143:
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1061:. The male Atlantic puffin builds the nest and exhibits strong nest-site fidelity. Both sexes of the horned puffin help to construct their nest. Horned puffin burrows are usually about 1 meter (3.3 feet) deep, ending in a chamber, while the tunnel leading to a tufted puffin burrow may be up to 2.75 meters (9.0 feet) long. The nesting substrate of the tufted and Atlantic puffins is soft soil, into which tunnels are dug; in contrast, the nesting sites of horned puffins are rock crevices on cliffs. The Atlantic puffin burrow is usually lined with material such as grass, leaves, and feathers but is occasionally unlined. The eggs of the Atlantic puffin are typically creamy white but the occasional egg is tinged lilac.
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1210:
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786:
657:
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180:
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1222:
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The
Atlantic puffin forms part of the national diet in Iceland, where the species does not have legal protection. Puffins are hunted by a technique called "sky fishing", which involves catching the puffins in a large net as they dive into the sea. Their meat is commonly featured on hotel menus. The
1011:
The puffins are stocky, short-winged, and short-tailed birds, with black upper parts and white or brownish-grey underparts. The head has a black cap, the face is mainly white, and the feet are orange-red. The bill appears large and colorful during the breeding season. The colorful outer part of the
428:
that get brightly colored during the breeding season. They shed the colorful outer parts of their bills after the breeding season, leaving a smaller and duller beak. Their short wings are adapted for swimming with a flying technique underwater. In the air, they beat their wings rapidly (up to 400
608:
of southern
California and northern Mexico. Although there are no records from the Miocene in the Atlantic, a re-examination of the North Carolina material indicated that the diversity of puffins in the early Pliocene was as great in the Atlantic as it is in the Pacific today. This diversity was
595:
The
Fraterculini are thought to have originated in the Pacific, primarily due to their greater diversity there; there exists only one extant species in the Atlantic, compared to two in the Pacific. This species has shown some significant signs of animal intelligence. On January, 2020, some
1127:
trips since they can come back with more food energy for their chick than a bird that can only carry one fish at a time. This behavior is made possible by the unique hinging mechanism of their beak, which allows the upper and lower biting edges to meet at any of a number of angles.
1122:
but feed their chicks primarily with small marine fish several times a day. The puffins are distinct in their ability to hold several (sometimes over a dozen) small fish at a time, crosswise in their bill, rather than regurgitating swallowed fish. This allows them to take longer
1034:
1031:
609:
achieved through influxes of puffins from the
Pacific; the later loss of species was due to major oceanographic changes in the late Pliocene due to closure of the Panamanian Seaway and the onset of severe glacial cycles in the North Atlantic.
1033:
1015:
Although the puffins are vocal at their breeding colonies, they are silent at sea. They fly relatively high above the water, typically 10 m (33 ft) as compared with the 1.6 m (5.2 ft) of other auks.
1079:
at night. After fledging, the chicks spend the first few years of their lives at sea, returning to breed about five years later. Puffins in captivity have been known to breed as early as three years of age.
1165:
saw a serious decline due to harvesting. Until the islands were abandoned in 1953, the islanders often lived just above starvation level. As a result, the puffins were hunted in large numbers for food.
1071:
Puffins form long-term pair bonds or relationships. The female lays a single egg, and both parents incubate the egg and feed the chick (or "puffling"). The incubating parent holds the egg against its
1012:
bill is shed after the breeding season, revealing a smaller and duller true bill beneath. Because of their striking appearance they are also referred to as "clowns of the sea" and "sea parrots".
596:
researchers reported that, Atlantic puffins were seen using sticks as a tool to scratch themselves. The
Fraterculini fossil record in the Pacific extends at least as far back as the middle
1572:
Pereira, Sergio L.; Baker, Allan J. (2008). "DNA evidence for a
Paleocene origin of the Alcidae (Aves: Charadriiformes) in the Pacific and multiple dispersals across northern oceans".
1131:
In 2019, animal experts observed puffins, in two separate geographic locations, using sticks to scratch themselves indicating that the seabirds have a basic ability to use tools.
1032:
1252:
1236:
3427:
3674:
4642:
1639:
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1497:"Catalogue of the Alcidae contained in the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History, with a Review and proposed Classification of the Family"
3714:
3182:
2757:
2558:
4652:
4516:
3610:
2504:
2049:
1712:
1209:
2310:, No. 257, (Poole, A. & Gill, F. eds). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC
4168:
3919:
3386:
3257:
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The
English name "puffin" – puffed in the sense of swollen – was originally applied to the fatty, salted meat of young birds of the unrelated
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4126:
4040:
3909:
3899:
3447:
2794:
2515:
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1836:
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have been used to suggest an origin in the
Pacific in the Paleocene. Fossils from North Carolina were originally thought to have been of two
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1098:. In 2009, scientists estimated the number of nests to be 1.1 million, and number of individuals there is estimated to be up to 4 million.
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word for "puffin island" (Lundey), although an alternative explanation has been suggested with Lund referring to a copse, or wooded area.
4280:
4137:
3889:
2356:
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1991:
1961:
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1441:
1416:
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After breeding, all three puffin species winter at sea, usually far from coasts and often extending south of the breeding range.
1280:
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and exploitation during the 19th century and early 20th century. They continue to be hunted in
Iceland and the Faroe Islands.
