741:978-1589806771 3740: 3712: 3689: 3665: 3646: 3626: 3609: 3585: 3581:Gilliland 1969 3570: 3544: 3518: 3494: 3465: 3450: 3423: 3392: 3365: 3331: 3308: 3285: 3272: 3252: 3235: 3222: 3202: 3181: 3158: 3145: 3130: 3117: 3099: 3086: 3052: 3048:Gilliland 1969 3040: 3027: 3014: 3001: 2988: 2986:, p. 1303 2961: 2943:978-0415833134 2942: 2922: 2887: 2857: 2827: 2805: 2787:978-1420506723 2786: 2766: 2733: 2703: 2696: 2670: 2637: 2615: 2600:Deryck Sampson 2566:, May 30, 1942 2555: 2525: 2494: 2480: 2460: 2434: 2406: 2376: 2347: 2321: 2291: 2261: 2235: 2217: 2204: 2195: 2177: 2140: 2131: 2121:(1999), p. 9, 2108: 2085: 2072: 2046: 2008: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1917:including the 1910: 1907: 1845:Main article: 1842: 1839: 1812: 1809: 1796:Main article: 1793: 1790: 1730:Robert Johnson 1611:Lonnie Donegan 1609:craze, led by 1564:Main article: 1561: 1558: 1548:and his group 1479:Frankie Avalon 1419:Ritchie Valens 1415:The Big Bopper 1391:Little Richard 1382:and his band, 1372: 1369: 1305:Wynonie Harris 1241:Little Richard 1230:Main article: 1227: 1226:Cover versions 1224: 1154:Little Richard 1125:Jailhouse Rock 1109:Main article: 1106: 1103: 1091:Little Richard 1066: 1063: 1035:Willie Johnson 1027:Joe Hill Louis 996:Little Richard 916:Rock the Joint 910:" (1949), and 828:electric blues 820:Country boogie 801:proposes that 799:Keith Richards 765:Big Joe Turner 756:Jimmie Rodgers 746:In the 1930s, 736:Big Joe Turner 669:Little Richard 608:Big Joe Turner 588:spread of the 537:Main article: 534: 531: 529: 526: 392:Lonnie Donegan 390:(jazz/swing), 310: 307: 303:white American 299:Black American 217:electric blues 160: 159: 158: 157: 152: 147: 139: 138: 134: 133: 131:United Kingdom 127: 126: 122: 121: 120: 119: 114: 109: 102: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 88: 87: 82: 77: 72: 70:electric blues 67: 62: 57: 50: 46: 45: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7627: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7585:Radio formats 7583: 7581: 7580:Popular music 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7545:Rock and roll 7543: 7542: 7540: 7525: 7515: 7513: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7495: 7492: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7445: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7429: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7256:Rock and roll 7254: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7222: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7195:Boogie-woogie 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7155: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7130: 7125: 7123: 7118: 7116: 7111: 7110: 7107: 7095: 7094:Rock and roll 7092: 7090: 7089:Country radio 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7065: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7036:Lubbock sound 7034: 7030: 7027: 7023: 7022:Quebec fiddle 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6991: 6988: 6987: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6971: 6963: 6962:Western swing 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6937:Western music 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6922:Talking blues 6920: 6918: 6917:Southern soul 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6873:Southern rock 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6861: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6847: 6844: 6840: 6837: 6836: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6742: 6741:Country music 6735: 6730: 6728: 6723: 6721: 6716: 6715: 6712: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6678: 6677: 6674: 6668: 6667:Wall of Sound 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6647:Rock festival 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6603: 6597: 6596:Women in rock 6594: 6592: 6589: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6566: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6542:Country music 6540: 6539: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6509: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465:Radio formats 6463: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6438: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6290: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6230:Extreme metal 6228: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6017: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5951:South America 5949: 5943: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5886:North America 5884: 5881: 5877: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5633:Southern rock 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5553:Flamenco rock 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5461: 5460:Rock and roll 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5433: 5430:not included) 5421: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5402:Electric bass 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5362: 5357: 5355: 5350: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5302: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5281: 5271: 5270:0-679-73728-6 5267: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5256:0-517-15607-5 5253: 5249: 5245: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5231: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5205:0-7432-0120-5 