650:
1325:
626:(which included lithographic depictions of Sikhs and Punjabis) was a big success and many copies of the work made their way to Punjab where they ended up giving further shape to the emerging Punjabi Company School. Schoefft spent over a year in Punjab painting various local scenes and subjects. During the Anglo-Sikh Wars, many of the British officials and soldiers who made their way to Punjab were artists. An example is Henry Lawrence, who painted local residents of various walks of life. Many Indian artists who followed the Company school were hired to paint Punjabi subjects and settings. When the Sikh Empire was annexed in 1849, local Punjabi artists working in the Company style created works based upon stock sets for the purpose of selling them to European tourists in the local bazaars. These Punjabi paintings geared towards a European audience depicted "Sikh rulers, heroes, occupations, and costumes".
1094:
1496:
3180:
815:
382:
641:) feature prominently in Punjab and showcase various themes. Punjabi murals differ from Punjabi miniature paintings in that the wall paintings were far more readily accessible and viewable by the general masses rather than being mostly an affair restricted to the privileged classes of the society, as in the case of miniatures. Since murals could be seen by all walks of society, the things depicted in them were commonly understood subjects that required no specialized knowledge. Punjabi murals can depict religious or secular settings.
541:
performed while farmers did agricultural chores. As they did each farming activity they would perform bhangra moves on the spot. This allowed them to finish their job in a pleasurable way. For many years, farmers performed bhangra to showcase a sense of accomplishment and to welcome the new harvesting season. Traditional bhangra is performed in a circle and is performed using traditional dance steps. Traditional bhangra is now also performed on occasions other than during the harvest season.
1061:. According to the archeologist Professor Vasant Shinde, the earliest evidence for a dish similar to tandoori chicken can be found in the Harappan civilization and dates back to 3000 BC. His team has found ancient ovens at Harappan sites which are similar to the tandoors that are used in the state of Punjab. Physical remains of chicken bones with char marks have also been unearthed. Harappan houses had keyhole ovens with central pillars which was used for roasting meats and baking breads.
907:
472:
3134:
1510:
40:
3800:
1023:
4608:
1402:); for Sikh and Hindu women, the dupatta is useful when the head must be covered, as in a temple or the presence of elders. Everywhere in South Asia, modern versions of the attire have evolved; the shalwars are worn lower down on the waist, the kameez have shorter length, with higher splits, lower necklines and backlines, and with cropped sleeves or without sleeves.
526:
Maan was a trailblazer of the new
Punjabi music scene, becoming well-known in the 1980s with singles like "Challa" and "Mamla Gadbad Hai." Traditional Punjabi folk tunes were blended with contemporary production methods in Maan's music, while societal themes including drug misuse, poverty, and governmental corruption were frequently touched upon in his lyrics.
2520:
and the salwar-kameez or kurta-pyjama, a two-piece suit garment, sometimes also called
Punjabi because of its region of origin. Whereas the sari can be considered the national dress of Indian women, the salwar-kameez, though originally from the north, has been adopted all over India as more comfortable attire than the sari.
1463:
Some
Punjabi Muslims participate in the traditional, seasonal festivals of the Punjab region: Baisakhi, Basant and to a minor scale Lohri, but this is controversial. Islamic clerics and some politicians have attempted to ban this participation because of the religious basis of the Punjabi festivals,
593:
would be born out of this increased interaction between
European and Punjabi artists. Thus, Pahari-influenced traditional miniature paintings began to be surmounted by European-influenced Company school paintings. Lahori and Amritsari artists increasingly abandoned using the traditional Indic medium
588:
Between 1810–1830, the Sikhs began to commission these Pahari artists to paint Sikh subjects and settings, mostly Sikh royalty and nobility. After Sikhs began to progressively come into more and more contact with
Europeans after 1830, the main influence on Punjabi Sikh art shifted from Pahari styles
2698:
The salwar-kameez is a form of dress that has been adopted widely in Punjab and is now known in
English as the Punjabi suit; J. P. S. Uberoi suggests that the salwar-kameez is an Afghani import to Punjab (1998 personal communication). Punjabi forms of dress are therefore constructs or inventions of
2519:
Even highly educated women pursuing careers continue to wear traditional dress in urban India, although men of similar status long ago adopted
Western attire. The forms of dress most popular with urban Indian women are the sari, the long wrapped and draped dress-like garment, worn throughout India,
540:
Punjabi dances are performed either by men or by women. The dances range from solo to group dances and also sometimes dances are done along with traditional musical instruments. Bhangra is one of the most famous dances originating in the Punjab by farmers during the harvesting season. It was mainly
2845:
Muslim and
Punjabi women—whether Muslim, Sikh, or Hindu—often wear the dupatta over the head to create a modest look while framing the face with color. When entering a temple, Hindu women might comparably use their dupattas to cover their heads. Though the dupatta is often made of flimsy cloth and
525:
Punjabi music started to develop and alter in the 20th century as it was impacted by
Western musical genres including pop, rock, and hip-hop. As a result, a brand-new genre of Punjabi music emerged, fusing contemporary beats and production methods with traditional instruments and melodies. Gurdas
605:
In 1838–39, a
British visitor hired local Punjabi artists to produce pictures covering the various kinds of inhabitants of northern India using British-supplied paper and bound into an album. Images of the Sikh royals and military were documented in these British-patronized local paintings. Many
464:
warfare, as the Punjab is situated on the principal route of invasions through the northwestern frontier of the Indian subcontinent, which promoted to adopt a lifestyle that entailed engaging in warfare to protect the land. Warrior culture typically elevates the value of the community's honour (
2876:
The Pakistani National dress worn by women is Shalwar Kameez. This consists of a long tunic (Kameez) teamed with a wide legged trouser (Shalwar) that skims in at the bottom accompanied by a duppata, which is a less stringent alternative to the burqa. Modern versions of this National dress have
463:
during the mid-1960's to the mid-1970's, has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan". Besides being known for agriculture and trade, the Punjab is also a region that over the centuries has experienced many foreign invasions and consequently has a long-standing history of
2729:
The village's men and boys largely dress in sombre colours in the loose trousers and long shirt (shalwar kameez) worn across Pakistan. Older men often wear woollen Chitrali caps (pakol), waistcoats and long coats (chugha), made by Chitrali tailors (darzi) who skills are renowned across
2877:
evolved into less modest versions. Shalwar have become more low cut so that the hips are visible and are worn with a shorter length of Kameez which has high splits and may have a lowcut neckline and backline as well as being sleeveless or having cropped sleeves.
2488:
The shalwar kamiz was worn traditionally by Muslim women and gradually adopted by many Hindu women following the Muslim conquest of northern India. Eventually, it became the regional style for parts of northern India, as in Punjab where it has been worn for
1348:
which are atypically wide at the waist but which narrow to a cuffed bottom. They are held up by a drawstring or elastic belt, which causes them to become pleated around the waist. The trousers can be wide and baggy, or they can be cut quite narrow, on the
1065:
records meat being cooked in an oven (kandu) after marinating it in spices like black mustard (rai) powder and fragrant spices. According to Ahmed (2014), Harappan oven structures may have operated in a similar manner to the modern tandoors of the Punjab.