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1315:
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1435:
1938:
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142:
1221:
2293:
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1944:
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Ornithologie, ou, Méthode
Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés
2104:
Lowther, Peter E.; Diamond, A. W; Kress, Stephen W.; Robertson, Gregory J.; Russell, Keith (2002). Poole, A. (ed.).
1057:
Puffins breed in colonies on coasts and islands; several current or former island breeding sites are referred to as
4604:
4469:
2017:
1915:
401:
on coastal cliffs or offshore islands, nesting in crevices among rocks or in burrows in the soil. Two species, the
4560:
4482:
2230:
305:
1662:
1538:"A new species of extinct late Pleistocene puffin (Aves: Alcidae) from the southern California Channel Islands"
1183:
1058:
1905:
919:: 38 cm (15 in) long, with a 63.5 cm (25.0 in) wingspan, weight 780 g (1.72 lb).
4542:
2384:
997:
566:
1682:
526:. The puffins and the rhinoceros auklet are closely related, together composing the subfamily Fraterculini.
3534:
1170:
fresh heart of a puffin is eaten raw as a traditional Icelandic delicacy. On the small Icelandic island of
834:: 38 cm (15 in) long, with a 58 cm (23 in) wingspan, weight 620 g (1.37 lb).
4412:
1150:
Puffins are hunted for eggs, feathers, and meat. Atlantic puffin populations drastically declined due to
753:: 32 cm (13 in) long, with a 53 cm (21 in) wingspan, weight 380 g (13 oz).
4417:
1465:
179:
1106:
4609:
2364:
1338:
1200:
2145:
1496:
2377:
1401:
1365:
626:
472:
278:
4321:
2201:
2018:"Two puffins scratched their itches with sticks -- the first evidence that seabirds can use tools"
825:
424:
All puffin species have predominantly black or black and white plumage, a stocky build, and large
4637:
1343:
1307:
31:
17:
2369:
4586:
4342:
793:
4521:
4581:
4573:
1351:
934:
849:
1995:
4438:
4389:
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1969:
1581:
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with about 10 million individuals. The largest single puffin colony in the world is in the
4596:
8:
4632:
1615:
1151:
877:
589:
410:
1585:
1548:
2081:
2044:
1744:
1707:
1674:
962:
910:
785:
768:
664:
350:
295:
174:
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1288:
744:
503:"little brother", because the puffin's black and white plumage resemble robes worn by
4568:
4425:
2328:
2289:
2267:
2086:
2068:
1910:
1749:
1731:
1666:
1597:
1445:
1311:
511:
1678:
4430:
4394:
4050:
3930:
3683:
3590:
3348:
3042:
2483:
2278:
The Birder's Handbook: a field guide to the natural history of North American birds
2119:
2076:
2058:
1898:
1880:
1739:
1721:
1658:
1589:
888:
812:
739:
570:
542:
1332:
4023:
3341:
3172:
3086:
2459:
2444:
2401:
1391:
1158:
1140:
1087:
981:
820:
727:
604:, and material tentatively referred to that genus, in the middle Miocene to late
558:
476:
438:
414:
341:
320:
231:
155:
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1593:
1395:
1377:
1373:
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3209:
3106:
2805:
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2106:
1867:
1091:
900:
446:
418:
656:
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times per minute) in swift flight, often flying low over the ocean's surface.
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3763:
3738:
3723:
3298:
3202:
3075:
3051:
2921:
2072:
1735:
1670:
1618:(2001) "Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina."
1227:
1051:
896:
863:
711:
707:
585:
406:
402:
332:
326:
301:
251:
167:
88:
2063:
1726:
1469:
4247:
4189:
4175:
4071:
4057:
3838:
3774:
3503:
3492:
3362:
3325:
3307:
3268:
3095:
2949:
2938:
2914:
2814:
2641:
2593:
2150:
2090:
1753:
1601:
1162:
484:
391:
287:
261:
4503:
4404:
4374:
4144:
4116:
4085:
4078:
3985:
3969:
3942:
3873:
3831:
3808:
3639:
3552:
3393:
2958:
2885:
2865:
2700:
2648:
2547:
1193:
1119:
1072:
445:), formerly known as the "Manks puffin". Puffin is an Anglo-Norman word (
398:
63:
46:
887:
North Pacific: British Columbia, throughout southeastern Alaska and the
4495:
4258:
4220:
4102:
4016:
3853:
3790:
3783:
3646:
3519:
3461:
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3314:
3287:
3247:
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3058:
2999:
2982:
2975:
2965:
2894:
2768:
2634:
2568:
2526:
2432:
1199:
The Atlantic puffin is the provincial bird of the Canadian province of
869:
816:
108:
73:
2238:
1834:"Tufted Puffin" is the preferred English name. F. Gill and M. Wright,
1171:
4451:
4288:
4151:
3978:
3656:
3379:
3193:
3148:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2874:
2825:
2733:
2680:
2660:
2276:
Ehrlich, P.; Dobkin, D. & Wheye, D. (1988) "Atlantic Puffin" in:
892:
719:
191:
113:
57:
4508:
4336:
2123:
1884:
904:
4456:
4359:
4213:
4182:
4158:
4095:
4030:
3951:
3824:
3468:
3355:
2928:
2777:
2537:
2420:
2178:
1124:
605:
574:
211:
103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
50:
1536:
Guthrie, Daniel A.; Thomas, Howell W.; Kennedy, George L. (1999).
