389:
762:
42:
500:
86:
61:
385:
the continental self—as adults. Spawning occurs offshore between
January and June, peaking in May. While primarily eating benthic invertebrates, the red grouper is an opportunistic feeder in the reef community. The diet commonly includes xanthid and portunid crabs, juvenile spiny lobster, and snapping shrimp, with the occasional fish.
409:
Red grouper actively excavate pits in the seafloor. They start digging in the sediment from the time they settle out of the plankton and continue throughout their lifetime. They use their caudal fin and their mouths to remove debris and sediment from rocks, creating exposed surfaces on which sessile
351:
is truncate. The pelvic fins insert posterior to the insertion site of the pectoral fins. Red grouper are dark reddish brown on the upper part of the head and body, shading to paler pink on the underparts. They are marked with lighter spots and blotches across their body and there are darker margins
384:
The red grouper is a demersal, largely sedentary species which has an extended (~40 day) pelagic larval stage before it settles in shallow coastal hardbottom habitat as juveniles. They remain in inshore waters for 4–5 years before migrating to offshore hardbottom habitat—particularly on the edge of
330:
which is 2.6 to 3 times as long as it is deep. The preopercle is subangular with the serrations at its angle being slightly enlarged and the upper edge of the gill cover is straight. The gill cover has three flat spines with the central spine being the longest. The
410:
organisms actively settle (e.g., sponges, soft corals, algae). The exposure of structure also attracts a myriad of other species, including mobile invertebrates and a remarkable diversity of other fishes, from gobies and butterflyfish to grunts and snapper. The
495:
The red grouper is a commercially important species for fisheries throughout its range and it is also an valuable resource for recreational fisheries too. It is the most frequently captured grouper by commercial fisheries in the United States and in Mexico.
425:
on the West
Florida Shelf west of the Dry Tortugas. Known for being extremely capable predators on small reef fish, scientists are very interested in determining the extent to which their invasion changes the functional dynamics of associated communities.
359:
When aggravated (they are highly territorial) or involved in spawning activities, these fish can very rapidly change coloration patterns, with the head or other parts of the body turning completely white, and the white spots appearing more intense.
641:
FAO Species
Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to
356:
of 125 centimetres (49 in), although they a more commonly found at lengths around 50 centimetres (20 in), and a maximum published weight of 23 kilograms (51 lb).
368:
The red grouper's typical range is coastal areas in the western
Atlantic, stretching from southern Brazil to North Carolina in the US and including the Gulf of Mexico and
2423:
2095:
2071:
2059:
1106:
893:
2437:
1936:
1612:
2179:
2143:
2107:
1990:
1792:
2148:
1945:
1576:
1261:
1252:
2370:
1864:
1846:
1765:
1270:
1819:
1711:
1702:
1657:
1630:
1459:
1342:
1891:
1567:
1522:
1423:
2184:
2172:
2076:
1909:
1801:
1774:
1747:
1477:
1387:
1378:
997:
520:. It is estimated to have declined globally by at least 30 percent over three generations or 51 years. The major threat to the species' survival is
1855:
1585:
1486:
1297:
1112:
2064:
1783:
1756:
1603:
1405:
1351:
1096:
1078:
879:
2842:
2658:
2112:
1900:
1882:
1666:
1621:
1549:
1051:
730:
Moravec F, Vidal-MartĂnez VM, Vargas-Vázquez J, Vivas-RodrĂguez C, González-SolĂs D, Mendoza-Franco E, Simá-Alvarez R, GĂĽemez-Ricalde J (1997).
1720:
1148:
513:
2710:
970:
1069:
952:
1729:
2896:
2829:
2632:
2855:
2671:
611:
779:
2749:
2860:
2676:
2911:
704:
2723:
846:
653:
453:
17:
2868:
2775:
2715:
2921:
447:
793:
2585:
528:
from hypoxia, algal blooms, oil and gas exploration and increasing sea temperatures due to climate change.
2598:
2593:
2558:
2203:
435:
85:
2906:
2873:
2780:
2430:
2167:
1243:
1130:
912:
761:
2047:
1234:
1087:
578:
417:
started invading red grouper habitat by 2008, from
Florida Bay to the Florida Keys and offshore to
2702:
2256:
1837:
1648:
1288:
388:
2847:
2663:
2520:
2416:
2409:
2395:
2119:
2012:
1972:
1639:
1432:
1139:
237:
2502:
2495:
2028:
1306:
886:
839:
422:
190:
2767:
2901:
2689:
2567:
2155:
2131:
1963:
1315:
961:
775:
480:
207:
2572:
824:
8:
2402:
2337:
2191:
1954:
466:
50:
554:
Brule, T.; Bertoncini, A.A.; Ferreira, B.; Aguilar-Perera, A.; Sosa-Cordero, E. (2018).