503:
is one of the many Punjabi musical art forms that are increasingly listened to in the West and becoming a mainstream favourite. Punjabi music is used by western musicians in many ways, such as mixing with other compositions to produce award-winning music.
1385:
around the head or neck. The dupatta is also employed as a form of modesty—although it is made of delicate material, it obscures the upper body's contours by passing over the shoulders. For Muslim women, the dupatta is a less stringent alternative to the
914:
Usually displayed less conspicuously, there were also wall painting depicting sexual or erotic themes. It was a common practice to decorate the walls of Islamic and Hindu palaces with erotic scenes. The Sikh royalty and nobality during the reign of the
458:
has been the major economic feature of the Punjab and has therefore formed the foundation of Punjabi culture, with one's social status being determined by landownership. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the
1484:. The library's mission is to digitize and preserve historical manuscripts, books, and other materials related to Punjabi language, history, and culture. This initiative has helped to safeguard and promote Punjabi culture for future generations.
2550:
Salwar/Shalwar: A pair of light, loose, pleated trousers, usually tapering to a tight fit around the ankles, worn by women from South Asia typically with a kameez (the two together being a salwar kameez). Origin From Persian and Urdu
814:
2152:
999:
by the Qazi, Pundit, Granthi or Priest, there are commonalities in ritual, song, dance, food, and dress. The Punjabi wedding has many rituals and ceremonies that have evolved since traditional times and itself have evolved in
903:. Many Punjabi wall paintings depict women and girls in the process of a variety of actions, such as feeding parrots, peacocks, or bucks. Women are also depicted fondling pets or writing love letters in these wall paintings.
2644:. For these, you must have the salwar pants stitched from cloth you buy separately. A third option would be to buy a two-piece ensemble, consisting of the top and pants, leaving you the task of buying an appropriate
576:
forays into painting were mostly limited to wall paintings decorating the walls of religious sites up until the early 19th century. Miniature painting depicting Hindu religious scenes and themes was popular in the
572:, is mostly derived from Punjab's art traditions. B.N. Goswamy argues that painting in the Punjab goes back to the 16th century and became influenced by the Mughal school in the early half of the 18th century.
2648:, or using one you already own, or buying a strip of cloth and having it dyed to your desire. The end result will always be a three-piece ensemble, but a customer may start with one piece (only the
2194:
1361:), which gives the wearer greater freedom of movement. The kameez is usually cut straight and flat; older kameez use traditional cuts; modern kameez are more likely to have European-inspired
3004:, Saba Naqvi (August 28, 2016), Quote: "Earlier, Muslim villagers would participate in Hindu festivals; now they think that would be haraam, so stay away. Visiting dargahs is also haraam"
2846:
does not actually cover the body, its presence implies modesty, like many of the outer garments worn by Muslim women that do not cover much but do provide a symbolic extra layer, ...
818:
Fresco depicting a hunting scene from a Punjabi Muslim khangah (Khangah Dargani Shah at Dhun Dhaewal) located on the right bank of the Beas River near Chola Sahib, Tarn Taran district
951:
Punjabi wedding traditions and ceremonies are traditionally conducted in Punjabi and are a strong reflection of Punjabi culture. While the actual religious marriage ceremony among
2281:
3296:
937:
treatise. However, it is important to note that these erotic-based murals were limited mostly to the areas frequented by the upper-classes of the Punjabi society at the time.
3100:
2370:
4289:
649:
2581:
Kameez: A long tunic worn by many people from South Asia, typically with a salwar or churidars. Origin: From Arabic qamīṣ, perhaps from late Latin camisia (see chemise).
2115:
1448:(Hijri), and the date falls earlier by 10 to 13 days from year to year. The Hindu and Sikh Punjabi seasonal festivals are set on specific dates of the luni-solar
1769:
1481:
3730:
3015:
1324:
763:. Krishna is also commonly depicted alongside gopis in this sort of mural. Krishna is sometimes shown playing his flute whilst the gopis perform the
1310:, only kings, royalty, and those of high stature wore turbans, but Sikh Gurus adopted the practice to assert equality and sovereignty among people.
610:, and were sponsors of the local arts. A few European artists who visited the Sikh court of Lahore and left a deep impact on the local art were:
1237:
1119:
era from 9th to 14th century. They referred to God with various names such as "Alakh Nirajan" which are still prevalent in Punjabi vernacular.
4375:
3130:
923:
had his private residence quarters decorated with figures of scantily clad dancing girls and Indic deities in the act of making love. At the
4019:
245:
205:
1093:
738:), is a commonly witnessed scene of Punjabi murals. The scenes depicted by this category of wall paintings are seemingly drawn from the
545:
is also a famous dance from Punjab. This dance is for women and originates thousands of years ago, it resembles femininity and beauty.
3122:
2289:
3826:
3708:
3001:
2354:
1916:
906:
1870:
3717:
3322:
2974:
2942:
2869:
2838:
2811:
2783:
2753:
2722:
2691:
2621:
2574:
2543:
2481:
2452:
2364:
2229:
1752:
1727:
1675:
1843:
4637:
1072:
rice is the indigenous variety of Punjab, and various meat- and vegetable-based rice dishes have been developed using it.
4274:
1588:
1476:
In recent years, efforts have been made to preserve and promote Punjabi culture and heritage. One notable example is the
4166:
3831:
3317:
3201:
410:
4368:
4069:
3196:
3063:
2512:
2153:"How archaeologists across the country are unearthing the food of ancestors to shed light on the evolution of eating"
2098:
1880:
1853:
1826:
1816:
1419:
1381:, of Pakistan. When women wear the shalwar-kameez in some regions, they usually wear a long scarf or shawl called a
3138:
2903:
1169:, a genre of romantic tragedy which also derived inspiration from Indic, Persian and Quranic sources. The Qissa of
1634:
derives from the Persian "چاك ćāk, Fissure, cleft, rent, slit, a narrow opening (intentionally left in clothes)."
1896:
3188:
3115:
2790:
What is common in all the cases is the wearing of shalwar, kameez, and dupatta, the national dress of Pakistan.
2760:
the shalwar kameez happens to be worn by just about everyone in Pakistan, including in all of Gilgit-Baltistan.
1593:
3752:
1265:
is an article of faith that represents equality, honour, self-respect, courage, spirituality, and piety. The
1058:
931:, there are wall paintings of couples having sex in various positions, settings, and emotions based upon the
2170:
4632:
4361:
3301:
3206:
209:
2015:
Hardgrave, R. L. (1996). An Early Portrayal of the Sikhs: Two 18th Century Etchings by Baltazard Solvyns.
681:
Religious-themed murals are often found at religious shrines, such as Hindu and Sikh temples. Scenes from
4096:
3821:
3816:
3701:
1692:
4259:
3762:
3629:
946:
2594:
1357:
is a long shirt or tunic. The side seams are left open below the waist-line (the opening known as the
3634:
3108:
2418:
1050:
1042:
447:
137:
1126:(1173–1266). Roughly from the 12th century to the 19th century, Punjabi Sufi poetry developed under
4627:
4199:
3901:
3784:
3757:
3608:
3487:
3417:
2888:
1538:
234:
23:
3982:
3582:
3537:
715:
654:
108:
607:
4081:
4074:
3744:
3694:
3512:
2533:
1477:
1415:
1229:
1139:
403:
230:
161:
2964:
2919:
2859:
2773:
2743:
2681:
2564:
2469:
2219:
4239:
4113:
3869:
3841:
3808:
3507:
3392:
3289:
3048:
Quraishee 73, Punjabi Adab De Kahani, Abdul Hafeez Quaraihee, Azeez Book Depot, Lahore, 1973.