4443:
4000:
3958:
3817:
3703:
3621:
3564:
3512:
3334:
2834:
2603:
2438:
2399:
1095:
804:
735:
715:
597:
394:
118:
93:
2043:
Fayet, Annette L.; Hansen, Erpur Snær; Biro, Dora (2019-12-24).
1706:
Fayet, Annette L.; Hansen, Erpur Snær; Biro, Dora (2019-12-30).
580:
397:
that feed primarily by diving in the water. They breed in large
4305:
4196:
3862:
3756:
3630:
3475:
3417:
3400:
2784:
2414:
1076:
1065:
808:
723:
703:
201:
1962:"Safnavefur Vestmannaeyja - Fiska og náttúrugripasafn - Lundi"
1865:
Piatt, John F; Kitaysky, Alexander S. (2002). A. Poole (ed.).
1848:
1846:
30:
This article is about the genus of birds. For other uses, see
4109:
4064:
4009:
2426:
2349:
1259:
1243:
1189:
1039:
731:
496:
492:
465:
382:
2103:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1769:"Puffins Seen Using Tools, Breaking Dumb-Puffin Stereotypes"
702:
North Atlantic: coasts of northern Europe south to northern
4227:
3663:
1843:
1115:
1068:
breed, sometimes Atlantic puffins breed in rabbit burrows.
504:
425:
221:
1663:
10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1039:FAROTP]2.0.CO;2
1516:
1514:
1174:
as many as 200 puffins can be caught in a single morning.
1046:
2209:
2022:
1797:
378:
241:
522:, and some authors place the tufted puffin in the genus
456:) for the cured carcasses of nestling Manx shearwaters.
2302:
Lee, D. S. & Haney, J. C. (1996) "Manx Shearwater (
1816:
1785:
1511:
533:
from Oregon dating to the Late Eocene while fossils of
1638:
Smith, N. A.; Olson, Storrs L.; Clarke, J. A. (2007).
1215:
Puffins are considered a delicacy on the Faroe Islands
4294:
4276:
4266:
4202:
4164:
4133:
4122:
4091:
4046:
4036:
3925:
3915:
3905:
3895:
3885:
3805:
3652:
3606:
3596:
3586:
3576:
3481:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3406:
3368:
3276:
3253:
3229:
3178:
3168:
3064:
2988:
2971:
2934:
2902:
2850:
2840:
2790:
2753:
2614:
2590:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2543:
2533:
2521:
2511:
2500:
2489:
2479:
1644:(Aves, Alcidae) from the Pliocene of North Carolina"
1535:
1501:
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History
1464:
1372:(in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche.
986:
337:
1545:
Proceedings of the 5th California Islands Symposium
2264:Smithsonian Birds of North America, Western Region
2105:
1866:
1640:"First Atlantic Record of the Horned Puffin genus
1468:; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2019).
1331:
4624:
2262:Alsop, Fred J. III (2001) "Atlantic Puffin" in:
1637:
1507:: 154 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
1330:
2266:: Page 451. New York City: DK Publishing, Inc.
2050:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2042:
1713:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1705:
1177:
2470:
2385:
1864:
1837:Birds of the World: Recommended English Names
2365:Puffins at the Farne Islands, Northumberland
2097:
1956:
1954:
1571:
1437:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1134:
1415:Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879).
1304:The Oxford Dictionary of British Bird Names
518:) has sometimes been included in the genus
2392:
2378:
2146:"Gordon Ramsay cleared over puffin eating"
1858:
1531:
1529:
1414:
1287:. National Audubon Society. Archived from
549:species, but were later reassigned to one
377:are any of three species of small alcids (
4643:Extant Late Pleistocene first appearances
2080:
2062:
1951:
1743:
1725:
1620:Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
1400:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
1281:"Puffin FAQs: 26 Questions About Puffins"
2283:
2143:
2137:
1852:
1822:
1791:
1633:
1631:
1520:
1301:
1105:
1045:
1028:
959:
579:
2313:
1937:Enright, Michael (December 30, 2018) .
1936:
1526:
1494:
1433:
1364:
471:was introduced by the French zoologist
14:
4653:Taxa named by Mathurin Jacques Brisson
4625:
2322:
2118:. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
2015:
1940:The Sunday Edition - December 30, 2018
1879:. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
1810:
1766:
1488:
1390:
4341:
4340:
3550:
3146:
2731:
2457:
2373:
2360:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911.
2174:"The island where people eat puffins"
1628:
1574:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1476:. International Ornithologists' Union
648:IUCN status and estimated population
510:The genus contain three species. The
4483:4850fc61-537e-4cb9-90ed-f56d076da761
2144:Plunkett, John (15 September 2008).
2016:Andrew, Scottie (31 December 2019).
1440:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
1352:participating institution membership
1295:
2458:
2045:"Evidence of tool use in a seabird"
1708:"Evidence of tool use in a seabird"
1086:Iceland is the home to most of the
24:
1906:"Kids patrol to help lost puffins"
1651:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1458:
1427:
1324:
25:
4664:
2342:
2116:The Birds of North America Online
1877:The Birds of North America Online
1495:Barrows, Walter Bradford (1877).