2916:
2361:
2238:
2100:
1918:
1738:
1441:
1324:
1060:
933:
925:
553:
517:
270:
216:
80:
65:
41:
2816:
2762:
2728:
2606:
2475:
2319:
2310:
2083:
1558:
1531:
1504:
1495:
788:
750:
649:
555:
2821:
2807:
2611:
2457:
2196:
2088:
1279:
1225:
1170:
832:
731:
674:
573:
353:
327:
308:
729:
2736:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2208:
1828:
1540:
1513:
1333:
1192:
1042:
1033:
293:
248:
499:
2543:
2485:
2136:
1981:
1873:
1675:
1594:
1468:
1396:
1201:
1024:
1006:
979:
525:
127:
2890:
2684:
2328:
2301:
2229:
2160:
2124:
2005:
1927:
1810:
1450:
1414:
1369:
1360:
943:
818:
607:
564:
484:
474:
372:. It lives in areas with wide continental shelves and is considered to be a
304:
70:
2385:
2247:
2220:
2052:
1183:
1163:
639:
418:
397:
340:
2741:
754:
2697:
2645:
2552:
2037:
1216:
1121:
521:
344:
259:
167:
137:
2834:
2637:
2352:
1015:
905:
348:
332:
311:
147:
2650:
2624:
869:
477:
443:
315:
301:
97:
2514:
2801:
2619:
2537:
2449:
1693:
736:(Pisces: Serranidae) of the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico"
620:
411:
336:
117:
648:. FAO Fish. Synopsis. Vol. 125. FAO, Rome. pp. 195–196.
2021:
988:
856:
373:
369:
297:
157:
2754:
483:(1794–1865), with the type locality given as the fish market in
2580:
107:
2467:
439:
854:
318:
and sea basses. It is found in the western
Atlantic Ocean.
637:
774:
503:
Red grouper caught off Key West in the
Florida Keys.
335:
contains 11 spines and 16 or 17 soft rays while the
487:, the fish being "probably caught south of there".
778:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
352:to the fins. This species has a maximum published
2888:
679:(Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)"
434:As other fish, red groupers harbour a number of
404:
579:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T44681A46914636.en
514:International Union for Conservation of Nature
840:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
685:. Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce
847:
833:
638:Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993).
602:
600:
598:
596:
538:
339:has three spines and eight soft rays. The
59:
40:
577:
498:
387:
606:
593:
14:
2889:
379:
2519:
2518:
828:
683:Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory
669:
667:
665:
633:
631:
524:, with possible contributions in the
516:has classified the red grouper as a
768:
565:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
465:The red grouper was first formally
24:
662:
628:
326:The red grouper has a body with a
25:
2933:
2029:Masked Grouper (G. albomarginata)
811:
697:
454:Pseudorhabdosynochus yucatanensis
2897:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
760:
84:
507:
448:Pseudorhabdosynochus justinella
363:
794:California Academy of Sciences
723:
490:
321:
13:
1:
711:. Florida Museum. 12 May 2017
531:
429:
405:Habitat engineers of the sea
7:
2204:Hyporthodus septemfasciatus
460:
10:
2938:
2912:Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
2013:Spanish flag (G. hispanus)
1235:Atlantic goliath grouper (
396:) on an excavated site on
314:, which also includes the
2791:
2527:
2483:
2465:
2447:
2431:Plectropomus pessuliferus
2424:Plectropomus oligacanthus
2383:
2350:
2218:
2168:Hyporthodus octofasciatus
2096:Hyporthodus flavolimbatus
2072:Hyporthodus ergastularius
2035:
2019:
2003:
1649:Pacific Goliath grouper (
1289:Blue and yellow grouper (
1214:
1181:
1161:
1140:Blue Spotted Sea Bass | (
941:
923:
903:
867:
400:on the West Florida Shelf
292:) is a species of marine
222:
215:
196:
189:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2048:Hyporthodus acanthistius
1973:White-streaked grouper (
1937:White-blotched grouper (
1640:Orange-spotted grouper (
1613:Oblique-banded grouper (
624:. December 2019 version.
610:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
2060:Hyporthodus darwinensis
1991:Yellowspotted grouper (
1793:Speckled blue grouper (
1307:Brown-marbled grouper (
1107:Cephalopholis polyspila
894:Alphestes multiguttatus
732:"Helminth parasites of
2922:Fish described in 1828
2438:Plectropomus punctatus
2417:Plectropomus maculatus
2410:Plectropomus leopardus
2396:Plectropomus areolatus
2120:Hyporthodus mystacinus
1964:Whitespotted grouper (
1946:White-dotted grouper (
1577:Multispotted grouper (
1316:Brownspotted grouper (
1262:Black-dotted grouper (
1253:Barred-chest grouper (
962:Blue-Spotted Grouper (
504:
401:
234:Serranus erythrogaster
2496:Variola albimarginata
2362:Pacific creole-fish (
2338:Yellowmouth grouper (
2180:Hyporthodus perplexus
2144:Hyporthodus niphobles
2108:Hyporthodus haifensis
1955:White-edged grouper (
1865:Striped-fin grouper (
1847:Starspotted grouper (
1766:Smallscaled grouper (
1271:Blacksaddle grouper (
887:Alphestes immaculatus
821:on Sealife Collection
776:Eschmeyer, William N.
572:: e.T44681A46914636.
502:
423:mesophotic coral reef
391:
307:which is part of the
267:Serranus angustifrons
2239:Venezuelan grouper (
2156:Hyporthodus niveatus
2149:Star-studded grouper
2132:Hyporthodus nigritus
1966:E. coeruleopunctatus
1919:Wavy-lined grouper (
1820:Spinycheek grouper (
1739:Saddletail grouper (
1723:E. fasciatomaculosus
1712:Reticulate grouper (
1703:Red-tipped grouper (
1658:Palemargin grouper (
1631:One-blotch grouper (
1460:Goldblotch grouper (
1442:Foursaddle grouper (
1343:Clipperton grouper (
1325:Camouflage grouper (
1131:Strawberry grouper (
1061:Vermillion seabass (
743:Folia Parasitologica
481:Achille Valenciennes
438:, including, on its
343:are longer than the
2403:Plectropomus laevis
2320:Yellowfin grouper (
2311:Broomtail grouper (
2192:Hyporthodus quernus
1892:Threespot grouper (
1651:E. quinquefasciatus
1568:Moustache grouper (
1559:Marquesan grouper (
1552:E. undulatostriatus
1532:Longtooth grouper (
1523:Longspine grouper (
1505:Hong Kong grouper (
1496:Honeycomb grouper (
1424:Duskytail grouper (
705:"Epinephelus morio"
380:Habitat and biology
51:Conservation status
2101:Yellowedge grouper
1910:Twinspot grouper (
1802:Speckled grouper (
1775:Snubnose grouper (
1748:Seamount grouper (
1478:Halfmoon grouper (
1388:Dot-dash grouper (
1379:Dogtooth grouper (
1345:E. clippertonensis
1280:Blacktip grouper (
1226:Areolate grouper (
1171:Humpback grouper (
998:Bluespotted hind (
934:Aethaloperca rogaa
518:vulnerable species
505:
402:
229:Valenciennes, 1828
2907:Fish of Guatemala
2884:
2883:
2763:Open Tree of Life
2586:epinephelus-morio
2573:Epinephelus_morio
2559:Epinephelus morio
2529:Epinephelus morio
2521:Taxon identifiers
2512:
2511:
2476:Triso dermopterus
2458:Saloptia powelli
2340:M. interstitialis
2293:Mottled grouper (
2284:Leopard grouper (
2275:Sawtail grouper (
2266:Sailfin grouper (
2084:Hyporthodus exsul
1957:E. albomarginatus
1903:E. chlorocephalus
1856:Striped grouper (
1829:Spotted grouper (
1586:Mystery grouper (
1541:Malabar grouper (
1514:Longfin grouper (
1487:Highfin grouper (
1433:Epaulet grouper (
1334:Catface grouper (
1298:Bridled grouper (
1291:E. flavocaeruleus
1193:marbled grouper (
1113:Six-blotch hind (
1088:Pacific Graysby (
1079:Vermilion hind (
1043:Leopard grouper (
1034:Neptune grouper (
1025:Yellowfin hind (
915:A. leucogrammicus
913:slender grouper (
862:
789:Catalog of Fishes
734:Epinephelus morio
677:Epinephelus morio
614:Epiphenelus morio
558:Epinephelus morio
394:Epinephelus morio
289:Epinephelus morio
280:
279:
274:
263:
252:
241:
230:
200:Epinephelus morio
74:
18:Epinephelus morio
16:(Redirected from
2929:
2877:
2876:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2850:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2770:
2758:
2757:
2745:
2744:
2732:
2731:
2719:
2718:
2706:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2680:
2679:
2667:
2666:
2654:
2653:
2641:
2640:
2628:
2627:
2615:
2614:
2602:
2601:
2589:
2588:
2576:
2575:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2516:
2515:
2197:Hawaiian grouper
2185:Puzzling grouper
2173:Eightbar grouper
2089:Tenspine grouper
2077:Sevenbar grouper
1982:Yellow grouper (
1874:Summan grouper (