5202: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5176: 5175:0-8133-2725-3 5172: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5159:0-87930-653-X 5155: 5151: 5146: 5145: 5131: 5124: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5098: 5095: 5090: 5082: 5080:9780415078214 5076: 5072: 5071: 5063: 5055: 5053:9781476604909 5049: 5045: 5044: 5036: 5029: 5023: 5021: 5012: 5005: 5003: 4994: 4987: 4980: 4974: 4967: 4961: 4954: 4948: 4941: 4935: 4928: 4922: 4914: 4912:0-87930-424-3 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4874: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4820: 4814: 4807: 4803: 4800: 4795: 4788: 4782: 4775: 4769: 4762: 4756: 4749: 4743: 4736: 4730: 4723: 4717: 4710: 4704: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4670: 4659: 4655: 4649: 4642: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4614: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4586: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4558: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4531: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4494: 4489: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4431: 4424: 4421:M. Campbell, 4418: 4411: 4405: 4398: 4393: 4386: 4380: 4373: 4367: 4360: 4354: 4347: 4341: 4334: 4328: 4321: 4315: 4308: 4302: 4295: 4289: 4282: 4276: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4236: 4231: 4229: 4221: 4215: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4145: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4126: 4119: 4114: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4085: 4080: 4064: 4060: 4054: 4038: 4034: 4033:Rolling Stone 4030: 4023: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3933: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3900: 3884: 3880: 3879:Rolling Stone 3876: 3870: 3854: 3850: 3844: 3837: 3831: 3824: 3823:0-8223-1265-4 3820: 3816: 3812: 3811:Present Tense 3808: 3807:Robert Palmer 3803: 3787: 3783: 3781:9781423416661 3777: 3773: 3772: 3764: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3716: 3709: 3696: 3692: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3677: 3669: 3653: 3649: 3647:9781854108739 3643: 3639: 3638: 3630: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3606: 3605:0-330-26568-7 3602: 3599:, 1976/1980, 3598: 3596: 3595:Rolling Stone 3589: 3582: 3577: 3575: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3515: 3514:0-495-50530-7 3511: 3507: 3501: 3499: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3470: 3463: 3459: 3458:Jimmy Preston 3454: 3448: 3447:0-8223-1265-4 3444: 3440: 3436: 3435:Present Tense 3432: 3431:Robert Palmer 3427: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3380: 3376: 3369: 3362: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3282: 3276: 3269: 3268:9780807169322 3265: 3261: 3256: 3249: 3248:0-8223-1265-4 3245: 3239: 3232: 3229:P. D. Lopes, 3226: 3220: 3219:0-495-50530-7 3216: 3212: 3206: 3199: 3198:0-306-80359-3 3195: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3178:0-436-53203-4 3175: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3155: 3149: 3140: 3134: 3127: 3121: 3114: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3096: 3090: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3059: 3057: 3049: 3044: 3037: 3031: 3024: 3021:J. M. Salem, 3018: 3011: 3005: 2998: 2992: 2985: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2949: 2945: 2939: 2936:. Routledge. 2935: 2934: 2926: 2919: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2891: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2861: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2779: 2778: 2770: 2763: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2737: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2699: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2683: 2674: 2667: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2641: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2619: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2570:Vaughn Monroe 2567: 2565: 2559: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2498: 2483: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2464: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2352: 2335: 2331: 2325: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2295: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2250: 2246: 2239: 2232: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2214: 2208: 2199: 2192: 2191: 2184: 2182: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2147: 2145: 2135: 2128: 2127:0-226-66285-3 2124: 2120: 2119: 2112: 2105: 2104:0-7868-8124-0 2101: 2097: 2096: 2089: 2082: 2076: 2061: 2057: 2050: 2044: 2043:0-571-12939-0 2040: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1996: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1982: 1976: 1972: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1822:desegregation 1820:movement for 1819: 1808: 1804: 1799: 1789: 1787: 1786:the Yardbirds 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758:Wayne Fontana 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1722:Alexis Korner 1719: 1718:British blues 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1656: 1652: 1651:Cliff Richard 1648: 1644: 1638: 1636: 1635:US pop charts 1632: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1599:boogie woogie 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1534:Johnny Rivers 1530: 1525: 1523: 1520:dance craze. 