1114:Like many auks, puffins eat both
612:
27:One of several species of seabird
4320:
3533:
3129:
1916:British Broadcasting Corporation
1397:Check-list of Birds of the World
1251:
1235:
1220:
1208:
909:
868:
824:
784:
743:
655:
178:
141:
61:
2235:Pete Robson's Lundy Island Site
2223:
2194:
2166:
2036:
2009:
1984:
1930:
1828:
1760:
1699:
1608:
1565:
1258:Reverse of "Half Puffin" coin,
1188:The name of the English island
639:Scientific name and subspecies
600:, with three fossil species of
2206:BBC Radio 4 - The Living World
1968:(in Icelandic). Archived from
1408:
1384:
1358:
1273:
1242:Reverse of "One Puffin" coin,
1230:stamp of 1978 showing a puffin
1184:Puffin Island (disambiguation)
1006:
13:
1:
3147:
2732:
2325:The North American Bird Guide
1470:"Noddies, gulls, terns, auks"
1267:
1192:is believed to come from the
998:Channel Islands of California
567:Channel Islands of California
541:go back to the Late Miocene.
1019:
956:
432:
7:
1594:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.020
1474:World Bird List Version 9.2
1178:Related places and products
1075:with its wings. The chicks
1024:
557:. Another extinct species,
553:, the tufted puffin, and a
529:The oldest alcid fossil is
459:
10:
4669:
4648:Subterranean nesting birds
2308:The Birds of North America
2256:
1767:Tracey, Liz (2020-02-02).
1434:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1423:. Perseus Digital Library.
1181:
1145:
1138:
1101:
970:Common and binomial names
952:
29:
4349:
4317:
4257:
4237:
3999:
3968:
3941:
3881:
3872:
3852:
3804:
3773:
3746:
3737:
3713:
3693:
3673:
3629:
3620:
3572:
3563:
3559:
3546:
3531:
3502:
3324:
3297:
3267:
3192:
3159:
3155:
3142:
3127:
3105:
3085:
3041:
2948:
2893:
2884:
2864:
2824:
2804:
2767:
2744:
2740:
2727:
2699:
2679:
2659:
2613:
2589:
2466:
2453:
2409:
2280:: 207, 209–214. New York.
1947:. Event occurs at 48:00.
1547:: 525–530. Archived from
1366:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
1339:Oxford English Dictionary
1201:Newfoundland and Labrador
1135:Relationships with humans
1110:Atlantic puffin with fish
975:
972:
969:
862:
803:North Pacific: coasts of
781:
652:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
356:
349:
317:
312:
293:
286:
175:Scientific classification
173:
162:) with lesser sand eels (
154:
135:
41:
3551:
2404:and their extinct allies
2284:Harrison, Peter (1988).
1402:Harvard University Press
1302:Lockwood, W. B. (1993).
1050:Atlantic puffins on the
473:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
2357:Encyclopædia Britannica
2314:Lockley, R. M. (1953).
2064:10.1073/pnas.1918060117
1727:10.1073/pnas.1918060117
1344:Oxford University Press
1308:Oxford University Press
1161:off the Irish coast of
32:Puffin (disambiguation)
2323:Sibley, David (2000).
1870:Fratercula corniculata
1111:
1054:
1043:
794:Fratercula corniculata
592:
4582:Paleobiology Database
2318:. London: J. M. Dent.
2241:on September 29, 2007
1109:
1049:
1037:
815:, wintering south to
583:
516:Cerorhinca monocerata
4478:Fauna Europaea (new)
419:North Atlantic Ocean
2231:"Meaning of lundey"
2182:. 24 September 2017
1943:(Radio interview).
1918:. September 3, 2009
1855:, pp. 404–406.
1813:, pp. 252–253.
1586:2008MolPE..46..430P
1342:(Online ed.).
1152:habitat destruction
903:. Winters south to
899:and throughout the
878:Fratercula cirrhata
799:(Naumann, JF, 1821)
734:. Winters south to
632:
590:Seattle, Washington
565:) was found on the
411:North Pacific Ocean
409:, are found in the
3675:Synthliboramphini
2109:Fratercula arctica
2107:"Atlantic Puffin (
1421:A Latin Dictionary
1112:
1055:
1044:
963:taxonomic sequence
866:or crested puffin
665:Fratercula arctica
617:
593:
555:Cerorhinca species
481:Fratercula arctica
296:Fratercula arctica
164:Ammodytes tobianus
4620:
4619:
4569:Open Tree of Life
4343:Taxon identifiers
4334:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4315:
4314:
3995:
3994:
3848:
3847:
3800:
3799:
3733:
3732:
3542:
3541:
3529:
3528:
3138:
3137:
3125:
3124:
3037:
3036:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2334:978-1-873403-98-3
2304:Puffinus puffinus
2288:. Bromley: Helm.