1858:E. latifasciatus
1838:Starry grouper (
1784:Somali grouper (
1757:Sixbar grouper (
1676:Potato grouper (
1604:Netfin grouper (
1595:Nassau grouper (
1588:E. lebretonianus
1469:Greasy grouper (
1406:Dungat grouper (
1397:Dotted grouper (
1352:Cloudy grouper (
1327:E. polyphekadion
1309:E. fuscoguttatus
1246:E. amblycephalus
1244:Banded grouper (
1202:smooth grouper (
1036:C. igarashiensis
1007:Bluelined hind (
980:Chocolate hind (
860:
849:
842:
835:
826:
825:
805:
804:
802:
800:
772:
766:
765:
764:
758:
740:
727:
721:
720:
718:
716:
701:
695:
694:
692:
690:
671:
660:
659:
647:
635:
626:
625:
604:
591:
590:
588:
586:
581:
551:
415:Pterois volitans
269:
258:
256:Serranus remotus
247:
245:Serranus luridus
236:
228:
202:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
31:
21:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2867:
2859:
2854:
2846:
2841:
2833:
2828:
2820:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2787:
2779:
2774:
2766:
2761:
2753:
2748:
2740:
2737:Observation.org
2735:
2727:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2683:
2675:
2670:
2662:
2657:
2649:
2644:
2636:
2631:
2623:
2618:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2592:
2584:
2579:
2571:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2523:
2513:
2508:
2479:
2461:
2443:
2379:
2346:
2329:Scamp grouper (
2302:Tiger grouper (
2230:Black grouper (
2214:
2209:Convict grouper
2031:
2015:
1999:
1939:E. multinotatus
1928:White grouper (
1901:Tonga grouper (
1894:E. trimaculatus
1883:Surge grouper (
1813:E. drummondhayi
1811:Speckled hind (
1804:E. magniscuttis
1786:E. indistinctus
1759:E. sexfasciatus
1750:E. suborbitalis
1732:E. adscensionis
1714:E. tuamotuensis
1667:Plump grouper (
1633:E. melanostigma
1622:Olive grouper (
1550:Maori grouper (
1451:Giant grouper (
1415:Dusky grouper (
1390:E. poecilonotus
1370:Coral grouper (
1361:Comet grouper (
1318:E. chlorostigma
1210:
1177:
1157:
1149:Darkfin hind (
1052:Freckled hind (
937:
919:
899:
863:
853:
814:
809:
808:
798:
796:
773:
769:
759:
738:
728:
724:
714:
712:
709:Discover Fishes
703:
702:
698:
688:
686:
673:
672:
663:
656:
645:
636:
629:
605:
594:
584:
582:
552:
539:
534:
510:
493:
473:in 1828 by the
463:
432:
407:
382:
366:
328:standard length
324:
294:ray-finned fish
211:
204:
198:
185:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
27:Species of fish
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2935:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2865:
2852:
2839:
2826:
2813:
2797:
2795:
2793:Serranus morio
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2772:
2759:
2746:
2733:
2720:
2707:
2694:
2681:
2668:
2655:
2642:
2629:
2616:
2603:
2590:
2577:
2564:
2549:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2491:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2453:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2391:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2248:Gulf grouper (
2245:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2152:
2140:
2137:Warsaw grouper
2128:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2065:Darwin grouper
2056:
2043:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1849:E. hexagonatus
1844:
1840:E. labriformis
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1777:E. macrospilos
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1721:Rock grouper (
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1543:E. malabaricus
1538:
1529:
1525:E. longispinis
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1453:E. lanceolatus
1448:
1444:E. spilotoceps
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1372:E. corallicola
1367:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1133:C. spiloparaea
1128:
1119:
1115:C. sexmaculata
1110:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1081:C. oligosticta
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1027:C. hemistiktos
1022:
1013:
1004:
1000:C. cyanostigma
995:
986:
977:
971:Golden hind (
968:
959:
949:
947:
939:
938:
931:
929:
921:
920:
911:
909:
901:
900:
898:
897:
890:
883:
880:Alphestes afer
875:
873:
865:
864:
852:
851:
844:
837:
829:
823:
822:
813:
812:External links
810:
807:
806:
782:Serranus morio
767:
722:
696:
661:
654:
627:
608:Froese, Rainer
592:
536:
535:
533:
530:
526:Gulf of Mexico
509:
506:
492:
489:
471:Serranus morio
462:
459:
431:
428:
406:
403:
381:
378:
365:
362:
323:
320:
278:
277:
276:
275:
264:
253:
242:
231:
226:Serranus morio
220:
219:
213:
212:
205:
194:
193:
187:
186:
179:
177:
173:
172:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
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128:Actinopterygii
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2934:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2503:Variola louti
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2454:
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2451:
2446:
2440:
2439:
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2428:
2426:
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2421:
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2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2371:Creole-fish (
2369:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2259:M. microlepis
2257:Gag grouper (
2255:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2161:Snowy grouper
2158:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2125:Misty grouper
2122:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:Haifa grouper
2110:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2006:Gonioplectrus
2002:
1996:
1994:
1993:E. timorensis
1989:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1948:E. polystigma
1944:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1822:E. diacanthus
1818:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1795:E. cyanopodus
1791:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1685:Red grouper (
1683:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1624:E. cifuentesi
1620:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1579:E. gabriellae
1575:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1435:E. stoliczkae
1431:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1417:E. marginatus
1413:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1399:E. epistictus
1395:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1354:E. erythrurus
1350:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1204:D. striolata
1200:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1122:Tomato hind (
1120:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1090:C. panamensis
1086:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1054:C. microprion
1050:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
992:
987:
985:
983:
978:
976:
974:
969:
967:
965:
960:
958:
956:
951:
950:
948:
946:
945:
944:Cephalopholis
940:
936:
935:
930:
928:
927:
922:
918:
916:
910:
908:
907:
902:
896:
895:
891:
889:
888:
884:
882:
881:
877:
876:
874:
872:
871:
866:
858:
857:Epinephelinae
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
830:
827:
820:
816:
815:
795:
791:
790:
785:
783:
777:
771:
763:
756:
752:
749:(4): 255–66.
748:
744:
737:
735:
726:
710:
706:
700:
684:
680:
678:
670:
668:
666:
657:
655:92-5-103125-8
651:
644:
643:
634:
632:
623:
622:
617:
615:
609:
603:
601:
599:
597:
580:
575:
571:
567:
566:
561:
559:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
537:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
501:
497:
488:
486:
482:
479:
476:
472:
468:
458:
456:
455:
450:
449:
445:
441:
437:
427:
424:
420:
416:
413:
399:
395:
392:Red grouper (
390:
386:
377:
375:
371:
361:
357:
355:
350:
346:
342:
341:pectoral fins
338:
334:
329:
319:
317:
313:
310:
306:
305:Epinephelinae
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
285:
272:
268:
265:
261:
257:
254:
250:
246:
243:
239:
235:
232:
227:
224:
223:
221:
218:
214:
209:
203:
201:
195:
192:
191:Binomial name
188:
184:
183:
182:E. morio
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:Epinephelinae
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2792:
2528:
2501:
2494:
2484:
2474:
2466:
2456:
2448:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2386:Plectropomus
2384:
2373:P. furcifer
2372:
2363:
2351:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2221:Mycteroperca
2219:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2053:Rooster hind
2046:
2036:
2020:
