850:
1045:
924:
962:
1231:
1147:
1174:
44:
794:
720:
31:
235:, though the two families are sometimes elevated to a separate order Galbuliformes. Lacking the iridescent colours of the jacamars, puffbirds are mainly brown, rufous or grey, with large heads, large eyes, and flattened bills with a hooked tip. Their loose, abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English name of the family. The species range in size from the
1072:
646:
Generally dull-plumaged birds, puffbirds may have brightly colored bills, eyebrows and irises. They have large heads, short wings and strong bills, with short legs and diminutive feet. There is some sexual dimorphism; the female is slightly larger and slightly duller-plumaged than the male. Juvenile
695:
The breeding behaviour of puffbirds is not well known. Nests are burrows in dirt, rotten wood or termite mounds. Puffbirds are known to lay clutches of two or three eggs. The eggs are round, small, and white. The incubation period is around 15 days, and performed by both parents. Born blind and
659:. When calling they mostly do so at dawn and dusk. The main vocalizations consist of repeated and high-pitched whistles. The nunbirds are the most vocal of the family; they have a wide repertoire of calls and often give very loud shouts.
294:
relationship between the puffbirds and the eight other families that make up the order
Piciformes is shown in the cladogram below. The number of species in each family is taken from the list maintained by
287:, confirmed that puffbirds and jacamars were sister groups and their place in Piciformes. The lineage is sometimes elevated to order level as Galbuliformes, first proposed by Sibley and Ahlquist in 1990.
267:(1930, revised in 1951 and 1960). The placement of the combined puffbird and jacamar lineage was in question, with some bone and muscle features suggesting they may be more closely related to the
604:
the next to branch off around 19.1 million years ago. A fossil right wing recovered from Lower Eocene beds in
Lincoln County Wyoming was initially classified as a puffbird and given the name
696:
naked, the young can crawl to the entrance of the nest burrow at one or two days of age. There, their mother feeds them partly chewed insects. They fledge at around 20 to 21 days.
1420:
Ericson, P. G. P.; Anderson, C. L.; Britton, T.; Elzanowski, A.; Johansson, U. S.; Källersjö, M.; Ohlson, J. I.; Parsons, T. J.; Zuccon, D.; Mayr, G. (2006).
1643:
1383:
655:
Puffbirds are one of the most silent birds in the
Neotropics and vocalize very rarely. The most vocal species are the nunbirds and those in the genus
2097:
2123:
638:
also lives in more open country. No species of puffbirds have been recorded of moving any significant distance beyond its home territory.
2071:
1658:
2192:
2110:
1697:(Aves: Coracii) from the Eocene Green River Formation: New Anatomical Data from the Earliest Constrained Record of Stem Rollers"
304:
1526:
Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S.T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2021).
2115:
1859:
667:
Puffbirds are by nature arboreal. Mostly secretive, they are found singly or in small family groups. Species of the genus
2182:
1820:
1798:
1773:
1510:
1480:
1470:
1335:
1305:
2128:
679:
Puffbirds are sit-and-wait hunters, perching unmoving for long periods, while watching for insect prey. As well as
2187:
683:, they may eat small lizards and plant material. Arthropod exoskeletons are regurgitated as pellets. The
2032:
891:
882:
598:) diverged from the common ancestor of other puffbirds an estimated 25 million years ago, with the genus
2037:
1612:
296:
43:
626:
Puffbirds are found from Mexico to southern Brazil, with the greatest variety of species found in the
994:
849:
1852:
1021:
938:
808:
283:(two toes facing forward and two aft) before separating. Per Ericson and colleagues, in analysing
1243:
1003:
923:
752:
684:
635:
630:. They live in forested or wooded habitats, including lowland, foothills, and open woodland. The
1044:
251:
Puffbirds get their common name from their fluffy plumage. In
Spanish, they have been nicknamed
2154:
1985:
1132:
1087:
1012:
976:
1763:
1500:
1325:
1295:
2149:
2102:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1096:
985:
826:
779:
761:
743:
240:
2141:
2058:
2023:
1708:
1528:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3′-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
1123:
873:
236:
8:
2177:
1845:
1616:
1384:"Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes
1159:
1114:
1057:
1030:
961:
947:
631:
300:
1712:
1670:
1597:
1570:
255:("dummy") from their propensity to sit motionless waiting for prey. American naturalist
1446:
1421:
259:
defined the
Bucconidae in 1821. The family was classified as part of the Piciformes by
38:
1230:
2136:
2045:
1832:
1816:
1794:
1769:
1554:
1506:
1476:
1451:
1406:
1331:
1301:
900:
835:
687:
is the only member in the family that is known to capture insects from open perches.