2828:
2712:
2611:
2502:
2263:
1123:
1097:
729:
220:
196:
1665:
3955:
3921:
3889:
3562:
2245:
2134:
1608:
1143:
791:
578:
2950:
2024:
8:
4279:
4229:
4219:
4108:
4007:
3972:
3547:
3427:
3422:
3397:
1719:
Folk music & musical instruments of Punjab : from mustard fields to disco lights
1563:
1523:
1423:
1147:
599:
156:
85:
3051:
Chopra 77, The Punjab as a sovereign state, Gulshan Lal Chopra, Al-Biruni, Lahore, 1977.
4587:
4249:
4224:
4214:
3836:
3592:
3527:
3437:
1959:
Piety and splendour : Sikh heritage in art : National Museum, New Delhi, 2000
1938:
1667:
The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism
1457:
1225:
1165:
Punjabi Sufi poetry also influenced other Punjabi literary traditions particularly the
1109:
1088:
861:
779:
215:
166:
1933:
1350:
1179:(1706–1798) is among the most popular of Punjabi qisse. Other popular stories include
4522:
4264:
4234:
4209:
4194:
4189:
4179:
4034:
4024:
3767:
3572:
3557:
3542:
3492:
3467:
3457:
3169:
3159:
3151:
3142:
3059:
2970:
2938:
2865:
2834:
2807:
2779:
2749:
2718:
2687:
2617:
2570:
2539:
2508:
2477:
2448:
2360:
2225:
2094:
1963:
1876:
1849:
1822:
1748:
1723:
1717:
1671:
1583:
1568:
1558:
1533:
1437:
1411:
1295:
1284:
1221:
1105:
740:
396:
201:
179:
144:
132:
51:
710:) incarnating in feminine form (these unique forms are given various names, such as
4552:
4475:
4456:
4269:
4254:
4204:
4184:
4091:
4002:
3962:
3933:
3896:
3567:
3552:
3517:
3482:
3462:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3284:
3274:
3259:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3133:
3045:, documentary film on the history of wrestling in Punjab by filmmaker Simran Kaler.
1928:
1573:
1553:
1528:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:
as seasonal festivals. The Punjabi Muslim festivals are set according to the lunar
1432:. The Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus typically do not observe these, and instead observe
1429:
1217:
1084:
1062:
1046:
1026:
1001:
984:
852:
823:
749:
513:
460:
431:
322:
288:
186:
120:
98:
68:
63:
58:
2830:
The Grace of Four Moons: Dress, Adornment, and the Art of the Body in Modern India
2613:
The Grace of Four Moons: Dress, Adornment, and the Art of the Body in Modern India
2474:
Sites and Politics of Religious Diversity in Southern Europe: The Best of All Gods
747:
Other scenes found in Punjabi wall paintings seem to stem from the stories of the
4517:
4497:
4174:
4101:
3950:
3945:
3874:
3864:
3789:
3624:
3587:
3577:
3502:
3497:
3477:
3472:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3387:
3269:
3264:
2932:
2907:
2683:
Rural Nostalgias and Transnational Dreams: Identity and Modernity Among Jat Sikhs
2405:
1770:"Top 100 The Evolution of Punjabi Music: From Folk Traditions to Modern Pop Hits"
1233:
1017:
976:
920:
822:
Amid the murals based on profane subjects, depictions of scenes from traditional
682:
619:
498:
493:
451:
313:
240:
225:
191:
1362:
4542:
4537:
3977:
3859:
3532:
3522:
3447:
3239:
3229:
1598:
1578:
1548:
1515:
1378:
1319:
1275:
1261:
and is an important part of the Punjabi and Sikh culture. Among the Sikhs, the
846:
771:
769:
around him or he is shown stealing clothes from the gopis, an episode known as
558:
465:
268:
3094:
3075:
Social and Political Movements in ancient Panjab, Delhi, 1962, Buddha Parkash.
2861:
Unquiet Pasts: Risk Society, Lived Cultural Heritage, Re-designing Reflexivity
2326:
2171:"7 Kenoyer 2015 Indus Civilization.pdf: ANTHRO100: General Anthropology (002)"
1967:
1794:
4621:
4572:
4502:
4466:
4244:
4123:
4012:
3926:
3721:
3327:
3279:
3254:
2664:), and exercise her creativity and fashion sense to end up with the complete
1942:
1501:
1288:
1283:
as an important part of the unique Sikh identity. After the ninth Sikh Guru,
1181:
1166:
1005:
910:
Fresco depicting a dalliance scene from Jandwal temple in Hoshiarpur district
840:
834:
611:
590:
573:
569:
535:
476:
386:
381:
39:
4471:
2900:
318:
4592:
4527:
4512:
4446:
4342:
3916:
3084:
The Legacy of The Punjab by R. M. Chopra, 1997, Punjabee Bradree, Calcutta.
2714:
Living Islam: Muslim Religious Experience in Pakistan's North-West Frontier
1200:
1193:
1187:
1127:
919:
had their residences embellished with these erotic wall paintings. General
884:
878:
783:
3072:
The evolution of Heroic Tradition in Ancient Panjab, 1971, Buddha Parkash.
3016:"20 years of Panjab Digital Library: 6.5 crore manuscripts & counting"
2327:"Punjabi language and the Gurmukhi and Shahmuhi scripts and pronunciation"
2195:"Full text of "Indian Food Tradition A Historical Companion Achaya K. T.""
1917:"A Historical Overview of Emergence and Development of Sikh Art in Punjab"
1112:
in Pakistan. Approximately 130 million people speak the Punjabi language.
4597:
4582:
4507:
4483:
4396:
3884:
3686:
3179:
2392:
1747:(New rev. ed.). Paṭiālā: Pabalikeshana Biūro, Pañjābī Yūniwarasiṭī.
1302:
and gave five articles of faith, one of which is unshorn hair, which the
1270:
1171:
1135:
1131:
1034:
933:
928:
916:
828:
724:
687:
667:
662:
471:
455:
330:
283:
2745:
Nation, Territory, and Globalization in Pakistan: Traversing the Margins
2504:
Becoming American, Being Indian: An Immigrant Community in New York City
561:, who had patronized it. A historical reference to this was made in the
4577:
4567:
4557:
4431:
4425:
4421:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4322:
3735:
3665:
3660:
3655:
1176:
1054:
972:
787:
744:, which promotes the reverence of Shakti as the divine-mother figure.
615:
505:
368:
364:
352:
348:
344:
1957:
4491:
4487:
4479:
4441:
4417:
4413:
4337:
4307:
1291:
900:
554:
443:
360:
356:
338:
334:
326:
303:
3081:
History of the Panjab, Patiala, 1976, Fauja Singh, L. M. Joshi (Ed).