1972:on 12 August 2007
1451:978-1-4081-2501-4
1392:Peters, James Lee
1350:(Subscription or
1317:978-0-19-866196-2
1038:Atlantic puffin,
1035:
1004:
1003:
1000:Late Pleistocene
950:
949:
884:
800:
671:
645:Size and ecology
630:
512:rhinoceros auklet
475:in 1760 with the
443:Puffinus puffinus
372:
371:
367:
282:
16:(Redirected from
4660:
4613:
4612:
4600:
4599:
4590:
4589:
4577:
4576:
4564:
4563:
4551:
4550:
4548:NBNSYS0000188728
4538:
4537:
4525:
4524:
4512:
4511:
4499:
4498:
4486:
4485:
4473:
4472:
4460:
4459:
4447:
4446:
4434:
4433:
4421:
4420:
4408:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4338:
4337:
4325:
4324:
4296:
4278:
4268:
4204:
4166:
4135:
4124:
4093:
4048:
4038:
3927:
3917:
3907:
3897:
3887:
3879:
3878:
3807:
3744:
3743:
3684:Synthliboramphus
3654:
3627:
3626:
3608:
3598:
3591:Hydrotherikornis
3588:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3483:
3445:
3435:
3425:
3408:
3370:
3278:
3255:
3231:
3180:
3170:
3157:
3156:
3144:
3143:
3133:
3066:
3043:Recurvirostridae
2990:
2973:
2936:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2852:
2842:
2792:
2755:
2742:
2741:
2729:
2728:
2616:
2592:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2545:
2535:
2523:
2513:
2502:
2491:
2484:Charadriisimilis
2481:
2468:
2467:
2455:
2454:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2361:
2353:
2338:
2319:
2299:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2237:. Archived from
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2113:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2066:
2057:(3): 1277–1279.
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1994:. Archived from
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1874:
1868:"Horned Puffin (
1862:
1856:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1729:
1720:(3): 1277–1279.
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1681:. Archived from
1657:(4): 1039–1042.
1648:
1635:
1626:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1335:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1277:
1255:
1239:
1224:
1212:
1088:Atlantic puffins
1036:
988:
957:
938:
913:
889:Aleutian Islands
882:
872:
853:
828:
813:British Columbia
798:
788:
772:
747:
678:Three subspecies
670:(Linnaeus, 1758)
669:
659:
653:Atlantic puffin
633:
631:– three species
625:
616:
571:Late Pleistocene
543:Molecular clocks
531:Hydrotherikornis
499:" from the word
417:is found in the
365:
339:
277:
183:
182:
145:
130:
60:
45:Temporal range:
39:
38:
21:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4608:
4603:
4595:
4593:
4585:
4580:
4572:
4567:
4559:
4554:
4546:
4541:
4533:
4528:
4520:
4515:
4507:
4502:
4494:
4489:
4481:
4476:
4468:
4463:
4455:
4450:
4442:
4437:
4429:
4424:
4416:
4411:
4403:
4401:
4393:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4345:
4335:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4253:
4233:
4024:Chroicocephalus
3991:
3964:
3937:
3868:
3844:
3796:
3769:
3729:
3709:
3689:
3669:
3616:
3555:
3538:
3525:
3498:
3320:
3293:
3263:
3188:
3151:
3134:
3121:
3101:
3087:Ibidorhynchidae
3081:
3033:
2944:
2880:
2860:
2820:
2800:
2763:
2736:
2715:
2695:
2675:
2655:
2609:
2585:
2462:
2460:Charadriiformes
2449:
2445:Charadriiformes
2405:
2398:
2348:
2345:
2335:
2296:
2259:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2202:"Puffin Island"
2200:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2183:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2124:10.2173/bna.709
2102:
2098:
2041:
2037:
2028:
2026:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1885:10.2173/bna.603
1863:
1859:
1851:
1844:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1765:
1761:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1646:
1636:
1629:
1613:
1609:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1540:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1512:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1432:
1428:
1413:
1409:
1389:
1385:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1310:. p. 100.
1300:
1296:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1247:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1216:
1213:
1186:
1180:
1159:Blasket Islands
1148:
1143:
1141:Atlantic puffin
1137:
1104:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1009:
990:Fratercula dowi
984:
955:
945:
942:
936:
927:
926:
921:
920:
908:
881:
857:
851:
842:
841:
836:
835:
823:
821:Baja California
797:
776:
770:
761:
760:
755:
754:
742:
728:Atlantic Canada
699:
698:
680:
679:
673:
672:
668:
615:
563:Fratercula dowi
477:Atlantic puffin
462:
439:Manx shearwater
435:
415:Atlantic puffin
366:Bonaparte, 1851
361:
336:
330:
324:
308:
299:
276:
232:Charadriiformes
177:
156:Atlantic puffin
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
131:
129:
128:
127:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
55:
54:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4666:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4638:Diving animals
4635:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4601:
4591:
4578:
4565:
4552:
4539:
4526:
4513:
4500:
4487:
4474:
4465:Fauna Europaea
4461:
4448:
4435:
4422:
4409:
4399:
4386:
4371:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4292:
4285:
4274:
4263:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4243:
4241:
4239:Stercorariidae
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4131:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4044:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3982:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3955:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3923:
3913:
3903:
3893:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3858:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3813:
3811:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3787:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3760:
3752:
3750:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3719:
3717:
3715:Brachyramphini
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3699:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3660:
3650:
3643:
3635:
3633:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3604:
3594:
3584:
3573:
3567:
3557:
3556:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3414:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3210:Hydrophasianus
3206:
3198:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3183:Scolopacimilis
3176:
3165:
3163:
3161:incertae sedis
3153:
3152:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3111:
3109:
3107:Haematopodidae
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3062:
3055:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2986:
2979:
2969:
2962:
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2899:
2897:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2838:
2830:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2810:
2808:
2806:Pluvianellidae
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2758:Cherevychnavis
2750:
2748:
2746:incertae sedis
2738:
2737:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2572:
2562:
2559:Sarjeantopodus
2552:
2541:
2531:
2519:
2509:
2498:
2487:
2476:
2474:
2472:incertae sedis
2464:
2463:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2351:"Puffin"
2344:
2343:External links
2341:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2327:. Pica Press.
