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The medial border is articular; it is oval, and is marked by eight or nine transverse ridges, or a series of nipple-like processes arranged in rows, separated by grooves; they serve for the attachment of a thin layer of cartilage, which intervenes between it and the interpubic fibrocartilaginous
732:, and pubis all meet, and into which the head of the femur inserts. The orientation and position of the acetabulum is one of the main morphological traits that caused dinosaurs to walk in an upright posture with their legs directly underneath their bodies. The
660:, and evolved as a means of support for muscles flexing the thigh, facilitating the development of an erect gait. However, these prevent the expansion of the torso, preventing pregnancy and forcing the animal to give birth to larval young (the modern
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The inferior pubic ramus is a part of the pelvis and is thin and flat. It passes laterally and downward from the medial end of the superior ramus; it becomes narrower as it descends and joins with the
977:
736:
is a bony extension of the pubis that extends forward from the hip socket and toward the front of the animal. This adaptation is thought to have played a role in supporting the abdominal muscles.
304:. It extends from the body to the median plane where it joins with the ramus of the opposite side. It consists of an inner flattened part and a narrow outer prismoid portion.
601:
is thick, rough, and everted, and presents two ridges, separated by an intervening space. The ridges extend downwards, and are continuous with similar ridges on the
180:) of the three bones that make up the hip bone. The left and right pubic bones are each made up of three sections; a superior ramus, an inferior ramus, and a body.
345:
The posterior surface, convex from above downward, concave from side to side, is smooth, and forms part of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It gives origin to the
424:
Medial to the pubic tubercle is the crest, which extends from this process to the medial end of the bone. It affords attachment to the inguinal falx, and to the
718:
pelvis, however, the pubic bone extends forward towards the head of the animal, as can be seen in the typical saurischian pelvic structure pictured below. The
124:
1077:
Frederick S. Szalay (11 May 2006). Evolutionary
History of the Marsupials and an Analysis of Osteological Characters. Cambridge University Press. pp. 293–.
783:
and pelvic bone, with parts labelled. The pubic bone consists of the body and superior pubic ramus (4), and the inferior pubic ramus (3), which join at the
869:
1043:
White, T.D. (August 9, 1989). "An analysis of epipubic bone function in mammals using scaling theory". Journal of
Theoretical Biology 139 (3): 343–57.
507:, and presents, laterally, a broad and deep, oblique groove, for the passage of the obturator vessels and nerve; and medially, a sharp margin, the
100:
714:
pelvis is a condition where the pubic bone extends back towards the tail of the animal, a trait that is also present in birds. In a
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The body forms the wide, strong, middle and flat part of the pubic bone. The bodies of the left and right pubic bones join at the
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484:. In front of this line, the surface of bone is triangular in form, wider laterally than medially, and is covered by the
1120:
Martin, A.J. (2006). Introduction to the Study of
Dinosaurs. Second Edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. pg. 299-300.
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1008:
439:
The point of junction of the crest with the medial border of the bone is called the angle; to it, as well as to the
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The anterior surface is rough, directed downward and outward, and serves for the origin of various muscles. The
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1302:
724:, which can be thought of as a "hip-socket", is an opening on each side of the pelvic girdle formed where the
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The lateral border presents a sharp margin, the obturator crest, which forms part of the circumference of the
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266:, found roughly 3 cm from the pubic symphysis, is a distinctive feature on the lower part of the
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Passing upward and laterally from the pubic tubercle is a well-defined ridge, forming a part of the
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Barsbold, R., (1979) Opisthopubic pelvis in the carnivorous dinosaurs. Nature. 279, 792-793
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Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis.
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The superior pubic ramus is the upper of the two rami. It forms the upper edge of the
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arises from the upper and medial angle, immediately below the crest; lower down, the
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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Michael L. Power, Jay
Schulkin. The Evolution Of The Human Placenta. pp. 68–.
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The posterior surface constitutes part of the anterior boundary of the
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On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named
Dinosauria.
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679:. In some groups, remnants of these pre-pubic bones can be found as
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Most forward-facing of the three main regions making up the os coxa
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at the SUNY Downstate
Medical Center - "The Male Pelvis: Hip Bone"
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1025:"Definition: superior pubic ramus from Online Medical Dictionary"
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and pubis, and below by a prominent ridge which extends from the
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mammals possess osteological projections of the pubis known as
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to the internal ridge is attached the inferior fascia of the
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959:"Definition: body of pubis from Online Medical Dictionary"
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is thin and sharp, forms part of the circumference of the
40:
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Placentals are unique among all mammals, including other
492:, which serves to indicate the point of junction of the
361:
and to a few muscular fibers prolonged from the bladder.
168:) forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the
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a pubic tubercle at the lateral end of the pubic crest
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The inferior surface forms the upper boundary of the
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The superior surface presents a continuation of the
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The upper border presents a prominent tubercle, the
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246:three surfaces (anterior, posterior and medial).
447:of the subcutaneous inguinal ring is attached.
1098:" Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,
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224:. In the female, the pubis is anterior to the
208:). The left and right coxal bones join at the
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839:Symphysis pubis exposed by a coronal section.
572:and magnus, the former being the more medial.