260:
1644:
Rates of
Molecular Evolution and their Application to Neotropical Avian Biogeography
1352:
592:
Molecular investigation of the
Bucconidae in 2004 indicated that the nunlets (genus
2050:
1889:
1716:
1592:
1582:
1549:
1539:
1441:
1433:
1402:
1364:
817:
734:
256:
120:
1468:
1881:
1868:
1146:
864:
610:. The discovery of more complete specimens, including twelve in 2010, shows that
1422:"Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils"
1949:
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909:
506:
1721:
1692:
1264:
1173:
2171:
2008:
1544:
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1368:
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770:
389:
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220:
1937:
1923:
1455:
1437:
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522:
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276:
186:
165:
279:
to the rest of the
Piciformes, also showing that the groups had developed
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2017:
1955:
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600:
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284:
272:
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1967:
1961:
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55:
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1979:
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2002:
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634:
is the only member of this species known to live in highlands. The
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239:, at 13 cm (5.1 in) and 14 g (0.49 oz), to the
219:
are tropical tree-dwelling insectivorous birds that are found from
158:
151:
75:
1381:
1906:
1898:
1690:
1293:
1078:
594:
405:
243:, at up to 29 cm (11 in) and 106 g (3.7 oz).
228:
172:
105:
1571:"Complexity of avian evolution revealed by family-level genomes"
1419:
1943:
1180:
224:
200:
65:
1734:
1732:
671:, known as nunbirds, are more gregarious and found in flocks.
2063:
1297:
Biology, Medicine, and
Surgery of South American Wild Animals
800:
137:
1761:
1525:
1729:
1469:
Hans Winkler, David A. Christie & David Nurney (2010).
85:
1071:
1833:
Internet Bird Collection.com: Puffbird−Bucconidae videos
1353:"A Systematic Classification for the Birds of the World"
1788:
265:
A Systematic Classification for the Birds of the World
1611:
1382:Johansson, Ulf S. & Ericson, Per G.P. (2003).
231:, they form a divergent lineage within the order
2169:
1647:, Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University
1357:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
1853:
227:. Together with their closest relatives, the
1691:Ksepka, Daniel T.; Clarke, Julia A. (2010).
1294:Fowler, Murray E.; Cubas, Zalmir S. (2008).
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1793:. Princeton University Press. p. 404.
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1413:
1330:. Princeton University Press. p. 448.
621:
1860:
1846:
1494:
1492:
29:
1720:
1596:
1586:
1553:
1543:
1445:
1278:
1746:
1656:
1498:
1375:
1782:
1762:Bruce Campbell; Elizabeth Lack (2010).
1568:
1489:
1350:
1319:
1317:
2170:
1768:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 488.
1505:. Yale University Press. p. 341.
1462:
1300:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 181.
305:International Ornithological Committee
1984:
1983:
1867:
1841:
1623:. International Ornithologists' Union
1323:
1964:(woodpeckers, piculets and wrynecks)
1314:
1791:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Birds
1742:. National Geographic. p. 188.
1274:. National Geographic. p. 187.
303:and David Donsker on behalf of the
13:
1814:A guide to the birds of Costa Rica
1701:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1621:"IOC World Bird List Version 14.1"
215:and their relatives in the family
14:
2204:
1915:(puffbirds, nunbirds and nunlets)
1826:
1659:"An Eocene Puffbird from Wyoming"
1569:Stiller, J.; et al. (2024).
1502:The Origin and Evolution of Birds
486:– New World barbets (15 species)
1407:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x
1229:
1172:
1145:
1070:
1043:
960:
922:
848:
792:
718:
42:
1789:Christopher M. Perrins (2009).
1684:
1650:
1635:
1605:
1562:
1532:Molecular Biology and Evolution
463:– African barbets (42 species)
275:in a 2003 study placed them as
2193:Taxa named by Thomas Horsfield
1519:
1344:
641:
1:
1257:
614:was instead an early type of
509:– toucan barbets (2 species)
440:– Asian barbets (35 species)
408:– woodpeckers (240 species)
7:
1740:Complete Birds of the World
1351:Wetmore, Alexander (1930).
1272:Complete Birds of the World
892:Western striolated puffbird
883:Eastern striolated puffbird
690:
662:
392:– honeyguides (16 species)
246:
10:
2209:
1669:(1): 13–15. Archived from
1588:10.1038/s41586-024-07323-1
699:
674:
647:birds have shorter beaks.
1992:
1922:
1897:
1879:
1722:10.1080/02724630903412414
1657:Brodkorb, Pierce (1970).