2320:
2311:
2300:
2294:
2281:
2274:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2222:
2193:
2165:
2136:
2096:
2035:
2008:
1983:
1950:
1929:
1897:
1857:
1842:
1827:
1825:, p. 405.
1815:
1796:
1794:, p. 404.
1784:
1759:
1698:
1627:
1614:Olson, S. L.;
1607:
1580:(2): 430–445.
1564:
1525:
1523:, p. 406.
1510:
1487:
1457:
1450:
1426:
1407:
1404:. p. 358.
1394:, ed. (1934).
1383:
1357:
1323:
1316:
1294:
1291:on 2012-08-29.
1285:Project Puffin
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1207:
1179:
1176:
1147:
1144:
1136:
1133:
1103:
1100:
1092:Westmann Isles
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
995:
993:
978:
977:
974:
971:
967:
966:
954:
951:
948:
947:
937: LC
932:
914:
907:and California
901:Sea of Okhotsk
885:
883:(Pallas, 1769)
874:
860:
859:
852: LC
847:
829:
801:
790:
782:Horned puffin
779:
778:
771: VU
766:
748:
730:then south to
700:
697:
696:
694:F. a. naumanni
691:
686:
677:
676:
675:
674:
661:
650:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
614:
613:Extant species
611:
461:
458:
447:Middle English
434:
431:
381:) in the bird
370:
369:
354:
353:
347:
346:
333:F. corniculata
315:
314:
310:
309:
300:
291:
290:
284:
283:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
171:
170:
152:
151:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
133:
132:
124:
123:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4665:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4323:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3932:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3904:
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3901:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3860:
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3841:
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3836:
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3829:
3827:
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3822:
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3815:
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3812:
3810:
3803:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3764:Ptychoramphus
3761:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3739:Fraterculinae
3736:
3726:
3725:
3724:Brachyramphus
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3686:
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3649:
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3642:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3611:Pseudocepphus
3605:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3536:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
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3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
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3456:
3452:
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3449:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3299:Rostratulidae
3296:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3203:Actophilornis
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3132:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3076:Recurvirostra
3073:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3052:Cladorhynchus
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2922:Hoploxypterus
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2849:
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2846:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2812:
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2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2796:
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2774:
2772:
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2766:
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2735:
2730:
2726:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:Fluviatitavis
2499:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2295:0-7470-1410-8
2291:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2272:0-7894-7157-4
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2012:
1998:on 2011-07-22
1997:
1993:
1987:
1971:
1967:
1966:www.xtreme.is
1963:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1861:
1854:
1853:Harrison 1988
1849:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1823:Harrison 1988
1819:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:Harrison 1988
1788:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1688:on 2013-11-01
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1554:on 2020-07-27
1550:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1530:
1522:
1521:Harrison 1988
1517:
1515:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1417:"frātercŭlus"
1411:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1378:Vol. 6, p. 81
1375:
1374:Vol. 1, p. 52
1371:
1367:
1361:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1142:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1059:Puffin Island
1053:
1052:Faroe Islands
1048:
1041:
1017:
1013:
999:
996:
994:
991:
983:
980:
979:
968:
965:
964:
958:
946:
943:
940:
939:
933:
930:
924:
918:
915:
912:
906:
902:
898:
897:Kuril Islands
894:
890:
886:
880:
879:
875:
873:
871:
865:
864:Tufted puffin
861:
858:
855:
854:
848:
845:
839:
833:
830:
827:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
796:
795:
791:
789:
787:
780:
777:
774:
773:
767:
764:
758:
752:
749:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
712:Faroe Islands
709:
708:British Isles
705:
701:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
684:F. a. arctica
682:
681:
667:
666:
662:
660:
658:
651:
634:
628:
623:
622:
610:
607:
603:
599:
591:
587:
586:Tufted puffin
582:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:
457:
455:
451:
448:
444:
440:
430:
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:horned puffin
404:
403:tufted puffin
400:
396:
393:
389:
388:
384:
380:
376:
368:
364:
363:Sagmatorrhina
360:
355:
352:
348:
345:
344:
343:
335:
334:
329:
328:
323:
322:
316:
311:
307:
303:
298:
297:
292:
289:
285:
280:
275:
274:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:Fraterculinae
250:
247:
246:
243:
240:
237:
236:
233:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
181:
176:
172:
169:
168:Skomer Island
165:
161:
157:
153:
144:
134:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
59:
52:
48:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4350:
4304:
4297:
4287:
4279:
4269:
4248:Stercorarius
4246:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4176:Rhodostethia
4174:
4169:Pseudosterna
4167:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4125:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4084:
4077:
4072:Hydrocoloeus
4070:
4063:
4058:Gelochelidon
4056:
4049:
4039:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
3984:
3977:
3957:
3950:
3929:
3920:Paractiornis
3918:
3908:
3898:
3888:
3861:
3839:Praemancalla
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3789:
3782:
3775:Fraterculini
3762:
3755:
3722:
3702:
3682:
3662:
3655:
3645:
3638:
3609:
3599:
3589:
3579:
3518:
3511:
3504:Thinocoridae
3491:
3484:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3416:
3409:
3399:
3392:
3387:Limnocryptes
3385:
3378:
3371:
3363:Coenocorypha
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:Scolopacidae
3313:
3308:Nycticryphes
3306:
3286:
3279:
3269:Pedionomidae
3258:Nupharanassa
3256:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3181:
3171:
3160:
3114:
3096:Ibidorhyncha
3094:
3074:
3067:
3057:
3050:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2981:
2974:
2964:
2957:
2950:Charadriinae
2937:
2927:
2920:
2915:Erythrogonys
2913:
2907:Dolicopterus
2905:
2873:
2853:
2843:
2833:
2815:Pluvianellus
2813:
2793:
2783:
2776:
2756:
2745:
2647:
2642:Palaeotringa
2640:
2633:
2626:
2618:Graculavidae
2602:
2594:Laornithidae
2577:
2567:
2557:
2546:
2536:
2525:
2514:
2503:
2492:
2482:
2471:
2431:Infraclass:
2355:
2324:
2315:
2307:
2303:
2285:
2277:
2263:
2245:September 5,
2243:. Retrieved
2239:the original
2234:
2225:
2215:September 5,
2213:. Retrieved
2205:
2196:
2186:24 September
2184:. Retrieved
2177:
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2151:The Guardian
2149:
2139:
2127:. Retrieved
2115:
2108:
2099:
2054:
2048:
2038:
2027:. Retrieved
2021:
2011:
2000:. Retrieved
1996:the original
1992:"Nattsud.is"
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1970:the original
1965:
1939:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1909:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1876:
1869:
1860:
1835:
1830:
1818:
1787:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:
1762:
1717:
1711:
1701:
1690:. Retrieved
1683:the original
1654:
1650:
1641:
1622:
1619:
1616:Rasmussen P.