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1502:Wall of Sound 1499: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1471:Jimmy Clanton 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1439:Eddie Cochran 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1423:a plane crash 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1368: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1299:provision of 1298: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1232:Cover version 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1134:Elvis Presley 1127: 1126: 1121: 1120:Elvis Presley 1117: 1112: 1102: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1086:Rolling Stone 1081: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1041:'s band, and 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 984: 981: 976: 974: 970: 963: 959: 955: 951: 948: 944: 941:and his band 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 912:Jimmy Preston 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 892:Hank Williams 889: 885: 884:Arthur Crudup 881: 877: 873: 869: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 843:45 rpm record 840: 835: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 816:T-Bone Walker 813: 809: 804: 800: 796: 795: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 773:Roll 'Em Pete 770: 767:with pianist 766: 761: 760:Moon Mullican 757: 753: 749: 743: 741: 737: 733: 729: 728:Arthur Crudup 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 705:John Coltrane 702: 698: 694: 690: 689:Elvis Presley 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 663: 660: 656: 651: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 632:country music 629: 625: 617: 616:Roll 'Em Pete 613: 609: 605: 601: 599: 595: 591: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 569:New York City 566: 562: 558: 549: 545: 540: 525: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 502: 498: 494: 489: 487: 479: 473: 471: 467: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 439: 434: 433: 428: 423: 421: 420:Cha Cha Hogan 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 400:Elvis Presley 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 348: 346: 342: 338: 337: 332: 324: 320: 315: 306: 304: 300: 296: 290: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 243: 241: 237: 232: 230: 229:country music 227:, as well as 226: 222: 218: 214: 213:boogie-woogie 210: 206: 202: 198: 197:popular music 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 177:rock 'n' roll 174: 170: 166: 165:Rock and roll 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 142: 140: 135: 132: 128: 123: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 104: 103: 99: 95: 91: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 65:boogie-woogie 63: 61: 58: 56: 53: 52: 51: 47: 44:Rock and roll 42: 39: 34: 27: 23: 7498: 7405: 7380: 7355: 7330: 7321:Garage house 7300: 7275: 7255: 7250: 7225: 7175:Field holler 7164: 7152: 7093: 7017:Métis fiddle 6812:Country rock 6696: 6684: 6652:Rock musical 6642:Rock concert 6487:Classic rock 6216:Yugoslavian 6061:Post-Britpop 5942:Puerto Rican 5935:Chicano rock 5815:Slacker rock 5538:Country rock 5503:Baroque rock 5459: 5289: 5261: 5241: 5228: 5210: 5196: 5182: 5166: 5149: 5129: 5123: 5115: 5110: 5103: 5089: 5069: 5062: 5042: 5035: 5027: 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Aquila, 4951:M. Fisher, 4759:T. Gracyk, 4746:V. Porter, 4630:Apple Music 4331:R. Aquila, 4318:R. Carlin. 4279:C. Deffaa, 4266:R. Aquila, 3859:October 27, 3792:October 17, 3752:October 17, 3701:October 17, 3658:October 17, 3416:November 5, 3298:pp. 110–111 3124:N. Kelley, 3008:R. 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Tyler, 4203:Bill Haley 4102:Rockabilly 3690:0822312654 3361:guitarist. 2650:Britannica 2025:Jim Dawson 1967:References 1935:Dick Clark 1905:" (1959). 1742:beat music 1710:Birmingham 1706:Manchester 1683:Billy Fury 1675:Adam Faith 1587:Teddy Boys 1510:surf music 1431:Alan Freed 1407:Bill Haley 1341:Etta James 1335:cover of " 1269:juke joint 1178:Sun Studio 1167:Bill Flagg 1111:Rockabilly 1105:Rockabilly 1008:Maybellene 992:Bo Diddley 969:Bill Haley 958:Bill Haley 939:Ike Turner 926:in 1952), 886:(1946), " 870:" include 861:servicing 789:jump blues 781:West Coast 740:Hal Singer 681:Bill Haley 659:Bruno Blum 628:race music 493:Todd Storz 459:Alan Freed 345:synonymous 341:rock music 319:Alan Freed 263:snare drum 240:rock music 225:jump blues 201:originated 189:proto-rock 85:jump blues 22:Rock music 7481:UK garage 7476:Vaporwave 7466:Synth-pop 7461:Dance-pop 7456:Chillwave 7448:Elsewhere 6990:Bush band 6822:Americana 6758:Bluegrass 6395:Taiwanese 6378:Pakistani 6361:Malaysian 6289:1959–1975 6285:Cambodian 6247:Post-punk 6212:Ukrainian 6192:Slovenian 6162:Norwegian 6132:Icelandic 6127:Hungarian 6090:Nederbeat 6005:Uruguayan 5990:Colombian 5963:Brazilian 5958:Argentine 5920:Dominican 5861:Sufi rock 5851:Post-rock 5846:Math rock 5820:Trop rock 5770:Dream pop 5765:Deathrock 5734:Soft rock 5724:Punk rock 5709:Power pop 5704:Post-punk 5679:Glam rock 5674:Funk rock 5664:Cock rock 5628:Soft rock 5613:Raga rock 5588:Krautrock 5583:Jazz rock 5568:Hard rock 5558:Folk rock 5423:Genres by 5392:Rock band 4964:H. 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