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diversity and abundance to studies of the seabed and the use of habitat by economically important fish species. The project focuses on genetic studies to evaluate connectivity among populations of reef species, as well as describing the structure and determining the economic value of Pulley Ridge's mesophotic communities. Results from this study will provide critical information to resource managers so that they can manage and protect shallow and mesophotic coral ecosystems.
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determine where mesophotic reefs are located and distances over which species living within such environments disperse and therefore 'connect' populations are of great interest to marine scientists and resource managers alike. Despite this interest, the deep depths of such reefs hinders both their discovery and their exploration.
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and included over 40 team members. The trip went from 23 June through 1 July 2005. The aim of this mission was to collect primary data and biological samples and to document marine life through still photographs and video The expedition was done at depths ranging from 200 to 260 feet. "…very few
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Coral reefs struggle to survive in the world today. "In the past 10 years the world has lost 25% of the known living coral reefs". Coral reefs are particularly damaged by "…climate change, over fishing and coastal pollution". Scientists hope that through the exploration of Pulley Ridge, they can
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Once established on the seabed, the corals help create hard bottom habitat that becomes home to a diverse community of algae and animals that includes some species that are unique to these communities, and others species that are also found in shallower reef habitats. Understanding the factors that
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system off the shores of the continental United States. The reef rests on sunken barrier islands and lies 100 miles west of the
Tortugas Ecological Reserve and stretches north about 60 miles at depths ranging from 60 to 80 meters. Pulley Ridge was originally discovered in 1950 during a dredging
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In 2011, NOAA funded an ambitious project to fill the knowledge gaps on connectivity between Pulley Ridge and other reef systems throughout the Gulf of Mexico and the
Florida Keys. The project involves 35 scientists from 11 different institutions, working on everything from tracking plankton
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In 2002, the Gulf of Mexico
Fishery Management Council through NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program funded an expedition to examine the habitat and fish fauna on Pulley Ridge. Led by Chief scientist Bob Halley (U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL).
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operation conducted by an academic group from Texas. While well known to fishermen, this remarkable habitat remained undiscovered by scientists until 1999 when the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and graduate students from the
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happened upon it. This reef system, like other mesophotic ecosystems, is inhabited by photosynthesizing corals and algae that are adapted to low-light environments. It is habitat for numerous species of bottom fish including
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Allee, R.J., David, A.W., Naar, D.F., 2012. Two Shelf-Edge Marine
Protected Areas in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico, in: Harris, P.T., Baker, E.K. (Eds.), "Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat:
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scientific reef investigations are conducted within the depth zone between traditional scuba air limits of 130 feet and deep-sea submersible research at and below 500 feet".
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were seen at the ridge. He noted that this could have been because they were scared away by the divers or the fish could only come out at night. There appeared to be fewer
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coral reef that we know of today," said Robert Halley, former US Geological Survey marine geologist." Other reefs lie about 46 meters below sea level.
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living in the reef that may have some significance to the ridge. Cutler mentioned that compared to a shallow reef, there seemed to be fewer fish.
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Mission logs from this project include descriptions of focal species ranging from mesophotic algae to red grouper.
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402:"Understanding Coral Ecosystem Connectivity in the Gulf of Mexico from Pulley Ridge to the Florida Keys"
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Other expeditions have followed, including one led by James K. Culter of the Mote Marine
Laboratory in
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314:"Pulley Ridge" Coastal and Marine Geology Program. St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center.
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206:"Although deeper-water corals form reefs in the dark of ocean depths, Pulley Ridge is the deepest
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Atlas of seafloor geomorphic features and benthic habitats." Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 435-448.
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Back to the Reef: Coral
Ecosystem Connectivity: From Pulley Ridge to the Florida Keys
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than one would normally see in a shallow reef, but there were several species of
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gain new insight of how reefs function in order to better preserve other reefs.
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296:"Science Daily: Recently Discovered Reef Is Deepest Known Off Continental U.S."