1610:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1556:. Retrieved
1549:the original
1544:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1473:
1460:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1410:
1396:
1386:
1369:
1360:
1337:
1326:
1303:
1297:
1289:the original
1284:
1275:
1198:
1187:
1168:
1163:County Kerry
1156:
1149:
1130:
1113:
1085:
1082:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1014:
1010:
989:
982:Dow's puffin
960:
944:
941:
935:
928:
922:
916:
876:
867:
856:
850:
843:
837:
831:
792:
783:
775:
769:
762:
756:
750:
693:
689:F. a. grabae
688:
683:
663:
654:
636:Common name
620:
619:
601:
594:
562:
559:Dow's puffin
554:
550:
546:
538:
534:
530:
528:
523:
519:
515:
509:
500:
488:
485:type species
480:
468:
463:
453:
449:
442:
436:
423:
413:, while the
390:. These are
386:
385:
374:
373:
362:
358:
357:
340:
331:
325:
319:
318:
294:
288:Type species
272:
271:
262:Fraterculini
163:
159:
36:
4504:iNaturalist
4375:Wikispecies
4145:Onychoprion
4127:Limicolavis
4117:Leucophaeus
4086:Ichthyaetus
4079:Hydroprogne
4041:Feducciavis
3986:Rhinoptilus
3970:Glareolinae
3943:Glareolinae
3910:Mioglareola
3900:Boutersemia
3874:Glareolidae
3832:Miomancalla
3809:Mancallinae
3448:Parvelorius
3394:Limnodromus
2959:Anarhynchus
2886:Pluvianidae
2866:Pluvianidae
2795:Genucrassum
2710:See below ↓
2690:See below ↓
2670:See below ↓
2649:Telmatornis
2548:Palintropus
2516:Jiliniornis
2494:Eupterornis
1922:26 February
1811:Sibley 2000
1773:JSTOR Daily
1642:Cerorhinca
1466:Gill, Frank
1120:zooplankton
1073:brood patch
1007:Description
961:Species in
501:fraterculus
487:. The name
327:F. cirrhata
248:Subfamily:
56:0.1–0
47:Pleistocene
4633:Fratercula
4627:Categories
4395:Fratercula
4381:Fratercula
4351:Fratercula
4271:Cerestenia
4259:Turnicidae
4221:Thalasseus
4207:Sternalara
4103:Larosterna
4017:Chlidonias
3854:Dromadidae
3791:Fratercula
3784:Cerorhinca
3601:Miocepphus
3581:Divisulcus
3520:Thinocorus
3462:Prosobonia
3455:Phalaropus
3438:Paractitis
3315:Rostratula
3288:Pedionomus
3281:Oligonomus
3248:Microparra
3241:Metopidius
3217:Irediparra
3116:Haematopus
3059:Himantopus
3000:Oreopholus
2993:Jilniornis
2983:Elseyornis
2976:Dorypaltus
2966:Charadrius
2895:Vanellinae
2845:Chionoides
2769:Burhinidae
2635:Graculavus
2628:Dakotornis
2569:Scandiavis
2527:Morsoravis
2433:Neognathae
2402:shorebirds
2400:Genera of
2029:2020-01-01
2002:2010-03-17
1976:15 January
1778:2020-02-02
1692:2009-03-30
1558:2009-03-28
1354:required.)
1268:References
1182:See also:
1139:See also:
817:California
621:Fratercula
602:Cerorhinca
569:until the
551:Fratercula
547:Fratercula
520:Fratercula
489:Fratercula
469:Fratercula
387:Fratercula
321:F. arctica
273:Fratercula
160:F. arctica
4289:Ortyxelos
4281:Eocliffia
4152:Pagophila
4138:Limosavis
3979:Cursorius
3931:Precursor
3890:Becassius
3657:Pinguinus
3380:Gallinago
3349:Bartramia
3194:Jacanidae
3149:Scolopaci
3028:Thinornis
3021:Pluvialis
3014:Phegornis
3007:Peltohyas
2875:Pluvianus
2826:Chionidae
2734:Charadrii
2681:Scolopaci
2661:Charadrii
2413:Kingdom:
2073:0027-8424
1736:0027-8424
1671:0272-4634
1625:233-–365.