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748:Ornithischian pelvic structure (left side)
583:, and, close to the medial margin, to the
564:where it enters into the formation of the
560:along its medial border, a portion of the
286:and joints to the origin of a part of the
39:
27:
760:Saurischian pelvic structure (left side).
656:bones. These evolved first among derived
480:, already mentioned as commencing at the
390:(Poupart's ligament) are attached to it.
556:is rough, for the origin of muscles—the
172:. The pubis is the most forward-facing (
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931:This article incorporates text in the
608:to the external ridge is attached the
401:: to it are attached a portion of the
220:. The pubis is the lower limit of the
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827:Plan of ossification of the hip bone.
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240:a superior border or the pubic crest
579:is smooth, and gives origin to the
386:(external abdominal ring), and the
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1003:(in Swedish). Liber. p. 239.
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417:(Gimbernat's ligament), and the
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45:Male pelvis with pubis at bottom
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188:The pubic bone is made up of a
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787:. The gap between them is the
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458:and affords attachment to the
254:. The rough upper edge is the
212:. It is covered by a layer of
1:
1049:10.1016/S0022-5193(89)80213-9
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851:Left levator ani from within.
603:inferior ramus of the ischium
568:, and between these two, the
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537:inferior ramus of the ischium
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999:Bojsen-Møller, Finn (2000).
987:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
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397:which marks the brim of the
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419:reflected inguinal ligament
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597:In the female pelvis, the
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1142:Anatomy photo:44:st-0713
357:, and attachment to the
236:The body of pubis has:
132:Anatomical terms of bone
1524:greater sciatic foramen
863:The obturator externus.
359:puboprostatic ligaments
231:
1533:lesser sciatic foramen
1094:Seeley, H.G. (1888). "
915:anatomical terminology
500:to the pubic tubercle.
490:iliopectineal eminence
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165:
1528:greater sciatic notch
421:(triangular fascia).
405:(conjoined tendon of
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616:urogenital diaphragm
585:constrictor urethrae
531:Inferior pubic ramus
296:Superior pubic ramus
1586:Bones of the pelvis
1497:iliopectineal line
1493:iliopubic eminence
1308:posterior inferior
1303:posterior superior
913:This article uses
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581:obturator internus
562:obturator externus
524:obturator internus
513:obturator membrane
460:obturator membrane
354:obturator internus
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1083:978-0-521-02592-8
789:obturator foramen
766:Additional images
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577:posterior surface
570:adductores brevis
566:obturator foramen
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407:obliquus internus
388:inguinal ligament
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33:Pelvic girdle
30:
25:
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1581:Pubis (bone)
1543:pelvic inlet
1426:
1412:
1318:
1284:iliac spines
1283:
1253:
1234:arcuate line
1116:
1107:
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1039:
1028:. Retrieved
1019:
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994:
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953:
944:
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733:
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715:
712:opisthopubic
711:
704:Ornithischia
690:
670:
668:"puggles").
664:"joeys" and
647:
623:
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101:A02.5.01.301
76:
22:Pubis (bone)
1548:pelvic brim
1438:pubic crest
433:pyramidalis
411:transversus
376:pubic spine
348:levator ani
256:pubic crest
150:vertebrates
66:Identifiers
1570:Categories
1539:Landmarks
1511:pubic arch
1481:acetabulum
1333:tuberosity
1102:: 165-171.
1030:2008-10-18
964:2008-10-18
921:References
721:acetabulum
700:Saurischia
696:Dinosauria
681:os penises
673:eutherians
539:below the
218:mons pubis
158:pubic bone
1515:Foramina
1263:posterior
706:based on
687:Dinosaurs
677:pregnancy
666:monotreme
662:marsupial
658:cynodonts
650:placental
486:pectineus
441:symphysis
184:Structure
1474:Compound
1338:tubercle
1273:inferior
1268:anterior
1207:hip bone
937:page 236
893:See also
716:propubic
654:epipubic
558:gracilis
547:Surfaces
471:Surfaces
451:lamina.
339:gracilis
313:Surfaces
292:muscle.
274:and the
264:tubercle
178:anterior
170:hip bone
166:os pubis
77:os pubis
1361:Ischium
1190:General
1181:of the
1057:2615378
726:ischium
644:Mammals
592:Borders
413:), the
382:of the
366:Borders
278:of the
262:. This
174:ventral
89:D011630
56:Part of
51:Details
1319:other:
1202:coccyx
1197:sacrum
1183:pelvis
1124:
1081:
1055:
1007:
945:(1918)
781:sacrum
443:, the
330:, the
216:– the
206:branch
196:, and
152:, the
60:Pelvis
1434:body
1427:Pubis
1343:fossa
1328:crest
1217:Ilium
1179:Bones
935:from
887:Pubis
730:ilium
693:clade
494:ilium
202:Latin
162:Latin
154:pubis
136:[
125:16595
72:Latin
1369:body
1244:wing
1226:body
1122:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1053:PMID
1005:ISBN
779:The
702:and
691:The
648:Non-
622:The
575:The
552:Its
430:and
409:and
351:and
232:Body
190:body
176:and
113:1346
96:TA98
84:MeSH
1045:doi
984:at
214:fat
156:or
148:In
120:FMA
108:TA2
1572::
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