1555:21.11116/0000-0007-B72A-C
1324:Hilty, Steven L. (2002).
995:Crescent-chested puffbird
520:
504:
497:
481:
474:
458:
451:
435:
428:
403:
387:
380:
373:
353:– puffbirds (38 species)
348:
332:
325:
318:
133:
128:
39:Scientific classification
37:
28:
23:
2183:Birds of Central America
1619:, eds. (December 2023).
1395:Journal of Avian Biology
1369:10.5479/si.00963801.2821
1022:White-whiskered puffbird
1008:Malacoptila fulvogularis
939:Russet-throated puffbird
809:Chestnut-capped puffbird
739:Notharchus macrorhynchos
650:
622:Distribution and habitat
337:– jacamars (18 species)
1499:Feduccia, Alan (1999).
1244:Swallow-winged puffbird
1062:Micromonacha lanceolata
1004:Black-streaked puffbird
753:Black-breasted puffbird
748:Notharchus hyperrynchus
685:swallow-winged puffbird
636:swallow-winged puffbird
525:– toucans (43 species)
2188:Birds of South America
1663:Rocky Mountain Geology
1545:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
1438:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523
1248:Chelidoptera tenebrosa
1133:Chestnut-headed nunlet
1088:Fulvous-chinned nunlet
1035:Malacoptila mystacalis
1026:Malacoptila panamensis
1013:Rufous-necked puffbird
990:Malacoptila semicincta
977:White-chested puffbird
914:Nystalus striatipectus
2150:Paleobiology Database
1765:A Dictionary of Birds
1217:Yellow-billed nunbird
1208:White-fronted nunbird
1199:Black-fronted nunbird
1137:Nonnula amaurocephala
1097:Rusty-breasted nunlet
986:Semicollared puffbird
827:Sooty-capped puffbird
780:Buff-bellied puffbird
762:Brown-banded puffbird
757:Notharchus pectoralis
744:White-necked puffbird
241:white-necked puffbird
24:Puffbirds and allies
1164:Hapaloptila castanea
1124:Rufous-capped nunlet
874:White-eared puffbird
784:Notharchus swainsoni
237:rufous-capped nunlet
1812:Stiles and Skutch,
1713:2010JVPal..30..215K
1641:Witt, C.C. (2004),
1221:Monasa flavirostris
1160:White-faced nunbird
1128:Nonnula ruficapilla
1115:Grey-cheeked nunlet
1058:Lanceolated monklet
1031:Moustached puffbird
999:Malacoptila striata
948:Two-banded puffbird
943:Hypnelus ruficollis
887:Nystalus striolatus
813:Bucco macrodactylus
632:white-faced nunbird
301:Pamela C. Rasmussen
1958:(American barbets)
1695:Primobucco mcgrewi
1615:; Donsker, David;
1327:Birds of Venezuela
952:Hypnelus bicinctus
905:Nystalus maculatus
607:Primobucco mcgrewi
2165:
2164:
2137:Open Tree of Life
1986:Taxon identifiers
1977:
1976:
1934:(African barbets)
1617:Rasmussen, Pamela
1475:. A&C Black.
1255:
1254:
1203:Monasa nigrifrons
1119:Nonnula frontalis
981:Malacoptila fusca
901:Caatinga puffbird
869:Nystalus radiatus
836:Collared puffbird
775:Notharchus tectus
588:
587:
579:
578:
570:
569:
561:
560:
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533:
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261:Alexander Wetmore
209:
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2131:
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2066:
2054:
2053:
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2028:
2027:
2026:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1981:
1980:
1952:(toucan-barbets)
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1855:
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1839:
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1805:
1804:
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1379:
1373:
1372:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1291:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1233:
1212:Monasa morphoeus
1176:
1149:
1101:Nonnula rubecula
1092:Nonnula sclateri
1074:
1047:
1017:Malacoptila rufa
964:
926:
878:Nystalus chacuru
852:
818:Spotted puffbird
796:
766:Notharchus ordii
735:Guianan puffbird
722:
704:
703:
500:
499:
477:
476:
454:
453:
431:
430:
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257:Thomas Horsfield
119:
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2049:
2044:
2036:
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2016:
2007:
2006:
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1988:
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1940:(Asian barbets)
1918:
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1787:
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1426:Biology Letters
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1292:
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1265:
1260:
1110:Nonnula brunnea
896:Nystalus obamai
865:Barred puffbird
713:Living Species
702:
693:
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665:
653:
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624:
591:
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562:
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418:
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281:zygodactyl feet
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2014:
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1950:Semnornithidae
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1827:External links
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1538:(1): 108–127.