2989:
860:, and more. A lot of the depicted stories are ultimately based upon
606:
Europeans were employed by the Lahore Durbar, such as the Frenchman
4436:
4353:
4317:
4302:
4297:
4128:
4059:
3987:
3938:
3779:
3224:
1603:
1441:
1345:
1205:
1156:
for poetic expression, Punjabi Sufi poets tended to compose in the
988:
968:
719:
701:
693:
673:
589:
and methods to European ones. The Punjabi form and localization of
565:
298:
80:
31:
3799:
2930:
1509:
1122:
The Punjabi literary tradition is popularly seen to commence with
892:(eight heroines). There also exists wall paintings based upon the
622:(arrived in 1841). Eden had a large impact, as her published work
4562:
4461:
4451:
4312:
4086:
3675:
3164:
1382:
1307:
1258:
1150:(1845–1901). In contrast to Persian poets, who had preferred the
1069:
1038:
1022:
964:
952:
899:. There are further depictions of various royal figures, such as
893:
796:
765:
653:
Mural depicting a scene from Indic mythology, located within the
595:
308:
293:
4384:
4332:
4327:
4054:
4049:
3967:
3911:
3906:
3879:
3670:
3650:
2089:
Kang, Kanwarjit Singh (1988). "10. Murals - Social Documents".
1543:
1399:
1387:
1299:
1266:
1254:
1248:
1152:
956:
802:
706:
658:
638:
582:
542:
509:
480:
75:
4607:
1134:(1628–1691), Shah Sharaf (1640–1724), Ali Haider (1690–1785),
778:
Aside from Hindu themes, there are also depictions based upon
4547:
4532:
4039:
4029:
3992:
3772:
2804:
Sikh Women In England: Religious, Social and Cultural Beliefs
2599:(online ed.), London: W. H. Allen & Co., p. 418
1465:
1433:
1395:
1391:
992:
960:
754:
634:
278:
273:
263:
426:
grew out of the settlements along the five rivers (the name
4044:
1899:. Royal Book Company. 23 May 2017 – via Google Books.
1158:
1116:
996:
980:
873:
759:
711:
442:
meaning "Water") which served as an important route to the
2632:, or a two-piece suit that consists of either a readymade
1456:
and the date of the festival also typically varies in the
1340:(bottom) is the traditional attire of the Punjabi people.
1033:
The local cuisine of Punjab is heavily influenced by the
753:. An example of a type of mural scene derived from it is
718:(that are hostile to the deities and mankind), including
700:
Religious murals depicting female figuratives were often
661:, ca.1840's. The mythological scene depicted is likely a
614:(visited in 1837), William G. Osborne (visited in 1838),
2566:
Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Book & CD-ROM Set
2535:
Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Book & CD-ROM Set
2447:(2 ed.). Singapore: Select Publishing. p. 35.
691:, are commonly found, an example being the unveiling of
2025:
https://www.laits.utexas.edu/solvyns-project/sikhs.html
2882:
2603:
2920:
Census of India, 1961: Punjab. Manage of Publications
553:
Painting in the Punjab developed during the reign of
2556:
1491:
3069:
Nanak, Punjabi Documentary Film by Navalpreet Rangi
2443:Dominique, Grele; Raimbault, Lydie (1 March 2007).
1273:, wear the turban to cover their long, uncut hair (
516:; are other important genres in the Punjab region.
2596:A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English
2525:
2442:
1628:A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English
1471:
1041:lifestyle prevalent from the times of the ancient
872:. There are also paintings based upon traditional
2953:, Ramzan Id/Eid-ul-Fitar in India, Festival Dates
2806:. Trent and Sterling: Trentham Book. p. 68.
2699:tradition rather than having historical veracity.
1915:Kaur, Sukhandeep; Viranjan, Ram (24 April 2023).
704:in-nature. A prevailing theme of the divine (the
4619:
2461:
2348:
2346:
1921:ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts
1460:but stays within the same two Gregorian months.
2224:. Vol. IV. Foursome Group. pp. 211–.
882:. Additionally, there are paintings of various
2913:
2562:
2531:
2494:
1955:
1365:. The combination garment is sometimes called
1238:History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent
4369:
3702:
3116:
2931:Jacqueline Suthren Hirst; John Zavos (2013).
2343:
1693:"Bhangra conquering one dance move at a time"
618:(visited in 1838 alongside her brother), and
404:
2686:, University of Toronto Press, p. 260,
2221:Ancient Pakistan – An Archaeological History
1914:
624:Portraits of the Princes and People of India
2851:
2765:
2704:
1377:. The shalwar-kameez is a widely-worn, and
1332:A Punjabi suit that features two items - a
1115:The earliest writings in Punjabi belong to
800:), and religious figures (an example being
4376:
4362:
3716:
3709:
3695:
3123:
3109:
3078:History of Porus, Patiala, Buddha Parkash.
2962:
2894:
2820:
2735:
2717:. Cambridge University Press. p. 37.
2673:
2500:
1428:The Punjabi Muslims typically observe the
1100:, considered the first major Punjabi poet.
1078:
411:
397:
2934:Religious Traditions in Modern South Asia
2563:Stevenson, Angus; Waite, Maurice (2011),
2538:, Oxford University Press, p. 1272,
2532:Stevenson, Angus; Waite, Maurice (2011),
1932:
1104:The Punjabi language is written with the
468:), which is highly esteemed by Punjabis.
2891:, Government of Punjab – Pakistan (2016)
2833:, Indiana University Press, p. 72,
2616:. Indiana University Press. p. 75.
2593:Platts, John Thompson (February 2015) ,
2569:, Oxford University Press, p. 774,
2507:, Cornell University Press, p. 43,
2319:
2252:. Indian food forever. 2 September 2019.
1323:
1257:is an proud of headgear associated with
1092:
1021:
905:
813:
648:
470:
2910:, Karachi Metropolitan, Sindh, Pakistan
2857:
2775:Gender and Sexuality in Muslim Cultures
2771:
2710:
2472:, in Blanes, Ruy; Mapril, José (eds.),
2419:"Sikh Theology Why Sikhs Wear A Turban"
2352:
2093:. Atma Ram & Sons. pp. 44–47.
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2017:International Journal of Punjab Studies
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
4620:
3013:
2826:
2741:
2679:
2609:
2592:
2501:Khandelwal, Madhulika Shankar (2002),
2468:Fraile, Sandra Santos (11 July 2013),
2467:
2411:
2399:
2150:
2113:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1841:
1742:
4357:
3690:
3104:
2864:, Taylor & Francis, p. 405,
2309:
2307:
2217:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1868:
1814:
1767:
1715:
1663:
1029:is a popular dish in Punjabi cuisine.
4383:
3095:Video about Punjab and Punjabi music
2802:Rait, Satwant Kaur (14 April 2005).
2801:
2795:
2436:
2088:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
16:Arts, cuisine, dress, etc. of Punjab
2144:
2029:
1974:
1792:
1589:Punjabi Cultural Society of Chicago
644:
13:
3297:Archaeological sites and monuments
2992:, IRFAN HUSAIN, Dawn, Feb 18, 2017
2640:cloth piece, each with a matching
2628:You can buy an entire three-piece
2393:"Articles on Bulleh Shah's Poetry"
2316:(Vol. 2), Sahitya Akademi, p. 1263
2314:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature
2304:
2114:Lawler, Andrew (30 January 2013).