1194:old Norse
1020:Behaviour
893:Kamchatka
720:Greenland
573:or early
483:) as the
433:Etymology
198:Kingdom:
192:Eukaryota
4444:45509369
4402:BioLib:
4360:Wikidata
4299:Turnipax
4214:Sternula
4183:Rynchops
4159:Phaetusa
4096:Laricola
4031:Creagrus
3952:Glareola
3825:Mancalla
3748:Aethiini
3695:Cepphini
3486:Villetus
3469:Scolopax
3418:Numenius
3356:Calidris
3342:Arenaria
3069:Kashinia
2929:Vanellus
2778:Burhinus
2579:Volgavis
2538:Nahmavis
2421:Chordata
2419:Phylum:
2415:Animalia
2306:)", in:
2286:Seabirds
2179:BBC News
2154:. London
2091:31889002
1754:31889002
1679:13622138
1602:18178108
1368:(1760).
1333:"Puffin"
1125:foraging
1025:Breeding
740:New York
606:Pliocene
575:Holocene
460:Taxonomy
399:colonies
395:seabirds
351:Synonyms
313:Species
302:Linnaeus
238:Family:
212:Chordata
208:Phylum:
202:Animalia
188:Domain:
51:Holocene
4574:1014289
4522:1111078
4496:2481352
4366:Q311761
4051:Gaviota
4001:Laridae
3959:Stiltia
3818:Alcodes
3704:Cepphus
3622:Alcinae
3565:Alcidae
3513:Attagis
3428:Nuntius
3411:Mirolia
3373:Elorius
3335:Actitis
3234:Janipes
3173:Hakawai
2835:Chionis
2604:Laornis
2443:Order:
2439:Neoaves
2437:Clade:
2425:Class:
2316:Puffins
2257:Sources
2158:6 April
2129:1 April
2082:6983420
1890:1 April
1840:, 2006.
1745:6983420
1582:Bibcode
1480:24 June
1228:Faroese
1172:Grimsey
1146:Hunting
1102:Feeding
1096:Iceland
1066:rabbits
953:Fossils
923:Habitat
838:Habitat
805:Siberia
757:Habitat
736:Morocco
716:Iceland
627:Brisson
598:Miocene
392:pelagic
375:Puffins
342:F. dowi
279:Brisson
268:Genus:
258:Tribe:
242:Alcidae
228:Order:
218:Class:
125:↓
18:Puffins
4610:137039
4594:uBio:
4535:177024
4457:1FRATG
4306:Turnix
4197:Sterna
3863:Dromas
3757:Aethia
3631:Alcini
3476:Tringa
3401:Limosa
3224:Jacana
2939:Viator
2855:Neilus
2785:Esacus
2331:
2292:
2270:
2089:
2079:
2071:
1752:
1742:
1734:
1677:
1669:
1600:
1448:
1314:
1077:fledge
1064:Where
976:Range
973:Image
905:Honshū
895:, the
809:Alaska
724:Norway
710:, the
706:, the
704:France
642:Range
629:, 1760
618:Genus
535:Aethia
454:poffin
450:pophyn
281:, 1760
166:), on
42:Puffin
4605:WoRMS
4587:39614
4561:28700
4517:IRMNG
4470:96990
4431:62T2G
4405:21726
4190:Rissa
4110:Larus
4065:Gygis
4010:Anous
3493:Xenus
1686:(PDF)
1675:S2CID
1647:(PDF)
1552:(PDF)
1541:(PDF)
1348:
1260:Lundy
1244:Lundy
1190:Lundy
1040:Lundy
732:Maine
524:Lunda
505:monks
497:friar
495:for "
493:Latin
466:genus
426:beaks
383:genus
359:Lunda
4597:1282
4556:NCBI
4530:ITIS
4509:4503
4491:GBIF
4452:EPPO
4418:4527
4413:BOLD
4228:Xema
3664:Uria
3647:Alle
3640:Alca
3553:Lari
2701:Lari
2427:Aves
2329:ISBN
2290:ISBN
2268:ISBN
2247:2007
2217:2007
2188:2017
2160:2009
2131:2009
2087:PMID
2069:ISSN
1978:2022
1924:2013
1911:CBBC
1892:2009
1750:PMID
1732:ISSN
1667:ISSN
1598:PMID
1482:2019
1446:ISBN
1312:ISBN
1262:1929
1246:1929
1157:The
1118:and
1116:fish
1042:, UK
929:Diet
917:Size
844:Diet
832:Size
819:and
811:and
763:Diet
751:Size
738:and
726:and
539:Uria
537:and
464:The
405:and
379:auks
306:1758
222:Aves
64:PreꞒ
4543:NBN
4439:EoL
4426:CoL
4390:ADW
2210:BBC
2120:doi
2077:PMC
2059:doi
2055:117
2023:CNN
1945:CBC
1881:doi
1740:PMC
1722:doi
1718:117
1659:doi
1590:doi
1442:164
1094:of
588:in
491:is
452:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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