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GIS Compilation of Data
Collected from the Pulley Ridge Deep Coral Reef Region
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During these explorations of Pulley Ridge, scientists found
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381:"Pulley Ridge coral reef fascinates scientists"
716:The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs
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342:"Pulley Ridge America's Deepest Coral Reef"
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406:National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
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222:The first scientific dives on Pulley Ridge
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795:Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
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947:Environmental issues with coral reefs
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427:"Mesophotic Algae of Pulley Ridge"
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990:International Coral Reef Society
830:Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System
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921:Stony coral tissue loss disease
478:United States Geological Survey
383:. CDNN-CYBER DIVER News Network
30:Projoverview coral figure 2 750
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379:O'Hara, Timothy (2005-08-20).
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850:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
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203:(red grouper) spawning area.
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875:Southeast Asian coral reefs
470:Photo album of Pulley Ridge
194:University of South Florida
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835:New Caledonia barrier reef
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727:Spur and groove formation
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483:Gulf Council final report
447:"Red Grouper on the Edge"
318:Retrieved 27 August 2018.
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790:East African coral coast
88:Pulley Ridge (Caribbean)
1123:Coral reefs of Florida
957:Coral reef restoration
952:Coral reef protection
916:Skeletal eroding band
722:Catlin Seaview Survey
710:Census of Coral Reefs
688:mesophotic coral reef
493:Ocean Explorer - 8-18
488:Ocean Explorer - 8-22
189:mesophotic coral reef
140:24.75000°N 83.75000°W
91:Show map of Caribbean
1118:Landforms of Florida
1062:Aquaculture of coral
845:Non-tropical regions
980:Coral Reef Alliance
870:Solomon Archipelago
775:Belize Barrier Reef
750:African coral reefs
145:24.75000; -83.75000
136: /
63:Show map of Florida
926:White band disease
911:Black band disease
880:Tuvalu Archipelago
860:Raja Ampat Islands
800:Great Barrier Reef
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931:White pox disease
780:Coral Sea Islands
232:Sarasota, Florida
200:Epinephelus morio
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1067:Coral dermatitis
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1038:Symbiodinium
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940:Conservation
855:Pulley Ridge
854:
714:
622:Octocorallia
541:Hexacorallia
450:. Retrieved
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430:. Retrieved
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409:. Retrieved
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385:. Retrieved
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350:. Retrieved
346:the original
316:USGS website
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185:Pulley Ridge
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19:Pulley Ridge
1031:Amphidinium
820:Lakshadweep
755:Amazon Reef
660:Coral reefs
533:coral reefs
255:crustaceans
143: /
118:Coordinates
1112:Categories
1097:Fire coral
1082:Coral sand
1005:Reef Check
985:Green Fins
700:Microatoll
640:Organ pipe
564:Hermatypic
452:2014-08-23
432:2014-08-23
411:24 October
387:2007-02-20
352:2007-02-12
301:2007-02-12
299:Retrieved
277:References
131:83°45′00″W
128:24°45′00″N
1077:Coral rag
1000:Reef Ball
770:Baa Atoll
261:present.
111:Caribbean
59:Caribbean
825:Maldives
815:Kiribati
765:Apo Reef
695:Fringing
650:Sea pens
645:Sea fans
603:Tabulate
589:Staghorn
559:Elegance
251:groupers
247:Tilefish
243:bacteria
107:Location
102:Location
865:Red Sea
810:Jamaica
584:Elkhorn
569:Chalice
166:Geology
156:Country
890:Yabiji
630:Bamboo
597:Rugose
574:Pillar
529:Corals
367:GEOHAB
1050:Other
805:India
678:Coral
668:Atoll
579:Table
554:Brain
549:Black
259:algae
187:is a
635:Blue
531:and
413:2014
249:and
177:reef
172:Type
673:Cay
1114::
404:.
323:^
285:^
601:†
595:†
521:e
514:t
507:v
455:.
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355:.
304:.
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