1903:
1690:
1328:Punjabi traditional dress in India
1298:, the tenth Sikh Guru created the
1197:by Hashim Shah (1735?–1843?), and
38:
14:
4649:
3088:
2406:“Importance of turban in Sikhism”
2373:from the original on 2 April 2023
2151:Bhuyan, Avantika (9 April 2017).
1934:10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i1.2023.293
1786:
1743:Thinda, Karanaila Siṅgha (1996).
1648:
1420:List of Hindu festivals in Punjab
1269:Sikh men and women, who keep the
809:
629:
4606:
3798:
3178:
3132:
3036:
2132:
1815:Singh, Khushwant (23 May 2017).
1664:Nayar, Kamala Elizabeth (2012).
1508:
1494:
1287:, was sentenced to death by the
1191:by Hafiz Barkhudar (1658–1707),
380:
3007:
2995:
2983:
2969:. Routledge. pp. 209–212.
2956:
2924:
2586:
2385:
2274:
2256:
2238:
2211:
2187:
2163:
2126:
2107:
1949:
1889:
1875:. Crabtree Publishing Company.
1670:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
1621:
1472:Preservation of Punjabi Culture
655:Samadh of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
1862:
1835:
1808:
1761:
1736:
1709:
1684:
1594:List of Punjabi language poets
1:
3014:Sharma, Sarika (2023-04-23).
1842:Bedell, J. M. (23 May 2017).
1768:songs, Punjabi (2023-05-04).
1641:
757:being surrounded by youthful
2408:, earlytimes.in. 2018-05-29.
1405:
1049:may have existed during the
7:
4638:Indian culture by community
4097:Qila Raipur Sports Festival
2858:Koerner, Stephanie (2016),
2023:(2), 213-27. Accessed via:
1487:
940:
716:battle with negative forces
581:amongst the various Pahari
10:
4654:
4275:Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar
3002:The barricaded Muslim mind
2937:. Routledge. p. 274.
2778:. Routledge. p. 222.
2748:, Routledge, p. 162,
2445:Discover Singapore on Foot
2356:Students' Britannica India
1409:
1317:
1246:
1215:
1082:
1015:
1011:
947:Punjabi wedding traditions
944:
533:
491:
4604:
4392:
4288:
4165:
4139:
3850:
3807:
3796:
3743:
3728:
3643:
3635:Faisalabad Hockey Stadium
3617:
3601:
3380:
3336:
3310:
3215:
3187:
3176:
3150:
1858:– via Google Books.
1831:– via Google Books.
1722:. Ahmedabad : Mapin Pub.
1043:Indus Valley civilization
864:, such as the legends of
826:are commonplace, such as
448:Indus Valley civilization
3609:University of the Punjab
3097:from the Horniman Museum
2827:Shukla, Pravina (2015),
2711:Marsden, Magnus (2005).
2610:Shukla, Pravina (2015).
1614:
1539:Folk practices in Punjab
1464:and they being declared
1279:). The Sikhs regard the
1211:
1053:civilization during the
529:
512:, commonly practiced in
487:
446:as early as the ancient
3983:Punjabi Tamba and Kurta
3058:. New York: Doubleday.
2680:Mooney, Nicola (2011),
2282:"Punjabi Pulao Biryani"
2218:Ahmed, Mukhtar (2014).
1956:Goswamy, B. N. (2000).
1869:Black, Carolyn (2003).
1079:Language and literature
521:History of Modern Music
2901:Official Holidays 2016
2889:Official Holidays 2016
2476:, BRILL, p. 263,
2353:Hoiberg, Dale (2000).
2116:"The Mystery of Curry"
2091:Punjab Art and Culture
1745:Pañjāba dā loka wirasā
1478:Panjab Digital Library
1468:(forbidden in Islam).
1416:List of Sikh festivals
1329:
1230:Indian wedding clothes
1140:Saleh Muhammad Safoori
1108:in India and with the
1101:
1030:
911:
888:themes, including the
819:
728:) and giants (such as
678:
548:
484:
430:, is derived from two
43:
4120:Folk arts and crafts
4114:Punjabi Suba movement
3290:Salwar (Punjabi) Suit
3054:Patwant Singh. 1999.
2772:Ozyegin, Gul (2016).
2742:Haines, Chad (2013),
2359:. Popular Prakashan.
2264:"KADHI CHAWAL RECIPE"
1872:Pakistan: The culture
1821:. Orient Paperbacks.
1327:
1124:Fariduddin Ganjshakar
1096:
1025:
909:
817:
652:
474:
42:
4066:Religious festivals
3890:Tipri dance (Punjab)
3822:Legislative Assembly
2470:"Sikhs in Barcelona"
1716:Pande, Alka (1999).
1691:Moreno, Jacqueline.
1609:Sikh art and culture
1045:. Dishes similar to
975:may be conducted in
608:Jean-François Allard
4633:Culture of Pakistan
4109:Punjabi nationalism
4020:Fairs and festivals
4008:Nanakshahi calendar
3973:Punjabi ghagra suit
3197:Provincial Assembly
3043:Wrestling in Punjab
2963:Tej Bhatia (2013).
2292:on 28 November 2020
2270:. 2 September 2019.
2246:"Jeera Rice Recipe"
1962:. National Museum.
1818:Land of Five Rivers
1564:Punjabi Australians
1524:Punjabi Culture Day
1424:Festivals in Lahore
1148:Khwaja Ghulam Farid
1144:Mian Muhammad Baksh
563:Tarikh-I-Ferozeshi.
438:meaning "Five" and
4588:Sulaiman Mountains
2906:2018-09-01 at the
2423:The Sikh Coalition
2157:The Economic Times
1897:"Pakistan Almanac"
1793:Pandher, Gurdeep.