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1184:– the nunbirds
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910:Chaco puffbird
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840:Bucco capensis
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831:Bucco noanamae
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1987:
1982:
1970:(honeyguides)
1969:
1968:Indicatoridae
1966:
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1707:(1): 215–25.
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1673:on 2016-08-07
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822:Bucco tamatia
819:
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771:Pied puffbird
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269:Coraciiformes
266:
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221:South America
218:
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61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1993:
1944:Ramphastidae
1938:Megalaimidae
1912:
1888:
1880:
1813:
1790:
1784:
1764:
1739:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1686:
1675:. Retrieved
1671:the original
1666:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1607:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1535:
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1398:
1394:
1385:
1377:
1360:
1356:
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1326:
1296:
1271:
1266:
1247:
1237:Chelidoptera
1236:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1179:
1163:
1152:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1106:Brown nunlet
1100:
1091:
1077:
1061:
1051:Micromonacha
1050:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
967:
951:
942:
929:
913:
904:
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877:
868:
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839:
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821:
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783:
774:
765:
756:
747:
738:
725:
694:
678:
668:
666:
656:
654:
645:
628:Amazon Basin
625:
611:
605:
599:
593:
590:
523:Ramphastidae
521:
505:
482:
459:
438:Megalaimidae
436:
404:
388:
350:
349:
333:
292:phylogenetic
289:
277:sister group
264:
263:in his work
252:
250:
216:
212:
210:
199:
192:
187:Chelidoptera
185:
178:
171:
166:Micromonacha
164:
157:
150:
143:
136:
115:
18:
2085:iNaturalist
2018:Wikispecies
1956:Capitonidae
1613:Gill, Frank
1581:: 851–860.
1363:(2821): 6.
1194:Monasa atra
1153:Hapaloptila
969:Malacoptila
642:Description
601:Malacoptila
484:Capitonidae
285:genomic DNA
273:nuclear DNA
194:Malacoptila
180:Hapaloptila
2178:Bucconidae
2172:Categories
2024:Bucconidae
1994:Bucconidae
1913:Bucconidae
1909:(jacamars)
1907:Galbulidae
1873:Piciformes
1677:2014-12-09
1401:(2): 185.
1258:References
727:Notharchus
681:arthropods
612:Primobucco
351:Bucconidae
335:Galbulidae
315:Piciformes
297:Frank Gill
233:Piciformes
217:Bucconidae
145:Notharchus
116:Bucconidae
102:Suborder:
96:Piciformes
1946:(toucans)
213:puffbirds
121:Horsfield
62:Kingdom:
56:Eukaryota
2003:Wikidata
1932:Lybiidae
1882:Suborder
1598:11111414
1456:17148284
931:Hypnelus
857:Nystalus
691:Breeding
663:Behavior
657:Nystalus
461:Lybiidae
247:Taxonomy
229:jacamars
159:Hypnelus
152:Nystalus
112:Family:
76:Chordata
72:Phylum:
66:Animalia
52:Domain:
2009:Q621861
1962:Picidae
1899:Galbuli
1709:Bibcode
1627:17 June
1447:1834003
1079:Nonnula
700:Species
675:Feeding
595:Nonnula
406:Picidae
307:(IOC).
173:Nonnula
129:Genera
106:Galbuli
92:Order:
82:Class:
2142:483802
2129:135166
2116:178143
2103:105711
1890:Family
1819:
1797:
1772:
1595:
1575:Nature
1509:
1479:
1454:
1444:
1334:
1304:
1181:Monasa
669:Monasa
616:roller
225:Mexico
223:up to
201:Monasa
123:, 1821
2155:39375
2098:IRMNG
2051:622HW
2038:89086
1869:Order
1391:(PDF)
1386:sensu
801:Bucco
710:Genus
707:Image
651:Voice
138:Bucco
2124:NCBI
2111:ITIS
2090:1505
2077:5703
2072:GBIF
2064:7595
2033:BOLD
1924:Pici
1817:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1629:2024
1507:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1452:PMID
1332:ISBN
1302:ISBN
290:The
253:bobo
211:The
86:Aves
2059:EoL
2046:CoL
1717:doi
1593:PMC
1583:doi
1579:629
1550:hdl
1540:doi
1442:PMC
1434:doi
1403:doi
1365:doi
2174::
2152::
2139::
2126::
2113::
2100::
2087::
2074::
2061::
2048::
2035::
2020::
2005::
1871::
1748:^
1731:^
1715:.
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1393:.
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1310:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