2004:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1921:E. undulosus
1920:
1912:E. bilobatus
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1768:E. polylepis
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1668:
1660:E. bontoides
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1561:E. irroratus
1560:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1489:E. maculatus
1488:
1480:E. rivulatus
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1408:E. goreensis
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1336:E. andersoni
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1300:E. heniochus
1299:
1290:
1282:E. fasciatus
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1228:E. areolatus
1227:
1215:
1203:
1194:
1184:Dermatolepis
1182:
1173:C. altivelis
1172:
1164:Chromileptes
1162:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1124:C. sonnerati
1123:
1114:
1105:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1070:Niger hind (
1062:
1053:
1045:C. leopardus
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
991:C. cruentata
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
953:Rusty hind (
942:
932:
926:Aethaloperca
924:
914:
904:
892:
885:
878:
868:
797:. Retrieved
787:
781:
770:
746:
742:
733:
725:
713:. Retrieved
708:
699:
687:. Retrieved
682:
676:
640:
619:
613:
583:. Retrieved
569:
563:
557:
511:
508:Conservation
494:
470:
464:
452:
446:
433:
419:Pulley Ridge
414:
408:
398:Pulley Ridge
393:
383:
367:
364:Distribution
358:
354:total length
325:
288:
287:
283:
281:
271:Steindachner
266:
255:
244:
233:
225:
208:Valenciennes
199:
197:
181:
180:
168:
35:Red grouper
29:
2902:Epinephelus
2729:red-grouper
2698:NatureServe
2646:iNaturalist
2553:Wikispecies
2322:M. venenosa
2313:M. xenarcha
2277:M. prionura
2038:Hyporthodus
1885:E. socialis
1831:E. analogus
1741:E. daemelii
1730:Rock hind (
1696:E. guttatus
1642:E. coioides
1615:E. radiatus
1606:E. miliaris
1597:E. striatus
1570:E. chabaudi
1516:E. quoyanus
1426:E. bleekeri
1273:E. howlandi
1255:E. faveatus
1217:Epinephelus
1142:C. taeniops
973:C. aurantia
819:Red grouper
522:overfishing
491:Utilisation
444:monogeneans
345:pelvic fins
322:Description
284:red grouper
169:Epinephelus
154:Subfamily:
138:Perciformes
2891:Categories
2808:Q106420075
2364:P. colonus
2353:Paranthias
2286:M. rosacea
2250:M. jordani
1876:E. summana
1867:E. posteli
1705:E. retouti
1694:Red hind (
1669:E. trophis
1534:E. bruneus
1471:E. tauvina
1381:E. caninus
1363:E. morrhua
1264:E. stictus
1237:E. itajara
1195:D. inermis
1151:C. urodeta
1099:C. polleni
1063:C. miniata
1009:C. formosa
989:Graysby (
906:Anyperodon
861:(Groupers)
817:Photos of
532:References
349:caudal fin
333:dorsal fin
312:Serranidae
148:Serranidae
66:Vulnerable
2917:Game fish
2331:M. phenax
2304:M. tigris
2232:M. bonaci
1984:E. awoara
1930:E. aeneus
1678:E. tukula
1507:E. akaara
1462:E. costae
982:C. boenak
870:Alphestes
478:zoologist
467:described
436:parasites
430:Parasites
376:species.
302:subfamily
300:from the
176:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2848:11346324
2802:Wikidata
2703:2.105134
2664:10837231
2620:FishBase
2544:Q2414243
2538:Wikidata
2450:Saloptia
2295:M. rubra
2268:M. olfax
1975:E. ongus
1687:E. morio
1498:E. merra
1072:C. nigri
1018:C. fulva
964:C. argus
955:C. aitha
859:species
689:5 August
621:FishBase
585:5 August
485:New York
461:Taxonomy
412:lionfish
347:and the
337:anal fin
217:Synonyms
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2835:2388377
2638:2388373
2486:Variola
2241:M. cidi
2022:Gracila
1016:Coney (
855:Extant
799:11 July
755:9437838
715:11 July
374:neritic
370:Bermuda
316:anthias
298:grouper
249:Ranzani
210:, 1828)
164:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2874:304965
2861:643138
2781:159354
2768:144514
2755:159354
2742:239665
2716:153620
2677:167702
2599:111671
2581:ARKive
753:
652:
475:French
442:, the
309:family
273:, 1864
262:, 1860
251:, 1842
240:, 1842
2869:WoRMS
2843:IRMNG
2822:4WX55
2776:WoRMS
2690:44681
2659:IRMNG
2651:49637
2612:6G626
2468:Triso
739:(PDF)
646:(PDF)
440:gills
238:DeKay
2856:ITIS
2830:GBIF
2750:OBIS
2724:NOAA
2711:NCBI
2685:IUCN
2672:ITIS
2633:GBIF
2594:BOLD
801:2020
751:PMID
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