1482:Davinder Pal Singh
1480:(PDL), founded by
1458:Gregorian calendar
1330:
1226:Pakistani clothing
1110:Shahmukhi alphabet
1102:
1089:Punjabi literature
1031:
912:
820:
679:
485:
44:
4615:
4614:
4523:Kala Chitta Range
4351:
4350:
4260:Sri Muktsar Sahib
4025:Punjabi festivals
3684:
3683:
3170:History of Lahore
3160:History of Punjab
3145:, Pakistan topics
2976:978-1-136-89460-2
2944:978-1-136-62668-5
2871:978-1-351-87667-4
2840:978-0-253-02121-2
2813:978-1-85856-353-4
2785:978-1-317-13051-2
2755:978-1-136-44997-0
2724:978-1-139-44837-6
2693:978-0-8020-9257-1
2652:) or two pieces (
2623:978-0-253-02121-2
2576:978-0-19-960110-3
2545:978-0-19-960110-3
2483:978-90-04-25524-1
2454:978-981-4022-33-0
2366:978-0-85229-760-5
2268:Indianfoodforever
2250:Indianfoodforever
2231:978-1-4960-8208-4
1845:Teens in Pakistan
1795:"Bhangra History"
1754:978-81-7380-223-2
1729:978-18-902-0615-4
1677:978-0-7735-4070-5
1584:Punjab (Pakistan)
1569:Punjabi Canadians
1559:Punjabi Americans
1534:Punjabi festivals
1430:Islamic festivals
1412:Punjabi festivals
1306:covers. Prior to
1296:Guru Gobind Singh
1222:Clothing in India
1106:Gurmukhi alphabet
862:bardic literature
741:Markandeya Purana
591:Company paintings
450:, dating back to
421:
420:
4645:
4610:
4457:Cholistan Desert
4378:
4371:
4364:
4355:
4354:
4280:Tarn Taran Sahib
4092:Kabaddi in India
4013:Bikrami calendar
4003:Punjabi calendar
3802:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3688:
3687:
3265:Pothwari dialect
3245:Saraiki language
3235:Punjabi language
3182:
3137:
3136:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2928:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2288:. Archived from
2278:
2272:
2271:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2086:
2027:
2013:
1972:
1971:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1661:
1635:
1625:
1574:Punjabi diaspora
1554:British Punjabis
1529:Punjabi calendar
1518:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1454:Punjabi calendar
1450:Bikrami calendar
1446:Islamic calendar
1218:Punjabi clothing
1146:(1830–1907) and
1085:Punjabi language
1063:Sushruta Samhita
1047:tandoori chicken
1027:Tandoori chicken
1002:Pakistani Punjab
824:Punjabi folklore
750:Bhagavata Purana
645:Religious themes
514:Pakistani Punjab
461:Green Revolution
413:
406:
399:
384:
138:Mexican American
19:
18:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4628:Punjabi culture
4618:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4602:
4388:
4382:
4352:
4347:
4284:
4200:Fatehgarh Sahib
4161:
4135:
4102:Punjabi kabaddi
4070:Hindu festivals
3846:
3827:Chief Ministers
3803:
3794:
3739:
3724:
3715:
3685:
3680:
3639:
3625:Gaddafi Stadium
3613:
3597:
3488:Mandi Bahauddin
3418:Dera Ghazi Khan
3376:
3346:Dera Ghazi Khan
3332:
3306:
3211:
3183:
3174:
3146:
3131:
3129:
3091:
3039:
3034:
3033:
3024:
3022:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2961:
2957:
2945:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2914:
2908:Wayback Machine
2899:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2872:
2856:
2852:
2841:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2740:
2736:
2725:
2709:
2705:
2694:
2678:
2674:
2624:
2608:
2604:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2561:
2557:
2546:
2530:
2526:
2515:
2499:
2495:
2484:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2367:
2351:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2177:
2175:canvas.wisc.edu
2169:
2168:
2164:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2087:
2030:
2014:
1975:
1954:
1950:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1662:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1474:
1426:
1408:
1322:
1251:
1240:
1234:Mughal clothing
1214:
1185:by Fazal Shah,
1091:
1083:Main articles:
1081:
1075:
1020:
1018:Punjabi cuisine
1014:
949:
943:
921:Paolo Avitabile
812:
683:Indic mythology
665:scene from the
647:
632:
620:August Schoefft
551:
538:
532:
519:
496:
494:Music of Punjab
490:
424:Punjabi culture
417:
385:
375:
374:
259:
251:
250:
182:
172:
171:
101:
91:
90:
54:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4651:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4613:
4612:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4543:Margalla Hills
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4381:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4358:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4075:Sikh festivals
4072:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4022:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3978:Patiala salwar
3975:
3970:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3902:Folk practices
3899:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3809:Administration
3805:
3804:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3714:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3538:Rahim Yar Khan
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:Saraiki people
3237:
3232:
3230:Punjabi tribes
3227:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3202:Chief Minister
3199:
3193:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3090:
3089:External links
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3006:
2994:
2990:The ban on fun
2982:
2975:
2955:
2943:
2923:
2912:
2893:
2881:
2870:
2850:
2839:
2819:
2812:
2794:
2784:
2764:
2754:
2734:
2723:
2703:
2692:
2672:
2656:and pants, or
2622:
2602:
2585:
2575:
2555:
2544:
2524:
2513:
2493:
2482:
2460:
2453:
2435:
2410:
2398:
2384:
2365:
2342:
2318:
2303:
2273:
2255:
2237:
2230:
2210:
2186:
2162:
2143:
2133:Ritu, Grishm.
2125:
2106:
2099:
2028:
1973:
1948:
1927:(1): 389–402.
1902:
1888:
1881:
1861:
1854:
1834:
1827:
1807:
1785:
1760:
1753:
1735:
1728:
1708:
1683:
1676:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:Livestock show
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1579:Punjab (India)
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1549:Punjabi people
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1516:Society portal
1505:
1489:
1486:
1473:
1470:
1407:
1404:
1379:national dress
1363:set-in sleeves
1320:Shalwar kameez
1318:Main article:
1316:
1315:
1289:Mughal emperor
1247:Main article:
1245:
1244:
1213:
1210:
1080:
1077:
1013:
1010:
942:
939:
811:
810:Secular themes
808:
685:, such as the
646:
643:
631:
630:Wall paintings
628:
559:Khilji dynasty
550:
547:
531:
528:
492:Main article:
489:
486:
419:
418:
416:
415:
408:
401:
393:
390:
389:
377:
376:
373:
372:
342:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
243:
238:
228:
223:
218:
213:
199:
194:
189:
183:
178:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
164:
159:
148:
147:
142:
141:
140:
124:
123:
121:United Kingdom
112:
111:
102:
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
73:
72:
71:
61:
55:
50:
49:
46:
45:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4650:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4609:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Sivalik Hills
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4503:Ghaggar river
4501:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4386:
4379:
4374:
4372:
4367:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Chowk poorana
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3927:Punjabi fasts
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3722:Punjab, India
3719:
3712:
3707:
3705:
3700:
3698:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3630:Iqbal Stadium
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Saraiki Ajrak
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:0-385-50206-0
3061:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3037:Other sources
3021:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2959:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2927:
2921:
2916:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2768:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2707:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2589:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2528:
2521:
2516:
2514:0-8014-8807-9
2510:
2506:
2505:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2456:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2394:
2388:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2349:
2347:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2100:9788170430964
2096:
2092:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1882:9780778793489
1878:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1857:
1855:9780756540432
1851:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1828:9788122201079
1824:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1796:
1789:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1502:Punjab portal
1492:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1208:(1802–1892).
1207:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:Sohni Mahiwal
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:Punjabi Qissa
1163:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1142:(1747–1826),
1141:
1138:(1680–1757),
1137:
1133:
1130:(1538–1599),
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1009:
1007:
1006:Indian Punjab
1003:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
948:
938:
936:
935:
930:
927:of erstwhile
926:
922:
918:
908:
904:
902:
898:
896:
891:
887:
886:
881:
880:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:
849:
848:
843:
842:
841:Sohni Mahiwal
837:
836:
835:Mirza Sahiban
831:
830:
825:
816:
807:
805:
804:
799:
798:
793:
789:
785:
781:
776:
774:
773:
768:
767:
762:
761:
756:
752:
751:
745:
743:
742:
737:
736:
732:
727:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:
703:
698:
696:
695:
690:
689:
684:
676:
675:
670:
669:
664:
660:
656:
651:
642:
640:
636:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
603:
602:techniques.
601:
597:
592:
586:
584:
580:
575:
571:
570:Sikh painting
567:
564:
560:
556:
546:
544:
537:
536:Punjabi dance
527:
523:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
502:
501:
495:
482:
478:
477:Punjabi dance
473:
469:
467:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
414:
409:
407:
402:
400:
395:
394:
392:
391:
388:
387:Punjab portal
383:
379:
378:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
255:
254:
247:
244:
242:
239:
236:
235:Folk religion
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
211:
207:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
181:
176:
175:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
152:
146:
143:
139:
136:
135:
134:
133:United States
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:North America
122:
119:
118:
117:
116:
110:
107:
106:
105:
100:
95:
94:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
70:
67:
66:
65:
62:
60:
57:
56:
53:
48:
47:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4593:Sutlej River
4528:Kirana Hills
4513:Jhelum River
4447:Chenab River
4290:Major cities
4180:Sri Amritsar
3922:Sakhi Sarwar
3917:Chhapar Mela
3851:
3753:Demographics
3734:
3644:Major cities
3508:Muzaffargarh
3393:Bahawalnagar
3216:
3055:
3042:
3023:. Retrieved
3019:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2965:
2958:
2951:Eid ul-Fitar
2933:
2926:
2915:
2896:
2884:
2875:
2860:
2853:
2844:
2829:
2822:
2803:
2797:
2789:
2774:
2767:
2759:
2744:
2737:
2728:
2713:
2706:
2697:
2682:
2675:
2666:salwar kurta
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2612:
2605:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2565:
2558:
2549:
2534:
2527:
2518:
2503:
2496:
2487:
2473:
2463:
2444:
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2422:
2413:
2401:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2355:
2334:. Retrieved
2331:Omniglot.com
2330:
2321:
2313:
2294:. Retrieved
2290:the original
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2220:
2213:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:
2189:
2178:. Retrieved
2174:
2165:
2156:
2146:
2128:
2119:
2109:
2090:
2020:
2016:
1958:
1951:
1924:
1920:
1891:
1871:
1864:
1848:. Capstone.
1844:
1837:
1817:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:
1763:
1744:
1738:
1718:
1711:
1700:. Retrieved
1697:The Observer
1696:
1686:
1666:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1475:
1462:
1427:
1375:Punjabi suit
1374:
1370:
1367:salwar kurta
1366:
1358:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1314:Punjabi suit
1303:
1285:Tegh Bahadur
1280:
1274:
1262:
1252:
1201:Puran Bhagat
1198:
1194:Sassi Punnun
1192:
1188:Mirza Sahiba
1186:
1180:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1151:
1128:Shah Hussain
1121:
1114:
1103:
1074:
1068:
1032:
950:
934:Koka Shastra
932:
924:
913:
894:
890:Ashta-nayika
889:
883:
879:Puran Bhagat
877:
874:folk ballads
869:
865:
857:
853:Laila Majnun
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
801:
795:
780:Sikh history
777:
772:chira-harana
770:
764:
758:
748:
746:
739:
734:
730:
723:
705:
699:
692:
686:
680:
672:
666:
633:
623:
604:
587:
579:Punjab Hills
574:Punjabi Sikh
568:, including
562:
552:
539:
524:
520:
518:
499:
497:
475:Traditional
439:
435:
427:
423:
422:
150:
149:
126:
125:
114:
113:
103:
4598:Thal Desert
4583:Soon Valley
4508:Indus River
4476:Indus Sagar
4230:Kapurthala
3885:Aawat pauni
3870:Folk dances
3563:Sheikhupura
3020:The Tribune
2630:salwar suit
2428:13 November
2286:Khanapakana
2199:archive.org
1800:28 November
1371:salwar suit
1172:Heer Ranjha
1136:Bulleh Shah
1132:Sultan Bahu
1035:agriculture
929:Nabha State
917:Sikh Empire
901:Rani Jindan
866:Shah Behram
858:Raja Rasalu
847:Sassi Pannu
829:Heer Ranjha
725:Mahishasura
688:Mahabharata
668:Mahabharata
663:Vaishnavist
637:(including
612:G. T. Vigne
600:watercolour
456:Agriculture
323:Sindh Sagar
162:New Zealand
109:Afghanistan
86:Nationalism
4622:Categories
4578:Soan River
4568:Salt Range
4558:Ravi River
4432:Beas River
4323:Hoshiarpur
4220:Hoshiarpur
3999:Calendars
3956:Folk music
3837:Raj Bhavan
3817:Government
3773:King Porus
3736:Chandigarh
3666:Gujranwala
3661:Rawalpindi
3656:Faisalabad
3548:Rawalpindi
3428:Gujranwala
3423:Fasialabad
3398:Bahawalpur
3367:Rawalpindi
3352:Gujranwala
3349:Faisalabad
3343:Bahawalpur
3189:Government
3025:2023-04-28
2489:centuries.
2377:25 October
2336:2017-02-27
2204:2019-02-06
2180:2020-08-22
1968:1195745832
1779:2024-04-06
1702:2019-12-26
1642:References
1410:See also:
1216:See also:
1177:Waris Shah
1098:Baba Farid
1055:Bronze Age
1016:See also:
973:Christians
945:See also:
925:Rani Mahal
876:, such as
870:Husan Banu
788:Sikh gurus
786:, such as
616:Emily Eden
534:See also:
506:Sufi music
246:Television
216:Literature
4442:Bhattiana
4387:geography
4338:Pathankot
4308:Jalandhar
4250:Pathankot
4225:Jalandhar
4215:Gurdaspur
4210:Firozpur
4195:Faridkot
4175:SAS Nagar
4167:Districts
4152:Jalandhar
4140:Divisions
3832:Governors
3763:Education
3602:Education
3593:Wazirabad
3528:Pakpattan
3438:Hafizabad
3381:Districts
3337:Divisions
3323:Districts
3311:Geography
3302:Festivals
3056:The Sikhs
2730:Pakistan.
2296:26 August
2135:"Virasat"
1943:2582-7472
1406:Festivals
1292:Aurangzeb
1117:Nath Yogi
969:Buddhists
897:of Bihari
735:Nishumbha
722:(such as
585:states.
555:Iltutmish
444:Near East
304:Bhattiana
202:Festivals
157:Australia
4437:Bhatiore
4318:Bathinda
4303:Amritsar
4298:Ludhiana
4265:Rupnagar
4235:Ludhiana
4190:Bathinda
4158:Firozpur
4155:Faridkot
4149:Rupnagar
4129:Phulkari
4060:Vaisakhi
3988:Phulkari
3939:Gurmukhi
3934:Language
3897:Folklore
3583:Toba Tek
3573:Talagang
3558:Sargodha
3543:Rajanpur
3493:Mianwali
3468:Kot Addu
3458:Khanewal
3373:Sarghoda
3361:Mianwali
3275:Diaspora
3250:Folklore
3225:Punjabis
3207:Governor
3139:Province
2904:Archived
2371:Archived
1604:Vaisakhi
1488:See also
1442:Vaisakhi
1346:trousers
1342:Shalwars
1206:Qadaryar
1051:Harappan
989:Sanskrit
941:Weddings
797:shaheeds
766:ras-lila
702:Shaktist
694:Draupadi
674:Ramayana
639:frescoes
566:Sikh art
452:3000 BCE
299:Bhatiore
231:Religion
210:Pakistan
187:Clothing
167:Malaysia
99:Diaspora
81:Punjabis
69:Dialects
64:Language
59:Folklore
32:Punjabis
24:a series
22:Part of
4563:Sakesar
4553:Pothwar
4462:Derajat
4452:Chhachh
4313:Patiala
4270:Sangrur
4255:Patiala
4205:Fazilka
4185:Barnala
4146:Patiala
4087:Kabaddi
3951:Bhangra
3875:Bhangra
3865:Cuisine
3852:Culture
3785:Tourism
3768:History
3758:Economy
3731:Capital
3676:Sialkot
3568:Sialkot
3553:Sahiwal
3518:Narowal
3513:Nankana
3483:Lodhran
3463:Khushab
3413:Chiniot
3408:Chakwal
3403:Bhakkar
3370:Sahiwal
3270:Cuisine
3260:Pothwar
3217:Culture
3165:Harappa
3152:History
2966:Punjabi
2668:outfit.
2662:dupatta
2646:dupatta
2642:dupatta
2551:šalwār.
1383:dupatta
1336:(top),
1271:Five Ks
1259:Sikhism
1070:Basmati
1039:farming
1012:Cuisine
985:Punjabi
953:Muslims
895:Sat Sai
803:bhagats
792:martyrs
731:Shumbha
596:gouache
557:of the
500:Bhangra
434:words,
432:Persian
309:Chhachh
294:Derajat
289:Pothwar
258:Regions
192:Cuisine
180:Culture
151:Oceania
52:History
4518:Kachhi
4498:Duggar
4484:Rachna
4426:Jungle
4422:Gondal
4410:Kirana
4406:Sandal
4385:Punjab
4333:Batala
4328:Mohali
4082:Sports
4055:Rakhri
4050:Teeyan
4035:Basant
3968:Salwar
3912:Gogaji
3907:Sanjhi
3880:Giddha
3860:Cinema
3842:Police
3780:People
3745:Topics
3671:Multan
3651:Lahore
3588:Vehari
3578:Taunsa
3503:Multan
3498:Murree
3478:Layyah
3473:Lahore
3453:Jhelum
3443:Jampur
3433:Gujrat
3388:Attock
3364:Multan
3358:Lahore
3355:Gujrat
3328:Region
3318:Cities
3143:Punjab
3062:
2973:
2941:
2868:
2837:
2810:
2782:
2752:
2721:
2690:
2620:
2573:
2542:
2511:
2480:
2451:
2363:
2228:
2097:
1966:
1941:
1879:
1852:
1825:
1774:Medium
1751:
1726:
1674:
1544:Punjab
1438:Basant
1422:, and
1400:purdah
1388:chador
1355:kameez
1353:. The
1338:salwar
1334:qameez
1304:dastār
1300:Khalsa
1281:dastār
1267:Khalsa
1263:dastār
1255:Dastar
1249:Dastar
1243:Dastar
1236:, and
1199:Qissa
1153:ghazal
977:Arabic
957:Hindus
885:Nayika
784:themes
720:demons
707:Shakti
677:epics.
659:Lahore
635:Murals
583:Rajput
543:Ghidda
510:Qawali
481:Kikkli
428:Punjab
369:Jungle
365:Gondal
353:Kirana
349:Sandal
331:Rachna
314:Kachhi
145:Canada
115:Europe
76:Punjab
4548:Puadh
4538:Malwa
4533:Majha
4472:Doabs
4467:Doaba
4418:Ganji
4414:Neeli
4397:Bagar
4240:Mansa
4040:Maghi
4030:Lohri
3993:Jutti
3963:Dress
3946:Music
3790:Music
3718:State
3618:Sport
3533:Kasur
3523:Okara
3448:Jhang
3285:Dress
3280:Music
2658:kurta
2654:kurta
2650:kurta
2638:kurta
2636:or a
2634:kurta
2138:(PDF)
2120:Slate
1939:eISSN
1615:Notes
1466:haram
1434:Lohri
1396:hijab
1394:(see
1392:burqa
1373:, or
1359:chaak
1308:Sikhi
1212:Dress
1059:India
993:Hindi
965:Jains
961:Sikhs
760:gopis
755:Radha
714:) to
530:Dance
488:Music
466:izzat
361:Ganji
357:Neeli
319:Doabs
284:Bagar
279:Puadh
274:Doaba
269:Malwa
264:Majha
241:Sport
226:Music
221:Media
206:India
197:Dance
4492:Bist
4488:Bari
4480:Chaj
4402:Bars
4343:Moga
4245:Moga
4045:Holi
3060:ISBN
2971:ISBN
2939:ISBN
2866:ISBN
2835:ISBN
2808:ISBN
2780:ISBN
2750:ISBN
2719:ISBN
2688:ISBN
2660:and
2618:ISBN
2571:ISBN
2540:ISBN
2509:ISBN
2478:ISBN
2449:ISBN
2430:2016
2379:2020
2361:ISBN
2298:2015
2226:ISBN
2095:ISBN
1964:OCLC
1877:ISBN
1850:ISBN
1823:ISBN
1802:2019
1749:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1632:chāk
1440:and
1398:and
1351:bias
1344:are
1276:kesh
1159:Kafi
1087:and
1037:and
1004:and
997:Pali
981:Urdu
971:and
868:and
782:and
733:and
712:Kali
598:for
508:and
436:Panj
345:Bars
339:Bist
335:Bari
327:Chaj
104:Asia
3720:of
3141:of
1929:doi
1452:or
1390:or
1204:by
1175:by
1057:of
995:or
806:).
697:.
671:or
657:in
594:of
549:Art
4624::
4490:•
4486:•
4482:•
4478:•
4424:•
4420:•
4416:•
4412:•
4408:•
3733::
3018:.
2949:;
2874:,
2843:,
2788:.
2758:,
2727:.
2696:,
2626:.
2579:,
2548:,
2517:,
2486:,
2421:.
2369:.
2345:^
2329:.
2306:^
2284:.
2266:.
2248:.
2197:.
2173:.
2155:.
2118:.
2031:^
2019:,
1976:^
1937:.
1923:.
1919:.
1905:^
1772:.
1695:.
1650:^
1630::
1436:,
1418:,
1414:,
1369:,
1294:,
1253:A
1232:,
1228:,
1224:,
1220:,
1162:.
1008:.
991:,
987:,
983:,
979:,
967:,
963:,
959:,
955:,
856:,
850:,
844:,
838:,
832:,
790:,
775:.
479:,
454:.
440:Âb
367:•
363:•
359:•
355:•
351:•
337:•
333:•
329:•
325:•
208:•
26:on
4494:)
4474:(
4428:)
4404:(
4377:e
4370:t
4363:v
3710:e
3703:t
3696:v
3124:e
3117:t
3110:v
3066:.
3028:.
2979:.
2947:.
2816:.
2457:.
2432:.
2395:.
2381:.
2339:.
2300:.
2234:.
2207:.
2183:.
2159:.
2140:.
2122:.
2103:.
2021:3
1970:.
1945:.
1931::
1925:4
1885:.
1804:.
1782:.
1757:.
1732:.
1705:.
1680:.
794:(
483:.
412:e
405:t
398:v
371:)
347:(
341:)
321:(
237:)
233:(
212:)
204:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
